(共54张PPT)
冠词和数词
语法专题三
教学目标
1.掌握不定冠词的用法
2.掌握定冠词和零冠词的用法
3. 掌握数词的用法
冠词
用于可数名词前,表示“数量”
不定冠词的用法用于序数词前
用于固定搭配
不定冠词的用法
定冠词的用法
零冠词的用法
the+序数词
the+形容词最高级
"the+年份的复数”表示某年代
西洋乐器前加the
由普通名词构成的专有名词前
“the+形容词”表一类人
固定搭配中的定冠词
the表示特指
the表示“独一无二”
其他用法
基数词的用法
序数词的用法
年代的表达法
分数的表达法
日期的表达法
小数的表达法
百分数的表达法
倍数的表达法
数词
考点一 不定冠词
1.不定冠词a,an的基本用法
用法 示例
在叙述时用于第一次提到的人或物前 This is a book.
指人或事物的某一类别,以区别于其他种类 A plane is a machine that can fly.
泛指某人或某物 A young man is waiting for you.
用在某些物质名词或抽象名词 前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一 场”等 There'll be a strong wind in South China.
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 a knife and fork
"a+序数词”表示“又一,再一” The cake is delicious and I would like a second one.
用于表明比率、速度、价格等,有 “每一”的意思,相当于every five lessons a week
续表
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前 a teacher,a good student
an用在以元音音素开头的单词前 an apple tree,an interesting story
2.不定冠词a,an的区别
注意:
①判断一个词前是用a还是an,是根据其读音,而不是根据其字母。
②要注意区别以“u”开头的单词:当“u”发/ /音时,单词前
面用 an,如 an umbrella,an unhappy boy,当"u"发/ju:/音时,单词前用 a,如 a university,a useful tool。
3.含有a的常见固定词组
a few/little/bit 一点儿
have a swim/walk/talk/look/dance/drink/rest
游泳/散步/谈话/看一看/跳舞/喝点东西/休息
have a cold 感冒 have a good time 玩得高兴
in a hurry 匆忙 for a while 一会儿
keep a diary 记日记 do sb. a favor 帮助某人
题组训练单项选择
①Last Sunday, my parents took me to the zoo. In the zoo we
saw__elephant. __elephant was from Africa.
A.a;The B.the; An C.an;The D.the; A
②_____apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A.A B.An C.The D./
③一Excuse me, John. What's that in English
一It's ____eraser.
A.a B.an C.the D./
④ We can have ____bluer sky if we create ____less polluted world.
A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a D. the; the
C
B
B
A
用法 示例
特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 The book on the desk is mine.
用于双方都知道的人或事物前 Give me the book,please.
特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物 Do you know the girl in red
表示世界上独一无二的事物 The moon moves around the earth.
用在序数词、形容词最高级前面以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前 The first lesson is very easy.
He is the younger of the two boys.
考点二定冠词与零冠词
一、定冠词的用法
1.定冠词the的基本用法
用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩 The Greens are watching TV now.
与某些形容词连用表一类人 We should help the old.
用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、以及江、河、海洋等专有名词前。 the People's Republic of China,the Yangtze River
用在某些习惯用语中或西洋乐器名称的名词之前 in the morning, on the left,
I like playing the piano.
用在表示自然现象的名词前 the rain,the air,the wind
Don't stand in the rain.
续表
定冠词the记忆口诀:
特指双熟悉,上文已提及,
世上独无二,序数最高级,
某些专有名,习语及乐器,
自然现象前,风霜雨雪等。
例:1. The sign reads "In case of _______ fire, break the
glass and push ____ red button. " (2003全国)
A. 不填; a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. a; a
译文:标识上说:在火灾时候,打碎玻璃按红色的按钮。
分析:fire是物质名词,泛指时用零冠词,特指时用定冠词。而红色的按钮就是标识的边上,所以是特指。
B
2.--Where's ___nearest bookstore
--There's one at ____end of the street.(2000 上海 )
A. the, an B. a, the C. the, the D. a, an
译文:最近的书店在哪?
分析:这是必用冠词的场合和冠词固定或成语用法; at the end of 为其固定惯用法;而在最高级前则必加the;故选C。
C
2.用于某些固定短语中
①“in+the+年份的复数”表示在某年代
in the 1870s.在19世纪70年代
②“hit+人+介词+the+部位”表示“打某人某部位”
hit him on the head打他的头
③其他固定短语
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早晨/下午/晚上
on the other side of 在...的另一边
in the daytime 在白天 in the end 最后
all the time 一直 at the same time 同时
by the way 顺便说一下 in the open air 在户外
at the age of 在...岁时 at the beginning of 在...开始时
in the middle of 在...中间 at the moment现在
二、零冠词的用法
1.下列情况用零冠词
不可数名词和复数名词表泛指时 Animals can't live without water.
Horses are helpful animals.
某些专有名词,如人名、地名、国 家名等 China is a great country.
Mary lives in New York.
名词前已有指示代词、物主代词 或名词所有格等修饰时 Every student likes English in
our class.
在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前 This is Professor Li.
用在表示颜色、语种名词前 in black, in English
在三餐、四季、球类运动及学科名词之前 have breakfast Summer is the best season for
swimming.
He often plays football after school.
用在“专有名词+普通名词”构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词前边 Nanjing Road
Hainan Island
by与交通工具名词连用时 by car,by train
在一些,月份、星期、节假日前 Women's Day
续表
下列情况免冠词,代词限定名词前,
专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭,
复数名词表泛指,四季星期月份前,
颜色语种和国名,称呼习语和头衔。
零冠词
2.在某些固定词组和习惯用语中,用零冠词。如
day and night 日日夜夜 face to face 面对面
side by side 肩并肩 step by step 一步一步地
watch TV 看电视 at school/work/home在学校/在工作/在家
at first/last首先/最后 in trouble在困境中
in danger在危险中 on foot步行
on duty/watch值日/值班
on time 准时
in time 及时
in bed 卧病在床
go to school/work去上学/去工作
by bus/plane/ship乘公共汽车/飞机/轮船
at noon/night/dawn在中午/晚上/黎明
1-9 11-19 整十 几十几
one eleven ten ---
two twelve twenty twenty-two
three thirteen thirty thirty-three
four fourteen forty forty-four
five fifteen fifty fifty-five
six sixteen sixty sixty-six
seven seventeen seventy seventy-seven
eight eighteen eighty eighty-eight
nine nineteen ninety ninety-nine
考点三数词的基本用法
1 基数词 (一)基数词的基本构成
注意:
(1)基数词1—12是独立单词,需逐个记忆。
(2)基数词13—19是在个位数词的词干后加-teen构成,其中 thirteen, fifteen, eighteen 变化不规则。
(3)基数词 20—90 的整十数除 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty,
eighty为特殊形式外是在个位数词后面加-ty构成。基数词21-99的非整数是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成,中间加上连字符“-”。如 21 twenty-one。
(二)基数词的读法
1.在读三位数或三位数以上的基数词时,需在十位数之前(若十位数是0,在个位前)加连词and。
304—three hundred and four
1,342—one thousand, three hundred and forty-two
2.阿拉伯数字每三位数就需用一个逗号隔开,从后往前数;
所用的英语单词为:thousand (千),million (百万),billion (十亿),英语中没有“万”和“亿”,在表示“万”和“亿”时要按十进位法来推算。
1万可用10千来表示,即10,000。
100,000,000 可写成 a hundred million。
35,845 可写成 thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five 。
基本概念 基本用法 例句
基数词 (表示事物数量) 从句子成分上分析, 基数词在句中可用作 主语,宾语、表语等 Four of them went to the factory.
他们中的4个人去了工厂。(主 语)
I want two. 我想要两个。(宾语)
My classmate is eighteen.
我的同班同学18岁了。(表语)
表示“年、月、日”的 时间 The accident happened on May 5.2011.
那次事故发生在2011年5月 5日。
(三)基数词的基本用法
基数词 (表示事物数量) 表示编号 Today we are going to study Lesson Five.
今天我们要学习第5课。
He lives in Room 801.
他住在801房间。
表示时间几点钟,几点过几分 It's two o'clock. 现在是两点钟。
用于四则运算 One plus two is three. 1加2等于3。
Five times six is thirty. 5乘以6等于30。
表示百分数 Thirty percent of them is water.
它们当中的30%是水。
续表
(四)hundred, thousand, million 与 billion 的用法
1.与具体数词one,two...或several,some,many等连用时,
要用单数形式。
five hundred people 500 人
two thousand books 2 , 000 本书
many million trees 几百万棵树
2.与of连用时,要用复数形式,但前面不能再加数词。
hundreds of people 成百上千的人
thousands of factories 成千上万的工厂
millions of birds 数以百万计的鸟儿
hundreds of trees 几百棵树
第一至第十 第十一至第二十 第二十一至第三十 第整十至第一百
first eleventh twenty-first —
second twelfth twenty-second —
third thirteenth twenty-third —
fourth fourteenth twenty-fourth fortieth
fifth fifteenth twenty-fifth fiftieth
sixth sixteenth twenty-sixth sixtieth
seventh seventeenth twenty-seventh seventieth
eighth eighteenth twenty-eighth eightieth
ninth nineteenth twenty-ninth ninetieth
tenth twentieth thirtieth hundredth
二、序数词 (一)序数词的基本构成
注意:
(1)从第一到第十九的序数词除第一 first,第二second,第三
third,第五fifth,第八eighth,第九ninth,第十二twelfth变化不规则外,其余均在基数词后加上th。
(2)从第二十到第九十整十数字的序数词的构成方法是将
整十数字词尾的y变成i再加-eth。
(3)从第二十一到第九十九表示几十几的序数词,只是把个位数变成序数词,十位数不变。
基本概念 基本用法 例句
序数词(表 示数目的顺 序或事物的 位置) 表示编号 Mary sits in the second row.
玛丽坐在第二排。
表示日期 It happened on October the third, 1985.这件事 发生在1985年10月3日。
主要用作定 语、表语,前面要加定冠词the The fifth lesson is very easy to learn.
第 5 课 很容易学。
You are the first one I believe.
你是我最相信的人?
(二)序数词的基本用法
三、数词常见表达法
1.年代的表达法
in the 1930's/1930s
(in the thirties of the twentieth century 或in the nineteen thirties)
在 20 世纪 30 年代
in the 1860's/1860s
( in the sixties of the 19th century 或 in the eighteen sixties)
在19 世纪 60 年代
2.日期的表达法
年份用基数词,日期用序数词。
1988年5月1日可以写作May l(st),1988,读作May the first,nineteen eighty-eight;也可以写作 1 ( st) May, 1988,读作 the first of May, nineteen eighty-eight
1949 读作 nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine
1800 读作 eighteen hundred
1902 读作 nineteen hundred and two 或 nineteen o two
3.分数的表达法
分数在英语中通常是借助基数词和序数词来共同表达的。其中基数词表示分子,序数词表示分母。当分子大于1时,分母要用复数形式。
one third 三分之一
two thirds 三分之二
a/one quarter四分之一(当分子为1时,可以用a)
three and one fourth 三又四分之一
4.小数的表达法
小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界,小数点左边的数字为一个单位,表示整数,数字合起来读;小数点右边的数字为一个单位,表示小数,数字分开来读;小数点读作point,0读作zero或o;整数部分为零时,可以省略不读。
0.4 zero point four 或 point four 零点四
10.23 ten point two three 十点二三
25.67 twenty-five point six seven二十五点六七
1.03 one point o three —点零三
5. 百分数的表达法
百分数用基数词+percent表示。
0.68%—>zero point six eight percent
6% —>six percent
6.倍数的表达法
表示两倍用twice,表示三或三以上的倍数用基数词+times
The room is twice as large as that one
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
This tree is three times as tall as that one.
这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。
易混易错
1.序数词前面用定冠词与不定冠词的区别
"the+序数词"表示"第几……";"a+序数词"表示"又一,再三"。
The apple is sweet,and I would like a second one.
苹果很甜,我想再吃一个。
2."in one's+整十基数词的复数形式"
"in one's+整十基数词的复数形式"表示"在某人几十多岁时"。
如∶in his seventies
在他 70 多岁时
3.与 another,more 连用时,表示在已有的基础上再增加一定的数量,其结构为"another+基数词"或"基数词+more"
My father will stay in Beijing for another two weeks.
我爸爸将在北京再待两周。
I need two more chairs.
我还需要两把椅子。
Summary
1. 不定冠词的用法
2. 定冠词和零冠词的用法
3. 数词的用法
A组 考点一不定冠词
1.(2018 天津) There is____old piano in____corner of the living room.
A.an;the B.an;不填 C.a ; the D.a;a
2. (2018 云南) There is_______umbrella behind the door.
A.a B.an C.the D.不填
3.( 2018 甘肃兰州)Don't tell a lie. You are______honest boy.
A.a B.an C.the D./
A
B
B
4.(2018 重庆)I had_____ egg and some milk for breakfast this morning.
A.a B.an C.the D./
5.(2018 新疆)—Is that_____book
—No, it's______old dictionary.
A. a; the B.a;an C.an;a D.the;an
6.(2018 上海) Hurry up! The class will begin in_______minute.
A.a B.an C.the D./
B
B
A
考点二定冠词与零冠词
1.(2018 广东)_____new study says that going to_____bed
late is harmful to our health.
A./,/ B.A,/ C.A,the D. The, the
2.(2018 浙江温州)—Will you go to ______ Mike's birthday party
tomorrow
—Certainly, I'm going with my friends.
A.a B.an C.the D./
B
C
3.(2018 四川成都)—Who is______ boy playing soccer over there
—He is my classmate, Li Ping.
A.a B.不填 C.the
4.(2018 山东青岛) We should have __breakfast every day to keep healthy.
A.a B.an C./ D.the
C
C
考点三数词的基本用法
1.( 2018 新疆乌鲁木齐 ) ____people prefer HUAWEI phones,
and about____of them are adults.
A.The number of;four-fifths B.A number of;four-fifth
C.A number of;four-fifths D.The number of; four-five
2.( 2018 重庆) _______ visitors came to take photos of
Hongyadong during the vacation.
A.Thousand B.Thousand of
C.Thousands D.Thousands of
C
D
4.(2018 湖北黄冈) —Dad, about_____of our classmates wear glasses.
—Oh, that's terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.
A.three fourth B. third fourth
C.third fourths D. three quarters
5.(2018山东青岛)It's my daughter's birthday today. She's_____years old.
A. eighteen B. eighteenth
C.the eighteen D.the eighteenth
D
A
B组 考点一不定冠词
1.(2017 重庆) There is _____ tall man in front of the zoo gate.
A.a B.an C.the D./
2 (2017 福建) Jack is such____friendly boy. He gets along well
with his classmates.
A.a B.an C.the
3.(2017 湖北黄冈)—Hey, Li Ming. Do you have_______basketball
—Yes,it's over there, behind ______door.
A.a,a B.the,the C.a,the D.the,a
A
A
C
4.(2017 四川成都 ) I want to be _____ engineer when I grow up.
A.a B.an C.the
5.(2016 陕西) Yesterday I saw________ film. It moved me deeply.
A.a B.an C.the D./
6.(2016 吉林) Molly dreams of becoming _______excellent engineer
in the future.
A.a B.an C.the D./
B
A
B
7.(2016 山东青岛)David is______eight-year-old boy with short
black hair.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
8.(2014 天津)—Mary,who's_______ woman over there
—She's my aunt,_______ English teacher.
A.the;the B.a;the C.the;an D.a;an
9.(2014 河北)Let's take_______photo! Everyone, cheese!
A.a B.an C.the D./
C
C
A
考点二定冠词与零冠词
1.(2017 吉林)—Do you know______boy over there
—Yes, he is my brother, Li Lei.
A.the B.an C.a D./
2.(2017 吉林长春)I play _______ guitar in my spare time. It
makes my life more colorful.
A.a B.an C.the D./
3.(2016 天津)Tianjin is______beautiful city in ______north of China.
A.a;a B.a;the C.the;/ D.不填;the
A
C
B
4.(2015 河北) Look at_______calendar.It's June 22.
A.a B.an C.the D./
5. (2015 天津)—Does your father go to work by ______ car every day
—No,he sometimes takes______ bus.
A.a;the B.the;a C./ ;a D.a;/
C
C
考点三数词的基本用法
1.(2017 重庆 ) Today is Jack's birthday. He is _____years old now.
A.fourteenth B. fourteen
C.the fourteenth D.the fourteen
2.(2017 黑龙江哈尔滨)—How do you keep fit
—I live on _____floor. I walk upstairs instead of taking the lift every day.
A.twelve B.the twelve C.the twelfth
B
C
3.(2017 内蒙古呼和浩特)—How old is your daughter
— _____. We had a special party for her ______ birthday yesterday.
A.Nine ;nine B.Nine; ninth
C. Ninth ; ninth D. Ninth ; nine
4.(2014 天津)______month of the year is May.
A.Two B.The second C.Five D.The fifth
5. (2014 山东聊城) Christmas Day is on ________of December.
A.twenty-five B.the twenty-five
C.twenty-fifth D.the twenty-fifth
D
D
B
Goodbye