2022年中考英语复习--阅读理解之猜测词义题（共有PPT19张）

(共19张PPT)
专题十八 阅读理解
中考英语语法专题
本专题内容适用于7--9年级学生
本专题一般共需4课时
第三课时 阅读理解
一、猜测词义题解题要点
二、猜测词义题的常见的提问形式
三、巩固练习
同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。
反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。
释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
猜测词义型
情景推断法、代词替代法，构词法等
1）文中找线索或信息词;
2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；
3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。
一、做题要领
猜
测
词
义
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means/ could best be replaced by _____.
2. What do you think the expression “…” stands for
3. The underlined sentence “…” means ______. ......
4 By saying “……” we mean_______
5 “……” as used in the passage, can be best defined as _______.
二、猜测词义题的常见的提问形式
Most women in Ghana —— the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的).
Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate”
A. repeat B. reiterated
C. uneducated D. sick
1.反义词法和构词法
解 释
这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （educated）和没有受过教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对对反义词。因此选 C 项。
本题答案选C
2.情景推断法
Even a child knows that nodding(点头) the
head means" Yes". But some people will probably
be puzzled( 迷惑的)when they first come to India.
When they talk to an Indian, he often shakes his
head. They might think that the Indian does not
like what he said, but on the contrary, he is
expressing agreement.
The phrase" on the contrary" means_____.
A. 正相反 B. 总之 C. 与之相同 D. 在另一方面
1.Now we didn't know what to do. It was just too
late. We were busy with Christmas dinner and
packing children's presents, parents' presents. a
brother's present and friends' presents till
midnight. So there was no time to take to buy the
"right bike" for our little girl. Thinking that we were
parents who would make their child unhappy, we
felt guilty and sad.
The word "guilty" in the third paragraph means ______.
A. unhappy B. worried C. happy D. sorry
3.同义或近义词法
2.One evening last July, my old car broke down on a highway. It was an hour before sunset, and I was 25 miles from home. I couldn't reach anyone to pick me up, so I decided to take a bus.
In the first paragraph, "pick...up" best means ________.
A. take hold of and lift B. choose carefully
C. give someone a ride. D. hear or learn
If you've planted seeds(种子), you can expect too many plants to come out. You have to clear some away, so that the plants left will have room to grow. This is called thinning.
The Chinese for "thinning"(in the fourth paragraph) is "______".
A. 拔苗 B. 间苗 C. 除草 D. 育苗
4.释义法
1.Every December in London, the National Cage and Aviary Bird Show tries to find the best "talking" bird in the world. One bird named Prudle stood out among the "talking birds". She won this prize for 12 years from 1965 to 1976.
What dose the word "stand out" mean in this passage
A. 站出来 B. 飞起来 C. 脱颖而出 D. 取出来
Quiz Can you guess more
2.Plants must also have a place in which to put down their roots and grow. They find it difficult to grow on hard land. The town is built on hard land. The plants here have only the soil found between the cracks of the stones to grow in.
What does the underlined word "cracks" mean in the text
A. 缝隙 B. 表面 C. 夹层 D. 底部
3. There are three ways to cut down on trash.
One way is to recycle. ….
Another way to cut down on trash is to reuse things……
The third way to cut down on trash is to reduce the amount of trash you make, stop buying thing that you don’t need in the first place. That reduce the amount of the earth’s resources that you use.
The word “reduce” in the passage means
A 还原 B 减少 C 增加 D 降价
1.A professor from New York University once went to a remote area to do some science research. One day, he ate some thing wrong and became sick, but it was too far to go back to the city. “I have to see a doctor,” he said to a local. “How can I be sure of getting a good one ”
The word “remote” in the first sentence means ______.
A. 遥远的 B. 繁华的
C. 附近的 D. 城市的
真题演练
2.Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so
challenging for me because I was only ten years
old. During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed
the flowers and trees, and the birds’ singing, but as
time passed, I got a pain in both of my legs. I want
to quit climbing. In fact, I hated it at that moment, but
my father said to me, “You can always see a
beautiful sky at the top of the mountain, but you
can’t see it before you reach the top. Only there at
the top, can you see all of the nice things, just like
in life.”
The word “quit” in the passage means ____.
A. carry on B. put off
C. give up D. pick up
So, by the year 2300, there was so many people
that food became scarce. There was no water to
grow food and all of the fish in the lakes and seas
died because of pollution. Terrible wars broke out
between the rich and the poor. Science were
working very hard to find another planet in space
where humans could live.
What’s the meaning of “scarce” in the passage
A. 昂贵的 B.充足的
C.缺乏的 D. 特殊的
课时总结
1.根据定义，解释
2.根据定语从句
3.根据同义词、近义词、反义词关系
4.根据对比，因果关系
5.根据举的例子
6.根据重述表达
猜词义题解题思路
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