2022年人教版中考英语语法专题之介词课件（共有PPT21张）

(共21张PPT)
专题五 preposition（介词）
中考英语语法专题
本专题内容适用于7—9年级学生
本专题一般共需2课时
Preposition(介词)
知识要点：
一、介词的分类和用法
二、常用介词搭配和区别
三、巩固练习
第一课时 介词的分类和用法
二、巩固练习
一、介词的分类和用法
at 表示具体的时刻。 at seven o'clock
at half past two
on 主要用于具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上，还用于具有某种特征的一天。 on Monday
on August 8th, 2008
on the night of National Day
on a rainy evening
in 用于世纪、年、季节、月 in the 21st century / in 2010 / in spring / in January
固定
用法 in the morning / afternoon / evening at noon / night / midnight
一、介词的分类
1.表示时间和日期的介词

in表示年、季节、月份、周，或泛指上午、下午或晚上；on表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上；at表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点。
例题分析?
The earthquake which happened in Yushu ______ 14th April, 2010 was a big disaster.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
答案?B
思路分析?本题考查的是表示时间的介词的用法。具体日期前用介词on?故选择B。
The car accident happened ______ a cold winter morning. Luckily, no one was hurt.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
答案?B
思路分析?本题考查的是表示时间的介词的用法。专指某一特定的上午?下午和晚上?
要用介词on。例如: on a spring morning?故选择B。
The famous writer William Shakespeare was born ______1564.
A. in B. on C. at D. of
答案?A
思路分析?本题考查的是表示时间的介词的用法。某一年份前用介词in?故选择A。
2.表示方位的介词

1）常用方位介词
on意为“在……的上面”；
over意为“在……（垂直）的正上方”；
above意为“在……（不一定垂直）的上方”；
under意为“在……（垂直的）正下方”；
below意为“在……（不一定垂直）的下方”；
near意为“在……附近”；
next to意为“紧挨着……”；
round / around意为“在……周围”；
by意为“在……旁边”；
2）表示两者的位置关系时
in表示“在同一区域内或同一范围内”；
on表示“接壤；相邻”；
to表示“相离；相隔”，两者不属同一范围，也不接壤。
介词 意 义 例 句
on 在……上 His book is on the desk.
under 在……下 The football is under the chair.
in 在……里 There is a pencil case in the schoolbag.
in front of 在……前 There is a tree in front of the house.
behind 在……后 He is standing behind me.
beside 在……旁边 Tom is sitting beside the window.
3.表示延续时间的介词

by意为“在……之前；不迟于……”；
for意为“历时……之久；持续……”；
in意为“在……以后；在……时间内”；
since意为“自从……以来；自……以后”；
until用于否定句中，意为“直到……才”，其前的谓语动词多为非延续性动词，用在肯定句中，意为“直到……为止”，其前谓语动词须用延续性动词。
如：He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back home yesterday.昨天他直到他妈妈回家才睡觉。
He watched TV until his mother came back home yesterday。
昨天他看电视一直到他妈妈回家的时候。
他已经当老师9年了。He has been a teacher ________ nine years.
我已经在这儿住了10年了。I have lived here _______ ten years ago.
他十分钟之后将会回来。He will be back ________ ten minutes.
知道五月，我们才会看到一些花。
We don’t see any flowers ________ May.
你必须得在这里站到太阳落下去为止。
You must stand here ________ the sun sets.
我明天早晨八点前必须得到校。
I must be at school ________ eight tomorrow morning.
你能在五分钟之内干完这些工作吗？
Can you finish your work _______ five minutes
Quiz即学即练
4.表示方式的介词
介词用来表交通，常把by, in, on来用；
限定、复数用in / on，by要直通海陆空；
骑马、骑车惯用on，小轿车前in才通。
【注】
1. by + 交通工具，意为“乘坐……”。如：
海：be ship / boat / sea 陆：by bus / car / train / bike / taxi 空：by air / plane / spaceship
2. on / in + 限定词 + 交通工具，意为“乘坐……”。如：
He goes to work on the bike / in his car. 他骑自行车 / 开车去上班。
3. on foot为固定短语，意为“步行”。
5.表示运动方向的介词
across意为“从……表面穿过”，或沿某一条线的方向而进行的动作；through意为 “从……内部穿过”，past和by表示“从旁边经过或路过”。如：

Please be careful when you go ________ the street.
Look! The mosquito is trying to fly ________ the window.
We often go ________ a bakery on our way to school.
6.不用介词的情况
today, yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语前；含有last, this, that, these, those, next, every, one, some, all等词的时间状语前；here, there, home, back等副词前。
介词专练
I Fill in the blanks with at/on/in.(用at, on, in填空。)
1. ________ five o’clock
2. _________ a quarter past seven
3. ________ February 11th
4. _________ a hot summer afternoon
5. ________ winter
6. _________ the morning of Children’s Day
7. ________ night
8. _________ the evening
介词专练
I. Fill in the blanks with at/on/in.(用at, on, in填空。）
1. ___at_____ five o’clock
2. ____at_____ a quarter past seven
3. ____on____ February 11th
4. ____on_____ a hot summer afternoon
5. ____in____ winter
6. ____on_____ the morning of Children’s Day
7. ____at____ night
8. ___in______ the evening
II Fill in the blanks with by/on/in(用by, on, in填空。)
1. They often go to school _______ foot.
2. Does he usually go home _______ bike
3. She went to Qingdao _______ ship last week.
4. I want to go to Beijing _______ bus.
5. She often comes to school _______ her father’s car.
6. Did you come here _______ a taxi
II Fill in the blanks with by/on/in(用by, on, in填空。)
1. They often go to school ___on____ foot.
2. Does he usually go home ___by____ bike
3. She went to Qingdao ___by____ ship last week.
4. I want to go to Beijing ___by____ bus.
5. She often comes to school ___in____ her father’s car.
6. Did you come here ___in____ a taxi
III Fill in the blanks with to/on/in(用to, on, in填空。) 。
1. Shanghai is located _______ the east of China.
2. Handan is _______ the south of Hebei province.
3. Hainan is _______ the south of China.
4. Japan is _______ the east of China.
5. Henan province is _______ the south of Hebei province.
6. Taiwan is ________ the southeast of China.
III Fill in the blanks with to/on/in(用to, on, in填空。) 。
1. Shanghai is located ___in____ the east of China.
2. Handan is ___in____ the south of Hebei province.
3. Hainan is ___in____ the south of China.
4. Japan is ___to____ the east of China.
5. Henan province is ___on____ the south of Hebei province.
6. Taiwan is ___in_____ the southeast of China.
中考链接
1．（2021·青海）Look! The sun is shining directly into the car. You’d better park it _____ the tree.
A．under B．in front of C．behind
2．（2021·湖南湘潭市）—How do you study for a test, Eric
—I study _____ working with a group.
A．by B．with C．in
3．（2021·湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州）Yuan Longping， one of the best-known scientists around the world, made great contributions ______ developing hybrid rice.
A．in B．for C．to
4．（2021·湖南怀化市）I often help my parents with housework _____ Sundays.
A．on B．in C．at
5．（2021·甘肃天水市）We left _____ such a hurry that we forgot our tickets.
A．on B．for C．to D．in
A
A
C
A
D
6．（2021·山西）In the future, robots will play a more important role in people’s life _____ the development of technology.
A．ahead of B．instead of C．because of
7．（2021·江苏南京市）We are going to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China _____ July 1st, 2021.
A．in B．on C．at D．of
8．（2021·河北）I eat rice _____ beef and potatoes. It’s delicious.
A．in B．on C．with D．for
9．（2021·江苏盐城市）China successfully landed a spacecraft _____ Mars in May, 2021.
A．in B．on C．at D．for
10．（2021·湖北武汉市）— I could tell _____ the look on her face that something exciting had happened.
— Exactly!
A．on B．with C．by D．at
C
B
C
B
C
课时总结
介词的分类
表示时间
表示方位
表示方式
表示运动方向
常用介词用法歌诀
in在里面on在上，by和beside在近旁；
above表示在上方，below恰好为反向。
若表正上用over，under表示正下方。
in front of表在前，反义behind在后面。
从里穿过用through，表面通过across。
进到里面用into，落到上面用onto。
from表示自何方，to和towards表朝向。
小小介词用处大，反复实践掌握它。
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