2021-2022学年上海奉贤区高一上学期12月评估测试英语试题
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. A teacher. B. A doctor. C. A policeman. D. A postman.
2. A. 4:00. B. 4:15. C. 4:45. D. 5:00.
3. A. The performance. B. The price. C. The seats. D. The lights.
4. A. 6 dollars. B. 16 dollars. C. 30 dollars. D. 60 dollars.
5. A. The man's watch is 5 minutes fast. B. The man's watch is 15 minutes fast.
C. The man's watch is 5 minutes slow. D. The man's watch is 15 minutes slow.
6. A. Learn how to drive. B. Teach her dad to drive.
C. Ask for a driving lesson. D. Take a driving test.
7. A. Egyptian. B. Greek. C. German. D. American.
8. A. Mother and son. B. Teacher and student. C. Teammates. D. Classmates.
9. A. Frank. B. Rude. C. Determined. D. Sensitive.
10. A. They will hold a furniture display. B. They will hold a lecture tonight.
C. They are short of chairs for the audience. D. They haven't prepared the lecture well.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. She had run a long way. B. She felt weak and tired in the subway.
C. She had done a lot of work. D. She had given blood the night before.
12. A. By lifting her to the platform to get others' help.
B. By moving her with the help of his girlfriend.
C. By holding her arm and pulling her along the ground.
D. By waking her up and dragging her away from the edge.
13. A. Danger in the subway. B. A subway rescue.
C. How to save people. D. A traffic accident.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. In 1815. B. In 1848. C. In 1850. D. In 1855.
15 A. High school education. B. Two-year study programs.
C. 100 education programs. D. Four-year college programs.
16. A. California has the most state colleges and universities in America.
B. California is a large city with more than 4, 000, 000 people.
C. California is the largest state in land area throughout America.
D. California has only a few high-technology companies.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Selling computers. B. Building railroads.
C. Teaching. D. Preaching.
18. A. She came to the US in the 1960s.
B. She had a great grandfather killed in a railroad accident.
C. She was a third-generation Mexican American.
D. She was born in the United States.
19. A. Because she has a lot of relatives in Spain.
B. Because she speaks it at home most of time.
C. Because she has just immigrated from Mexico.
D. Because she has learned the language at a college.
20. A. Learning to write Chinese. B. Consulting the woman about Spanish.
C. Working in China. D. Travelling with the woman in Mexico.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Norway is Teaching Travelers to Travel
After 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‘Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible’. Fjellvettreglene, the ‘mountain code’ ___1___ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment to assist yourself and others, ___2___(seek)shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.
Nationally, Norway ___3___ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. Trolltunga, a piece of rock, ___4___ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don’t care ____5____ the experience of the hike. They just want proof that they did it. ___6___ this tourism boom is good for the economy, it has become a threat to Norway’s natural environment.
____7____(use) toilet paper, abandoned bottles and plastic bags can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway’s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number of tourists hiking to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, “On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just ___8___(get) a picture. To control this, we’d like to regulate ___9___ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find ____10____ trapped here.”
【答案】1. that##which
2. seeking 3. has experienced
4. saw 5. about
6. Although##While##Though
7. Used 8. to get
9. how many
10. themselves
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了挪威在旅游业的一些做法。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：鼓励人们与自然保持健康和尊重的关系的“山脉代码”的Fjellvettreglene，已经成为挪威文化的重要组成部分。该空需要关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ‘mountain code’，并指代先行词在从句中做主语，可以用which/that.。故填that/which。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词之动名词。句意：它包括一些要点，比如带上必要的设备来帮助自己和他人，必要时寻求庇护，在转身时不感到羞耻。分析句子，该空需要动名词作such as的宾语与bringing，feeling并列。故填seeking。
【3题详解】
考查时态。句意：在全国范围内，挪威的旅游业在过去十年中增长了11%。时间状语in the past decade作时间状语，谓语动词使用现在完成时，主语 Norway第三人称单数。故填has experienced。
【4题详解】
考查时态。句意：巨魔之舌，一块岩石，仅2017年的一天就接待了1800名游客。时间状语in one 2017 day，位于动词see应使用一般过去时。故填saw。
【5题详解】
考查介词固定搭配。句意：很多人不关心徒步旅行的体验。固定短语care about表示“关心，在乎”，与下文的want呼应，符合题意。填about。
【6题详解】
考查状语从句连接词。句意：尽管旅游业的繁荣有利于经济发展，但它对挪威的自然环境却构成了威胁。分析句子可知，后面主句意义完整，该空缺连词引导让步状语从句，主从句为转折关系。故填Although/While/Though。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语之过去分词。句意：用过的厕纸，废弃的瓶子和塑料袋可以在巨人之舌周围找到。过去分词做定语修饰toilet paper表被动关系。故填Used。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。句意：在繁忙的一天，你可能要排一个半小时的队，只是为了拍张照片。分析句子该空所给动词get在句中做目的状语，指wait（等待）的目的，应使用动词不定式形式。故填to get。
【9题详解】
考查宾语从句连接词。句意：为了控制这一点，我们想要规定一天可以徒步旅行的人数。分析句子，该空需要填宾语从句的连接词，根据句意，想要控制来徒步的人数，不能无限制地来很多人。故填how many。
【10题详解】
考查代词。句意：徒步旅行的出发时间也应该有规定，这样人们就不会出发太晚以免发现自己被困在这里。主语people，谓语动词find缺少宾语，没给提示词，应填代词；人们来的晚的话会发现自己被困了，宾语与主语相同，所以宾语使用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
Vocabulary
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. suitable B. unfortunately C. worsen D. afford E. risk F. expensiveG. ideally H. provide I. solution J. remain K. concern
In recent weeks, many parents have realized the difficult truth about school this fall because of COVID-19. Hoping for a better ____11____, parents around U.S. have started organizing “pandemic (流行病) pods”, or home schooling pods, for the fall, in which groups of 3 to 10 students learn together in homes under the guidance of the children’s parents or a hired teacher.
For parents who can organize and ____12____ them, pods seem like an easy choice. “I don’t believe that the online courses for that age group are ____13____. Kids at this age really need that multimodal sensory learning (多模式感官学习).” one parent said.
These pods could ____14____ families with a schooling choice that feels safe—yet also allows kids to have fun and build social skills. However, it also has unavoidable shortcomings.
Depending on how the pods are set up, they may offer parents break. But given that pods can be ____15____, complicated to organize and self-selecting, it is possible that they are most popular among wealthy families, experts say, and may ____16____ educational inequality.
Another ____17____ about pods is that families may not know how to minimize Covid risks. Pods shouldn’t have more than five kids ____18____, said Saskia Popescu, an infection prevention expert. When you add together the teacher and all of the kids’ family members, a seemingly small pod ends up including dozens of people, and the more people in it, the greater the ____19____ for coronavirus exposure (接触). Furthermore, families in learning pods shouldn’t socialize with people outside the pod unless they wear masks and _____20_____ socially distant, Dr. Popescu said. Pods should have clear rules on wearing masks and washing hands.
【答案】11. I. solution
12. D. afford
13. A. suitable
14. H. provide
15. F. expensive
16. C. worsen
17. K. concern
18. G. ideally
19. E. risk
20. J. remain
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新冠肺炎流行期间，一些家长建立学习小组，组织孩子在家接受教育。同时这种模式也带来了一些问题。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：为了找到一个更好的解决办法，美国各地的家长们已经开始建立学习小组，为秋季做准备。在小屋里，让3到10个学生在孩子的父母或者雇佣的老师的指导下在家里一起学习。根据空格前的不定冠词a，可知此处为名词，根据“parents around U.S. have started organizing “pandemic (流行病) pods”, or home schooling pods”可知，为了找到一个更好的解决办法，美国各地的家长们已经开始组织“流行病小屋”，或者家庭教育小屋，所以此处表达solution“方法”为可数名词，a better solution作介词for的宾语。故填I项。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：对于那些能够组织起来并负担得起的父母来说，学习小组似乎是一个简单的选择。分析句子可知，空格处和organize并列，需填动词，afford“负担得起”为动词，符合句意。故选D项。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我认为网络课程对这个年龄组的孩子是不合适的。分析句子可知，空格处为动词be的表语，根据“Kids at this age really need that multimodal sensory learning (多模式感官学习).” one parent said.”可知，网络课程对这个年龄组的孩子是不合适的。所以此处用suitable“合适的”为形容词，作表语。故选A项。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：这些学习小组可以为家庭提供安全的教育选择——同时也让孩子们玩得开心，培养社交技能。情态动词could后接动词原形，provide“提供”为动词，provide sb with sth，提供给某人某物，和could一起构成复合谓语，符合句意。故选H项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但专家表示，考虑到学习小组教育的昂贵、组织和自选过程复杂，它们可能在富裕家庭中最受欢迎，并可能加剧教育不平等。动词be后需要接表语，expensive“昂贵的”为形容词，作表语，符合句意。故选F项。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意：同5题。情态动词may后需要接动词原形，根据“it is possible that they are most popular among wealthy families, ”可知，加剧了教育的不平等。所以worsen“使更糟糕”为动词，和may一起构成复合谓语，符合句意。故选C项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：关于学习小组教育另一个担忧是，家庭可能不知道如何最小化新冠肺炎的风险。another“又一；另一”此处为形容词，后面需要接名词，concern “担忧”为名词，符合句意。故选K项。
【18题详解】
考查副词。句意：传染病预防专家Saskia Popescu,说，小屋最好不要超过五个孩子。ideally“理想地；最好地”为副词，修饰整句，符合句意。故选G项。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：当你把老师和所有孩子的家庭成员加在一起，一个看起来很小的学习小组最终包含了几十个人，而且里面的人越多，感染冠状病毒的风险就越大。根据定冠词the可知空格处为名词，根据“the more people in it”可知，越多，感染冠状病毒的风险就越大。risk“风险”为名词，符合句意。故选E项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：此外，Dr. Popescu说，在学习小组的家庭不应该与屋外的人交往，除非他们戴上面具，并保持社交距离。根据连词and可知空格处与前文wear masks并列，应填动词。remain“保持”为系动词，remain socially distant意为“保持社交距离”，符合句意。故选J项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
For most people, the longest relationship they will have is with their sibling（兄弟姐妹）. It’s a shame, then, that we can’t choose them. As children, my younger sister and I were always ____21____with each other. I was jealous of her looks and she felt threatened by my academic success. But our rivalry（竞争）was ____22____compared to that of some famous siblings.
Take 1940s movie stars Olivia de Havilland and Joan Fontaine. The competitive relationship between these sisters is the stuff of Hollywood legend. “I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did. And if I die first, she will _____23_____be angry because I beat her to it,” Joan wrote in her autobiography. Their rivalry became very ____24____in 1946 when Olivia won an Oscar. Joan was asked to present the award but Olivia refused to even shake her hand. “They just don’t have much in common,”, commented on person at the time.
But it’s not just in ____25____business where siblings fall out. Entrepreneurs Rudolf and Adolf Dassler started making sports shoes in the small German town of Herzogenaurach in the 1920s. Their factory south of the river became very successful but they were always very ____26____. Adolf, or Adi, was a quiet craftsman while Rudolf was “a loud-mouthed salesman”. ___27___in 1948, the brothers fell out permanently. Rudolf moved across the river and set up a rival sports-shoe company, which he called Puma. ____28____, Adi used the first letters of his name and surname to create his brand—Adidas.
The brothers never spoke to each other again and their rivalry ___29___the town. The residents wore either Adidas or Puma and would sometimes refuse to _____30_____each other. It became a place where you always looked at the ______31______someone was wearing before starting a conversation. The brothers died in the 1970s and were buried in the same cemetery—at opposite ends.
But not all successful siblings ____32____each other. Top tennis players Serena and Venus Williams have played each other in over 20 major tennis tournament finals, but have always remained the best friends. They played doubles together, lived together, and even had breakfast before these big matches.’ We leave everything on the ____33____.’ Serena once said. ‘We’re sisters the moment we shake hands at the net.’
So, now that we are adults, have my sister and i learnt to be more like the William sisters and less like the Gallaghers Well, I’d love to say “Yes” but the _____34_____answer is “not always”. I still hate seeing photos of us together because I still feel inferior to her. But our rivalry is not as bad as it used to be, and if I feel really jealous, I remind myself: _____35_____fades but a sister is for life!
21. A. competing B. dealing C. communicating D. agreeing
22. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
23. A. sadly B. undoubtedly C. actively D. negatively
24. A. passionate B. public C. unreasonable D. fierce
25. A. show B. family C. manufacture D. trade
26. A. familiar B. friendly C. different D. positive
27. A. Otherwise B. Meanwhile C. Additionally D. Eventually
28. A. Above all B. By comparison C. In response D. On the whole
29. A. livened B. seized C. divided D. neglected
30. A. mix with B. take on C. look after D. set up
31. A. shoes B. clothes C. glasses D. watches
32. A. like B. hate C. ignore D. value
33. A. issue B. surface C. memory D. court
34. A. designed B. easy C. truthful D. acceptable
35. A. fame B. beauty C. difference D. dream
【答案】21 A 22. D 23. B 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过举例论述了兄弟姐妹之间的竞争或友好关系，并希望兄弟姐妹之间建立良好的关系。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨听。句意：小时候，我和我的妹妹总是互相竞争。 A. competing竞争；B. dealing交易； C. communicating交流；D. agreeing同意。根据后文“I was jealous of her looks and she felt threatened by my academical success.”以及“our rivalry”可知，这里指姐妹之间的“竞争”。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：但我们的竞争与一些著名的兄弟姐妹相比，根本不算什么。 A. anything任何东西；B. something某些东西；C. everything一切东西；D. nothing什么都没有。根据语境以及后文 “The competitive relationship between these sisters is famous in Hollywood .”可知，作者认为自己姐妹之间的竞争和著名人物相比不算什么。故选 D 项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句息：如果我先死，她必定会因为我打败了她而生气的。 A. sadly伤心地；B. undoubtedly毋庸置疑地，必定；C. actively积极主动地；D. negatively消极地。根据语境及后文 “because I beat her to it”可知，她们姐妹之间竞争非常激烈，她肯定会因为被打败而生气的。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：1946年，奥维亚获得奥斯卡奖，两人的竞争公开化。 A. passionate热情的；B. public公众的，公开的；C. unreasonable不合理的；D. fierce激烈的。根据后文 “Joan was asked to present the award but Olivia refused to even shake her hand.”可知，在颁奖的公众场合她们不合作，可见她们的竟争公开化了。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨折。句意：但不仅仅是在演艺圈，兄弟姐妹会闹翻。A. show演出；B. family家庭；C. manufacture制造业；D. trade贸易。根据前文第二段中“—Take 1940s movie star Olivia de Havilland and Joan Fontaine as an example.”可知，这里指“演艺圈”。故选 A 项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们在河南边的工厂非常成功，但他们总是不相同的。 A. familiar熟悉的；B. friendly友好的；C. different不同的；D. positive积极的。根据后文“Adolf, or Adi, was a quiet craftsman while Rudolf was “a loud-mouthed salesman”.”可知，他们很不相同。故选C 项。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，在1948年，兄弟俩永久地闹翻了。A. Otherwise否则；B. Meanwhile同时；C. Additionally另外；D. Eventually最终。根据语境和事情的发展以及后文 “Rudolf moved across the river and set up a rival sports-shoe company, which he called Puma.”等内容可知，最终他们兄弟俩闹翻了。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意：作为回应，阿迪用自己名字和姓氏的首字母创建了自己的品牌——阿迪达斯。 A. Above all最重要的是；B. By comparison通过比较； C. In respons作为回应；D. On the whole总而言之。根据上文“Rudolf moved across the river and set up a rival sports-shoe company, which he called Puma.”以及后文“Adi used the first letters of his name and surname to create his brand—Adidas.”可知，阿迪所做的是为了回应鲁道夫的分裂行为。故选 C 项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义解析。句意：兄弟俩再也没说过话，他们的敌对使镇上的人分裂了。A. livened使活跃；B. seized抓住；C. divided分开；D. neglected忽视。根据后文“The residents wore either Adidas or Puma and would sometimes refuse to ____10____each other.”可知，他们兄弟的敌对导致了镇上人的分裂。故选C项
【30题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些居民要么穿着阿迪达斯，要么穿着彪马。有时拒绝相互混在一起。 A. mix with与......混合；B. take on承担，呈现；C. look after照顾；D. set up建立。根据语境以及前文“The residents wore either Adidas or Puma ”可知，居民们要么穿哥哥的品牌，要么穿弟弟的品牌，甚至会拒绝两个品牌混在一起。故选 A 项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：镇子变成了这么一个地方，在开始交谈之前，你总是先看看别人穿的鞋。 A. shoes鞋；B. clothes衣服；C. glasses眼镜；D. watches手表。根据前文第三段中“Entrepreneurs Rudolf and Adolf Dassler started making sports shoes in the small German town of Herzogenaurach in the 1920s.”可知，他们生产鞋，所以镇上的人们会看看别人穿的鞋，了解别人是支持兄弟中的哪一个。故选 A 项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但并不是所有成功的兄弟姐妹都讨厌对方。 A. like喜欢；B. hate僧恨，讨厌； C. ignore忽视；D. value珍视。根据句首连词“But”的语义转折以及后文“Top tennis players Serena and Venus Williams have played each other in over 20 major tennis tournament finals, but have always remained the best friends.”所举事例可知，并不是所有成功的兄弟姐妹都讨厌对方。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们把一切都留在球场上。A. issue问题；B. surface表面；C. memory回忆；D. court （网球等的）球场。根据前文“Top tennis players Serena and Venus Williams have played each other in over 20 major tennis tournament finals, but have always remained the best friends.”可知，她们是网球运动员，这里指网球场。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：嗯，我很想说是的，但真实的答案“不总是”。 A. designed设计的；B. easy容易的；C. truthful真实的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据前文“yes”以及后文“not always”可知，作者希望姐妹之间是友好的，但是事实和希望并不完全一致，这里指“真实的”答案。故选 C 项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我们的竞争已经不像以前那么激烈了，如果我真的妒忌了，我就会提醒自己：美貌会消失的，姐妹是一辈子的！A. fame 名声；B. beauty 美丽；C. difference 差异；D. dream 梦想。根据常识及前文“I was jealous of her looks”可知，此处指美貌会消失的。故选 B 项。
Section B
Directions：Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Our youngest daughter can be stubborn about receiving gifts, and I told her so.
“Where do you think I get it from ” she asked.
“I’m not stubborn when it comes to receiving gifts,” I said. “I used to be but not now.”
She has a birthday coming up and we want to get her some new cowboy boots.
Cowboy boots aren’t cheap, but we want to do something special and get her something she could use and enjoy for years to come.
But my daughter is pushing back, saying she’s happy with her current boots-which are old and worn-out.
I push back, she pushes back, and we become locked in a mother-daughter match over stubbornness and how much is too much to spend on a special gift.
She thinks my husband and I do too much for her. I used to think the same thing about my parents—my parents weren’t rich, but they were generous.
They kept saying they enjoyed giving me gifts, but all I could think about was how much money they were wasting on me.
Years ago, I mentioned to a friend that I thought my mother overdid it when it came to buying gifts for her children.
My friend, closer to my mothers age than mine, looked at me and said, “Who are you to tell your mother what she can do ”
I wanted to argue with her, but I didn’t. I didn’t fully understand it then but I understand it now—now that I’m a grandmother myself.
The longer you live, the more you see how often things go wrong.
Marriages fail, friendships break down， family members become estranged, and accidents and illnesses cut lives short.
There is a brokenness that fills many of our lives.
So, when you see life going well, families working hard and growing strong, you want to celebrate.
It took a lot of time for me to understand that giving is an expression of joy, as much as it is an expression of love, understand where my daughter is coming from, but I also understand where my parents were coming from—a place of pure and simple joy celebrating those moments when life goes well.
36. Why did the author’s daughter try to refuse her mom’s gift
A. She had many boots to wear.
B. She wanted something else for her birthday.
C. She didn’t like the style of the boots.
D. She didn’t want her mom to spend too much money.
37. The author began to understand her parents’ behavior after she ________.
A. listened to her friends’ advice
B. experienced brokenness in life
C. communicated with her husband
D. received gifts from other family members
38. The underlined word “estranged” most probably means “________”.
A. lonely B. distant C. joyful D. complete
39. What does the author think about gift giving
A. It is the best way to express our love to others.
B. It is an expression of hope for the future.
C. It is a way to show our joy when life is going well.
D. It is a way for people to escape bad things in life.
【答案】36. D 37. B 38. B 39. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过给女儿送礼物以及通过生活中经历的一些不幸的事情使得作者明白了：送礼物是一种幸福的表达，是一种爱的表达，也是一种庆祝生活顺利的时刻的方式。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章中“But my daughter is pushing back, saying she’s happy with her current boots-which are old and worn-out.”（但是我的女儿反对，她说她很满意她现在的靴子——这双鞋子是旧的和坏的。）和“...how much is too much to spend on a special gift.She thinks my husband and I do too much for her.”（我们陷入了挣扎，要花多少钱去买特殊的礼物。她认为我和我丈夫为她做的太多了。）可以推测出，女儿拒绝妈妈的礼物是不想让妈妈花太多的钱。故选D。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章中“I wanted to argue with her, but I didn’t. I didn’t fully understand it then but I understand it now—now that I’m a grandmother myself. The longer you live, the more you see how often things go wrong.”（我想和她争论，但我没有。我当时并不完全理解，但现在我明白了——现在我自己也是个祖母了。你活得越久，就越能看到事情出错的频率。）和“There is a brokenness that fills many of our lives. So, when you see life going well, families working hard and growing strong, you want to celebrate.”（我们很多人的生活中都充满了破碎。所以，当你看到生活过得很好，家人努力工作、茁壮成长时，你就会想庆祝一下。）由此判断出，作者在经历了生活的破碎之后，才开始理解父母的行为。故选B。
【38题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子Marriages fail, friendships break down ，family members become estranged, and accidents and illnesses cut lives short.可知，婚姻失败，友谊破裂，事故和疾病缩短了生命。由此可知，生活中出现了一系列的裂痕，所以推断出家庭成员的关系疏远了。故estranged意为“疏远”。故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“So, when you see life going well, families working hard and growing strong, you want to celebrate.”（所以，当你看到生活过得很好，家人努力工作、茁壮成长时，你就会想庆祝一下。）根据最后一段“ ...place of pure and simple joy celebrating those moments when life goes well.”可知，给与礼物是一个纯粹而简单的欢乐之地，庆祝生活顺利的时刻。所以作者认为给予礼物是是在生活顺利时表达我们快乐的一种方式。故选C。
(B)
For years, the Empire State Building in New York was recognized as the tallest building in the world, but in recent decades, many much higher structures have been built. Read on to learn more about four of the tallest skyscrapers existing today.
● Buri Khalifa
Buri Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, is currently the tallest building in the world. The tower is part of a new development built on a man-made lake. Burj Khalifa has a distinctive shape so that the windows look out onto the Persian Gulf. A 304-room hotel occupies the lower floors and there is an observation deck on the 124th floor. The top floor is home to a private VIP club, closed to anyone except members.
● Shanghai World Financial Centre
This skyscraper has the highest observation deck in the world, although the building itself is no longer the tallest. Construction stopped between 1998 and 2003 because of the Asian financial crisis, but it was eventually finished in 2008. The most distinctive feature in its design is the geometric opening at the top of the tower.
● International Commerce Centre
This skyscraper in Hong Kong stands on top of Kowloon Station, which gave its name to the original proposal for the building. The tower is not as high as in earlier plans because of regulations that prevented buildings from being taller than the surrounding mountains. A five-star hotel occupies the upper fifteen floors of the building. There is an observation deck on the 100th floor and a number of five-star restaurants on the 101st floor.
● Petronas Tower
These towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, are the tallest twin buildings in the world. They were built on the site of the city’s horse-racing tracking and an exclusive shopping centre is located at the base. The towers are connected by a sky bridge on the 41st and 42nd floors, which is the highest two-storey bridge in the world. It is open to the public, but only a limited number of free tickets are given out each day, and visitors are allowed no more than ten minutes on the bridge.
40. In which two buildings can you book a room
A. Buri Khalifa and Shanghai World Financial Centre.
B. International Commerce Centre and Petronas Towers.
C. Burj Khalifa and International Commerce Centre.
D. Petronas Towers and Burj Khalifa.
41. ________ is/are shorter than it/they was/were designed to be.
A. Burj Khalifa
B. Shanghai World Financial Centre
C. Petronas Towers
D. International Commerce Centre
42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true
A. Shanghai World Financial Centre took longer to complete than planned.
B. Visitors have to pay to stay on the two-storey bridge in Petronas Towers.
C. International Commerce Centre is named after its investor.
D. The top floor of Buri Khalifa is accessible to everyone.
【答案】40. C 41. D 42. A
【解析】
【分析】本文属于说明文。短文介绍了现存的四座最高的摩天大楼。
【详解】1.细节理解题。本题干的关键词“book a room”，根据第一个黑体字“Buri Khalifa”哈利法塔，结合下文中的“A 304-room hotel occupies the lower floors and there is an observation deck on the 124th floor. ”一家有304个房间的酒店位于较低的楼层，124楼有一个观景台。可知，在哈利法塔的较低楼层有一家拥有304个房间的酒店，这里你可以预订房间；结合“ International Commerce Centre”环球贸易广场，下文中“A five-star hotel occupies the upper fifteen floors of the building. There is an observation deck on the 100th floor and a number of five-star restaurants on the 101st floor.”一家五星级酒店占据了大楼的最高十五层。100楼有一个观景台，101楼有几家五星级餐厅。可知，环球贸易广场有一座五星级酒店，综上，可以预定房间的地方是Buri Khalifa和International Commerce Centre。选项C符合文意。故选C。
2.细节理解题。根据第三个黑体字“International Commerce Centre”下中的“The tower is not as high as in earlier plans because of regulations that prevented buildings from being taller than the surrounding mountains.”由于规定不允许建筑物高于周围的群山，这座大楼没有以前设计的那么高。据此可知，International Commerce Centre比设计的高度要低，选项D符合文意。故选D。
3.细节理解题。根据第二个黑体字“Shanghai World Financial Centre”中的“Construction stopped between 1998 and 2003 because of the Asian financial crisis, but it was eventually finished in 2008. ”由于亚洲金融危机，建筑工程在1998年至2003年间停工，但最终在2008年竣工。据此可知，上海环球金融中心的建筑工程因为金融危机停了5年，竣工时间最终在2008年完成。这比原预定的时间要晚，也就是比计划完成的时间长。选项A符合文意。根据最后一段中“ The towers are connected by a sky bridge on the 41st and 42nd floors, which is the highest two-storey bridge in the world. It is open to the public, but only a limited number of free tickets are given out each day, and visitors are allowed no more than ten minutes on the bridge.”塔楼由41楼和42楼的空中桥连接，这是世界上最高的两层桥。它对公众开放，但每天只发放有限的免费门票，游客在桥上的停留时间不得超过10分钟。据此可知，参观两层桥时，游客可持有限的免费门票，在桥上的停留时间不得超过10分钟。选项B和文意不符；结合第四段中“This skyscraper in Hong Kong stands on top of Kowloon Station, which gave its name to the original proposal for the building. ”这座香港的摩天大楼（环球贸易广场）坐落在九龙站的顶端，九龙站就是以它的名字命名的。讲述了九龙站的名字的来历，选项C提到说环球贸易广场是以其投资者命名的。文中并未提及；结合第一个黑体字“Buri Khalifa”中“The top floor is home to a private VIP club, closed to anyone except members.”顶层是私人贵宾俱乐部所在地，除了会员，不对任何人开放。选项D说哈利法塔的顶层对所有人开放和文意不符。故选A。
(C)
Are we getting more stupid According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are.
You may not want to hear this, but Crabtree believes that human intelligence reached its peak more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then has been going downhill. “If an average Greek from 1,000 BC were transported to modern times, he or she would be one of the brightest among us,” Crabtree told The Guardian.
At the heart of Crabtree’s thinking is a simple idea. In the past, intelligence was critical for survival when our ancestors had to avoid dangerous animals and hunt for food. The difference of being smart or stupid is often life or death. However, after the spread of agriculture when our ancestors began to live in dense farming communities, the need to keep their intelligence in peak-condition gradually reduced.
This is not hard to understand. Most of the time, pressure is what keeps us going—you need the pressure from your teachers to finish your homework the pressure of looking pretty encourages you to lose weight when summer comes. And the same is also true of our intelligence-if we think less, we become less smart.
These mutations (变异) are harmful to our intelligence and they were all developed in the past 3,000 years. The other evidence that Crabtree holds is in our genes. He found that among the 2,000 to 5,000 genes that we have that determine human intelligence, there are two or more mutations in each of us.
However, Crabtree’s theory has been criticized by some who say that early humans may have better hunting and surviving abilities, but people today have developed more diverse intelligence. For example, spearing (用矛刺) a tiger doesn’t necessarily require more brainpower than playing chess or writing a poem. Moreover, the power of modem education means lot more people have the opportunity to learn nowadays.
“You wouldn’t get Stephen Hawking 2,000 years ago. He just wouldn’t exist,” Thomas Hills of the University of Warwick, UK, told Live Science. “But now we have people of his intellectual capacity doing things and making insights (洞察力) that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation (进化适应).”
43. What is Crabtree’s recent finding according to the article
A. The Greeks from 1,000 BC could have been the smartest in human history.
B. Our ancient ancestors had no better surviving abilities than we do nowadays.
C. Mutations in genes that decide human intelligence have affected the development of intelligence.
D. Humans have been getting steadily more intelligent since the invention of farming.
44. According to Crabtree, ancient humans ________.
A. had much more genes that determine human Intelligence
B. were forced to be smart due to natural selection pressures
C. relied more on group intelligence than individual intelligence
D. developed a diverse intelligence to adapt to the hard realities
45. Some argue that Crabtree’s theory is false because they think ________.
A. people today are under much more pressure than early humans
B. it’s unreasonable to compare hunter’s and a poet’s intelligence
C. modern education is far more advanced than ancient education
D. human intelligence nowadays is different from that of the distant past
46. What is Thomas Hill’s attitude toward Crabtree’s theory
A. He is for Crabtree’s theory.
B. He is against Crabtree’s theory.
C. He is worried about Crabtree’s theory.
D. He is confused about Crabtree’s theory.
【答案】43. C 44. B 45. D 46. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了，Crabtree研究发现，现在人没有以前聪明，因为决定人们基因的变异影响了智力的发展，但这个观点引起了争论。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段“These mutations (变异) are harmful to our intelligence and they were all developed in the past 3,000 years. The other evidence that Crabtree holds is in our genes. He found that among the 2,000 to 5,000 genes that we have that determine human intelligence, there are two or more mutations in each of us.（这些变异对我们的智力有害，它们都是在过去3000年中发展起来的。Crabtree持有的另一个证据是我们的基因。他发现，在2000到5000个决定人类智力的基因中，每个人都有两个或更多的突变）”，可知变异对智力有害，决定人类智力的基因发生了变异，可得出Crabtree研究发现，决定人类智力的基因突变影响了智力的发展。故选C项。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。由第三段中的“In the past, intelligence was critical for survival when our ancestors had to avoid dangerous animals and hunt for food. The difference of being smart or stupid is often life or death.（在过去，当我们的祖先不得不避开危险的动物和猎食时，智力对生存至关重要。聪明与愚蠢的区别往往是生与死）”，可知古人不聪明，就会面临死亡，因此古人在自然选择的压力下而被迫变得聪明。故选B项。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“However, Crabtree’s theory has been criticized by some who say that early humans may have better hunting and surviving abilities, but people today have developed more diverse intelligence.（然而，Crabtree的理论受到了一些人的批评，他们说早期的人类可能有更好的狩猎和生存能力，但是今天的人们已经发展出了更加多样化的智力）”，可知反对的人认为古人有更好的狩猎和生存能力，现代人有更加多样化的智力，现在人类的智力与遥远过去的人类智力不同。故选D项。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段““You wouldn’t get Stephen Hawking 2,000 years ago. He just wouldn’t exist,” Thomas Hills of the University of Warwick, UK, told Live Science. “But now we have people of his intellectual capacity doing things and making insights (洞察力) that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation (进化适应).”（“你不会在2000年前得到斯蒂芬·霍金。他根本不可能存在，”英国沃里克大学的Thomas Hills告诉《现场科学》。“但现在我们有了他这样的智商，在我们进化适应的环境中，我们永远也做不到的事情和见解。”）”，可知在遥远的过去，如斯蒂芬·霍金这样智力卓越的人是不可能出现的，今天有了这样智商的人，说明Thomas Hills对Crabtree研究发现“现在人没有以前聪明，因为决定人们基因的变异影响了智力的发展”观点持反对态度。故选B项。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Designer Dolls Become Desirable Collectables
Kan Hui, senior stage set designer based in Beijing, stands in front of vending machine (自动售货机) in a shopping center. She feeds in the money and a paper box rolls out. ____47____ Dolls are not just toys for little girls any more. They have become desirable collectables for many young Chinese under the age of thirty.
Molly, a little girl with curly hair, wide eyes and pouting lips, is one of the best-selling dolls in China. Each Molly sells for 59 yuan and there are over one hundred editions of the doll in different series. For doll fans, it is an affordable way to build an “art” collection.
In fact, what has made collecting designer dolls a new phenomenon is the concept of a “blind box”. As the name implies, consumers have no idea which specific doll from a series they will get until they open the box. ____48____ Over 400 million Molly dolls are reported to have been sold throughout the country last year!
___49___ Psychologists say that collectors are trying to bring some order and meaning to their lives. That may be true, but I think they do it just because it is fun and sometimes educational. I have a friend who collects beer bottles. He does not recycle them for money. Instead, he has them lined up in neat rows on shelves, and over 200 of them are from more than 30 different countries—a good way to learn about geography.
Collecting Molly dolls is probably fad (一时的风尚) that will be replaced by another one eventually. ___50___
A. The uncertainty about the product has undoubtedly increased sales of these dolls.
B. Designer dolls satisfy the spiritual needs of young Chinese consumers.
C. She can hardly wait to open the box and is excited to discover inside limited-edition (限量版) Molly doll.
D. However, it will definitely give the pleasure you want, and enjoy collecting it.
E. The small toys fit in the palm of your hand and come dressed in cute costumes.
F. Have you ever wondered why people build a collection of things
【答案】47. C 48. A 49. F 50. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莫莉玩偶“盲盒”这种销售模式以及中国的年轻人对收集莫莉玩偶的钟爱。
【47题详解】
根据空前的“She feeds in the money and a paper box rolls out.”可知，她把钱投进去，一个纸盒就滚了出来，此处承接上文，讲的是关于纸盒滚出来之后的事情，C项中的the box与空前的a paper box相对应，She 与She 相一致，C项（她迫不及待地打开盒子，兴奋地发现里面有一个限量版的莫莉玩偶）符合语境，故选C。
【48题详解】
根据空前的“As the name implies, consumers have no idea which specific doll from a series they will get until they open the box.”可知，顾名思义，消费者在打开盒子之前都不知道会从一个系列中得到哪个特定的玩偶，再根据空后的“Over 400 million Molly dolls are reported to have been sold throughout the country last year!”可知，据报道，去年全国共售出超过4亿只莫莉玩偶，此处需要一个过渡句，承上启下，纪要对应空前的这种“盲盒”的销售模式，又要引出空后的巨大的销量，A项中的uncertainty 对应空前的have no ide， undoubtedly increased sales对应空后的Over 400 million ，A项（产品的不确定性无疑增加了这些玩偶的销售）符合语境，故选A。
【49题详解】
根据空后的“Psychologists say that collectors are trying to bring some order and meaning to their lives.”可知，心理学家说收藏者试图给他们的生活带来秩序和意义，这是在解释人们收藏东西的原因，空后的say 是对F项中why的解释，collectors也与F项中的collection相一致，空后的F项（你有没有想过为什么人们会收集东西 ）符合语境，故选F。
【50题详解】
根据空前的“Collecting Molly dolls is probably fad (一时的风尚) that will be replaced by another one eventually.”可知，收集莫莉玩偶可能是一种时尚，最终会被另一个取代，结合上文年轻人对莫莉玩偶的钟爱可知此处与上文语意上发生转折，肯定莫莉玩偶给年轻收藏者们带来的快乐，D项（然而，它肯定会给你带来你想要的快乐，并享受收集它的乐趣）符合语境，故选D。
IV. Blank-filling
Directions: Fill in the blanks with phrases in their proper forms in the box. Each phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one phrase more than you need.
give away；involve ....in；sing the praise of；be relevant to take on；show up；leave behind；refer to
51. The only reason that he _________for his success yesterday was that he always worked hard.
52. By opening a novel, I can ________my burdens and enter a mysterious world where I’m a character.
53 We didn’t expect the professor _____________at the conference.
54. All the people who ___________the accident were questioned by the police.
55. It is generally believed that being an adult involves ___________more responsibilities.
56. On the day after his first performance in London, all the newspapers _______________the new young actor.
57. The millionaire ___________his collections for free, which amazed the whole world.
【答案】51. referred to
52. leave behind
53. to show up
54. were involved in
55. taking on
56. sang the praise of
57. gave away
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：他昨天提到他成功的唯一原因是他一直努力工作。结合句意可知短语refer to“提及”符合句意，根据时间状语yesterday可知，此处要使用一般过去时，故填referred to。
【52题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：通过打开一本小说，我可以放下我的负担，进入一个神秘的世界，在那里我是一个角色。结合句意可知，短语leave behind“抛开”符合题意，分析句子结构可知，情态动词后要使用动词原形，故填leave behind。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我们没想到教授会出席会议。结合句意可知，短语show up“到场，出席”符合题意，短语expect sb. to do sth.“期待某人做某事”，故填to show up。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：所有设计这次事故的人都受到了警方的讯问。结合句意，可知短语be involved in“涉及”符合题意，根据下文时态可知，陈述过去的事情要使用一般过去时，且主语为复数，故填were involved in。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：人们普遍认为，成人意味着承担更多的责任。结合句意可知，短语take on“承担”符合题意，短语involve doing sth“涉及做某事”，故填taking on。
【56题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：在他首次在伦敦演出的第二天，所有的报纸都对这位新来的年轻演员赞不绝口。结合句意可知，短语sing the praise of“赞美”符合题意，陈述故去的事情要使用一般过去时，故填sang the praise of。
【57题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这位百万富翁免费捐赠了他的收藏品，这使全世界震惊。结合句意可知，短语give away“捐赠”符合题意，根据下文时态可知，陈述过去的事情要使用一般过去时，故填gave away。
V. Verb-filling
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms in the box.
58 The book has been well-received since it ________ (come) on the market in 2019. （所给单词适当形式填空）
【答案】came
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这本书自2019年上市以来深受欢迎。since引导的从句中有明显的时间状语时，主句通常用现在完成时，而从句用一般过去时。故填came。
59. He _______ (fly) over the Atlantic this time tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will be flying
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：明天的这个时候他正飞越大西洋。根据“this time tomorrow”可知，设空处应用将来进行时，故填will be flying。
60. — Were you surprised by the ending of the film
— No, I ______（read）the book, so I already knew the story. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had read
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：——你对电影的结局感到惊讶吗 ——不，我读过这本书，所以我已经知道这个故事了。表示在Were surprised之前发生的事情，是过去对过去造成的影响，用过去完成时。故填had read。
61. We went to the supermarket to do some shopping. only to be told that it ______（decorate）(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】was being decorated
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查时态及语态。句意：我们去超市买东西，结果被告知正在装修。分析句子并根据went可知，空处应使用过去进行时，表示“过去正在做某事”。由于decorate与所修饰词it之间是被动关系，应使用过去进行时的被动语态was/were being done。it之后应使用was。故填was being decorated。
62. By the end of 2021, several other metro lines ______. （complete）(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will have been completed
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查时态及语态。句意：到2021年底，其他几条地铁线路也将完工。分析句子并根据时间状语By the end of 2021可知，句子应使用将来完成时。由于complete与所修饰词several other metro lines之间是被动关系，应使用将来完成时的被动语态will have been completed。故填will have been completed。
63. China ______（develop）at a tremendous rate, an outstanding achievement never seen before, during the past two decades. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】has developed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的二十年里，中国以前所未有的速度飞速发展。during the past two decades表示在过去一段时间，用现在完成时。故填has developed。
64. Did you predict that so many students ________ (volunteer) for the Clean Your Plate campaign （所给单词适当形式填空）
【答案】would volunteer
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：你预料到会有那么多的学生自愿参加“光盘行动”吗 从did和predict看出此句说的是从过去的时间看即将发生的事，即过去将来时。故填would volunteer。
65. Help others whenever you can and you ______（make）the world a nicer place to live in. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】will make
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查祈使句。句意：随时随地帮助别人，你会让这个世界变得更美好。分析可知，句子考查“祈使句+and+简单句（一般将来时）”这一固定句式（祈使句表示条件），相当于if引导的条件句。故填will make。
VI. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
66. 父母们应当鼓励孩子们提升积极参与各类活动的意识。(involve) (汉译英)
【答案】Parents should encourage their children to raise the awareness of being actively involved in various activities .
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。父母应用“parents”，鼓励某人做某事应用“encourage sb.to do sth”，提升意识应用“raise the awareness of ”，积极参与各类活动应用“being actively involved in various activities”，故翻译为Parents should encourage their children to raise the awareness of being actively involved in various activities.
67. 不管有多忙，父母都应该抽出一些时间来陪伴孩子。(accompany) (汉译英)
【答案】No matter how busy they are, parents should spare some time to accompany their children.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查状语从句。分析句子可知，本句是连词No matter how 引导的让步状语从句，引导词“无论多么”为No matter how,状语从句的结构为no matter how +adj/adv+主语+谓语，让步状语从句的时态为一般现在时，故从句部分答案为No matter how busy they are。主句是情态动词作谓语的结构。主语“父母”为parents，情态动词加动词原形作谓语，情态动词“应该”是should，“抽出时间”翻译为spare some time，本句中的“陪伴孩子”作目的状语，用动词不定式，译为to accompany their children。故翻译为No matter how busy they are, parents should spare some time to accompany their children.
68. 虽然成人礼的习俗因文化的不同而有差异,但都象征从童年向成年的转变(vary) (汉译英）
【答案】Although the customs of the rite of passage into adulthood vary from culture to culture,they represent the transition from childhood to adulthood.
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句。表达：虽然.....但......。英语用Although；表达：成人礼的习俗，英语用the customs of the rite of passage into adulthood ；表达：因文化不同而有差异，英语用vary from culture to culture；表达：象征从童年向成年的转变，英语用represent the transition from childhood to adulthood；本句陈述一种事实，要用一般现在时。故整句翻译为：Although the customs of the rite of passage into adulthood vary from culture to culture, they represent the transition from childhood to adulthood.
69. 梦想远大且脚踏实地的人能克服横亘在他们和梦想中间的障碍。(obstacle) (汉译英)
【答案】Those who dream big and stay practical can overcome obstacles that stand between them and their dreams.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词和定语从句。表示“……的人”可以使用定语从句的特定句型those who；表“梦想远大”短语可使用固定搭配dream big；表示“脚踏实地”短语可使用stay practical；表示“克服”用overcome；表“横亘在……中间”短语可以用stand between A and B；表示“……的障碍”可使用定语从句修饰名词obstacles，从句部分缺少主语，先行词为物，使用关系代词that。故翻译为：Those who dream big and stay practical can overcome obstacles that stand between them and their dreams.
VII. Guided Writing
70. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是育才中学的李华，你的美国笔友Tom即将来上海旅游。这是他第一次来上海旅游，不知道要准备些什么和去哪里游玩，因此他写信向你求助。请你写一封电子邮件，并包括以下内容：
1）准备事项
2）推荐上海的一个景点并阐述理由
【答案】Dear Tom
I'm glad to know that you are coming to China. Knowing that you are wondering what preparations should be made for this journey and where to visit, I’d like to offer you some advice.
To begin with, I suggest that you should learn some basic Chinese. What's more, it will be wonderful if you can check on the transportation in advance. As for the scenic spots in Shanghai, I recommend the Oriental Pearl Tower. It is so attractive that people who come here do not leave it without visiting it. It is so high that people have to take an elevator to get up. The view from the top of the tower is so spectacular, especially at night.
Wish you a good trip!
Yours Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给要来上海旅行的美国笔友Tom提供建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：glad →delighted
建议：suggestion → advice
此外：what’s more →in addition
提供：offer→ give
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To begin with, I suggest that you should learn some basic Chinese.
拓展句：To begin with, I suggest that you should learn some basic Chinese, which will help you avoid some unnecessary misunderstandings when travelling.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are wondering what preparations should be made for this journey and where to visit, I’d like to offer you some advice.（运用了现在分词作原因状语以及that 引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】It is so attractive that people who come here do not leave it without visiting it.（运用了who引导的限制性定语从句，so…that引导的结果状语从句）
听力答案：1-10 BCCCBADAAB 11-20 DABCBACDBA2021学年第一学期12月评估测试卷
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. A teacher. B. A doctor. C. A policeman. D. A postman.
2. A. 4:00. B. 4:15. C. 4:45. D. 5:00.
3. A. The performance. B. The price. C. The seats. D. The lights.
4. A. 6 dollars. B. 16 dollars. C. 30 dollars. D. 60 dollars.
5. A. The man's watch is 5 minutes fast. B. The man's watch is 15 minutes fast.
C. The man's watch is 5 minutes slow. D. The man's watch is 15 minutes slow.
6. A. Learn how to drive. B. Teach her dad to drive.
C. Ask for a driving lesson. D. Take a driving test.
7. A. Egyptian. B. Greek. C. German. D. American.
8. A. Mother and son. B. Teacher and student. C. Teammates. D. Classmates.
9. A. Frank. B. Rude. C. Determined. D. Sensitive.
10. A. They will hold a furniture display. B. They will hold a lecture tonight.
C. They are short of chairs for the audience. D. They haven't prepared the lecture well.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. She had run a long way. B. She felt weak and tired in the subway.
C. She had done a lot of work. D. She had given blood the night before.
12. A. By lifting her to the platform to get others' help.
B. By moving her with the help of his girlfriend.
C. By holding her arm and pulling her along the ground.
D. By waking her up and dragging her away from the edge.
13. A. Danger in the subway. B. A subway rescue.
C. How to save people. D. A traffic accident.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. In 1815. B. In 1848. C. In 1850. D. In 1855.
15. A. High school education. B. Two-year study programs.
C. 100 education programs. D. Four-year college programs.
16. A. California has the most state colleges and universities in America.
B. California is a large city with more than 4, 000, 000 people.
C. California is the largest state in land area throughout America.
D. California has only a few high-technology companies.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Selling computers. B. Building railroads.
C. Teaching. D. Preaching.
18. A. She came to the US in the 1960s.
B. She had a great grandfather killed in a railroad accident.
C. She was a third-generation Mexican American.
D. She was born in the United States.
19. A. Because she has a lot of relatives in Spain.
B. Because she speaks it at home most of time.
C. Because she has just immigrated from Mexico.
D. Because she has learned the language at a college.
20. A. Learning to write Chinese. B. Consulting the woman about Spanish.
C. Working in China. D. Travelling with the woman in Mexico.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Norway is Teaching Travelers to Travel
After 15 people died during Easter in 1967, the Norwegian Trekking Association and the Red Cross announced their campaign ‘Welcome to the mountains, but be responsible’. Fjellvettreglene, the ‘mountain code’ ___1___ encourages people to have a healthy and respectful relationship with nature, has since become a crucial part of Norwegian culture. It includes points such as bringing necessary equipment to assist yourself and others, ___2___(seek)shelter if necessary and feeling no shame in turning around.
Nationally, Norway ___3___ (experience) an 11% increase in tourism in the past decade. Trolltunga, a piece of rock, ___4___ (see) 1,800 visitors in one 2017 day alone. Why Because people want the same picture they see on Instagram and Facebook. A lot don’t care ____5____ the experience of the hike. They just want proof that they did it. ___6___ this tourism boom is good for the economy, it has become a threat to Norway’s natural environment.
____7____(use) toilet paper, abandoned bottles and plastic bags can be found littered all around Trolltunga. And with the high amount of people who come unprepared for such an active hike, Norway’s leading hiking group, Friluftsliv, also has called for regulations on the number of tourists hiking to Trolltunga. Lasse Heimdal, leader of the outdoor organization said, “On a busy day, you may have to wait in line for an hour and a half just ___8___(get) a picture. To control this, we’d like to regulate ___9___ people can hike in a day. Starting hike times should also have regulations so people don’t start too late and find ____10____ trapped here.”
Vocabulary
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. suitable B. unfortunately C. worsen D. afford E. risk F. expensiveG. ideally H. provide I. solution J. remain K. concern
In recent weeks, many parents have realized the difficult truth about school this fall because of COVID-19. Hoping for a better ____11____, parents around U.S. have started organizing “pandemic (流行病) pods”, or home schooling pods, for the fall, in which groups of 3 to 10 students learn together in homes under the guidance of the children’s parents or a hired teacher.
For parents who can organize and ____12____ them, pods seem like an easy choice. “I don’t believe that the online courses for that age group are ____13____. Kids at this age really need that multimodal sensory learning (多模式感官学习).” one parent said.
These pods could ____14____ families with a schooling choice that feels safe—yet also allows kids to have fun and build social skills. However, it also has unavoidable shortcomings.
Depending on how the pods are set up, they may offer parents break. But given that pods can be ____15____, complicated to organize and self-selecting, it is possible that they are most popular among wealthy families, experts say, and may ____16____ educational inequality.
Another ____17____ about pods is that families may not know how to minimize Covid risks. Pods shouldn’t have more than five kids ____18____, said Saskia Popescu, an infection prevention expert. When you add together the teacher and all of the kids’ family members, a seemingly small pod ends up including dozens of people, and the more people in it, the greater the ____19____ for coronavirus exposure (接触). Furthermore, families in learning pods shouldn’t socialize with people outside the pod unless they wear masks and _____20_____ socially distant, Dr. Popescu said. Pods should have clear rules on wearing masks and washing hands.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
For most people, the longest relationship they will have is with their sibling（兄弟姐妹）. It’s a shame, then, that we can’t choose them. As children, my younger sister and I were always ____21____with each other. I was jealous of her looks and she felt threatened by my academic success. But our rivalry（竞争）was ____22____compared to that of some famous siblings.
Take 1940s movie stars Olivia de Havilland and Joan Fontaine. The competitive relationship between these sisters is the stuff of Hollywood legend. “I married first, won the Oscar before Olivia did. And if I die first, she will _____23_____be angry because I beat her to it,” Joan wrote in her autobiography. Their rivalry became very ____24____in 1946 when Olivia won an Oscar. Joan was asked to present the award but Olivia refused to even shake her hand. “They just don’t have much in common,”, commented on person at the time.
But it’s not just in ____25____business where siblings fall out. Entrepreneurs Rudolf and Adolf Dassler started making sports shoes in the small German town of Herzogenaurach in the 1920s. Their factory south of the river became very successful but they were always very ____26____. Adolf, or Adi, was a quiet craftsman while Rudolf was “a loud-mouthed salesman”. ___27___in 1948, the brothers fell out permanently. Rudolf moved across the river and set up a rival sports-shoe company, which he called Puma. ____28____, Adi used the first letters of his name and surname to create his brand—Adidas.
The brothers never spoke to each other again and their rivalry ___29___the town. The residents wore either Adidas or Puma and would sometimes refuse to _____30_____each other. It became a place where you always looked at the ______31______someone was wearing before starting a conversation. The brothers died in the 1970s and were buried in the same cemetery—at opposite ends.
But not all successful siblings ____32____each other. Top tennis players Serena and Venus Williams have played each other in over 20 major tennis tournament finals, but have always remained the best friends. They played doubles together, lived together, and even had breakfast before these big matches.’ We leave everything on the ____33____.’ Serena once said. ‘We’re sisters the moment we shake hands at the net.’
So, now that we are adults, have my sister and i learnt to be more like the William sisters and less like the Gallaghers Well, I’d love to say “Yes” but the _____34_____answer is “not always”. I still hate seeing photos of us together because I still feel inferior to her. But our rivalry is not as bad as it used to be, and if I feel really jealous, I remind myself: _____35_____fades but a sister is for life!
21. A. competing B. dealing C. communicating D. agreeing
22. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
23. A. sadly B. undoubtedly C. actively D. negatively
24. A. passionate B. public C. unreasonable D. fierce
25. A. show B. family C. manufacture D. trade
26. A. familiar B. friendly C. different D. positive
27. A. Otherwise B. Meanwhile C. Additionally D. Eventually
28. A. Above all B. By comparison C. In response D. On the whole
29. A. livened B. seized C. divided D. neglected
30. A. mix with B. take on C. look after D. set up
31. A. shoes B. clothes C. glasses D. watches
32. A. like B. hate C. ignore D. value
33. A. issue B. surface C. memory D. court
34. A. designed B. easy C. truthful D. acceptable
35. A. fame B. beauty C. difference D. dream
Section B
Directions：Read the following passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Our youngest daughter can be stubborn about receiving gifts and I told her so.
“Where do you think I get it from ” she asked.
“I’m not stubborn when it comes to receiving gifts,” I said. “I used to be but not now.”
She has a birthday coming up and we want to get her some new cowboy boots.
Cowboy boots aren’t cheap, but we want to do something special and get her something she could use and enjoy for years to come.
But my daughter is pushing back, saying she’s happy with her current boots-which are old and worn-out.
I push back, she pushes back, and we become locked in a mother-daughter match over stubbornness and how much is too much to spend on a special gift.
She thinks my husband and I do too much for her. I used to think the same thing about my parents—my parents weren’t rich, but they were generous.
They kept saying they enjoyed giving me gifts, but all I could think about was how much money they were wasting on me.
Years ago, I mentioned to a friend that I thought my mother overdid it when it came to buying gifts for her children.
My friend, closer to my mothers age than mine, looked at me and said, “Who are you to tell your mother what she can do ”
I wanted to argue with her, but I didn’t. I didn’t fully understand it then but I understand it now—now that I’m a grandmother myself.
The longer you live, the more you see how often things go wrong.
Marriages fail, friendships break down， family members become estranged, and accidents and illnesses cut lives short.
There is a brokenness that fills many of our lives.
So, when you see life going well, families working hard and growing strong, you want to celebrate.
It took a lot of time for me to understand that giving is an expression of joy, as much as it is an expression of love, understand where my daughter is coming from, but I also understand where my parents were coming from—a place of pure and simple joy celebrating those moments when life goes well.
36. Why did the author’s daughter try to refuse her mom’s gift
A. She had many boots to wear.
B. She wanted something else for her birthday.
C. She didn’t like the style of the boots.
D. She didn’t want her mom to spend too much money.
37. The author began to understand her parents’ behavior after she ________.
A. listened to her friends’ advice
B. experienced brokenness in life
C. communicated with her husband
D. received gifts from other family members
38. The underlined word “estranged” most probably means “________”.
A. lonely B. distant C. joyful D. complete
39. What does the author think about gift giving
A. It is the best way to express our love to others.
B. It is an expression of hope for the future.
C. It is a way to show our joy when life is going well.
D. It is a way for people to escape bad things in life.
(B)
For years, the Empire State Building in New York was recognized as the tallest building in the world, but in recent decades, many much higher structures have been built. Read on to learn more about four of the tallest skyscrapers existing today.
● Buri Khalifa
Buri Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, is currently the tallest building in the world. The tower is part of a new development built on a man-made lake. Burj Khalifa has a distinctive shape so that the windows look out onto the Persian Gulf. A 304-room hotel occupies the lower floors and there is an observation deck on the 124th floor. The top floor is home to a private VIP club, closed to anyone except members.
● Shanghai World Financial Centre
This skyscraper has the highest observation deck in the world, although the building itself is no longer the tallest. Construction stopped between 1998 and 2003 because of the Asian financial crisis, but it was eventually finished in 2008. The most distinctive feature in its design is the geometric opening at the top of the tower.
● International Commerce Centre
This skyscraper in Hong Kong stands on top of Kowloon Station, which gave its name to the original proposal for the building. The tower is not as high as in earlier plans because of regulations that prevented buildings from being taller than the surrounding mountains. A five-star hotel occupies the upper fifteen floors of the building. There is an observation deck on the 100th floor and a number of five-star restaurants on the 101st floor.
● Petronas Tower
These towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, are the tallest twin buildings in the world. They were built on the site of the city’s horse-racing tracking and an exclusive shopping centre is located at the base. The towers are connected by a sky bridge on the 41st and 42nd floors, which is the highest two-storey bridge in the world. It is open to the public, but only a limited number of free tickets are given out each day, and visitors are allowed no more than ten minutes on the bridge.
40. In which two buildings can you book a room
A. Buri Khalifa and Shanghai World Financial Centre.
B. International Commerce Centre and Petronas Towers.
C. Burj Khalifa and International Commerce Centre.
D. Petronas Towers and Burj Khalifa.
41. ________ is/are shorter than it/they was/were designed to be.
A. Burj Khalifa
B. Shanghai World Financial Centre
C. Petronas Towers
D. International Commerce Centre
42. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true
A. Shanghai World Financial Centre took longer to complete than planned.
B. Visitors have to pay to stay on the two-storey bridge in Petronas Towers.
C. International Commerce Centre is named after its investor.
D. The top floor of Buri Khalifa is accessible to everyone.
(C)
Are we getting more stupid According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are.
You may not want to hear this, but Crabtree believes that human intelligence reached its peak more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then has been going downhill. “If an average Greek from 1,000 BC were transported to modern times, he or she would be one of the brightest among us,” Crabtree told The Guardian.
At the heart of Crabtree’s thinking is a simple idea. In the past, intelligence was critical for survival when our ancestors had to avoid dangerous animals and hunt for food. The difference of being smart or stupid is often life or death. However, after the spread of agriculture when our ancestors began to live in dense farming communities, the need to keep their intelligence in peak-condition gradually reduced.
This is not hard to understand. Most of the time, pressure is what keeps us going—you need the pressure from your teachers to finish your homework the pressure of looking pretty encourages you to lose weight when summer comes. And the same is also true of our intelligence-if we think less, we become less smart.
These mutations (变异) are harmful to our intelligence and they were all developed in the past 3,000 years. The other evidence that Crabtree holds is in our genes. He found that among the 2,000 to 5,000 genes that we have that determine human intelligence, there are two or more mutations in each of us.
However, Crabtree’s theory has been criticized by some who say that early humans may have better hunting and surviving abilities, but people today have developed more diverse intelligence. For example, spearing (用矛刺) a tiger doesn’t necessarily require more brainpower than playing chess or writing a poem. Moreover, the power of modem education means lot more people have the opportunity to learn nowadays.
“You wouldn’t get Stephen Hawking 2,000 years ago. He just wouldn’t exist,” Thomas Hills of the University of Warwick, UK, told Live Science. “But now we have people of his intellectual capacity doing things and making insights (洞察力) that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation (进化适应).”
43. What is Crabtree’s recent finding according to the article
A. The Greeks from 1,000 BC could have been the smartest in human history.
B. Our ancient ancestors had no better surviving abilities than we do nowadays.
C. Mutations in genes that decide human intelligence have affected the development of intelligence.
D. Humans have been getting steadily more intelligent since the invention of farming.
44. According to Crabtree, ancient humans ________.
A. had much more genes that determine human Intelligence
B. were forced to be smart due to natural selection pressures
C. relied more on group intelligence than individual intelligence
D. developed a diverse intelligence to adapt to the hard realities
45. Some argue that Crabtree’s theory is false because they think ________.
A. people today are under much more pressure than early humans
B. it’s unreasonable to compare hunter’s and a poet’s intelligence
C. modern education is far more advanced than ancient education
D. human intelligence nowadays is different from that of the distant past
46. What is Thomas Hill’s attitude toward Crabtree’s theory
A. He is for Crabtree’s theory.
B. He is against Crabtree’s theory.
C He is worried about Crabtree’s theory.
D. He is confused about Crabtree’s theory.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Designer Dolls Become Desirable Collectables
Kan Hui, senior stage set designer based in Beijing, stands in front of vending machine (自动售货机) in a shopping center. She feeds in the money and a paper box rolls out. ____47____ Dolls are not just toys for little girls any more. They have become desirable collectables for many young Chinese under the age of thirty.
Molly, a little girl with curly hair, wide eyes and pouting lips, is one of the best-selling dolls in China. Each Molly sells for 59 yuan and there are over one hundred editions of the doll in different series. For doll fans, it is an affordable way to build an “art” collection.
In fact, what has made collecting designer dolls a new phenomenon is the concept of a “blind box”. As the name implies, consumers have no idea which specific doll from a series they will get until they open the box. ____48____ Over 400 million Molly dolls are reported to have been sold throughout the country last year!
___49___ Psychologists say that collectors are trying to bring some order and meaning to their lives. That may be true, but I think they do it just because it is fun and sometimes educational. I have a friend who collects beer bottles. He does not recycle them for money. Instead, he has them lined up in neat rows on shelves, and over 200 of them are from more than 30 different countries—a good way to learn about geography.
Collecting Molly dolls is probably fad (一时的风尚) that will be replaced by another one eventually. ___50___
A. The uncertainty about the product has undoubtedly increased sales of these dolls.
B. Designer dolls satisfy the spiritual needs of young Chinese consumers.
C. She can hardly wait to open the box and is excited to discover inside limited-edition (限量版) Molly doll.
D. However, it will definitely give the pleasure you want, and enjoy collecting it.
E. The small toys fit in the palm of your hand and come dressed in cute costumes.
F. Have you ever wondered why people build a collection of things
IV. Blank-filling
Directions: Fill in the blanks with phrases in their proper forms in the box Each phrase can only be used once. Note that there is one phrase more than you need.
give away；involve ....in；sing the praise of；be relevant to take on；show up；leave behind；refer to
51. The only reason that he _________for his success yesterday was that he always worked hard.
52. By opening a novel, I can ________my burdens and enter a mysterious world where I’m a character.
53. We didn’t expect the professor _____________at the conference.
54. All the people who ___________the accident were questioned by the police.
55. It is generally believed that being an adult involves ___________more responsibilities.
56. On the day after his first performance in London, all the newspapers _______________the new young actor.
57. The millionaire ___________his collections for free, which amazed the whole world.
V. Verb-filling
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms in the box.
58. The book has been well-received since it ________ (come) on the market in 2019. （所给单词适当形式填空）
59. He _______ (fly) over the Atlantic this time tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
60. — Were you surprised by the ending of the film
— No, I ______（read）the book, so I already knew the story. (所给词的适当形式填空)
61. We went to the supermarket to do some shopping. only to be told that it ______（decorate）(所给词的适当形式填空)
62. By the end of 2021, several other metro lines ______. （complete）(所给词适当形式填空)
63. China ______（develop）at a tremendous rate, an outstanding achievement never seen before, during the past two decades. (所给词的适当形式填空)
64. Did you predict that so many students ________ (volunteer) for the Clean Your Plate campaign （所给单词适当形式填空）
65. Help others whenever you can and you ______（make）the world a nicer place to live in. (所给词的适当形式填空)
VI. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
66. 父母们应当鼓励孩子们提升积极参与各类活动意识。(involve) (汉译英)
67. 不管有多忙，父母都应该抽出一些时间来陪伴孩子。(accompany) (汉译英)
68. 虽然成人礼的习俗因文化的不同而有差异,但都象征从童年向成年的转变(vary) (汉译英）
69. 梦想远大且脚踏实地的人能克服横亘在他们和梦想中间的障碍。(obstacle) (汉译英)
VII. Guided Writing
70. Directions: Write an English composition in 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是育才中学的李华，你的美国笔友Tom即将来上海旅游。这是他第一次来上海旅游，不知道要准备些什么和去哪里游玩，因此他写信向你求助。请你写一封电子邮件，并包括以下内容：
1）准备事项
2）推荐上海的一个景点并阐述理由
听力答案：1-10 BCCCBADAAB 11-20 DABCBACDBA
