2022年中考英语语法之形容词和副词的比较级和最高级课件（57张PPT）

(共57张PPT)
中考英语语法之形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
学习目标
1. 掌握形容词副词比较级和最高级的变化规则
2. 学会运用形容词副词比较级和最高级的句型用法
目录
1. Warming up
2. Presentation
2.1 形容词副词的概念及用法
2.2 形容词副词的级
2.3 形容词副词比较级和最高级的变化规则
2.4 形容词副词比较级和最高级的重点句型归纳
3.Summary
PART 01
Warming up
tall
taller
GEM is tall.
Wiber Pan is taller than GEM.
形容词的三个等级：
原级 比较级 最高级
tall
taller
the tallest
GEM is tall.
Wiber Pan is taller than GEM.
Yi jianlian is the tallest of them.
形容词的三个等级：
原级 比较级 最高级
PART 02
Presentation
形容词，副词的概念及用法
1. 形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。
She is a pretty girl. 定语
She looks cool. 表语
Her songs make me happy. 宾补
2. 副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词叫副词。
e.g. 1. She works hard .
2. I am very busy.
3. He runs too quickly .
4. Much to our surprise, all the students passed the exam.
5. Luckily, he won the game.
形容词，副词的概念及用法
3. 形容词变副词
quick —— quickly
polite —— politely
wide —— widely
happy —— happily
angry —— angrily
3. 形容词变副词
quick —— quickly
polite —— politely
wide —— widely
happy —— happily
angry —— angrily
注意：有些以ly 结尾的词是形容词
friendly lovely daily ugly lonely lively
一般情况，直接加ly
辅y结尾，变y— ily
1. The girl in red is _________.
A worse B bad C badly D pretty
2. This sweater looks ____and sells___.
A well, well B good, nice C nice, good D nice, well
3. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ____with me .
A sad B pleased C angry D sorry
4. The box is_______heavy for the girl to carry.
A. too B. to C. so D. no
小试牛刀
答案：1.D
2.D
3.B
4.A
形容词、副词的级
形容词和副词有三个等级：原级、比较级、最高级
1. 原级：即形容词和副词的原形。
small, good, pretty, big, many
hard, happily, slowly, quickly
2. 比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。表示“较……”或“更……一些”.
标志词：than (比）
His hair is shorter than mine.
He has short hair than I have.
形容词、副词的级
运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题：
(一)、只有同类的事物才能比较
Her bag is bigger than mine.
Her bag is bigger than I.×
The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.
The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang. ×
(二)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。
He is more careful than I (me).
3. 最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间 的比较。
标志词：in+大范围, of all, of +the+具体的数字
表示“最……”的意思。形容词最高级前一定要加定冠词“the”
Peter runs fastest in his class.（adv.最高级前the可以省略）
Jack is the tallest of all.
注意：当最高级前有物主代词修饰时，其前不加定冠词the.
It’s our largest machine in our factory.
形容词、副词的级
判断下列句子中形容词副词的级。
1. That is the easiest of all.
2. John is shorter than Tom.
3. Peter runs fastest in his class.
4. I like Mary, because she is very polite.
课堂练习
规则变化如下：
Jack is taller than Peter.
Bruce is the tallest of the three boys.
1.一般直接加 -er, est
short — _______ — _______
small — _______ — _______
long — _______ — _______
形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
2. 一般以不发音的e结尾时加 -r , -st
late-later-latest nice-nicer-nicest
3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾时把y变i,再加-er -est
easy-easier-easiest happy-happier-happiest
4. 辅元辅结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er, -est
big -bigger-biggest
教你一个小绝招：大热天很悲伤，胖子湿了，瘦子红眼了。
big hot sad fat wet thin red
5.多音节词和部分双音节词，在词前加 more/most
beautiful —— more beautiful —— most beautiful
interesting —— more interesting —— most interesting
comfortable —— more comfortable —— most comfortable
boring —— more boring —— most boring
特别提醒：以形容词前缀un构成的三音节形容词不适合上述情况
unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest untidy-untidier untidiest
形容词比较级前面加more的情况：
1. 多音节词 more popular
2. 以ful 和 less 结尾的形容词， more careful / more careless
3. 分词式形容词 more tired / more boring
4. 某些以ly 结尾的形容词前可加more，也可改y为i, 再加er
friendly——more friendlier / friendlier
good / well – better – best
bad / badly / ill – worse – worst
much / many – more – most
little – less – least
far – farther / further– farthest / furthest
old – older / elder – oldest / eldest
不规则变化
两个好，两个坏，两个多；
一个小又少，还有一远和一老。
farther 用于实际距离，
further 用于除实际距离外的抽象意义的各种“进一步”、“更深入”
further discussion/explanation
His home is farther to our school than mine.
Please give us further explanation.
elder 表示“前辈的”、“年纪较长的”只做定语
older 指年龄大小
My younger son is five and my elder son is nine。
My elder brother joined the army when he was only fifteen.
My elder sister is two years older than I am.
用括号所给词正确形式填空
1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the ______(clever).
2. My sister is two years ______(old) than I.
3. John's parents have four daughters,and she is the______ (young) child.
4. The _______(cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.
5. I come _______(late) than you.
课堂练习
答案：1.cleverer;
2.older;
3.younger;
4.cheapest;
5.later.
1.He jumps______of the three.
A. far B. further C. farthest D.furthest
2.There is _______paper here. Please bring some.
A. little B. less C. fewer D.a little
3.Tom speaks Chinese_______better than Jimmy.
A. more B. very C. a lot of D.much
4.There are _____girls in Class Two than in Class One.
A.more B.nicest C.most D.best
5.Who has_____apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy
A.much B.biggest C.better D.the most
课堂练习
答案：1-5 CADAD
比 较 级 句 型 归 纳
当两个人或事物（A和B）进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的原级或者比较级
1. 表达“A=B”，用as…as的结构。
I am as tall as you.
He runs as fast as I.
形容词、副词比较级重点句型归纳
2．表达“ A < B ”用not as…as的结构。
I am not as / so tall as you.
He doesn’t run as / so fast as I.
形容词、副词比较级重点句型归纳
He thinks Chinese is not as interesting as English.
He thinks Chinese is less interesting than English.
否定句结构中，部分双音节和单音节词 A < B
not as/so+adj./adv.原级+ as
= less +adj./adv.原级+ than
形容词、副词比较级重点句型归纳
3. 表达“ A > B ”用“比较级+ than”的结构。
I am taller than you.
I am more outgoing than my sister.
She runs faster than I.
形容词、副词比较级重点句型归纳
1. English is as_____________(important) as Chinese.
英语和语文一样重要
2. Today_____________________(warm) yesterday.
今天不如昨天暖和。
3. The weather is getting __________________. 越来越槽糕
4. _________________you are, ___________mistakes you will make.
你越仔细，做错的题目就越少.
5. ________________ you exercise, _____________you’ll be.
你锻炼得越多,就越健康.
答案：
5.important.
3.is not/so warm as (is less warm than)
1.worse and worse;
2.The more careful; the fewer
4.The more; the fatter
1．比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语.
常见词有much, even, a great deal, far, a little ,a bit 等
He is much taller than I.
I feel much / a great deal better today.
I jump a little higher than he.
Your handwriting is far better than mine.
Attention !!!
2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的词组,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。
I am two years older than he.
This building is 20 meters higher than that one.
数量词+比较级
Attention !!!
4．“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”
It is getting warmer and warmer．
He is running faster and faster．
Our country is becoming more and more beautiful．
形容词、副词比较级重点句型归纳
5．“ the +比较级+主谓， the +比较级+主谓 ”
表示“越……，就越……”
The more, the better.
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
越努力，越幸运！
形容词、副词比较级重点句型归纳
6．“the +比较级+of the two” 表示“两个当中较...的一个”
Look at the two boys. My younger brother is the more handsome of the two.
不可省略
形容词、副词比较级重点句型归纳
7. A是B的几倍 倍数关系
一倍：once 两倍：twice
三倍及以上：基数词+times
This room is three times as big as that one.
A是B的一半 ？
他的房间是你的一半大。
His room is half as big as yours.
形容词、副词比较级重点句型归纳
A + 比较级+ than any other + 单数名词。
Tony is taller than any other student in his class.
Tony is taller than the other students in his class.
The Changjiang river is longer than any other river in China.
any other student 是除一个学生以外 其他任何一个学生
the other students 指除一个以外其余所有学生
比较级表示最高级的情况（1）
比较这两个句子：
1. China is larger than any other country in Asia.
2. China is larger than any country in Africa.
I have never heard a better voice than yours.
I have never read a more intersting novel.
1. I failed to catch the last bus on that cold winter. I couldn't feel ______ then.
A. more excited B. more terrible
C. the most excited D. the most terrible
2. —— What do you think of the movie
—— Great ! I have never seen a _____one.
A. good B. better C. bad D.worse
比较级表示最高级的情况（2）
1. Bob never does his homework _____ Mary. He often makes lots of mistakes.
A. so careful as B. as carefully as C. carefully as D. as careful as
2. Now air in our town is ____ than it used to be. Some action must be taken to
solve it.
A. very good B. much better C. rather than D. even worse
3. I feel ____ better than yesterday.
A. more B. very C. the D. far
4. China has a larger population than _____ in the world.
A. all the countries B. every country C. any country D. any other country
最 高 级 句 型 归 纳
当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级
1．表达“…是…中最…的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”+ in/of 短语。
He is the tallest (student) in our class.
He jumps the highest of the three boys.
This is the best book that I have ever read.
形容词、副词最高级重点句型归纳
2．表示“最…的…中一个”，“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”
He is one of the best students in our class.
This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.
注意：
形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the，而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格时，不用定冠词the.
This is my businest day.
This is Tom's happiest day.
形容词、副词最高级重点句型归纳
3. 最高级 ，A, B or C “哪个最…… ”
Which country is the largest, China, Brazil or Canada
4. …the +序数词（second,third…)+最高级+
表示范围的短语 “…是第(二,三……)最…”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
形容词、副词最高级重点句型归纳
1. Which subject is _____ , physics or chemistry
A. interesting B. most interesting C. more interesting
2. Which is ,the sun, the moon or the earth
Of course, the moon is.
A. small B. smaller C. the smallest
3. David is taller than ____in his class.
A. any student B the other students C any students
4. The baby cried ______.
A. harder and harder B hard and hard C more and more hard
5. He is _____of the two.
A taller B the taller boy C the tallest boy
6. He jumps of the three.
A. further B. farthest C. the furthest
7. The Chang jiang River is one of in the world.
A. the longest river B. longest rivers C. the longest rivers
8. The more exercise you take, the you will be.
A. weaker B. healthier C. luckier D. worse
9. Nanjing isn’t so large _____ Shanghai, however, it’s the second ________ city in East China.
A. like; largest B. as; largest C. like; large D. as; large
10. The number of tigers is getting ______ because their living areas are becoming farmlands.
A. small and small B. larger and larger C. smaller and smaller D. large and large
11. Mr Green is one of _______ in our school.
A. more popular teacher B. many popular teachers
C. the most popular teachers D. the popular teachers
12. ______ you are, _____ mistakes you’ll make.
A. The more careful, the fewer B. More careful, the less
C. The more careless, the less D. More careless, fewer
13. — Which city is your favorite
— Hangzhou, of course. It’s the _____place that I want to visit.
A. worse B. worst C. better D .best
14. She wants to buy___ things with ______ money.
A. little, few B. more, fewer C. more, less D. a little, a few
15. Wang Ping is _________in my class.
A . honest B. the honestest C. more honest D. the most honest
The____earlier____ (越早)kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.
The rising number of cars made the air in the city become even___worse_____(bad)
The Yangtze River is the third___longest____(long) river.
Simon has the fewest paper clips in his class.(同义句转换)
Simon has fewer paper clips than____any__other___ student in his class.
5. After Alibaba became listed, Ma Yun became one of the___most wealthy____(wealthy) men in the world.
PART 03
Summary
01
形容词、副词原级的用法
03
比较级句型 (7+2)
04
最高级句型 (4)
02
比较级、最高级的构成
Summary