2021年中考英语复习--阅读理解之主旨大意题课件（共有PPt19张）

(共19张PPT)
专题十八 阅读理解
中考英语语法专题
本专题内容适用于7--9年级学生
本专题一般共需4课时
第一课时 阅读理解
一、阅读理解常考题型
二、主旨大意题解题技巧
三、巩固练习
一、阅读理解常见考点
1 ﹑理解主旨和要义
2 ﹑理解文中的具体位置
3 ﹑根据上下文推断生词的词义
4 ﹑作出判断和推理
5 ﹑理解文章的基本结构
6 ﹑理解作者的意图﹑观点和态度
主旨大意型
事实细节型
词 义 猜 测 型
命 题 类 型
二、阅读理解常考题型:
推 理 判 断 型
三、主旨大意题 （做题要领）
1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。
2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
(正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。
1)What does the writer mainly tell us
2)Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text
3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea
4)Which is the subject discussed in the text
5)What’s the best title for this passage
四、主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:
Passage 1
In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper foreign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australian’s biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society.
Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph
A. GM is one of the largest car producers.
B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.
C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.
D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.
文章
解释
【解析】答案为C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。
本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续论证。
寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。
文章
例2:
Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia (栀子花) was delivered to my house. No card ever came with it. Calls to the flower-shop were not helpful at all. After a while I stopped trying to find out the sender’s name and was just pleased with the beautiful white flower, in soft pink paper.
I never stopped imagining (想像) who the giver might be, though. Some of my happiest moments were spent daydreaming about the sender. My mother encouraged these daydreams. She’d ask me if I had been especially kind to someone. Perhaps it was the old man across the street. I’d delivered his mail during the winter. As a girl, though, I had more fun imagining that it might be a boy that I had met.
One month before my graduation, my father died. I was so sad that I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation dance, and I didn’t care whether I had a new dress or not. My mother, in her own sadness, however, would not let me miss any of those things. She wanted her children to feel loved. In fact, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia: lovely, strong and perfect, with perhaps a bit of mystery (神秘).
My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.
Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A. A Childhood Dream
B. A Mother’s Love
C. A Graduation Party
D. A Special Birthday
【分析】
本文写的是一位母亲在自己女儿成长的过程中以一种独特的方式——每年在女儿生日那天不署名送女儿栀子花来表达对女儿的爱。本篇文章围绕爱展开,开头写暗送女儿栀子花,并鼓励女儿去想像美好。当女儿遇到挫折时,母亲鼓励女儿要勇敢地面对困难。尽管文章中并没有出现主题句,但是以上这些关键信息充分说明了B项"A Mother’s Love"是正确项。
Quiz小试牛刀
1. Samantha, I can’t eat or sleep when you are gone. I need to hear your soft voice and see your lovely toothless smile. I miss that special way you eat soup with your fingers. Please come home soon!
What is the main idea of this paragraph
A. Samantha, your smile is very lovely.
B. Samantha, I want to hear your soft voice.
C. Samantha, I miss you very much.
D. Samantha, I can’t eat and sleep well.
2. Someday we will all have robots that will be our personal servants (仆人). They will look and behave much like real humans. We will be able to talk to these robots and they will be able to answer us. They will be smart, strong, and tire-less workers. Their only life goal will be to make our lives easier.
Which sentence expresses the main idea of the paragraph
A. Someday we will all have robots as our personal servants.
B. We can talk to these robots and they can answer us.
C. Robots will look and behave much like real humans. D. The robots will be smart, strong, and tireless workers.
Earthquakes happen without warning(前兆)．They can happen any time of a day，at any point during the year．When an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not do．
Do NOT go outside．You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings．If you are outside，stay away from buildings and power lines(输电线)．
Stay under a desk，table，or other strong furniture．Hold on to it．Or stay in a corner of the building．Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing．Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside．
Keep away from windows，pictures or advertisements on the wall or the building，and anything else that could fall and hurt you．Most people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itself．
Also keep away from a fire．You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire．
If you are driving when an earthquake happens，stop the car if it's safe．Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridges．Try not to stop by power lines or trees．These could fall and hurt you．
( ) 1．It isn't safe for you to _______ while the earthquake is happening．
A．run out of the building
B．stay in a corner of the building
C．cover your head with your arms
D．cover your mouth with a towel
( ) 2．From this passage，we know _______．
A．many people fear earthquakes
B．earthquakes maybe happen at any time
C．we can't save ourselves in an earthquake
D．people never get injured in earthquakes
( ) 3．The best title for this passage should be "_______"．
A．How Earthquakes Happen
B．How to Drive a Car
C．What We Should Do in Earthquakes
D．Why Earthquakes Happen
( A ) 1．It isn't safe for you to _______ while the earthquake is happening．
A．run out of the building
B．stay in a corner of the building
C．cover your head with your arms
D．cover your mouth with a towel
( B ) 2．From this passage，we know _______．
A．many people fear earthquakes
B．earthquakes maybe happen at any time
C．we can't save ourselves in an earthquake
D．people never get injured in earthquakes
( C ) 3．The best title for this passage should be "_______"．
A．How Earthquakes Happen
B．How to Drive a Car
C．What We Should Do in Earthquakes
D．Why Earthquakes Happen
课时总结
1. 快速有重点地浏览(skimming)全文。从整体上把握文章的结构、逻辑关系、问题的指向等。在快速浏览时，不纠缠文章中与主旨无关的细节(如某些数字或专有名词等)，以保持阅读的连贯性，把注意力集中于主题句的关键词语上，必要时在重要词句下面画线标注。
2. 选择文章标题时，既要排除过于具体或断章取义、以偏概全的标题，又要排除范围太大、空洞、不着边际的标题，还要警惕以事实、细节替代抽象、概括的大意的情况。
3. 推断作者写作目的时，要站在作者的立场想问题，切忌将自己的观点强加于作者。当文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如：but, yet, however, although等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息。
4. 必须看清题目，要求回答的是“全文主旨”还是“段落主旨”；推断的是“作者的观点、意图”还是“别人的观点、意图”。
Thank you for listening