2021学年第一学期期中考试
高二年级英语学科
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation take place
A. At the airport. B. In a hotel. C. At the Customs. D. At a travel agency.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How does the man feel about the exam
A. He is confident. B. He is not prepared.
C. He lacks confidence. D. He dislikes it.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
According to the man, how many students passed the exam
A. 1060. B. 1016. C. 530. D. 560.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn from the conversation
A. The man has been abroad for many years.
B. The woman thinks the man’s English is not pure but pleasant.
C. The man is angry at what the woman says.
D The man owes his accent to his mother’s influence.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman think of the article
A. The article is perfect. B. The article is too boring.
C. On the whole, she agrees with the man. D. She thinks only one part of it is good.
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn from the conversation
A. The woman encourages the man to study French.
B. The man is very interested in French literature.
C. The man wants to go to France.
D. The man is interested in foreign languages but not in French.
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman imply
A. She is going to miss her first class.
B. She prefers going to the dentist later in the day.
C. The man will be back before his first class.
D. The man might sleep late and miss his appointment.
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What would the man probably do
A. Tell Julia he is fine. B. Ask Julia for advice.
C. See Julia. D. Go to the play.
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why did the man turn down the cigarette
A. He doesn’t care for that brand. B. He had just finished a cigarette.
C. He isn’t seated in the smoking section. D. He doesn’t like to smoke cigarettes.
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman imply
A. She also needs a new tennis racket.
B. She wants to borrow some money, too.
C. She doesn’t think Brian will repay the money.
D. She couldn’t get Brian to play tennis.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. What is the story mainly about
A. How to make different hats. B. Why soldiers wear helmets.
C. Hats in different times and countries. D. The best type of hat to wear.
12. Who often wore a kind of cap in classical Rome to show their status
A. Horsemen. B. Soldiers.
C. Slaves. D. The working classes.
13. What do rich men in Britain often wear on special occasions
A. Bowlers. B. Top hats. C. Helmets D. Cloth caps.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What is the author’s view of the origin of language
A. It is a legend handed down from the past.
B. It still has not been revealed.
C. It can be easily inquired into.
D. It has not been questioned at all.
15. Where does the real power of words lie according to the passage
A. In their performance. B. In their characteristics.
C. In their peculiarity. D. In their associations.
16. What can we conclude about the great writers according to the passage
A. They have a larger vocabulary.
B. They are good at choosing and using words.
C. They can display a sense of humour.
D. They are reluctant to show off their knowledge.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What is the woman’s purpose in talking to the professor
A. To ask for his permission to take a course.
B. To hand in some homework to him.
C. To discuss about a formal training with him.
D. To borrow some sketch books from him.
18. What does a student usually need to do before taking the advanced sketching course
A. Write a book about sketches.
B. Get familiar with some professors.
C. Complete the prerequisite sketching course.
D. Master some knowledge about art.
19. What does the student give to Professor Weston
A. A text book. B. Some paintbrushes.
C. A bouquet of flowers. D. Some drawings.
20. How might the student feel after talking with Professor Weston
A. Encouraged. B. Annoyed. C. Surprised. D. Confused.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Charles Dickens
It has been 150 years since Charles Dickens died, 184 years since his first work was released to the public and 156 years since his last completed book came out. In all of this time, these novels have never been out of print. Dickens may have left us, but his work remains timeless, ____21____ (fascinate) the majority of those who open their pages.
Most people have read, watched or at least heard of Dickens’ stories, but what makes him and his work so popular Since he began novel writing in his 20s, Dickens constantly produced quality classics. Year after year his awaiting fans were not left ____22____ (disappoint) as their minds were fed with complex tales of romance, crime, hope and despair.
In the Victorian era he lived in, much of the work Dickens produced ____23____ (model) on the literature before him. He was one of the first writers of the time ____24____ (portray) honest examples of working-class people, giving many something to relate to. He focused on unfolding the good and bad qualities of characters which allowed his readers to follow their journeys and understand ____25____ they may have acted in the unusual or shocking ways that they did.
Any Dickens fans will know the diverse and outrageous (耸人听闻的) characters coming to life between the pages. ____26____ was special about this novelist’s ability in imagining these characters’ stories is that it comes from his own life’s path. ____27____ a young boy left to take care of himself in a workhouse to the wealthy figure he became through his writing successes, he knew what it was like to see in different lights. This deep understanding of his characters gave his fictional stories the strong element of believability ____28____ is needed in a good novel.
Over a century and a half later, Dickens’ themes can be relevant to today’s world problems. His words and imagery have been transformed further into the media of modern film, television and even musical adaptations. ____29____ set in a time unfamiliar to readers today, his work still enables everyone to relate to the love, hardship and sense of family that pours from the narratives. It is this aspect ____30____ has carried Charles Dickens into the 21st century.
Section B
Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. unclear；B. version；C. introduced；D. view；E. entertainF. identify；G. life-altering；H. breakdown；I. unmasked；J. pain；K. dependent
Unlock iPhone When Face ID Can’t
2017: “Nothing has ever been simpler, more natural, more effortless. We call this Face ID.” This is an actual executive quote, from back when the company ___31___ facial recognition on the iPhone X.
Apple in 2021: “Nothing has ever been…less natural or more difficult. We call this Face No ID.” This is a very made-up quote, reflecting the ___32___ of facial recognition now that masks are essential clothes.
The pandemic cast a shadow over Apple’s cutting-edge function: Our faces can’t be our passwords when our faces can’t be seen. And typing passcodes in full ___33___ of strangers and co-workers can be a security risk.
Well, mask or no mask, Apple’s Face ID works again—sort of.
With the iOS 14.5 update—launched Thursday through the company’s public beta software program, and expected to go into wide release this spring—you can unlock your iPhone without typing a passcode, even if your face is ___34___. Just one expensive little catch: You need an Apple Watch—and it needs to be unlocked and on your wrist.
I’ve followed the developments of this crucial, ___35___ struggle for nearly a year now. Last April, there was an effort to create Face ID-compatible (兼容的) masks. (Surprise! They didn’t catch on.) Soon after, with iOS 13.5, Apple made the passcode screen come up faster when the phone can’t see your face. (It’s still a ___36___.)
Compared with those, this new watch- ___37___ solution is almost as good as the naked-face real thing. It is fast and easy to set up. I’ve been testing a pre-release ___38___ for the past few days, unlocking my iPhone while wearing all sorts of masks, in all sorts of conditions.
Here’s what’s happening behind the scenes: The array of sensors in that notch (凹口) at the top of your iPhone’s screen—what Apple calls the TrueDepth camera—tries to ___39___ you as usual. If it can’t see your nose and mouth, it looks for your unlocked watch to unlock your iPhone. If it doesn’t see any face—or sees a(n) ___40___ face it doesn’t think is yours—it stays locked.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom (情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir ” His doubt, although often ignored, was usually ____41____.
Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses head down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and ____42____ being at high risk of losing their jobs.
A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the ____43____ industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to ____44____ his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too ____45____” at NASA.
In a corporate culture based on ____46____ and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear ____47____ learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of ____48____ it or getting around it with inefficient practices.
The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are ____49____ criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the ____50____ of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line.
Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give ____51____ to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be ____52____ in response.
And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external ____53____, it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be ____54____. Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their ____55____. But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out.
41. A. justifiable B. pointless C. subjective D. ridiculous
42. A. on the whole B. in conclusion C. as a result D. on the contrary
43. A. airline B. manufacturing C. service D. advertising
44. A. tempt B. reason C. trick D. guide
45. A. offensive B. ambitious C. aggressive D. humble
46. A. imitation B. fear C. efficiency D. competition
47. A. motivates B. facilitates C. maintains D. prevents
48. A. spoiling B. polishing C. masking D. exploiting
49. A. related to B. safe from C. concerned with D. dependent on
50. A. equivalent B. object C. argument D. criticism
51. A. priority B. motivation C. access D. feedback
52. A. optimistic B. objective C. defensive D. passive
53. A. authorities B. elements C. divisions D. whistleblowers
54. A. rejected B. eliminated C. voiced D. questioned
55. A. competitiveness B. inventiveness C. carefulness D. selflessness
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Everyone would agree that it is parents’ job to teach their kids right from wrong. The rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at these tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time when their children get into serious trouble again and again. The lawmakers hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.
Supporters of these laws believe that the threat of jail will scare parents into paying more attention to their teens’ behavior than before. They think that these parents would be happy to let the state try to straighten out their kids at juvenile detention centers (少管所) because the centers took the responsibility off the parents’ shoulders. With the new laws, the responsibility is put back on the parents. “The hope is,” a supporter said, “that if parents are held legally responsible, they’ll work harder to keep their youngsters in line.”
However, many people think the laws are unfair. They argue that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a contributory fault on the parents’ part.
People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents won’t create a change in the kids’ behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. …
The unfortunate fact is that jailing a parent punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help support the family and may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, little evidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parent’s ability to control a teenager. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.
56. The phrase “keep their youngsters in line” (in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. get their kids to stay at home B. make their kids behave well
C. help their kids make a living D. require their kids to queue in public
57. Which of the following sentences may best end Paragraph 4
A. So, they believe that it’s easy for mom to control her kid’s behavior.
B. So, they believe that mom should be jailed for her contributory fault.
C. So, they believe that lack of mom’s control may then lead to more crime.
D. So, they believe that mom’s control has a negative effect on her kid’s behavior.
58. Opponents of parental responsibility laws think that ________.
A. parents should never be punished for their kids’ crimes
B. jailing a parent may drive the family into a worse situation
C. the laws are unfair even if they help parents control their kids
D. responsible parents needn’t worry that their kids will commit crimes
59. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Whether parents should be jailed for their kids’ criminal acts.
B How parents deal with young troublemakers in their daily life.
C. What parents need when their kids commit crimes again and again.
D. Why laws should be made to hold parents responsible for their kids.
(B)
With the fragrance industry expected to be worth an enormous $92 billion by 2024, there is big money to be made from scents. As the fashion and marketing industry moves away from targeting men and women and onto a more inclusive, non-gendered approach, fragrance companies are doing the exact same-creating products that can be worn happily by all genders. The smells we’re drawn to are inherently universal, across all genders and including all noses. With this in mind, we tested our noses against three of the brands that have made a play for gender neutrality.
Eccentric MoleculesThe unique selling point of Eccentric Molecules is that it's designed to smell completely different on every wearer, reacting with our natural scents to create a unique blend. With potential for sharing with a loved one, their packaging is a practical if a little unromantic, simple bottle.Still, upon opening their best seller "Molecule 01", the journey begins. Upon first spray, the overwhelming scent is of alcohol, but it soon settles into a barely-there smell that recalls soft leather and feels surprisingly soothing on skin.Top Scent: Molecule 01, ￡72 for 100ml
Clean ReserveClean Reserve smells like it sounds-bright, fresh scents that would appeal to those who prefer light smell. It is also perfect for keeping in your gym or day bag to freshen up yourself.Packaging feels weighty and luxurious — without compromising sustainability — the bottle is made from sustainability -managed fores: wood and even the alcohol is derived from corn.Top Scent: Rain, 82 for100ml
Laboratory PerfumesPackaged in chemistry-class bottles, this brand's latest collection is strongly inspired by Britain and its natural abundance of herbs and flowers. What results are grown-up, powerful scents.Our clear favourites from the collection couldn't be more different —“Samphire” is a refreshing coastal scent mixed with rose, while “Atlas” is a strong blend of wine and tobacco, an easy signature scent for day and night with minimal reapplication needed.Top Scent: Atlas, 65 for 100ml
60. The purpose of paragraph 1 is ______.
A. to analyze how smells influence us
B. to sell the idea of non-gendered fragrance
C. to inform the readers of a latest fashion trend
D. to justify the development of fragrance industry
61. The common feature of Escentric Molecules and Clean Reserve is ______.
A. practical and simple packaging
B. sustainable packaging made from wood
C. a soft and light scent
D. smelling totally different on every user
62. For a customer who prefer strong mature smells that lasts a whole day, which product should he choose
A. Molecule 01. B. Rain. C. Samphire. D. Atlas.
(C)
Chances are you’re quite bored of your home by now. Oh sure, you know how lucky you are, if you have a warm and comfortable place to live when so many don’t. But a person could live in a full-on palace and still, at this point in a generation-defining global pandemic, think, “If I have to spend one more day looking at this cornicing (榐板) and those enormous wall sconces (壁式烛台), I will genuinely hurl myself off the balcony.” So allow me to share the greatest tip of all time for making your home more fun: get some wallpaper.
People are very cautious about wallpaper, especially the patterned type. I didn’t fully understand this until my partner and I were house–hunting half a decade ago, after we found out I was expecting twins. Off we went to look at family houses and, while the prices were horrific, the houses were, to my mind, even worse. That’s not fair: they were perfectly fine, but there was something about them that sent me plunging into a low-grade depression. I tried to explain it to the increasingly frustrated estate agents: maybe they were dark Or they just had a bad atmosphere Were the ceilings too low At last, I understood: every house I looked at was painted all white or–worse!–dull grey. Literally, every single one, and I assume the people who lived in them thought they looked fashionable and safely neutral. To me they brought back memories of teenage years spent in a psychiatric unit (精神病病房).
“Safely neutral”: has there ever been a more depressing template (样板) for a home “Safely neutral” is timidity, the decorating equivalent of a fear of letting yourself have fun in case people laugh at you, or a refusal to state an opinion in case you get it wrong. How so many people can bear to live like that is beyond my comprehension. I know not everyone is a maximalist, but I find it puzzling that people won’t commit to patterned wallpaper because they worry they’ll get tired of it, yet paint their home in the most boring shades possible. Be your fearless self! Make your stamp! If not on the world, then at least on your walls.
By the time we moved into our (entirely white, God help me) house, I was a month away from giving birth to two surprisingly big boys. I could no longer walk, but this in no way broke my stride when it came to sorting out the wallpaper. This was a home I hoped to live in for the next two decades, so I went all out and spent so much on wallpaper that we couldn’t really afford furniture for a while.
63 It can be learned from paragraph 2 that ________.
A. the estate agents finally figured out why the author didn’t like the houses
B. the unaffordable housing prices sent the author into a minor depression
C. the houses the author was hunting turned out to be disappointingly uniform
D. the teenager experience of being in a psychiatric unit troubled the author
64. What does the author think of “safely neutral”
A. It may bring about ridicule from others.
B. It will make a home much less depressing.
C. It is too abstract for people to understand.
D. It robs us of the chance to pursue pleasure.
65. The underlined sentence in paragraph 3 can be best illustrated as ________.
A. throwing away the apple due to the core B. dealing with a man as he deals with you
C. killing two birds with one stone D. cherishing imaginary or groundless fears
66. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To highlight the vital importance of wallpaper.
B. To reveal how to add color to home decoration.
C. To indicate why people tend to get depressed.
D. To explain what safe neutrality is all about.
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Metamorphosis
One morning, Gregor Samsa woke up from a bad dream and realized he was some kind of a terrible insect. He was a cockroach (蟋蟀), and he was as large as a man! Lying on his back, he could see his large brown belly and thin legs. ____67____
He began to think about his job as a traveling salesman. He hated his job, but he had to do it to support his father, mother, and sister because his father no longer worked. He looked at the clock and realized he had overslept—it was 6:30! He was late. The next train left at 7:00. He would have to hurry to make it. A few minutes later his mother yelled to him: “It’s 6:45. You are late. Get up!” ____68____ “Yes, mother. I’m getting up now.” His sister now whispered through the door, “Gregor, are you all right Do you need anything ”
Well, it was time to get up. Surely, as soon as he got out of bed, he would realize this had all been a bad dream. He tried to move his back part out first, but it moved so slowly, and it was so difficult. His thin little legs seemed useless, just moving and moving in the air, not helping him at all. Then he tried the front part. ____69____ He began rocking back and forth, stronger and stronger, and finally threw himself onto the floor, hitting his head as he fell.
All of a sudden, he heard a knock at the door. It was his manager, who had come to see why he was late. “Oh,” thought Gregor, “I hate my job.” Then the manger spoke. “Mr. Samsa, I must warn you that you could lose your job because of this. Lately, your work has not been very good, and now I find you in bed when you should be at work!” Gregor panicked and said, “No, no, I will come out immediately. I was sick, but now I feel much better.” The manager and Gregor’s family didn’t understand a single word he said, for his speech was now the hiss of insect. As he talked, he managed to move himself to the chest of drawers, tried to stand up, then slipped and fell, holding tightly to a chair with his thin legs. ____70____
A. This worked better, but he still couldn’t move enough to get out of bed.
B. He tried to turn over onto his side, but every time he tried, he would roll onto his back again.
C. Gregor awoke as it was getting dark.
D. When he answered her, he was surprised to hear his voice; it sounded so high.
E. Gregor tried to return to his bedroom, but couldn’t fit through the doorway.
F. He finally managed to open the door and lean against it.
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Surfer Guys to the Rescue
Past the Breakers, about 50 feet from shore, two brothers were fighting for their lives. They had been swept out to sea in a wild current, their mouth barely able to stay above water. Thick fog made it difficult for beachgoers to see the guys, but the screams were unmistakable. And every second counted. The brothers, ages 15 and 20, were wearing shorts and T-shirts, unsuitable for a November day, let alone the 50-degree water. Keven Harder, a supervising ranger, told the North Coast Journal that swimming in such a temperature “takes the fight right out of you.”
Luckily, four surfers in wet suits were nearby. Narayan Weibel, Spenser Straton, and Sdrian York, all 16, along with Taj, 15, were on their surfing boards riding up and down the coast on five-foot waves when they heard the cries. They turned and saw two bobbing heads and four flailing arms.
“We looked at each other and knew these guys were about to drown” Weibel told the Washington Post.
Weibel, Stratton, and Ortize-Beck paddled toward the distressed swimmers while York headed to shore to alert someone to call 911. He then dived back in to help his friends.
As the surfers drew close, the brothers were struggling. “It was pretty stressful, but there wasn’t any time to think about it, and that helped me keep cool,” Ortiz-Beck says.
Ortiz-Beck pulled up alongside the younger brother. Grabbing him under his arms, he lifted him onto his board. Stratton and Weibel, meanwhile, were straining to help the older brother. He was large, 250 to 300 pounds and he was panicked!
York arrived in time to help get the older brother atop the second board. The surfers then paddled several minutes through the water to the medical help waiting onshore. The brothers were scared but fine.
“When we get a call like this, it’s usually too late by the time we get there,” says Dillon, a first-aider. “I can’t say enough about what these guys did. They were willing and prepared to risk their lives.”
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 缺乏配合是昨天我们比赛失利的原因吗？(blame)(汉译英)
73. 蚂蚁非常小，可以沿着硬币的边缘爬行。(So…) (汉译英)
74. 新规实施第一天，就有很多电动自行车骑手因为没有佩戴头盔而被罚款。(The first day) (汉译英)
75. 下周对这位喜剧演员进行的访谈将在许多主要的社交媒体平台上直播，难怪他如此在意自己的妆容。（汉译英）
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是中学生李华，你的同学王海最近感觉体质较差想要健身，他对于在家添置家用健身器材和去专业健身房健身这两种方式犹豫不决。你作为班级中的健身达人，给王海写一封信谈谈你的想法，供他参考。你的信必须满足以下要求：
1. 简述你写信的目的以及你建议王海选择哪一种健身方式；
2. 说明你的理由（从便利性、费用和效果等方面对这两个健身选择进行对比）。2021-2022学年上海市晋元高级中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation take place
A. At the airport. B. In a hotel. C. At the Customs. D. At a travel agency.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I just got off the plane coming here from the airport. My secretary told me that she had already made room reservation for me. Which room is mine
W: I’m sorry. We had no record for your reservation. Let me check it again, will you
Q: Where does the conversation take place
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
How does the man feel about the exam
A. He is confident. B. He is not prepared.
C. He lacks confidence. D. He dislikes it.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I have never seen you have such confidence before an exam.
M: It’s more than confidence. Right now I feel that if I get less than an A, it will be the fault of the exam, not me.
Q: How does the man feel about the exam
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
According to the man, how many students passed the exam
A. 1060. B. 1016. C. 530. D. 560.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: How many students passed the College English Test last term in your school
M: Well, let me see. 1,060 students took the exam, but half of them failed.
Q: According to the man, how many students passed the exam
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn from the conversation
A. The man has been abroad for many years.
B. The woman thinks the man’s English is not pure but pleasant.
C. The man is angry at what the woman says.
D. The man owes his accent to his mother’s influence.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: You were born in England and as far as I know, you rarely get any chance to go abroad, do you But I’ve got the impression that you speak English with a foreign accent.
M: That’s true. You see, I have a Dutch mother.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman think of the article
A. The article is perfect. B. The article is too boring.
C. On the whole, she agrees with the man. D. She thinks only one part of it is good.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: The article sounds all right, doesn’t it
W: Yes. On the whole it’s very well-written, all except the first part. That’s somewhat boring, I think.
Q: What does the woman think of the article
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What do we learn from the conversation
A. The woman encourages the man to study French.
B. The man is very interested in French literature.
C. The man wants to go to France.
D. The man is interested in foreign languages but not in French.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Why don’t you study French since you are so interested in French philosophy Besides, there are so many great French novels.
M: If you want to arouse my interest in foreign languages why don’t you pay for me to study abroad
Q: What do we learn from the conversation
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman imply
A. She is going to miss her first class.
B. She prefers going to the dentist later in the day.
C. The man will be back before his first class.
D. The man might sleep late and miss his appointment.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: I have to be at the dentist’s at seven thirty tomorrow morning.
W: Then you won’t miss any classes.
Q: What does the woman imply
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What would the man probably do
A. Tell Julia he is fine. B. Ask Julia for advice.
C. See Julia. D. Go to the play.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: Julia suggested going to the play.
M: Whatever she decides is fine with me.
Q: What would the man probably do
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why did the man turn down the cigarette
A. He doesn’t care for that brand. B. He had just finished a cigarette.
C. He isn’t seated in the smoking section. D. He doesn’t like to smoke cigarettes.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: May I offer you one of my cigarettes
M: No, thanks. I’m sitting here only because all the seats in the non-smoking section were already occupied.
Q: Why did the man turn down the cigarette
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What does the woman imply
A. She also needs a new tennis racket.
B. She wants to borrow some money, too.
C She doesn’t think Brian will repay the money.
D. She couldn’t get Brian to play tennis.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: If I can get Brian to pay back the money I lent him last week, I could get that new tennis racket.
W: I hope you have better luck than I did.
Q: What does the woman imply
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11. What is the story mainly about
A. How to make different hats. B. Why soldiers wear helmets.
C. Hats in different times and countries. D. The best type of hat to wear.
12. Who often wore a kind of cap in classical Rome to show their status
A. Horsemen. B. Soldiers.
C. Slaves. D. The working classes.
13. What do rich men in Britain often wear on special occasions
A. Bowlers. B. Top hats. C. Helmets D. Cloth caps.
【答案】11. C 12. D 13. B
【解析】
【原文】People all around the world have been wearing hats for thousands of years. Hats serve several purposes—as decoration, for protection or to indicate the wearer’s status. In classical Rome, the working classes often wore a kind of cap, and upon being freed slaves were usually presented with this cap to symbolize their new status. The same cap was adopted as the “liberty cap” of the French Revolutionaries, and it also served as a symbol of liberty in the United States of America before 1800. In some Eastern countries, like India, men have traditionally worn colourful turbans, a long piece of cloth that you wind tightly round your head. Soldiers from most countries wear hard metal hats called helmets to protect their head while fighting. In North Africa, a small, red, cloth hat called a fez was popular for a while and was even part of Turkish national dress until 1925, when it was abolished. One of the most famous hats is the Mexican sombrero, which is a large hat made of straw or firm thick cloth with a wide brim to protect the wearer from the sun. Horsemen in the United States wear a similar hat made of leather. It is called the ten-gallon hat because it can hold a lot of water, if necessary. There is almost no end to the different kinds of hats that people wear. In Britain, many London businessmen still wear a hat called a bowler, which is like a black bowl with a narrow brim. Named after the London hat maker who invented it, the bowler was introduced in 1850. For important occasions, rich men in Britain often wear a tall silk hat called a top hat, while rich women wear hats with flowers, feathers or lace.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14. What is the author’s view of the origin of language
A. It is a legend handed down from the past.
B. It still has not been revealed.
C. It can be easily inquired into.
D. It has not been questioned at all.
15. Where does the real power of words lie according to the passage
A. In their performance. B. In their characteristics.
C. In their peculiarity. D. In their associations.
16. What can we conclude about the great writers according to the passage
A. They have a larger vocabulary.
B. They are good at choosing and using words.
C. They can display a sense of humour.
D. They are reluctant to show off their knowledge.
【答案】14. B 15. D 16. B
【解析】
【原文】How men first learned to invent words is unknown: in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words. The power of words, then, lies in their associations - the things they bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more the number of words that mean something to us increases. Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and improper.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What is the woman’s purpose in talking to the professor
A. To ask for his permission to take a course.
B. To hand in some homework to him.
C. To discuss about a formal training with him.
D. To borrow some sketch books from him.
18. What does a student usually need to do before taking the advanced sketching course
A. Write a book about sketches.
B. Get familiar with some professors.
C. Complete the prerequisite sketching course.
D. Master some knowledge about art.
19. What does the student give to Professor Weston
A. A text book. B. Some paintbrushes.
C. A bouquet of flowers. D. Some drawings.
20. How might the student feel after talking with Professor Weston
A. Encouraged. B. Annoyed. C. Surprised. D. Confused.
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. D 20. A
【解析】
【原文】W: Professor Weston, could I speak to you
M: Yes, but only for a few minutes. I have a meeting at three o’clock.
W: I think this will be quick, I need permission to register for your advanced sketching course.
M: Have you taken the prerequisite, the beginning sketching course
W: No, and that’s just why I’m here. The catalog says that the instructor can give permission to register without the prerequisite.
M: That’s correct. Have you had any previous experience
W: I’ve brought lots of sketch books full of my work, but I had no formal training.
M: Can I have a look at some of your sketches
W: Certainly, here are some examples, mostly flowers and landscapes.
M: They look pretty good, but I really don’t have time to make a decision now, why don’t you give them to me and I’ll review them this evening. I’ll let you know tomorrow.
W: Thanks a lot. I really appreciate it.
II. Grammar and vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Charles Dickens
It has been 150 years since Charles Dickens died, 184 years since his first work was released to the public and 156 years since his last completed book came out. In all of this time, these novels have never been out of print. Dickens may have left us, but his work remains timeless, ____21____ (fascinate) the majority of those who open their pages.
Most people have read, watched or at least heard of Dickens’ stories, but what makes him and his work so popular Since he began novel writing in his 20s, Dickens constantly produced quality classics. Year after year his awaiting fans were not left ____22____ (disappoint) as their minds were fed with complex tales of romance, crime, hope and despair.
In the Victorian era he lived in, much of the work Dickens produced ____23____ (model) on the literature before him. He was one of the first writers of the time ____24____ (portray) honest examples of working-class people, giving many something to relate to. He focused on unfolding the good and bad qualities of characters which allowed his readers to follow their journeys and understand ____25____ they may have acted in the unusual or shocking ways that they did.
Any Dickens fans will know the diverse and outrageous (耸人听闻的) characters coming to life between the pages. ____26____ was special about this novelist’s ability in imagining these characters’ stories is that it comes from his own life’s path. ____27____ a young boy left to take care of himself in a workhouse to the wealthy figure he became through his writing successes, he knew what it was like to see in different lights. This deep understanding of his characters gave his fictional stories the strong element of believability ____28____ is needed in a good novel.
Over a century and a half later, Dickens’ themes can be relevant to today’s world problems. His words and imagery have been transformed further into the media of modern film, television and even musical adaptations. ____29____ set in a time unfamiliar to readers today, his work still enables everyone to relate to the love, hardship and sense of family that pours from the narratives. It is this aspect ____30____ has carried Charles Dickens into the 21st century.
【答案】21. fascinating
22. disappointed
23. was modeled##was modelld
24. to portray
25. why 26. What
27. From 28. which##that
29. Though##Although##While
30. that
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要内容是关于英国大文豪查尔斯·狄更斯，介绍了他的作品风格形成，写作素材来源，作品中所展示的思想以及他的作品带给读者的影响。
【21题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：狄更斯也许已经离开了我们，但他的作品仍然是永恒的，吸引着大多数打开他们的页面的人（阅读他的书籍的人）。本句已有谓语动词remains,动词fascinate应用非谓语动词形式，且与主语之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词表主动，作状语，故填fascinating。
【22题详解】
考查形容词。句意：年复一年，等待他的粉丝们并没有失望，因为他们的脑海里充满了复杂的浪漫、犯罪、希望和绝望的故事。空处作系动词felt的表语，应改为形容词，且主语fans为人，所以用-ed形式的形容词，故填disappointed。
【23题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：在他生活的维多利亚时代，狄更斯作品中很多部分都是模仿他之前的文学作品。空处为本句谓语，且model与主语work之间为被动关系，应用被动语态结构be done，结合状语“In the Victorian era”可知此处时态为一般过去时，主语work在这里为单数，故填was model(l)ed。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他是当时第一批描绘工人阶级诚实的例子的作家之一，给出了许多与之相关的东西。句子已有谓语was，portray应用非谓语动词形式，结合“one of the first +n+to do”表示“第一批/最早做……之一”的固定搭配可知，此处应用动词不定式，作后置定语，故填to portray。
【25题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：他专注于展现人物的好与坏，让读者了解他们的旅程，并理解他们为何会以不同寻常或令人震惊的方式行事。分析句子可知，此处包含一个宾语从句，结合句意可知，从句缺少原因状语，所以用why引导该从句，故填why。
【26题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：这位小说家想象这些人物故事的能力的特殊之处在于，它来自于他自己的人生道路。分析句子可知，此处包含一个主语从句，由句子结构和句意可知，从句缺少主语，表示“特殊之处在于什么”，应用what引导该从句，作从句的主语，故填What。
【27题详解】
考查介词。句意：从一个在生活在济贫院里的小男孩，到他通过成功的写作成为一个富有的人物，他知道从不同的角度看是什么样的。由句意和to可知，此处表示“从……到……”，应用固定搭配“from…to…”，故填From。
【28题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这种对人物的深刻理解使他的小说具有了一部好小说所需要的强烈的可信因素。分析句子可知，此处包含一个定语从句，先行词为believability，指物，且从句缺少主语，可以用关系代词which或that代替先行词，引导该从句，作从句的主语，故填which/that。
【29题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管他的作品所处的时代对今天的读者来说并不陌生，但它仍然让每个人都能感受到故事中倾泻出来的爱、艰辛和家庭感。由句意和still可知，此处包含一个让步状语从句，空处位于句首，可用though，although或while引导该从句，故填Though/Although/While。
【30题详解】
考查强调句。句意：正是这一方面把查尔斯·狄更斯带入了21世纪。分析句子结构结合句意可知，此处为“It is+强调部分+that/who+从句”的强调句式，强调部分为“this aspect”，指物，所以本句用that引导从句，故填that。
Section B
Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. unclear；B. version；C. introduced；D. view；E. entertainF. identify；G. life-altering；H. breakdown；I. unmasked；J. pain；K. dependent
Unlock iPhone When Face ID Can’t
2017: “Nothing has ever been simpler, more natural, more effortless. We call this Face ID.” This is an actual executive quote, from back when the company ___31___ facial recognition on the iPhone X.
Apple in 2021: “Nothing has ever been…less natural or more difficult. We call this Face No ID.” This is a very made-up quote, reflecting the ___32___ of facial recognition now that masks are essential clothes.
The pandemic cast a shadow over Apple’s cutting-edge function: Our faces can’t be our passwords when our faces can’t be seen. And typing passcodes in full ___33___ of strangers and co-workers can be a security risk.
Well, mask or no mask, Apple’s Face ID works again—sort of.
With the iOS 14.5 update—launched Thursday through the company’s public beta software program, and expected to go into wide release this spring—you can unlock your iPhone without typing a passcode, even if your face is ___34___. Just one expensive little catch: You need an Apple Watch—and it needs to be unlocked and on your wrist.
I’ve followed the developments of this crucial, ___35___ struggle for nearly a year now. Last April, there was an effort to create Face ID-compatible (兼容的) masks. (Surprise! They didn’t catch on.) Soon after, with iOS 13.5, Apple made the passcode screen come up faster when the phone can’t see your face. (It’s still a ___36___.)
Compared with those, this new watch- ___37___ solution is almost as good as the naked-face real thing. It is fast and easy to set up. I’ve been testing a pre-release ___38___ for the past few days, unlocking my iPhone while wearing all sorts of masks, in all sorts of conditions.
Here’s what’s happening behind the scenes: The array of sensors in that notch (凹口) at the top of your iPhone’s screen—what Apple calls the TrueDepth camera—tries to ___39___ you as usual. If it can’t see your nose and mouth, it looks for your unlocked watch to unlock your iPhone. If it doesn’t see any face—or sees a(n) ___40___ face it doesn’t think is yours—it stays locked.
【答案】31. C 32. H
33. D 34. A
35. G 36. J
37. K 38. B
39. F 40. I
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了苹果公司因为疫情要带口罩，开发出了在不用输入密码、脸不清楚的情况下，就能在解锁手机的技术。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：这是苹果公司在iPhone X上推出面部识别功能时的一句真正的执行引用。作从句的谓语，结合句意表示“推出”应用动词introduce，此处描述过去发生的事情应用一般过去时。故填introduced。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：这句话完全是编造出来的，反映了现在面部识别系统的崩溃，因为口罩是必不可少的衣服。作宾语，结合句意表示“崩溃”应用名词breakdown，不可数。故填breakdown。故选H。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：在陌生人和同事面前输入密码可能存在安全风险。此处为短语in full view of，表示“完全在……的视野之内”。故填view。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查形容词。句意：随着iOS 14.5的更新——周四通过苹果公司的公开测试版软件程序发布，预计将在今年春天广泛发布——你可以不用输入密码解锁你的iPhone，即使你的脸不清楚。作表语，结合句意表示“不清楚”应用形容词unclear。故填unclear。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：近一年以来，我一直在关注这个至关重要的、改变生活的努力的发展。修饰后文名词struggle，结合句意表示“改变生活的”应用形容词life-altering，作定语。故填life-altering。故选G。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：这仍然是一种痛苦。作表语，结合句意表示“痛苦”应用名词pain，不定冠词提示用单数。故填pain。故选J。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：与那些相比，这种依赖手表的新解决方案几乎和裸面真品一样好。修饰后文名词solution，结合句意表示“依赖”应用形容词dependent，作定语。故填dependent。故选K。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：过去几天，我一直在测试一个预发布版本，在各种条件下戴着各种面具解锁iPhone。作宾语，结合句意表示“版本”应填名词version，不定冠词提示用单数。故填version。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：下面是幕后发生的事情：在你的iPhone屏幕顶部的凹槽里的一系列传感器——苹果称之为TrueDepth摄像头——试图像往常一样识别你。结合句意表示“识别”应填动词identify，上文为短语try to do sth.。故填identify。故选F。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果它没有看到任何面孔，或者看到一张它认为不是你的没有蒙面的面孔，——它就会保持锁定状态。修饰后文名词face，结合句意表示“没有蒙面的”应用形容词unmasked，作定语。故填unmasked。故选I。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
In Dad’s Army, a British sitcom (情景喜剧) about a home-defense Force, Sergeant (中士) Wilson would often cast doubt on his commander’s various orders with the phrase “Do you think that’s wise, sir ” His doubt, although often ignored, was usually ____41____.
Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses head down the wrong track. But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and ____42____ being at high risk of losing their jobs.
A culture of silence can be dangerous, argues a new book The Fearless Organization, by Amy Edmondson, a professor at Harvard Business School. Some of her cases are from the ____43____ industry, where staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks. One was its deadliest accident: a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977 when a co-pilot felt unable to ____44____ his captain into changing the decision to take off. Another case was that of the Columbia space shuttle in 2003; an engineer who may have diagnosed damage to the shuttle’s wing before the flight felt unable to speak as he was “too ____45____” at NASA.
In a corporate culture based on ____46____ and obedience, it may appear that targets are being achieved. But in the long run the effect is likely to be counterproductive (适得其反的). Studies show that fear ____47____ learning. And when faced with a problem, scared workers find ways of ____48____ it or getting around it with inefficient practices.
The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds. It does not mean that workers, or their ideas, are ____49____ criticism, or that they should complain continuously. In a sense, this method is the ____50____ of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line.
Pixar, the production firm, created what it called a “Braintrust” to give ____51____ to film directors. The rules were that advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person, and that filmmakers should not be ____52____ in response.
And psychological safety is not about whistleblowing (检举). Indeed, if an employee feels the need to act as a whistleblower by speaking to external ____53____, it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm where criticism can be ____54____. Nor is such a culture only about safety or avoiding mistakes. As mundane (单调的) tasks are automated, and workers rely on computers for data analysis, the added value of humans will stem from their ____55____. But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out.
41. A. justifiable B. pointless C. subjective D. ridiculous
42. A. on the whole B. in conclusion C. as a result D. on the contrary
43. A. airline B. manufacturing C. service D. advertising
44. A. tempt B. reason C. trick D. guide
45. A. offensive B. ambitious C. aggressive D. humble
46. A. imitation B. fear C. efficiency D. competition
47. A. motivates B. facilitates C. maintains D. prevents
48. A. spoiling B. polishing C. masking D. exploiting
49. A. related to B. safe from C. concerned with D. dependent on
50. A. equivalent B. object C. argument D. criticism
51. A. priority B. motivation C. access D. feedback
52. A. optimistic B. objective C. defensive D. passive
53. A. authorities B. elements C. divisions D. whistleblowers
54. A. rejected B. eliminated C. voiced D. questioned
55. A. competitiveness B. inventiveness C. carefulness D. selflessness
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. A 44. B 45. D 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. C 55. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章说明了谨慎往往导致员工保持沉默，因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，从而处于失去工作的高风险。文章通过两个航空行业的案例，说明了沉默的文化可能是危险的，指出一个以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化从长远来看是不利于发展的。而解决办法是营造一种“心理安全”的氛围，让员工可以畅所欲言。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的怀疑，虽然经常被忽视，但通常是合理的。A. justifiable情有可原的；B. pointless无意义的；C. subjective主观的；D. ridiculous可笑的。根据后文“Many employees must be tempted to imitate Sgt. Wilson when they see their bosses head down the wrong track.”提到，当许多雇员看到自己的老板走上了错误的道路时，他们一定忍不住要模仿威尔逊中士，可见威尔逊中士的怀疑其实是合理的。故选A。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：但谨慎往往导致员工保持沉默，因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，从而处于失去工作的高风险。A. on the whole基本上；B. in conclusion总之；C. as a result结果；D. on the contrary相反。结合上文“But caution often leads workers to keep silent for fear of appearing foolish and offensive and”可知，员工因为害怕显得愚蠢和无礼，导致结果自己失去工作，所以往往保持沉默。故选C。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的一些案例来自航空行业，那里的员工因为自己的级别而感到无力做出任何改变。A. airline航空公司；B. manufacturing制造；C. service服务；D. advertising广告。根据后文的案例“a crash between two Boeing-747s in the Canary Islands occurred in 1977”可知，是航空行业的案例。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一个是最致命的事故：1977年，两架波音747飞机在加那利群岛坠毁，当时一名副驾驶觉得无法说服机长改变起飞决定。A. tempt引诱；B. reason说服，推理；C. trick欺骗；D. guide指导。根据上文“staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks”和后文“his captain into changing the decision to take off”可知，员工因其级别而感到无力做出任何改变，所以副驾驶无法说服机长改变起飞决定。短语reason into表示“以理劝说使之相信或使之做某事”符合语境。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个例子是2003年的哥伦比亚号航天飞机；一位工程师可能在飞行前就已经诊断出飞机机翼的损伤，但由于他在NASA“太谦虚”，导致他没有发言权。A. offensive无礼的；B. ambitious有抱负的；C. aggressive好斗的；D. humble谦虚的。根据上文“staff felt too powerless to make any changes due to their ranks”可知，员工因其级别而感到无力做出任何改变，这名工程师感觉自己没有发言权，是因为在NASA“太谦虚”（地位低）。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化中，目标似乎正在实现。A. imitation模仿；B. fear恐惧；C. efficiency效率；D. competition竞争。结合后文“Studies show that fear”可知，此处指以恐惧和服从为基础的企业文化。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究表明恐惧会阻碍学习。A. motivates促使；B. facilitates促进；C. maintains保持；D. prevents阻止，阻碍。根据后文“getting around it with inefficient practices”可知，恐惧会让员工掩盖事实，或者用低效的方法绕过问题，可见恐惧会阻碍学习。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当面对一个问题时，受到惊吓的员工会想办法掩盖它，或者用低效的方法绕过它。A. spoiling损坏；B. polishing抛光；C. masking掩盖；D. exploiting开发。根据后文“or getting around it with inefficient practices”可知，面对问题，受到惊吓的员工会想办法掩盖它，或者用低效的方法绕过它。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：这并不意味着员工或他们的想法可以免受批评，或者他们应该不断抱怨。A. related to与……有关；B. safe from免于；C. concerned with关心；D. dependent on依赖。此处是在解释上文“The solution is to create an atmosphere of “psychological safety” whereby workers can speak their minds.”以及“It does not mean that workers, or their ideas”提到的，营造一种“心理安全”的氛围，让员工可以畅所欲言，但这不意味着员工或他们的想法可以免受批评，或者他们应该不断抱怨。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从某种意义上说，这种方法相当于丰田的“精益生产”流程，即任何发现问题的工人都可以停止生产线。A. equivalent对等；B. object物体；C. argument争论；D. criticism批评。根据后文“of Toyota’s “lean manufacturing” process, which allows any worker who spots a problem to stop the production line”可知，此处是在把“心理安全”氛围等同于丰田的“精益生产”流程，即任何发现问题的工人都可以停止生产线。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：制作公司皮克斯创建了一个所谓的“智囊团”，为电影导演提供反馈。A. priority优先；B. motivation动机；C. access入口；D. feedback反馈。根据后文“advice should be constructive and about the idea”可知，“智囊团”主要是为了导演提供反馈和建议的。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：规则是，建议应该是建设性的，是关于想法，而不是关于人的，电影制作人不应该做出生气的回应。A. optimistic乐观的；B. objective客观的；C. defensive生气的，防御的；D. passive被动的。根据上文“advice should be constructive and about the idea, not the person”可知，“智囊团”要对想法提供建设性建议，而电影制作人不能做出生气的回应。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，如果一名员工觉得有必要通过与外部权威对话来充当举报人，这表明雇主没有在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境。A. authorities当局，权威；B. elements元素；C. divisions分类；D. whistleblowers举报人。根据后文“it suggests employers have not created an environment within the firm”可知，因为雇主没有在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境，所以员工才寻求外部权威的帮助，来充当举报人。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，如果一名员工觉得有必要通过与外部权威对话来充当举报人，这表明雇主没有在公司内部创造一个可以表达批评意见的环境。A. rejected拒绝；B. eliminated消除；C. voiced表达；D. questioned质疑。根据上文“where criticism can be”可知，此处指表达批评意见，voice符合语境。故选C。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着日常工作的自动化，以及工人依赖电脑进行数据分析，人类的附加值将源于他们的创造力。A. competitiveness竞争力；B. inventiveness创造性；C. carefulness仔细；D. selflessness无私。呼应后文“But as Ms. Edmondson’s book demonstrates, it is hard to be either constructive or creative if you are not confident about speaking out.”指人类需要提供创造力，故选B。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Everyone would agree that it is parents’ job to teach their kids right from wrong. The rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at these tasks. To correct the problem, lawmakers in some states require parents to serve jail time when their children get into serious trouble again and again. The lawmakers hope that this punishment will motivate parents to take their responsibilities seriously.
Supporters of these laws believe that the threat of jail will scare parents into paying more attention to their teens’ behavior than before. They think that these parents would be happy to let the state try to straighten out their kids at juvenile detention centers (少管所), because the centers took the responsibility off the parents’ shoulders. With the new laws, the responsibility is put back on the parents. “The hope is,” a supporter said, “that if parents are held legally responsible, they’ll work harder to keep their youngsters in line.”
However, many people think the laws are unfair. They argue that parents should not be punished for the criminal acts of their children, unless it can be shown there is a contributory fault on the parents’ part.
People who oppose parental responsibility laws also believe that punishing parents won’t create a change in the kids’ behavior. These people argue that parents may not be at fault. The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble, they say. Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. …
The unfortunate fact is that jailing a parent punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help support the family and may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, little evidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parent’s ability to control a teenager. Opponents of parental responsibility laws say that parents who are in this situation need help, not a jail sentence.
56. The phrase “keep their youngsters in line” (in Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. get their kids to stay at home B. make their kids behave well
C. help their kids make a living D. require their kids to queue in public
57. Which of the following sentences may best end Paragraph 4
A. So, they believe that it’s easy for mom to control her kid’s behavior.
B. So, they believe that mom should be jailed for her contributory fault.
C. So, they believe that lack of mom’s control may then lead to more crime.
D. So, they believe that mom’s control has a negative effect on her kid’s behavior.
58. Opponents of parental responsibility laws think that ________.
A parents should never be punished for their kids’ crimes
B. jailing a parent may drive the family into a worse situation
C. the laws are unfair even if they help parents control their kids
D. responsible parents needn’t worry that their kids will commit crimes
59. What does the passage mainly talk about
A. Whether parents should be jailed for their kids’ criminal acts.
B. How parents deal with young troublemakers in their daily life.
C. What parents need when their kids commit crimes again and again.
D. Why laws should be made to hold parents responsible for their kids.
【答案】56. B 57. C 58. B 59. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。主要讨论孩子犯罪时，父母应不应该坐牢。
【56题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“Everyone would agree that it is parents’ job to teach their kids right from wrong. The rise in teen crime suggests that some parents are failing at these tasks.”（每个人都认为教给孩子分清好与坏是父母的事情。青少年犯罪率的上升表明有些父母没有承担好这项责任。）可知，因为父母没有教育好孩子才导致孩子犯罪，所以“ if parents are held legally responsible, they’ll work harder to keep their youngsters in line.”这句话的意思应该是：如果父母被从法律上约束着对这样的事情负责，那么他们将会投入更多的精力去保持他们的孩子们懂规矩，不犯罪。所以“keep their youngsters in line”的意思应该是“让他们的孩子们懂规矩”。故选B。
【57题详解】
推理判断题。根据上文“The children of good parents can fall in with the wrong kids and get into trouble”（好的父母的孩子们可能会跟坏孩子们在一起玩并陷入麻烦）可知，如果因为孩子犯罪，母亲再被判刑，那么很有可能就更加没有人管孩子，孩子犯罪的可能就会更大了。所以这一段的总结应该是：他们相信，没有了母亲的约束可能会导致孩子们犯更多的罪。故选C。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四、五段“Worse yet, if mom is in jail, there may be no one at all to control her kid. …The unfortunate fact is that jailing a parent punishes the rest of the family. The jailed parent cannot work to help support the family and may also be fired from a job for missing too much work. Furthermore, little evidence exists to support the idea that the threat of punishment improves a parent’s ability to control a teenager.”（ 更糟糕的是，如果妈妈在监狱里，可能根本没有人能控制她的孩子。……不幸的是，把父母关起来就是在惩罚家里的其他人。被监禁的父母不能工作来帮助养家，也可能因为错过太多工作而被解雇。此外，几乎没有证据表明惩罚的威胁能提高父母控制青少年的能力。）可知，反对父母责任法的人认为，对父母的惩罚会使得他们的家庭生活更加的糟糕。故选B。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的内容可以判断，这篇文章主要讲述父母应不应该因为孩子犯罪而坐牢。故选A。
(B)
With the fragrance industry expected to be worth an enormous $92 billion by 2024, there is big money to be made from scents. As the fashion and marketing industry moves away from targeting men and women and onto a more inclusive, non-gendered approach, fragrance companies are doing the exact same-creating products that can be worn happily by all genders. The smells we’re drawn to are inherently universal, across all genders and including all noses. With this in mind, we tested our noses against three of the brands that have made a play for gender neutrality.
Eccentric MoleculesThe unique selling point of Eccentric Molecules is that it's designed to smell completely different on every wearer, reacting with our natural scents to create a unique blend. With potential for sharing with a loved one, their packaging is a practical if a little unromantic, simple bottle.Still, upon opening their best seller "Molecule 01", the journey begins. Upon first spray, the overwhelming scent is of alcohol, but it soon settles into a barely-there smell that recalls soft leather and feels surprisingly soothing on skin.Top Scent: Molecule 01, ￡72 for 100ml
Clean ReserveClean Reserve smells like it sounds-bright, fresh scents that would appeal to those who prefer light smell. It is also perfect for keeping in your gym or day bag to freshen up yourself.Packaging feels weighty and luxurious — without compromising sustainability — the bottle is made from sustainability -managed fores: wood and even the alcohol is derived from corn.Top Scent: Rain 82 for100ml
Laboratory PerfumesPackaged in chemistry-class bottles, this brand's latest collection is strongly inspired by Britain and its natural abundance of herbs and flowers. What results are grown-up, powerful scents.Our clear favourites from the collection couldn't be more different —“Samphire” is a refreshing coastal scent mixed with rose, while “Atlas” is a strong blend of wine and tobacco, an easy signature scent for day and night with minimal reapplication needed.Top Scent: Atlas, 65 for 100ml
60. The purpose of paragraph 1 is ______.
A. to analyze how smells influence us
B. to sell the idea of non-gendered fragrance
C. to inform the readers of a latest fashion trend
D. to justify the development of fragrance industry
61. The common feature of Escentric Molecules and Clean Reserve is ______.
A. practical and simple packaging
B. sustainable packaging made from wood
C. a soft and light scent
D. smelling totally different on every user
62. For a customer who prefer strong mature smells that lasts a whole day, which product should he choose
A Molecule 01. B. Rain. C. Samphire. D. Atlas.
【答案】60. B 61. C 62. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同香水特点。
【60题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“As the fashion and marketing industry moves away from targeting men and women and onto a more inclusive, non-gendered approach, fragrance companies are doing the exact same-creating products that can be worn happily by all genders.(随着时尚和营销行业从瞄准男性和女性转向一种更具包容性、非性别化的方式，香水公司正在做完全相同的创造性产品，所有性别都可以快乐地使用)”可知，本段的主要目的就是推销非性别化香水理念。故选择B项。
【61题详解】
推理判断题。第一个方框内“Upon first spray, the overwhelming scent is of alcohol, but it soon settles into a barely-there smell that recalls soft leather and feels surprisingly soothing on skin.(第一次喷洒时，压倒性的气味是酒精，但它很快就变成了一种几乎没有的气味，让人想起柔软的皮革，皮肤感觉异常光滑)”及第二个方框内“Clean Reserve smells like it sounds-bright, fresh scents that would appeal to those who prefer light smell.(Clean Reserve闻起来像明亮，新鲜的气味，会吸引那些喜欢淡气味的人)”可知，两种香水的共同点是，柔软和味道淡。故选择C项。
【62题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三个方框内“while “Atlas” is a strong blend of wine and tobacco, an easy signature scent for day and night with minimal reapplication needed.(而“Atlas”是一种强烈的混合了酒和烟草的特色鲜明的气味能持续一整天，很少需要再次使用)”可知，“Atlas”适合喜欢气味强烈且持久香水的人士。故选择D项。
(C)
Chances are you’re quite bored of your home by now. Oh sure, you know how lucky you are, if you have a warm and comfortable place to live when so many don’t. But a person could live in a full-on palace and still, at this point in a generation-defining global pandemic, think, “If I have to spend one more day looking at this cornicing (榐板) and those enormous wall sconces (壁式烛台), I will genuinely hurl myself off the balcony.” So allow me to share the greatest tip of all time for making your home more fun: get some wallpaper.
People are very cautious about wallpaper, especially the patterned type. I didn’t fully understand this until my partner and I were house–hunting half a decade ago, after we found out I was expecting twins. Off we went to look at family houses and, while the prices were horrific, the houses were, to my mind, even worse. That’s not fair: they were perfectly fine, but there was something about them that sent me plunging into a low-grade depression. I tried to explain it to the increasingly frustrated estate agents: maybe they were dark Or they just had a bad atmosphere Were the ceilings too low At last, I understood: every house I looked at was painted all white or–worse!–dull grey. Literally, every single one, and I assume the people who lived in them thought they looked fashionable and safely neutral. To me they brought back memories of teenage years spent in a psychiatric unit (精神病病房).
“Safely neutral”: has there ever been a more depressing template (样板) for a home “Safely neutral” is timidity, the decorating equivalent of a fear of letting yourself have fun in case people laugh at you, or a refusal to state an opinion in case you get it wrong. How so many people can bear to live like that is beyond my comprehension. I know not everyone is a maximalist, but I find it puzzling that people won’t commit to patterned wallpaper because they worry they’ll get tired of it, yet paint their home in the most boring shades possible. Be your fearless self! Make your stamp! If not on the world, then at least on your walls.
By the time we moved into our (entirely white, God help me) house, I was a month away from giving birth to two surprisingly big boys. I could no longer walk, but this in no way broke my stride when it came to sorting out the wallpaper. This was a home I hoped to live in for the next two decades, so I went all out and spent so much on wallpaper that we couldn’t really afford furniture for a while.
63. It can be learned from paragraph 2 that ________.
A. the estate agents finally figured out why the author didn’t like the houses
B. the unaffordable housing prices sent the author into a minor depression
C. the houses the author was hunting turned out to be disappointingly uniform
D. the teenager experience of being in a psychiatric unit troubled the author
64. What does the author think of “safely neutral”
A. It may bring about ridicule from others.
B. It will make a home much less depressing.
C. It is too abstract for people to understand.
D. It robs us of the chance to pursue pleasure.
65. The underlined sentence in paragraph 3 can be best illustrated as ________.
A. throwing away the apple due to the core B. dealing with a man as he deals with you
C. killing two birds with one stone D. cherishing imaginary or groundless fears
66. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To highlight the vital importance of wallpaper.
B. To reveal how to add color to home decoration.
C. To indicate why people tend to get depressed.
D. To explain what safe neutrality is all about.
【答案】63. C 64. D 65. A 66. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是议论文。文章主要围绕着作者买了房子之后，讨论房子装修的时候到底应该粉刷成什么颜色，使用什么款式的壁纸。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“they were perfectly fine, but there was something about them that sent me plunging into a low-grade depression.” （它们非常好，但是但是却总是有一些东西让我感到有些轻度忧郁。）和“ To me they brought back memories of teenage years spent in a psychiatric unit (精神病病房).”（对我来说，它们让我想起了我小时候在精神病病房度过的那段时期。）可知，从第二段来看，作者看的房子让她觉得有点令人失望的统一。故选C。
【64题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段“‘Safely neutral’is timidity, the decorating equivalent of a fear of letting yourself have fun in case people laugh at you…”（“安全中立”是一种胆怯，这个装修就相当于害怕自己玩得开心，害怕万一有人会嘲笑你…）可知，“安全中立”抢夺走了人们追求快乐的机会。故选D。
【65题详解】
词句猜测题。根据这句话“people won’t commit to patterned wallpaper because they worry they’ll get tired of it, yet paint their home in the most boring shades possible.”（人们不会一直喜欢墙纸，因为他们担心他们会视觉疲劳，然而他们却把家粉刷成了最让人烦的色度。）可知，人们是因为害怕一件事情而让事情变得更糟糕，所以和A选项“因为苹果核而扔掉了苹果”，得不偿失，意思一致。故选A。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“So allow me to share the greatest tip of all time for making your home more fun: get some wallpaper.”（因此，请允许我分享一下让你的房子有更多乐趣的最棒的建议：得到一些壁纸。）可知，作者在这篇文章里主要讨论房子装修的时候到底应该粉刷成什么颜色，使用什么款式的壁纸。故选B。
Section C
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Metamorphosis
One morning, Gregor Samsa woke up from a bad dream and realized he was some kind of a terrible insect. He was a cockroach (蟋蟀), and he was as large as a man! Lying on his back, he could see his large brown belly and thin legs. ____67____
He began to think about his job as a traveling salesman. He hated his job, but he had to do it to support his father, mother, and sister because his father no longer worked. He looked at the clock and realized he had overslept—it was 6:30! He was late. The next train left at 7:00. He would have to hurry to make it. A few minutes later his mother yelled to him: “It’s 6:45. You are late. Get up!” ____68____ “Yes, mother. I’m getting up now.” His sister now whispered through the door, “Gregor, are you all right Do you need anything ”
Well, it was time to get up. Surely, as soon as he got out of bed, he would realize this had all been a bad dream. He tried to move his back part out first, but it moved so slowly, and it was so difficult. His thin little legs seemed useless, just moving and moving in the air, not helping him at all. Then he tried the front part. ____69____ He began rocking back and forth, stronger and stronger, and finally threw himself onto the floor, hitting his head as he fell.
All of a sudden, he heard a knock at the door. It was his manager, who had come to see why he was late. “Oh,” thought Gregor, “I hate my job.” Then the manger spoke. “Mr. Samsa, I must warn you that you could lose your job because of this. Lately, your work has not been very good, and now I find you in bed when you should be at work!” Gregor panicked and said, “No, no, I will come out immediately. I was sick, but now I feel much better.” The manager and Gregor’s family didn’t understand a single word he said, for his speech was now the hiss of insect. As he talked, he managed to move himself to the chest of drawers, tried to stand up, then slipped and fell, holding tightly to a chair with his thin legs. ____70____
A. This worked better, but he still couldn’t move enough to get out of bed.
B. He tried to turn over onto his side, but every time he tried, he would roll onto his back again.
C. Gregor awoke as it was getting dark.
D. When he answered her, he was surprised to hear his voice; it sounded so high.
E. Gregor tried to return to his bedroom, but couldn’t fit through the doorway.
F. He finally managed to open the door and lean against it.
【答案】67. B 68. D 69. A 70. F
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gergor Samsa在早上醒来，却发现自己变成一只像人那么大的蟋蟀，但是早上上班他要迟到了，在他妈妈和老板的催促下，他竭尽所能起床去上班的故事。
【详解】1.根据上文“Lying on his back, he could see his large brown belly and thin legs.”(他仰面躺着，可以看到自己棕色的大肚子和瘦弱的腿。)可知，他躺在床上，能看到自己的肚子和腿，空处应该是描述他接下来的的动作，B选项“He tried to turn over onto his side, but every time he tried, he would roll onto his back again.”(他试图翻过身来，但每次他翻过身来，他又会翻过身来。)符合，故选B。
2.根据上文“A few minutes later his mother yelled to him: “It’s 6:45. You are late. Get up!””(几分钟后，他妈妈对他大喊:“已经6:45了，你迟到了，起来！”)和下文““Yes, mother. I’m getting up now.””(“是的，妈妈，我现在要起床了”)可知，空处应该是描述他开始回答他妈妈，选项D“When he answered her, he was surprised to hear his voice; it sounded so high.”(当他回答她的时候，他很惊讶地听到了自己的声音，声音听起来很高。)符合，承上启下，故选D。
3.根据上文“Then he tried the front part.”(然后他试了试前面那部分。)可知，空处应该描述他靠前部分起来之后的事情，A选项“This worked better, but he still couldn’t move enough to get out of bed.”(这样好多了，但他还是不能下床。)符合，承接上文，故选A。
4.由上文“As he talked, he managed to move himself to the chest of drawers, tried to stand up, then slipped and fell, holding tightly to a chair with his thin legs.”(他一边说，一边设法挪到抽屉柜前，试图站起来，然后滑倒了，瘦弱的双腿紧紧地抓住一把椅子。)可知，此处描写的是他设法站起来，但是却滑到了，所以空处应该是描写这件事的后续，F选项“He finally managed to open the door and lean against it.”(他终于打开了门，靠在上面。)符合，故选F。
IV. Summary Writing
71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Surfer Guys to the Rescue
Past the Breakers, about 50 feet from shore, two brothers were fighting for their lives. They had been swept out to sea in a wild current, their mouth barely able to stay above water. Thick fog made it difficult for beachgoers to see the guys, but the screams were unmistakable. And every second counted. The brothers, ages 15 and 20, were wearing shorts and T-shirts, unsuitable for a November day, let alone the 50-degree water. Keven Harder, a supervising ranger, told the North Coast Journal that swimming in such a temperature “takes the fight right out of you.”
Luckily, four surfers in wet suits were nearby. Narayan Weibel, Spenser Straton, and Sdrian York, all 16, along with Taj, 15, were on their surfing boards riding up and down the coast on five-foot waves when they heard the cries. They turned and saw two bobbing heads and four flailing arms.
“We looked at each other and knew these guys were about to drown,” Weibel told the Washington Post.
Weibel, Stratton, and Ortize-Beck paddled toward the distressed swimmers while York headed to shore to alert someone to call 911. He then dived back in to help his friends.
As the surfers drew close, the brothers were struggling. “It was pretty stressful, but there wasn’t any time to think about it, and that helped me keep cool,” Ortiz-Beck says.
Ortiz-Beck pulled up alongside the younger brother. Grabbing him under his arms, he lifted him onto his board. Stratton and Weibel, meanwhile, were straining to help the older brother. He was large, 250 to 300 pounds and he was panicked!
York arrived in time to help get the older brother atop the second board. The surfers then paddled several minutes through the water to the medical help waiting onshore. The brothers were scared but fine.
“When we get a call like this, it’s usually too late by the time we get there,” says Dillon, a first-aider. “I can’t say enough about what these guys did. They were willing and prepared to risk their lives.”
【答案】Two brothers were swept out to sea and they were about to drown, screaming for help. Four boys, when surfing, noticed and came to rescue. Three of them paddled towards them and one alerted someone onshore to call 911 before he joined the rest. The brothers were finally rescued, though frightened. The boys were praised for their courage.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。两兄弟被卷进海里，眼看就要淹死了，他们尖叫着求救。四个男孩在冲浪时注意到了，并赶来营救。其中三人向他们划去，其中一人提醒岸上的人拨打911，然后才加入其他人的队伍。兄弟俩最后得救了，尽管他们很害怕。这些男孩因勇气而受到表扬。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Past the Breakers, about 50 feet from shore, two brothers were fighting for their lives. They had been swept out to sea in a wild current, their mouth barely able to stay above water. Thick fog made it difficult for beachgoers to see the guys, but the screams were unmistakable.
②Luckily, four surfers in wet suits were nearby. They turned and saw two bobbing heads and four flailing arms. Weibel, Stratton, and Ortize-Beck paddled toward the distressed swimmers while York headed to shore to alert someone to call 911.
③The brothers were scared but fine.
④I can’t say enough about what these guys did. They were willing and prepared to risk their lives.
2.缜密构思：按照先后顺序对事件的发生经过进行了讲述
3.遣词造句
Two brothers were swept out to sea and they were about to drown, screaming for help.
Four boys, when surfing, noticed and came to rescue. Three of them paddled towards them and one alerted someone onshore to call 911 before he joined the rest.
The brothers were finally rescued, though frightened.
The boys were praised for their courage.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Two brothers were swept out to sea and they were about to drown, screaming for help.运用了现在分词作状语对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Four boys, when surfing, noticed and came to rescue.运用了状语从句的省略对第二段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 缺乏配合是昨天我们比赛失利的原因吗？(blame)(汉译英)
【答案】Is lack of cooperation to blame for our losing the match yesterday
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，动词和短语。分析句子可知，句子是一般疑问句，根据句意，用一般现在时，主语“缺乏配合” ，lack of“缺乏……”，cooperation“合作；配合”，作介词of的宾语，be to blame for“对……应负责任”作谓语，表示“是……的原因”。主语lack是不可数名词，故be动词用单数is，置句首构成一般疑问句，lose the match“输掉比赛”表示比赛失利，作介词for的宾语，用动名词形式，表示“我们比赛失利”，在动名词短语前加物主代词our，yesterday“昨天”，综上所述，故译为Is lack of cooperation to blame for our losing the match yesterday
73. 蚂蚁非常小，可以沿着硬币的边缘爬行。(So…) (汉译英)
【答案】So small are ants that they can crawl along the edge of a coin.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、形容词、动词、介词短语和连词。表示“蚂蚁”应用名词ant，因为是可数名词，表示泛指总体，所以要用复数形式；表示“小”应用形容词small；表示“沿着…的边缘”应用介词短语along the edge of；表示“硬币”应用名词coin，因为是可数名词，表示泛指任何一个，所以用不定冠词+单数形式即可；表示“爬行”应用动词crawl。根据所给提示So大写可知，本句话要求用So…that…“如此…以至于…”so放在句首的部分倒装结构。故翻译为So small are ants that they can crawl along the edge of a coin。
74. 新规实施第一天，就有很多电动自行车骑手因为没有佩戴头盔而被罚款。(The first day) (汉译英)
【答案】The first day the new regulation came into effect/force many e-bike riders were fined for not wearing a helmet.
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构，以及名词（短语）引导时间状语从句。根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，根据提示可知，本句用The first day引导时间状语从句，表示“新规实施第一天”为The first day the new regulation came into effect/force，come into effect或came into force都是符合句意的固定短语；表示主句“就有很多电动自行车骑手因为没有佩戴头盔而被罚款”为many e-bike riders were fined for not wearing a helmet，谓语动词fine“罚款”和主语many e-bike riders之间是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，主谓一致，介词for“因为”后接否定的动名词not wearing a helmet构成介词短语，作状语。故翻译为The first day the new regulation came into effect/force many e-bike riders were fined for not wearing a helmet.
75. 下周对这位喜剧演员进行的访谈将在许多主要的社交媒体平台上直播，难怪他如此在意自己的妆容。（汉译英）
【答案】The interview featuring the comedian will be broadcast live on many major social media platforms next week, so no wonder he cares much about his makeup.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。此处为so连接的并列句，前一句中表示“对这位喜剧演员进行的访谈”翻译为the interview featuring the comedian；表示“直播”应用broadcast live，与主语构成被动关系，且表示将来的动作应用一般将来时的被动语态；表示“在许多主要的社交媒体平台上”短语为on many major social media platforms；表示“难怪”短语为no wonder；后一句主语为he；表示“如此在意”短语为care much about，此处用一般现在时；表示“妆容”应用makeup。结合其它汉语提示，故翻译为The interview featuring the comedian will be broadcast live on many major social media platforms next week, so no wonder he cares much about his makeup.
VI. Guided Writing
76. Directions: Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是中学生李华，你的同学王海最近感觉体质较差想要健身，他对于在家添置家用健身器材和去专业健身房健身这两种方式犹豫不决。你作为班级中的健身达人，给王海写一封信谈谈你的想法，供他参考。你的信必须满足以下要求：
1. 简述你写信的目的以及你建议王海选择哪一种健身方式；
2. 说明你的理由（从便利性、费用和效果等方面对这两个健身选择进行对比）。
【答案】Dear Wang Hai,
I’m so delighted to hear your fitness plan to shape yourself into a stronger guy. As a sports fan, I can’t wait to write to you, offering my suggestion as to the two options you sway between.
Just like you, many people may find it tough to choose between a fitness club membership card and a piece of household fitness equipment. As far as I’m concerned, the latter definitely defeats the former due to its convenience, expenses and effects.
The convenience a home fitness machine offers is the most critical advantage. According to surveys over the years, over 80% of the people will gradually lose their initial passion to work out at a sports center. Rainy days and time-consuming travel are the top two reasons. A fitness device, however, can save you all these troubles. Not only can you do exercise whenever you like, but also your family members can benefit. Isn’t it a great idea to become healthier together
Then comes its ability to save you hard-earned money. Nowadays, an annual membership card in an ordinary fitness club is around 5000-8000 yuan, not to mention extra fees for private courses and coaches. This is by no means cost-effective compared with the price of a household sports device, which varies from 800 to 2000 yuan. If it is of good quality, you can expect to use it for at least 5 years.
As to the effects between the two, just look at me, who exercise at home, and Jack, who goes to a sports center. Can you find some differences To tell you the truth, what really matters in doing physical exercise is not where you work out but whether you can persevere in it. Perseverance is the key to the success of everything.
Dear Wang Hai, I hope my suggestion can be of help. I expect you to be healthier, stronger and happier!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给朋友王海写一封关于健身方法的选择的建议信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion/advice
困难的：tough/hard
高兴的：delighted/gald
在我看来：as far as I’m concerned/in my opinion/in my view
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
简单句：I’m so delighted to hear your fitness plan to shape yourself into a stronger guy.
拓展句：I’m so delighted to hear that you plan to shape yourself into a stronger guy.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Not only can you do exercise whenever you like, but also your family members can benefit.（由Not only…but also引导的并列句的倒装）
【高分句型2】This is by no means cost-effective compared with the price of a household sports device, which varies from 800 to 2000 yuan.（由which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型3】If it is of good quality, you can expect to use it for at least 5 years.（由If引导的条件状语从句）
【高分句型4】As to the effects between the two, just look at me, who exercise at home, and Jack, who goes to a sports center.（由who引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型5】To tell you the truth, what really matters in doing physical exercise is not where you work out but whether you can persevere in it.（由what引导的主语从句、 where和whether并列引导表语从句）
