2021年中考英语复习--阅读理解之推理判断题课件（共有PPT16张）

(共16张PPT)
专题十八 阅读理解
中考英语语法专题
本专题内容适用于7--9年级学生
本专题一般共需4课时
第四课时 阅读理解
一、推理判断题解题要点
二、推理判断题的常见的提问形式:
三、巩固练习
推理判断型
推理判断题：中考重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。
以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。
推理判断题（做题要领）
既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。
推理判断型常见的命题方式有：
The passage implies (暗示) that_______.
We can conclude (得出结论) from the passage that_____.
Which of the following can be inferred (推论)
What is the tone (语气) of the author
What is the purpose (目的) of this passage
The passage is intended to _____.
Where would this passage most probably appear
The concept (n. 观念 ) of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. About 90 percent of all illnesses might be preventable if individual (n. 个人 ) made sound ( adj. 健康的 ) personal health choices based upon present (adj.现在的) medical knowledge.
We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it limited when it is within the legal (adj. 法律的 ) and moral boundaries ( n.界限 ) of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may affect our health. If we do desire, we can smoke , drink much, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever food we want, and live a completely sedentary (adj. 久坐的，劳心的 ) lifestyle without any exercise.
Q: The concept of personal choice about health is important because____.
A. personal health choices help cure most illnesses.
B. it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge.
C. it is basic to personal freedom in American society.
D. wrong decisions could lead to poor health.
解析：据前两句可以得知，不良的选择会导致健康状况变坏，因此答案选 D 。选出的答案一定要在原文中找到依据或理由，不能只凭常识或自己主观胡乱推测。
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成绩 ) ends up with uninspired students.
Eisenberger holds (vi.认为). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近来的 ) point ( n.观点 ), he notes ( vi.特别指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使变得更紧 ) grading standards (及格标准 ) and restore ( vt.恢复使用 ) failing grades (不及格分数或标准 ).
Q: It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe_____.
rewarding poor performance ( n.成绩 ) may kill the creativity of students .
B. punishment is more effective than rewarding.
C. failing (v. 给…不及格 ) uninspired students helps improve their overall (adj.全面的 ) academic (adj.学校的 ) standards.
D. Discouraging ( vt.使…失去信心 ) the students’ anticipation ( n.预期之事物 ) for easy rewards is a matter of urgency ( n.紧急 ).
解析: 问题是文中 Eisenberger 举的一个例子,通过例证题目的考点分析, 我们知道一般例子前后总结性的话(论点)是解决问题的关键,这样我们就可以判断出该例要说明的问题……(答案:A)
The topic sentence: A teacher ends up with uninspired (without creativity) students.
译: 假设老师总让学生关注奖励,或对表现一般的学生也给高分,那么学生们最终都会不求进取,没有灵感及想象力。
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Children who read this book will show great interest in
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and quickly．
Basic Study Guidebook $36
Read this book and learn：
What the three barriers(障碍) to study are and what to do
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What to do if you are tired of a subject
Children read it to improve the ability to study．
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Read this book and learn：
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根据以上材料，选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．"_______" can tell you what to do if you are tired of a subject．
A．Study Skills for Life
B．Learning How to Learn
C．Basic Study Guidebook
D．How to Use a Dictionary Picture Book for Children
( ) 2．Many pictures in the book "Learning How to Learn" can ____．
A．make children read slowly
B．make children understand the book easily
C．make the book boring
D．make children draw beautifully
( ) 3．According to the ads，the three books are for ________．
A．the old B．parents C．children D．men
( ) 4．If you buy the three books on May 2nd，2010，you will just
pay ________ for them．
A．$93 B．$71 C．$80 D．$79
( ) 5．The purpose of the three ads is to ________．
A．sell these books to the children
B．help children learn English
C．help children learn about nature
D．use a dictionary to pronounce correctly
Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth．When some plates of the earth move suddenly，an earthquake happens．Many earthquakes begin under the sea．They often happen near the mountains，too．
During an earthquake，the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack(断裂) open．Houses fall，people are killed or hurt，and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed．
Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes Scientists have studied earthquakes and made maps that show the "earthquake belts"．In areas in these belts，it's possible for earthquakes to happen．In these areas we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes．
In the future，scientists will be able to tell when and where an earthquake will be before they happen．They can also tell people what to do and how to do it．
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
( ) 1．The reason for an earthquake is _______．
A．that there are so many plates on the earth
B．that the sea is too deep
C．rocks' cracking open
( ) 2．A lot of earthquakes often happens _______．
A．in the area B．next to mountains C．at night
( ) 3．A map showing the earthquake belts will tell people ____．
A．what kind of houses to build
B．what kind of houses can stay up in an earthquake
C．where earthquake may happen
( ) 4．Which is Not True according to the passage
A．During an earthquake people are killed or hurt．
B．The scientists can tell when and where an earthquake is now．
C．we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes．
( ) 5．In the future，we'll be no longer so afraid of earthquakes __．
A．with the help of scientists' exact prediction
B．because of a map showing the "earthquake belts"
C．because we can guess the date and place of earthquakes
课时总结
1.与原文相同的细节不能选
2.文中没有出现的细节不能跳出文章做推断
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