2021年中考英语语法之动词的被动语态课件（共有PPT59张）

(共59张PPT)
中考英语语法之动词的被动语态
目录
Catalog
1. 蛮不讲理—胜败我都赢
2. 夯实基础—被动语态的基本结构和用法
3. 各个击破—各种时态的被动语态
4. 处变不惊—特殊结构的被动语态
5. 随机应变—含to的被动语态短语
6. 赛后总结—备战中考，迎奥运
PART 01
蛮不讲理—胜败我都赢
有没有那么一个时刻让你感动过
中国队大胜美国队。
The Chinese team trounced the American team.
中国队大败美国队。
The Chinese team trounced the American team.
胜败都是我赢
拿下被动语态
PART 02
夯实基础—被动语态的基本结构和用法
被动语态的用法
我们之前学过的句子大部分都是主动语态，那什么时候会用到被动语态呢？
看把你急的，一点也沉不住气，
着什么急，你这样怎么当队长
听我慢慢道来……
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语中有两种语态：主动语态（Active Voice）和被动语态（Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
主动语态：人们喜爱排球。
People love volleyball.
被动语态：排球被人们所喜爱。
Volleyball is loved by people.
夯实基础-从了解语态开始
被动语态的使用情况：
1.当我们需要突出强调动作的承受者时；
John was elected monitor of the class.
2.不知道谁是动作的执行者时；
My wallet was stolen.
3.没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
The teaching building was built in 2000.
被动语态的构成：
主语+be+过去分词+（by+动作执行者）+其他.
被动语态概述
规则动词的过去分词和过去式完全一致
动词的过去分词
教练，过去分词我没学好，再给我讲讲吧。
前面讲现在完成时的时候你就总是走神儿，这次可要记好了。
规则动词的过去分词和过去式完全一致
1. 一般在动词末尾加-ed
2. 以不发音e字母结尾的，加-d
3. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed
4. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed
动词的过去分词
记好了，
这是基本功。
动词的过去分词
什么都要我给你讲，自己不会多下点功夫吗？
不规则动词的过去分词在课本最后的表格里。
给你一周时间记熟，
不然离开国家队。
好像还有不规则变化的吧？
好吧，保证完成任务。
主动语态变为被动语态的方法：
第一步:将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语;
第二步:将主动语态的谓语改为“be+及物动词的过去分词”结构;
第三步:将主动语态的主语改为介词by的宾语,放在谓语之后(有时可省略)。
被动语态概述
People love volleyball.（主动变被动）
volleyball is loved by people.
主 谓 宾
PART 03
各个击破—各种时态的被动语态
被动语态大作战
一般现在时态的被动语态：
主语+ + 过去分词+（by+动作执行者）+其他
These boxes ______ for keeping the food clean and cool.
A.use
B.are used
C.have used
D.were using.
am
is
are
I clean the blackboard.
_______________________________________
2. My mother often washes clothes in the evening.
_______________________________________
3. My father seldom watches TV.
_______________________________________
基本功训练
I clean the blackboard.
2. My mother often washes the clothes in the evening
3. We often play football on the playground.
基本功训练
The blackboard is cleaned by me.
The clothes are often washed by my mother in the evening.
The football is often played by us on the playgound.
一般过去时态的被动语态：
主语+ was/were + 过去分词+（by+动作执行者）+其他 .
My grandmother said that the old house with a garden ______ 50 years ago.
A.built
B.had built
C.was built
D.is built
被动语态大作战
基本功训练
1.—Who is that little boy in the photo
—It's me. It ___________ when I was five.
A.was taken B.took C. is taken
2. A: The school has a long history.
B: Yes, it ________ more than l00 years ago.
A.built B.is built C.was built
3. McDonald's restaurants _________ in Crimea(克里米亚) by the company on Apr 4th, 2014.
A.closed B.are closed C.were closed
基本功训练
1.—Who is that little boy in the photo
—It's me. It ___________ when I was five.
A.was taken B.took C. is taken
2. A: The school has a long history.
B: Yes, it _____ more than l00 years ago.
A.built B.is built C.was built
3. McDonald's restaurants _________ in Crimea(克里米亚) by the company on Apr 4th, 2014.
A.closed B.are closed C.were closed
一般将来时态的被动语态：
主语+ will be + 过去分词+（by+动作执行者）+其他 .
—These plans are all suitable. I haven't decided which one to choose.
—It's OK. You ________ plenty of time to make a decision.
A.gave
B.give
C.will give
D.will be given
被动语态大作战
基本功训练
1. The meeting _______________ (hold) next month.
2. Jerry will ________ (send) to hospital in a few minutes.
3. A talk _______________ (give) by the headmaster this afternoon.
4. --- It's said that there is always something mysterious happening in the small mountain village.
--- I've heard of it. And it_______________(name) "Mystery Village" next year.
基本功训练
1. The meeting _______________ (hold) next month.
2. Jerry will ________ (send) to hospital in a few minutes.
3. A talk _______________ (give) by the headmaster this afternoon.
4. --- It's said that there is always something mysterious happening in the small mountain village.
--- I've heard of it. And it_______________(name) "Mystery Village" next year.
will be held
be sent
will be given
will be named
现在完成时的被动语态：
主语+ have/has+been+过去分词+（by+动作执行者）+其他 .
So far, most of the work _______ by others, it's your turn to do the rest of it.
A.has finished
B.finished
C.has been finished
D.is finished
被动语态大作战
基本功训练
1.--- Lily, will you go to Jenny's birthday party this Saturday
--- I'm not sure. Because I ______so far.
A.have invited B.wasn't invited
C.haven't been invited D.will be invited
2. — Will you attend the meeting this afternoon
— But I __________ anything about it yet.
A.wasn't told B.haven't been told
C.didn't tell D.won't tell
基本功训练
1.--- Lily, will you go to Jenny's birthday party this Saturday
--- I'm not sure. Because I______so far.
A.have invited B.wasn't invited
C.haven't been invited D.will be invited
2. — Will you attend the meeting this afternoon
— But I __________ anything about it yet.
A.wasn't told B.haven't been told
C.didn't tell D.won't tell
含有情态动词的被动语态：
主语+ 情态动词+be+过去分词+（by+动作执行者）+其他 .
---I don't think sixteen-year-olds _______ to drive.
---I agree. They aren't serious enough at that age. ( )
A. can allow
B.need be allowed
C. should allow
D.should be allowed
被动语态大作战
基本功训练
1. —I don't think sixteen-year-olds _______ to drive.
—I agree. They aren't serious enough at that age.
A. can allow B.need be allowed
C. should allow D.should be allowed
2. — How often do I need to feed the dog
— It ________ food every day, or it will be hungry.
A.must give B.must be give
C.must gave D.must be given
基本功训练
1. —I don't think sixteen-year-olds _______ to drive.
—I agree. They aren't serious enough at that age.
A. can allow B.need be allowed
C. should allow D.should be allowed
2. — How often do I need to feed the dog
— It ________ food every day, or it will be hungry.
A.must give B.must be give
C.must gave D.must be given
进行时态的被动语态：
主语+ +being+ 过去分词+（by+动作执行者）+其他 .
China's high-speed trains _________ and perfected now.
A.developed
B.have developed
C.are being developed
D.will have been developed
被动语态大作战
am/is/are
was/were
一般现在时：主语+am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时：主语+was/were+过去分词
一般将来时：主语+will+be+过去分词
现在完成时：主语+have/has+been+过去分词
含情态动词：主语+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词
现在进行时：主语+am/is/are+being +过去分词
过去进行时：主语+was/were+being+过去分词
重点总结
勇闯11关
1. Good books _______ again and again.
A.should be readed B.should be read
C.must read D.ought to read
2. The children _______ by the nurse.
A.were looked B.looked after
C.were looked after D.looked
3. He ____ some pieces of advice，but he _____ to them.
A.gave，didn't listen B.was given，wasn't listened
C.give，wasn't listened D.was given，didn't listen
4. When ______the accident______？
A.was，happen B.did，happen
C.is，happen D.was，happened
5. The question______ by us soon.
A.is going to discuss B.will discuss
C.is going to be discussed D.has been discussed
勇闯11关
6. The lab______ about five years ago.
A.was builded B.was built
C.builds D.has been built
7. A lot of tall buildings ____in his hometown in the last three years.
A. have set up B.have been set up
C.were set up D.set up
8. — I want to sit at the table near the window.
— Sorry , ______ already.
A. it took B. it takes
C. it is taking D. it has been taken
勇闯11关
9. Rice also in their hometown.
A. is.. grown B. is.. grew C. was. grew D. was.. grown
10. He by the teachers.
A. is always praised B. praises
C. have been praised D. always is praised
11. Great changes place. Many new schools .
A. have taken, have been opened
B. take, are open
C. are taken, open
D. have been taken, are opened
勇闯11关
参考答案
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. A
11. A
胜利凯旋
PART 04
处变不惊—特殊结构的被动语态
含有双宾语的被动语态：
He gave me a book.
→I a book by him.
→A book me by him.
被动语态大作战
含有双宾语的被动语态：
He gave me a book.
→I was given a book by him.
→A book was given to me by him.
类似用法的动词：
buy, give, leave, lend, pay, show, teach, tell, bring, pass, sell, send
如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
被动语态大作战
It's known/reported/said/believed（that）...
It's said that it will rain soon.
据说很快要下雨。
It's reported the presedent will visit China.
据报道总统将要访问中国。
It's believed the story is true.
众所周知这个故事是真实的。
被动语态的特殊句式
1. need, want, require（要求，需要）/ be worth（值得）
1）这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。
These young seedlings will need looking after.
2）这座古建筑需要修了。
The old building requires repairing.
3）这本书值得一读。
The book is worth reading.
主动结构表被动含义
2. 官系动词：look（看起来）/sound（听起来）/taste（尝起来）/feel（感觉起来）/smell（闻起来）
1）我们穿着制服很难看。
Uniforms look ugly on us.
2）月饼尝起来很好吃。
Moon cakes taste delicious.
注意：感官动词作系动词用时,没有被动语态，
作行为动词用时,有被动语态.。
主动结构表被动含义
3. sell, wash, write, read, clean, cook, break, catch, drive, lock, open等词作不及物动词时，主语为物。它们被用来描述主语特征，通常与well, easily, smoothly等副词连用。
1） 这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
2）这种样式的衬衫在这儿卖得很好。
This kind of shirt sells well here.
3）这种布料很容易清洗。
This kind of cloth washes easily.
主动结构表被动含义
【例题精讲】
Your hair wants ___________. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut
主动结构表被动含义
【例题精讲】
Your hair wants ___________. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut
【考点精析】选C. 本题考查主动结构表被动含义：
want/need/require doing= want/need/require to be done
根据句意“你的头发需要剪了。”hair和cut之间是被动关系，根据want主动表被动的用法，用cutting。
主动结构表被动含义
1. ---How do you like the material
---Very much. It _______soft and nice.
A. feels B. is felt C. is feeling D. felt
2. ---Do you like the new pen
---Yes. It __________ very well.
A. is written B. is writing C. wrote D. writes
课堂练习
1. ---How do you like the material
---Very much. It _______soft and nice.
A. feels B. is felt C. is feeling D. felt
2. ---Do you like the new pen
---Yes. It __________ very well.
A. is written B. is writing C. wrote D. writes
【答案】1. A 2.D
课堂练习
1.这种裤子卖的很好。
This kind of pants _____________well.
2.那个故事听起来很有趣。
That story ____________interesting.
3.那本小说值得读。
That novel is worth __________.
4.我的手表需要修理。
My watch needs _________.
课堂练习
1.这种裤子卖的很好。
This kind of pants _____________well.
2.那个故事听起来很有趣。
That story ____________interesting.
3.那本小说值得读。
That novel is worth __________.
4.我的手表需要修理。
My watch needs __________.
【答案】1. sells 2. sounds 3. reading 4. repairing
课堂练习
PART 05
随机应变—含to的被动语态短语
【例题精讲】
In the past the children were made ______15 hours a day.
A. to lock B. work
C. to work D. lock
含to的被动语态短语
【例题精讲】
In the past the children were made ______15 hours a day.
A. to lock B. work
C. to work D. lock
【考点精析】C.使役动词make sb. do结构变被动时要还原省略掉的to，即be made to do结构。
含to的被动语态短语
四看（look/see/watch/notice）三使（make/have/let）
两听（listen to/hear） 一感觉（feel）
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.
→ My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.
→ The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
变被动还原to：四看三使两听一感觉
主动变被动：
1. We often see him play football. ________________________________________.
2. The boss made his workers work 12 hours a day. ________________________________________.
3. I heard her sing an English song just now.
________________________________________.
4. I felt the ship roll.
________________________________________.
从零开始
主动变被动：
1. We often see him play football. ________________________________________.
2. The boss made his workers work 12 hours a day. ________________________________________.
3. I heard her sing an English song just now.
________________________________________.
4. I felt the ship roll.
________________________________________.
为下一场比赛准备着
He is often seen to play football.
The workers were made to work 12 hours a day by the boss.
She was heard to sing an English song just now.
The ship was felt to roll.
PART 06
赛后总结—备战中考，迎奥运
1.一般现在时：主语+__________________
2.一般过去时：主语+__________________
3.一般将来时：主语+__________________
4.现在完成时：主语+__________________
5.含情态动词：主语+__________________
6.现在进行时：主语+__________________
7.过去进行时：主语+__________________
8.双宾语的被动语态？
9.特殊句式的被动结构？
10.主动结构表被动意义
11.含to的被动语态短语
赛后总结
备战中考，迎奥运
教练，咱都11连胜了，
把人家都打怕了，以后没人和咱们玩了，怎么办呀？
没关系，到时候男足还会一家家的道歉，来而不往，非礼也！
同学们，加油哦，期待你中考获胜，再来为2020奥运会女排姑娘加油！