2022年中考英语阅读理解-主旨大意 推理判断课件（44张ppt）

(共44张PPT)
Learning objectives
know about word learning.
Know about the sets of different kinds of passage (narration/ argumentation/description).
Some strategies of reading.
by the end of the class,you will be able to
what should we do
一.Word learning 词汇学习积累
词汇学习积累
1. 与阅读文本主题密切相关的词汇，即Key words to retell the passage.
2. 阻碍文本理解的词汇
3. 符合构词法的派生词
4. 熟词生义的词汇
积累学习那些词汇？
词汇学习积累
1.Key words to retell 主题词汇
be preparing to /spend/father's snoring(打呼噜)/upset/special
learn from/ give out care bags/with the help of /bought/earplugs/say sorry for/arrive at/hand over
be busy doing/take off/
passengers/caring/careless
2020济南A篇
Although the process of making art is important, your finished product is significant too.
Last month,Connitive Daily reported that parents and teachers should be specific rather than general when they offer praise. An example of general praise is telling a child,”you're smart.” Specific praise would be to say “you did a good job on reading.”
For years, psychologists(心理学家) have been against giving children prizes or money for their performance in school. “outwards”prizes, they say , can undermine the joy of learning for its own good and can even lead to cheating.
2017济南
2.阻碍文本理解的词汇
词汇学习积累
3.构词法—派生词
词汇学习积累
1. 复合词—合成词 deadline, long-term, handwritten...
2. 派生词—缀合法（英语前后缀）
possible 词根 意义
impossible 前缀im- 改变词义
possibly 后缀-ly 改变词性
真题回顾2020济南
54. A. pain B .effort C. study D. sadness
57. A. easily B. happily C. proudly D. seriously
59. A. imossible B. unlucky C. embarrassed D. unbelievable
60. A.pulled B. touched C. pushed
A篇：caring, careless
B篇： artist, artistic, freeing, personal, drawing , set aside, combination
C篇： unfold, description, dreamer, personal, creative, responsibity, disabled, unforgettable, comparison, poster, inactive
D. held
词汇学习积累
4. 熟词生义—活用词汇
Lucid dreamers always believe in personal responsibility rather than letting society carry the can.
2020济南
The snoring usually only lasts a short time—while he falls asleep.(2020济南A篇)
复习建议
提高自己词汇的活用能力，运用构词法等积累单词，提高词汇量，增加对文本的敏感度和理解准确度
二中考文体结构意识
what should we do
阅读中体裁特点/套路
阅读中体裁特点
记叙文
tell stories
character
setting
plot
attitude
/change
the lesson
from the beginning/the ending
speech
thought
action
look
说明文
阅读中体裁特点/套路
说明文要关注文章的主题是什么？（introduction）;正文部分以如何的逻辑顺序展开阐述主题？（时间/空间/因果）
Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn‘t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological(心理学家) processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.
说明文
利用Mind-up梳理结构
描写特征
分类阐述
时间顺序
问题\原因
对策|结果
对比/比较
说明文
Students from two schools, The City School in Nigeria and Heathland School in the UK, recently took part in a project to compare their education and find out about student life in a very different country. As expected, they found many differences but also a few things that are similar.
contrast
79. Heathland School has all the following characteristics(特征)except that_____
80.According to the passage , which of the following sentence is true
议论文
是对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证
论据要充分、可靠。一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据.
要关注文本背后的观点和价值取向
阅读中体裁特点/套路
利用Mind-up梳理结构
议论文
Introduction Raise the interest+ background information+ opinion
Supporting ideas with supporting details including facts, data, studies, quotes.
Conclusion/end The writer’s opinion
Final thoughts
Calls for action
Body
Para1
There are many reasons why I encourage people to travel, and I know that the experience will make one a better person.
…
Para6
Traveling around and seeing so much happening in the world around us is a wonderful experience . If we could all just travel a little more and share our experiences, we would all be better people and the world would be a better place.
(2016济南学考)
议论文
79. Which of the following would be the best title of the passage
A. People in the World Are Family
B. Traveling Helps One Make More Friends
C. People in the World Share One Dream
D. Traveling Makes One a Better Person.
80. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage
A. To share his travel experiences with other people.
B. To encourage more people to travel around
C. To show how traveling can change the world.
D. To tell people how to travel around the world.
Introduction
conclusion
Body
细节理解
词义猜测
主旨大意
推理判断
中考题型
What is the main idea of the passage
This passage is about_____
What is the best title of this passage
What is the author’s main purpose in the passage
The passage was written to explain______.
(段落主旨大意)
What does the first paragraph mainly discuss
From the first paragraph, we can learn that____
The writer mentions the iPhone in paragraph2 to show that_____
主旨大意
推理判断
What can you conclude/imply/infer from this passage
It can be inferred from the text/the last paragraph/the first sentence…that_______
We can infer that______
The author suggests in the passage that_______
From the text/the third paragraph…that we can draw the conclusion that_______
We can learn that_______
Some strategies of reading
Title and picture题目和图片
Topic and main idea
Subheading 小标题 Introduction 引言 The first sentence in each para每段首句 Supporting idea
Chinese prompts and feeling words汉语提示和情感色彩的词汇 attitude
end of the text 尾段 Main idea\ attitude
Summary 总结整合 Mind-map(思维构建)
Title and piture 标题和图片
We can know what the passage will talk about.
We should think about what we have learned.
2015北京D篇 New Technology Revolutionizes(变革) Learning
2017北京C篇 Should Children be allowed to get bored
2020济南C&D篇
2018
2017 C & D 篇
2016
2015
主旨大意
Subheadings 小标题
Introduction 引言
Nowadays, we are having a much busier life , and we are using our eyes more than ever before. So we often have tired eyes after a day’s work or study. Here are some good methods of protecting eyes against tiredness to keep them healthy.
2017济南 B篇
主旨大意
Examples
What can you do to help yourself get out of stress or worry If you’re an artist, you keep making art. And if you have considerer yourself an artist, now is the time to take up an artistic hobby such as drawing or painting. It is never too late to start. Everyone can do it. If you hold a brush or crayon, you can create art.
Creating art heals(治愈) not only the mind and spirit but also the body since all of these are connected. As …
2020济南B篇
question
raise your interest
topic
C
Are kids getting too much praise Too much praise may be doing kids more harm than good.
A teacher says music education in schols has kind of turned into amusement. classroom lessons focus heavily on pop while understanding the classical art form and its history should be paid attention to.
A professor in music...argues that all students should study the works of western classical composers...
2016济南真题
Examples
common problem/case
analyze the problem
Some primary schoolchildren have been raised in homes with more green space around. They are likely to come with larger volumes of white and grey matter in certain areas of the brain. These differences are associated(关联) with beneficial effects on cognitive function（认知功能). This is the main conclusion of a study led by the Barcelona Indtitute for Global Health.
brief explanation
background
conclusion of a study
29. what does the passage tell us
A. working memory influences white and grey matter in the brain.
B. Dr.Dadvand stressed the importance of changing the environment.
C. students proved the influence of greenness on population out of Spain.
D. living in greener meighborhoods benefits children in brain development.
pronoun: they , it...; this , that, these, those
The first/last sentence in each para每段首句
A paragraph has one main idea. Any other information are used to support it.
what is the paragrph about
what point does the author try to make
What can you do to help yourself get out of stress or worry If you 're an artist, you keep making art. And if you have never considered yourself an artist, now is the time to take up an artistic hobby such as drawing or painting. It is never too late to start. Everyone can do it . If you hold a brush or crayon,you can creat art.
Creating art heals(治愈)...
Making art also allows you to play ...
Although the process of making art is important, your finished product is significant too, ...
If you don't know how to begin, here are some ways to start creating art. If ...
Examples-段意
Transition words: but, hower, while, though,although, nevertheless, on the other hand...
Today we can do everything with apps: pay bills, order food and shop for anything. Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands.
2020北京D篇
However, when it comes to technology and health care, opportunities and challenges come together...
Examples-段意
It is nearly impossible to answer the question when and where base ball started. Several culture created games which involve(涉及) hitting a ball with a bat and running.
2018济南C篇
But there were several rules that made them quite different from each other. The game of baseball itself has improved over time and has several changes from its early version(版本).
Examples-段意
Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn't need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological processes behind our different experiences of time,
2019北京D篇
we might be able to slow down time a little.
Every morning my father buys a newspaper on his way to work. Every day, I open my books in my class and start my lessons. Every evening, my mother looks through magazines at home. And every night, I look at the photos of David Beckham and Yao Ming on my bedroom wall before I go to sleep.
2020天桥一模
Can we imagine life without paper or printing
Examples-段意
End of the text 尾段
Summary 总结整合
尾段
Traveling around and seeing so much happening in the world around us is a wonderful experience. If we could all just travel a little more and share our experiences, we would all be better people and the world would be a better place.
2016济南B篇
80. What's the writer's purpose of writing the passage
A. To share his travel experiences with other people.
B. To encourage more people to travel around.
C. To show how traveling can change the world.
D. To tell people how to travel around the world.
positive and negative words: wonderful, embarrased...
Purpose 作者意图
What's the best title
what is the passage about
What is the writer's purpose in writing the passage
However,technologies are already a part of most students's day-to-day lives. As for cheating, teachers can ask students to hand in their iPads when they take exams. Education needs to make changes with the times as technology is playing an important part. We should look forward to a wonderful future when iPads and other technologies can add a lot to the classroom.
What's the writer's purpose of writing the passage
A. teachers can take control of students’ learning
B. exam results depend a lot on new technology
C. technology in education has a bright future
D. note-taking is as helpful as video-watching
The environment we live in encourages us to have packaged experiences. We feel that we must consume , because we belive that buying is doing. However, we can start a personal revolution against consumerism. How By consuming less. We can ask ourselves what experiences bring us the greatest satisfaction. Then we can organize our lives so that we have more of those kinds of experiences.
51.What's the writer's purpose of writing the passage
A. To introduce some ways of enjoying our spare time.
B. To encourage people to have more active experiences
C. To explain reasons behind people's shopping behavior
D. To share his personal experience in consuming products.
End of the text 尾段
Summary 总结整合
The information is not indicated, we must infer it. what is the inferenc
—Whose toy truck is this
—It must be Jane's little brother's. He was the only kid at the picnic.
If you infer somthing ,you should build on the basis of information you have known.
Inference推断
Every year, the Thursday of the camp week is Fire Truck Day. Fire trucks arrive , along with campers from previos years,
Campers can see fire trucks up close and talk with firefghters. sometimes, they are the very firefighters who rescued the campers months or years earlier. Fire Truck Day allows them to see each other in a situation, which is always the campers most day.
2019济南B篇
74. What do we know about Fire Truck Day from the last paragraph
A. It takes place in the hospital. B. It means a lot to the campers.
C. It is just for family members. D. It makes the campers feel sad
unforgettable
happy
doctors and nurses, and family members.
Inference推断
Para2: But many economists(经济学家) and business people disagree, and their opinions often become popular in the educational marketplace. Prize programs that pay students are underway in many cities. In some places, students can bring home hundreds of dollars for taking an Advanced Placement course and having high grades in the exams.
Para3: “Whether such efforts work continues to be a debate(争议) ,” said Barbara Marian, an assistant professor of education at Pennsylvania State. She is against using prizes as encouragement. Among parents, it often leads to very hot discussion. And in public education, a new focus on school reform(改革) pushes researchers on both sides of the debate to make more efforts to get data(数据) that may provide information on when and where prizes work.
82 From Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3, we can learn that ______.
A. the students' parents welcome prize programs
B. prize programs are getting popular in many cities
C. the government provides money for prize programs
D. all the education researchers support prize programs
End:
So get up , take some breaks and go outside. You might save your life by doing outdoor activities.
70. Which one of the following is most probably to be discussed next
Introduce the ways to improve sleep.
Give some examples of losing weight successfully.
List some risks of playing computer games.
Introduce some outdoor activities.
Inference推断
make a summary
Title
Introduction
main idea/topic
questions/examples/facts/research/studies
Body
supporting idea
supporting idea
supporting idea
supporting idea
Conclusion/End
main idea/purpose/attitude
transition words: but , however, instead of...
positive & negative words: important, shamed...
fact
opinion
how
speech
thought
studies
actions
looks
think/believe/suggest/argue/suppose...
Rome is not built in one day!
It takes time .
Just keep believing you can make it!
Never stop fighting until you arrive at your destined (命定的)place —that is, the unique you.
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