2021-2022学年北京师范大学附属中学高一上学期期中考试英语试卷本试卷有九道大题，考试时长120分钟，满分150分。
第I卷
一、听力。本大题共20小题，共20分。
第一节
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What animals did the woman see in the photos
A. Elephants. B. Lions. C. Zebras.
2. Why is the woman going to Thailand
A. To see a dentist.
B. To get her insurance.
C. To enjoy the scenery.
3. What problem is the woman facing
A. The hotel reserved the wrong room.
B. There are no single rooms available.
C. She can't stay for three nights.
4. What does the woman think of the retired life
A. Relaxing. B. Exciting. C. Boring.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. The weather. B. Animals. C. A raincoat.
第二节
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. How long has the man done his job
A. Six months. B. Two years. C. Two and a half years.
7. What does the woman advise the man to do
A. Quit the job. B. Work hard. C. Put up a notice.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Where are the speakers going
A. To a garage. B. To the city center. C. To a gas station.
9. What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Go on a business trip.
B. Drive her husband's car.
C Take a ride in his car.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What kind of English textbook does the man decide to buy
A. Poetry. B. Writing. C. Literature.
11. How much will the man pay
A.$10. B. $ 29. C. $ 39.
12. What will the man probably do
A. Pay by credit card. B. Fill out a form. C. Buy another textbook.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13. How long will the listeners be walking
A. Six days. B. Eight days. C. Ten days.
14. Where will each walker's sponsorship money go
A. To a student. B. To a teacher. C. To a school.
15. What will the listeners do during the walking
A. Share equipment with local people.
B. Carry all of their belongings.
C. Walk in the foothills.
第三节
听下面一段独白，完成第16至第20小题，每空只需填写一个词。听独白前，你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你有90秒钟的作答时间。本段独白你将听两遍。
Activities for Today
Time Things to do
9:00 a.m.— 10:30 a.m. Do some 16. ________
About 10:30 a.m. Have a break
About 11:00 a.m. Listen to a(n) 17. ________ to the Learning Centre
11:30 a.m. Learn about the 18. ________ programme
Midday Get personal 19. ________
About 12:30 p.m. Have lunch
Afternoon Listen to a talk about 20. ________
二、完形填空。本大题共10小题，共10分。
One Mother to Another
On Wednesday evening, our daughter, who was at a boarding school over 200 kilometers away, told us that she had lost her phone when she took part in an activity off campus. We realized that we had little chance of finding it.
The next morning, my phone beeped (哔哔响) loudly. A kind voice announced that she had something that belonged to my daughter. I ___1___ that I lived a three-hour drive away, and told her I would ask a friend to fetch the phone. My daughter had written my number on the inside of her phone’s case — good thinking!
After contacting the people I know who lived near the school, I was out of ___2___ — no one could go and ___3___ the phone, not surprisingly as it was the working day and everyone was busy. I decided to ask the lady to post the phone to my daughter. But when I sent her a text to ask if this would be OK, she replied, “We will ___4___ it and we’re going to drive down to the boarding school tonight.” To my ___5___, this wonderful couple, who had already spent a busy day at work, was making a round trip on the night, ___6___ for returning a phone to a complete stranger. How touching it was!
I gave them directions and they ___7___ the phone into the hands of my daughter at her boarding house. The only word of an explanation was, “I’ve got children of my own, and I know how a mother ___8___.”
We had thought that the chance of getting back the phone was ___9___, but we got it back in such a short time. It was a wonderful reminder of the good in the world and how the actions of one person can _____10_____ the world to another.
1. A. suggested B. reported C. explained D. argued
2. A. date B. luck C. work D. control
3. A. pick up B. carry out C. hand in D. give away
4. A. find B. show C. miss D. take
5. A. regret B. surprise C. amusement D. disappointment
6. A. especially B. certainly C. definitely D. probably
7. A. conducted B. arranged C. delivered D. identified
8. A. doubts B. interests C. predicts D. worries
9. A. free B. slim C. hard D. fair
10. A. tell B. face C. mean D. join
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了远在寄宿学校的女儿丢了手机，一对好心的陌生夫妇特地来回奔波给她送手机的事情。作者从此事中感受到，人的善行能够影响到别人。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我解释道我住在三小时的车程开外，并且告诉她我会让一个朋友去拿这个手机。A. suggested建议；B. reported报道；C. explained解释；D. argued争论。根据语境可知，此处母亲“我”接到来自对方的电话，应该是与对方解释自己路程较远。故选C项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在联系了住在学校附近的熟人后，我很不走运——没人能去接电话，这并不奇怪，因为那天是工作日，大家都很忙。A. date日期，B. luck运气；C. work工作；D. control控制。根据下文“not surprisingly as it was the working day and everyone was busy”推测，因为那天是工作日，大家都很忙，“我”并没有找到可以拿手机的人，应该是不走运的。out of luck“不走运的”。故选B项。
【3题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. pick up捡起，获得；B. carry out执行；C. hand in上交；D. give away捐赠。根据上文语境可知，此处“我”找不到可以拿手机的人，pick up the phone“拿手机”，符合题意。故选A项。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我给她发短信问她这样行不行时，她回答：“我们将会带上它，并且我们今天晚上将会开车去寄宿学校。”A. find找到；B. show展示；C. miss错过，想念；D. take带。根据下文“drive down to the boarding school”判断，陌生人应该是要带上手机去找“我”的女儿，将手机还给她。故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，这对完美的夫妇，已经忙了一天的工作，却要在晚上来回奔波，尤其是为了把手机还给一个完全陌生的人。A. regret遗憾；B. surprise惊讶；C. amusement娱乐；D. disappointment失望。根据本句句意推测，“我”应该对于这对陌生夫妇的表现非常吃惊。故选B项。
【6题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. especially尤其；B. certainly当然；C. definitely肯定。根据语境判断，“我”认为陌生夫妇的行为是让人惊讶的，尤其是为了陌生人。故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我给了他们方向，他们将手机递到了在公寓里的我女儿的手上。A. conducted执行；B. arranged安排；C. delivered递送；D. identified识别。根据上文可知，此处陌生夫妇将手机送到了“我”的女儿的手上。故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我有我自己的孩子，我知道一个妈妈有多担心。A. doubts怀疑；B. interests感兴趣；C. predicts预测；D. worries担心。根据“I’ve got my children of my own”可知，这位送手机的也是一位母亲，也能体会到作为一个母亲的担心。故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们原以为拿回手机的机会很渺茫，但是我们在这么短的时间内就把它拿了回来。A. free空闲的；B. slim小的，少的；C. hard困难的；D. fair公平的。根据后半句句意推测，原来对于拿回手机这件事已经不抱希望了，即希望很小。故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它很好地提醒我们世界上有善，并且一个人的行为对另一个人意味着整个世界。A. tell告诉；B. face面对；C. mean意味；D. join加入。根据语境判断，“我”从陌生夫妇的行为中知道了人的善行对于另外一个人的影响是如此之大，mean the world to another“对另外一个人意味着世界”，符合语境。故选C项。
三、阅读理解。本大题共15小题，共30分。
A
Arbeia Roman Fort and Museum
Location and History
Arbeia Roman Fort is situated on Hadrian's Wall. It was the most important structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian's Wall. The fort has been gradually uncovered and some original parts have been revealed. There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked.
The Reconstructions
The reconstructions of the Commanding Officer's house and soldiers' quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for soldiers is dark and uncomfortable, while the Commanding Officer's house is spacious and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.
The Museum
Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time. You will see weapons, tools, jewellery, and so on. You can also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones which survive to this day. There is a "hands—on" area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum staff. You can piece together pottery (陶器), or try writing just as the Romans would have done. For children, they can build this Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.
Opening Times and Getting ThereApril 1—October 31:Monday to Saturday 10:00am—5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm—5:00pm.November 1—March 31:Monday to Saturday 11:00am—4:00pm, closed Sunday.(Closed December 25—26 and January 1)Entry is free.Arbeia is only a ten—minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby.Website: www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia
11. According to the passage, Arbeia Roman Fort ________.
A. was related to the military B. got reconstructions around AD 160
C. was built in a small area in Rome D. provided a comfortable life for soldiers
12. What can visitors do in the museum
A. See historical objects. B. Build tombstones for the dead.
C. Write to Romans, D. Try using old tools and weapons.
13. What time does Arbeia Roman Fort close
A. On April 1. B. On October 31.
C. On November 1. D. On December 26.
【答案】11. A 12. A 13. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是应用文。主要向读者介绍阿尔比亚罗马城堡与博物馆的相关信息。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base…”（在大约公元160年被建，阿尔比亚罗马城堡是军事供给站…）可知，阿尔比亚罗马城堡和军事有关。故选A。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time.”（参观博物馆就可以见到许多在阿尔比亚发现的东西。他们在历史上都是很重要的，并且显示了当时人们的日常生活。）可知，在博物馆可以看到许多有历史的物件。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据框内信息“Closed December 25—26 and January 1”（12月25 、26号和1月1日闭馆）可知，D选项12月26日和文章信息一致。故选D。
B
Learning to say “yes, and”
When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect chance to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.
During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we’d better accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment. Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didn’t grow out of the information I’d presented. Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approach—accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. I got pretty excited about it.
The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell—one that isn’t behaving as expected.
I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isn’t to challenge data that support, a preconceived story, but to say “yes, and.”
14. Why did the author attend the improvisation class
A. To get a different experience.
B. To finish her Ph.D. at university.
C. To give up her job as a science communicator.
D. To improve her speaking and communicating ability.
15. What was the author’s change after attending the improvisation class
A. She formed her own idea quickly.
B. She came up with lots of creative responses.
C. She paid more attention to the logic of answers.
D. She became a good listener before giving an opinion.
16. The author mentions applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments to ________.
A. explain the process of using the method
B. prove the benefits of the improvisation class
C. share her own research experiences with readers
D. attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class
17. What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph
A. They should attend the improvisation class.
B. They should question all preconceived ideas.
C. They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.
D. They should try to improve their academic knowledge.
【答案】14. D 15. D 16. B 17. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者通过上即兴交流课，学会了“yes, and”方法，让自己更善于倾听，并给自己的科学研究带来了好处。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect chance to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.”（作为一个安静害羞的女孩，我害怕在陌生人面前即兴交流。然而，我知道我想在完成博士学位后成为一名科学交流者，因此，这似乎是一个学习如何有效地与他人交谈和沟通的绝佳机会。我报名了，因为我知道这段经历会给我帮助）可知，因为作者打算的完成博士学位后成为一名科学交流者，需要提高与他人交谈和沟通的能力，但她一个安静害羞的女孩，她参加即兴交流课是想要提高自己的交谈和沟通的能力，由此可知，作者参加即兴交流课是为了提高她的交谈和沟通能力。故选D项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.”（最初的几个场景很难，但随着上了几个月课后，我变得更舒服了，甚至开始享受我们的课程。我变得更善于倾听，更善于与我的谈话伙伴交流，也更善于在这一刻清晰地沟通）可知，在上了几周课后，作者变得更善于倾听，更善于与谈话伙伴交流，也更善于清晰地沟通，由此可知，作者参加即兴交流课后的变化是：在发表意见之前，她成了一个很好的倾听者。故选D项。
【16题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell—one that isn’t behaving as expected.”（在上课之前，当我的实验产生意想不到的数据时，我会被卡住，觉得自己犯了一个错误。但是现在，我不会灰心，而是会对结果是真实的可能性保持开放态度，继续探索数据，最终发现一种新类型的细胞——一种不符合预期的细胞）和最后一段关键句“I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson.”（我认为所有的科学家都能从这个课中受益）可知，运用了“yes, and”方法，让作者在进行科学实验的过程中受益，她会对意想不到的结果持开放态度，继续研究，最终有了意想不到的科学发现，她认为所有的科学家都能从这个课中受益，由此可知，作者提到在她的科学实验中运用“yes, and”的方法是为了证明即兴交流课的好处。故选B项。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isn’t to challenge data that support, a preconceived story, but to say “yes, and.””（如果数据显示犀牛是图书管理员，那么就有必要了解犀牛是否是图书管理员。作为科学家，我们的工作不是去挑战支持一个事先形成的描述的数据，而是说“yes, and”）可知，作者认为面对之前的科学数据，我们的工作并不是去挑战它，而是要接受它，并继续研究，探索真伪，由此可知，从最后一段可以推断出科学家应该通过接受早期数据进行研究。故选C项。
C
Success and Risk in Extreme Sports
What is it that drives some to take extreme risks, while the rest of us hurry for the safety of the sidelines
Lester Keller, sports-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions. But others have a much higher tolerance for risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller that “the high element of risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself”. He said he would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more.
Psychologists note that some people seem to have a strong desire for adrenaline (肾上腺素) rushes as a behavior seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cook’s appetite for risk appeared at a young age. “I was a gymnast,” she said. “I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were upside down.” As she started doing harder tricks, she was drawn to the challenge. “There are moments when you’re up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in the world.”
Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. “To me, that just seems like the height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared for years.” Murphy said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes’ view, they have a lot of control, and there are many things that they do to minimize risk.”
Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present. “Something that makes you try doing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps, is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what you’re doing,” Murphy says. “After it’s over, there’s great excitement.”
People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme. “I can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around, because that’s my skill level,” Murphy says. “But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.”
18. By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that ______.
A. extreme athletes must learn special skills
B. extreme athletes have chances to take risks
C. many people don’t want to do extreme sports
D. many people can’t limit desire for extreme sports
19. What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions
A. They put in lots of preparation for challenges.
B. They are more fortunate than other sportspeople.
C. They carry little risk when facing big challenges.
D. They have special reasons that others can’t easily understand.
20. What main point is made in Paragraph 5
A. Extreme athletes use techniques other people don’t use.
B. Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme sports.
C. Most people lack the focus required to take bigger risks.
D. A certain state of mind makes attempting an activity more likely.
21. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoid
B. those who take risks are more likely to be successful in life
C. extreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than others
D. taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people think
【答案】18. C 19. A 20. D 21. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了极限运动的成功与风险。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。分析文章第二段第二句“He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions.”（他指出，我们中的大多数人达到了一个自然的上限，这个（自然上限）限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望。）可知，这里含有一个定语从句，先行词为a natural ceiling，定语从句对a natural ceiling进行修饰，“限制了我们在复杂条件下对极端风险的欲望”说明许多人不想做极限运动。故选C项。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段开头提到的“groups climbing Everest”（攀登珠穆朗玛峰的团体）和第二句“To me, that just seems like the height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared for years.”（“在我看来，这似乎是最大的风险，”他说。“但对他们来说，这是他们准备多年的一项活动的下一步。”）可知，登山者为挑战做了大量的准备。故选A项。
【20题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第五段第一句“Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present.”（ 风险认知的另一个方面可能是被称之为“心流”的东西 ，在这种状态下，许多运动员全神贯注于将精力完全集中在当下的行为。）以及后面的进一步解释可知，本段要点就是“the flow”这种特定的精神状态会使你更有可能去尝试一项活动。故选D项。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme.”（不同技能水平的人在不同的时间体验这种流动。一些人可能总是被驱使去冒险，而另一些人则认为是极端的。）以及后文所举的事例可知，不同的技能水平的人有自己不同的选择，所以冒险是你可以选择做或选择避免的事情。故选A项。
【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。例如本文第3题，第五段的要点，就在段落第一句上，准确理解了段落第一句，也就抓住了段落要点。
D
Alzheimer's AI
An estimated 5.7 million people in the U.S. have Alzheimer's disease-the most common type of dementia(痴呆）－and that number is expected to more than double by 2050. Early diagnosis is crucial for patients to benefit from the few therapies available. But no scans can deliver a conclusive diagnosis while a person is alive; instead doctors have to conduct numerous and complicated clinical and neuropsychological tests.So there is growing interest in developing artificial intelligence to identify Alzheimer's based on brain imaging.
Researchers at the University of California,San Francisco, have now successfully trained an AI algorithm(算法）to recognize one of the early signs of Alzheimer's-a reduction in the brain's glucose（葡萄糖）consumption-in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
The algorithm accurately predicted an eventual Alzheimer's diagnosis in nearly all the test cases, according to the study. In PET imaging, a very small amount of a radioactive compound are injected into the body, producing three-dimensional images of metabolism(新陈代谢）,circulation and other cellular activities. PET is well suited for an AI diagnostic tool because Alzheimer's leads to subtle changes in the brain's metabolism that begin years before neural(神经的） tissue starts to go downhill, says study co-author Jae Ho Sohn,a radiologist at UCSF. These changes are "very hard for radiologists to pick up,"he notes.
The algorithm was trained and tested on 2,100 PET brain images from about 1,000 people 55 years and older. The images came from a 12-year study that tracked people who would ultimately be diagnosed with Alzheimer's, as well as those with mild memory declines and healthy control participants. The algorithm was trained on 90 percent of the data and tested on the remaining 10 percent. It was then retested on a second, independent data set from 40 patients monitored for 10 years. The algorithm was highly sensitive and was able to recognize 81 percent of the patients in the first test group and 100 percent in the second who would be diagnosed with Alzheimer's six years later, on average. The findings were published in February in Radiology.
The algorithm is based on "deep learning ,a machine-learning technique that uses artificial neural networks programmed to learn from examples. "This is one of the first promising,preliminary(初步的） applications of deep learning to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's," says Christian Salvatore, a physicist at Italy's National Research Council, who was not involved in the study. “The model performs very well when identifying patients with mild or late diagnoses", he says, “but catching it in the earliest stages remains one of the most critical open issues in this field."
22. People are increasingly interested in using AI to identify Alzheimer's because______
A. the number of people suffering from dementia is more than doubling
B. diagnostic methods that are both reliable and convenient are in need
C. there are only a limited number of effective therapies for the patients
D. diagnosing Alzheimer's disease through AI is still an unexplored area
23. What can we learn about PET imaging
A. It recognizes the worsening of the neural tissue.
B. It reduces the glucose consumption in the brain.
C. It changes the pattern of the brain's metabolism.
D It photographs various kinds of cellular activities.
24. According to Paragraph 4,_________.
A. 90% of the people in the study were trained on the algorithm
B. the participants in the study consist of people both young and old
C. 81% of the people in the first test group were diagnosed with Alzheimer's
D. the algorithm managed to recognize all the patients in the second test group
25. What can be inferred from Paragraph 5
A. The algorithm serves as a promising treatment of Alzheimer's.
B. Deep learning has been widely applied in diagnosing Alzheimer's.
C. To detect Alzheimer's in its earliest stages calls for more exploration.
D. Whether to use the model to detect Alzheimer's remains a critical issue.
【答案】22. B 23. D 24. D 25. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了利用人工智能诊断老年痴呆症，能够较早确诊。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的“Early diagnosis is crucial for patients to benefit from the few therapies available. But no scans can deliver a conclusive diagnosis while a person is alive; instead doctors have to conduct numerous and complicated clinical and neuropsychological tests.So there is growing interest in developing artificial intelligence to identify Alzheimer's based on brain imaging.( 早期诊断对于患者是至关重要的，为了从可用的少数疗法中受益。但是，在一个人还活着的时候，没有任何扫描可以提供决定性的诊断；相反，医生必须进行大量复杂的临床和神经心理学测试。因此，人们越来越有兴趣开发人工智能来识别基于大脑成像的阿尔茨海默病。)”可推断，人们越来越有兴趣使用人工智能来识别阿尔茨海默病是因为需要即可靠又方便的诊断方法，故选B。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段的“In PET imaging, a very small amount of a radioactive compound are injected into the body, producing three-dimensional images of metabolism(新陈代谢）,circulation and other cellular activities.( 在PET成像中，很少的放射性化合物被注入体内, 产生新陈代谢的、循环的和其他细胞活动的三维图像)”可知，PET影像拍摄各种细胞活动。故选D。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的“The algorithm was highly sensitive and was able to recognize 81 percent of the patients in the first test group and 100 percent in the second who would be diagnosed with Alzheimer's six years later, on average.( 该算法高度敏感，平均来说，成功识别了第一试验组81%的患者,六年后，识别了第二实验组100%的患者)”可知，该算法成功地识别了第二试验组的所有患者。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段的“but catching it in the earliest stages remains one of the most critical open issues in this field.( 在早期阶段识别它仍然是这一领域最关键的未决定的问题之一。)”可知，要在最早的阶段发现阿尔茨海默病，需要更多的探索。故选C。
四、词汇选择。本大题共20小题，共20分。
26. Ken's father is an athlete, and Ken has the similar ________ for sports.
A. enthusiasm B. sustainability C. extent
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：肯的父亲是一名运动员，而肯对体育运动也有相似的热情。A. enthusiasm热情；B.sustainability持续性；C.extent程度。根据上文的similar可推断，肯对运动有相似的热情。故选A。
【点睛】
27. I often turn to my friends for support when I have difficulty ________ with problems.
A. keeping up B. luring C. coping
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词/动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我在处理问题上遇到困难时，我经常向朋友寻求支持。A. keeping up (with)跟上，赶上；B. luring 劝诱，引诱；C. coping (with)应付，处理。根据句意和句中“problems”可知，句中指在处理问题上遇到困难时，“cope with”意为“应付，处理”，“have difficulty (in) doing sth.”意为“做某事有困难”，故空格处应用“cope”的动名词形式“coping”。故选C项。
28. Though Sam's music player didn't work well, he was ________ to throw it away.
A. reluctant B. steep C. extensive
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然山姆的音乐播放器效果不好，但他不愿意把它扔掉。A. reluctant不情愿的，勉强的；B. steep 陡峭的；突然的，急剧的；C. extensive广阔的；广泛的；大量的。根据都好前从句部分的含义“Though Sam's music player didn't work well,...虽然山姆的音乐播放器效果不好”可知此句为让步状语从句，因此主句部分表示转折，因此可知虽然播放器不好用了，但是他还是愿意扔掉它。故选A项。
29. During the department store's annual autumn ________, all clothing will be half price.
A. engagement B. promotion C. interaction
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在百货公司一年一度的秋季促销期间，所有的衣服都是半价。A. engagement约定；B. promotion促销活动；C. interaction互动。根据后文“all clothing will be half price.”可知，因为所有的衣服半价销售，所有此处指百货公司在促销。故选B。
30. The royal family has announced that the ________ of the new baby is female.
A. weight B. issue C. gender
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：皇室宣布新生儿的性别为女性。A.weight 重量；B.issue 问题；C.gender 性别。根据空格后“female”可知，空格处指性别。故选C。
31. Some department stores offer a 20% discount on food products six hours before the ________ date on the product.
A. packaging B. expiration C. composition
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意： 一些百货公司在食品保质期前6小时提供20%的折扣。A.packaging 外包装; B.expiration 到期; C. composition 作文。根据“offer a 20% discount on food products”可知，食品到期之前百货公司才会打折，expiration date “(食物的)有效期”。故选B。
32. If you have any problem ________ the homework, you can ask teachers for help.
A. regulating B. regarding C. recommending
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析和介词词义辨析。句意：如果你对作业有任何问题，你可以向老师寻求帮助。A. regulating（动词现在分词）控制；管理；B. regarding（介词）关于；至于；C. recommending（动词现在分词）建议；推荐。分析可知，空前“any problem”与空后“the homework”之间缺少介词，根据后文“you can ask teachers for help(你可以向老师寻求帮助)”语境可知，寻求老师的帮助应是遇到了与作业相关（regarding）的问题。故选B项。
33. Chris is not a confident person, so he tends to ________ when he needs to make a decision.
A. define B. deplete C. hesitate
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：克里斯不是一个自信的人，所以当他需要做决定时，他往往会犹豫。A. define下定义;B. deplete用尽；C. hesitate犹豫。根据前文“Chris is not a confident person”可知，因为克里斯不是一个自信的人，所以在做决定时，他犹豫了。故选C。
34. On the evening of July 1st 2021, the brilliant colors and designs of the fireworks ________ millions of people celebrating the centenary of the CPC.
A. dazzled B. wandered C. encountered
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年7月1日晚上，烟花的绚丽色彩和图案使庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年的数百万人惊叹。A.dazzled 使惊叹；B.wandered 漫游；C.encountered 遇到。根据空格前“the brilliant colors and designs of the fireworks”以及句意可知， 空格处应填表示“使惊叹，使叹服”。故选A。
35. The smoke ________ by the chemical factories is polluting our air and we have to take action immediately.
A. distracted B. released C. enrolled
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：化工厂排放出的烟雾正在污染我们的空气，我们必须立即采取行动。A. distracted分散（注意力）；使分心；B. released释放；发布；排放； C. enrolled注册；登记；招收。根据后文中的“the chemical factories化工厂”和“is polluting our air正在污染我们的空气 ”，可知是被“排放，释放”的烟雾。故选B项。
36. It is because of our hard work that our band is ________ of performing the new songs in such a short time.
A. strategic B. energized C. capable
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：因为我们的努力，我们的乐队能够在这么短的时间内演奏这些新歌。A.strategic战略性的；B.energized充满热情的；C. capable有能力的。be capable of 能够做某事。结合句意，故答案为C。
37. The map shows the ________ to the base of the mountain, which can be reached in an hour.
A. route B. prospect C. gesture
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这张地图展示了到山脚的路线，一个小时就能到达。A. route路线；B. prospect前景；C. gesture姿势。根据句中“which can be reached in an hour”可知，地图应该是展示了到山脚的路线，沿着这条路线，一个小时就能到达山脚，“route”意为“路线”，名词词性，符合句意。故选A项。
38. According to the results, voters' opinions differ on a variety of ________ issues, such as gun control, illegal immigration and so on.
A. nonessential B. controversial C. financial
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据结果来看，投票者们观点不同主要是在各种有争议的事情上，比如枪控的问题、非法移民等等。A. nonessential非本质的；B. controversial有争议的，引发争论的；C. financial金融的。根据句意可知，人们的观点不一样，应该是体现在有争议的问题上面。故选B。
39. There is a great ________ of information that points to him as being the person planning the accident.
A. application B. recreation C. abundance
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有大量的信息表明他是策划这次事故的人。A. application申请；B. recreation娱乐，消遣；C. abundance大量。根据句意可知，句中涉及固定短语“a great abundance of…”，意为“大量的……，丰富的……”，句中表示“大量的信息”，“abundance”意为“大量”，名词词性。故选C项。
40. Though college education leads to more and better employment opportunities, it is not the only ________ for a successful future.
A. option B. gorge C. principle
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管大学教育带来了更多更好的就业机会，但它并不是一个成功的未来的唯一选择。A. option选项，选择；B. gorge峡谷；C. principle原则。根据句意可知，句中指大学教育并不是通向成功的未来的唯一选择，由此可知，空格处应用“option”，意为“选项，选择”，名词词性，符合句意。故选A项。
41. The volunteers quit their jobs in the big city and taught in the ________ mountain area.
A. extra B. remote C. achievable
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：志愿者辞去了大城市的工作，到偏远山区教书。A. extra额外的；B. remote偏远的；C. achievable可完成的。根据后文“mountain area”指偏远山区应用remote。故选B。
42. The basketball match was so ________ that all the students were cheering for the players on the playground.
A. thrilling B. designated C. pressured
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这场篮球赛太激动人心了，所有学生都在操场上为队员们加油。A. thrilling紧张的；令人兴奋不已的；B. designated指定的；标出的；C. pressured紧迫的；感受压力的。根据后文“all the students were cheering for the players on the playground(所有的学生都在操场上为运动员们欢呼)”可知，篮球比赛令人兴奋（thrilling）。故选A项。
43. The Great Wall was strengthened and extended during the history for ________ purposes.
A. sentimental B. enormous C. defensive
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：长城在历史上是为了防御而加强和延伸的。A:sentimental柔情的;B:enormous巨大的;C:defensive防御的。根据“The Great Wall was strengthened and extended”可知长城加强和延伸的目的是为了防御。故答案为C。
44. Many people around the world are still deeply ________ by the news of the increasing cases of COVID-19 every day.
A. exploited B. exaggerated C. distressed
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析和被动语态。句意：世界上许多人仍然对每天增加COVID-19病例的消息深感悲痛。A. exploited开发，利用；B. exaggerated夸张，夸大；C. distressed使悲伤。根据句意可知，人们对每天增加COVID-19病例的消息应该是感到悲伤，“distress”意为“使悲伤”，动词词性，根据句意和句中“by”，句子为一般现在时的被动语态，“distress”的过去分词为“distressed”。故选C项。
45. Now that some endangered species are disappearing from the world at an alarming speed, it’s crucial to raise people’s ________ of protecting our planet.
A. comprehension B. consciousness C. conscience
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于一些濒危物种正以惊人的速度从世界上消失，提高人们保护地球的意识至关重要。A. comprehension理解力；B. consciousness意识，观念；C. conscience良心，良知。根据句意可知，濒危物种正以惊人的速度从世界上消失，由此可知，应该提高人们保护地球的意识，“consciousness”意为“意识，观念”，名词词性，“raise one’s consciousness of…”意为“提高某人……的意识”。故选B项。
第II卷
五、单词拼写。(本大题共10小题，共10分。)
汉译英
46. 古老的 adj. a________
47. 好奇心 n. c________
48. 方便 n. c________
49. 冠军 n. c________
50. 珍贵的 adj. p________
51. 骑行者 n. c________
52. 机会 n. o________
53. 专业的 adj. p________
54. 坚持不懈 v. p________
55. 奖牌 n. m________
【答案】46. ancient
47. curiosity
48. convenience
49. champion
50. precious
51. cyclist
52. opportunity
53. professional
54. persevere
55. medal
【解析】
【46题详解】
古老的 adj.，英文表达是“ancient”，故答案填ancient。
【47题详解】
好奇心 n.，英文表达是“curiosity”，故答案填curiosity。
【48题详解】
方便 n.，英文表达是“convenience”，故答案填convenience。
【49题详解】
冠军 n. ，英文表达是“champion”，故答案填champion。
【50题详解】
珍贵的 adj. ，英文表达是“precious”，故答案填precious。
【51题详解】
骑行者 n. ，英文表达是“cyclist”，故答案填cyclist。
【52题详解】
机会 n. ，英文表达是“opportunity”，故答案填opportunity。
【53题详解】
专业的 adj. ，英文表达是“professional”，故答案填professional。
【54题详解】
坚持不懈 v. ，英文表达是“persevere”，故答案填persevere。
【55题详解】
奖牌 n. ，英文表达是“medal”，故答案填medal。
六、短语拼写。(本大题共10小题，共20分。)
汉译英
56. 医学突破 ________
57. 做出明智的决定 ________
58. 享受……的刺激 ________
59. 移动图书馆 ________
60. 充分利用资源 ________
61. 增强免疫力 ________
62. 为比赛者加油鼓劲 ________
63. 阻止疾病扩散 ________
64. 整理想法 ________
65. 提倡使用环保材料 ________
【答案】56. medical breakthroughs
57. make informed/wise decisions; make an informed/a wise decision
58. enjoy the excitement of sth.
59. mobile libraries
60. take advantage of/make good use of resources
61. strengthen one's immune system
62. cheer on the competitors
63. prevent the spread of disease/prevent the spread of diseases
64. organize one's thoughts
65. advocate using environmentally-friendly materials
【解析】
【56题详解】
考查短语。医学突破，“医学的”的英文为medical；“突破”的英文为breakthrough，且为可数名词。故答案为medical breakthroughs。
【57题详解】
考查短语。做出明智的决定，“做出决定”的英文为make a decision/make decisions；“明智的”的英文为informed/wise。故答案为make informed/wise decisions; make an informed/a wise decision。
【58题详解】
考查短语。享受……的刺激，“享受”的英文为enjoy；“刺激”的英文为excitement。故答案为enjoy the excitement of sth.。
【59题详解】
考查短语。移动图书馆，“移动的”的英文为mobile；“图书馆”的英文为library，且为可数名词。故答案为mobile libraries。
【60题详解】
考查短语。充分利用资源，“充分利用”的英文为take advantage of/make good use of；“刺激”的英文为resource，且为可数名词。故答案为take advantage of/make good use of resources。
【61题详解】
考查短语。增强免疫力，“增强”的英文为strengthen；“免疫力”的英文为immune system。故答案为strengthen one's immune system。
【62题详解】
考查短语。为比赛者加油鼓劲，“为……加油鼓劲”的英文为cheer on；“比赛者”的英文为competitor，且为可数名词。故答案为cheer on the competitors。
【63题详解】
考查短语。阻止疾病扩散，“阻止……扩散”的英文为prevent the spread of；“疾病”的英文为disease，且为可数名词或不可数名词。故答案为prevent the spread of disease/prevent the spread of diseases。
【64题详解】
考查短语。整理想法，“整理”的英文为organize；“想法”的英文为thought，且为可数名词。故答案为organize one's thoughts。
【65题详解】
考查短语。提倡使用环保材料，“提倡”的英文为enjoy；“使用”的英文为enjoy；“环保的”的英文为environmentally-friendly；“材料”的英文为material，且为可数名词。故答案为advocate using environmentally-friendly materials。
七、选词填空：(本大题共7小题，共14分。)
根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。
involve, apply, cover, dismiss, appeal, access, account for, explore, feature
66. The electronic device is creatively designed to ________ to all ages and social groups.
67. Walking and cycling are two best ways to ________ the city without rushing your time.
68. Without ________ to education, many girls in developing countries cannot learn skills and realize their potential.
69. The success of athletes ________ hard training and commitment for excellence.
70. What ________ the unusual rainfall in Beijing in the past summer and autumn
71. Different from Summer Olympic Games, Winter Olympic games ________ sports on either ice or snow, such as figure skating, skiing, snowboarding and ski jumping.
72. Despite the harsh weather our soldiers, with 20 kg weight on their back, ________ 70 km overnight and made it through the toughest battle.
【答案】66. appeal
67. explore
68. accessing
69. involves
70. accounted for
71. feature
72. covered
【解析】
【66题详解】
考查动词。句意：该电子设备的创新设计是为了吸引所有年龄段的社会群体。分析句子可知，设空处与前面的to构成不定式，表示目的；短语appeal to表示“有吸引力的”，符合句意，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填appeal。
【67题详解】
考查动词。句意：步行和骑自行车是不需要赶时间就能探索城市的两种最好的方式。分析句子可知，设空处与前面的to构成不定式，表示目的，explore表示“探索”，符合句意要求，不定式符号to后接动词原形。故填explore。
【68题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：没有受教育的机会，发展中国家的许多女孩无法学习技能和发挥潜力。短语access to表示“有机会/权利”，符合句意要求，介词without后缺少宾语，因而用access的动名词形式。故填accessing。
【69题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：运动员的成功需要刻苦的训练和对卓越的追求。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少谓语动词，动词involve有“需要；使成为必然部分”的意思，符合句意，本句陈述一般事实，因而用一般现在时，主语是The success表示“成功”，为不可数名词。故填involves。
【70题详解】
考查短语和时态。句意：是什么原因导致北京去年夏秋两季出现异常降雨？分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少谓语，短语account for有“导致”的意思，符合句意，根据时间状语in the past summer and autumn可知，本句用一般过去时。故填accounted for。
【71题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：与夏季奥运会不同，冬季奥运会的特色是冰上或雪地运动，如花样滑冰、滑雪、滑雪板和跳台滑雪。分析句子结构可知，设空处缺少谓语，动词feature有“以……为特色”的意思，符合句意，本句在陈述一般事实，因而用一般现在时，主语是games，为复数形式。故填feature。
【72题详解】
考查动词和时态。句意：尽管天气恶劣，我们的士兵背负着20公斤的重量，一夜之间行进了70公里，并完成了最艰苦的战斗。分析句子结构可知，设空处由and连接，与made并列作谓语，动词cover有“行走”的意思，符合句意，根据made的时态可知，设空处也用一般过去时。故填covered。
八、补全句子：请根据括号中所给单词或中文意思填空，注意使用恰当形式。(本大题共8小题，共16分。)
73. Upon our ________ (arrive) at the top of the mountain, we took a selfie to freeze the moment in time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】arrival
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们一到达山顶，就拍了一张自拍，以便及时定格这一时刻。分析句子可知，“our”为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，作介词“Upon”的宾语，“arrive”意为“到达”，动词词性，对应的名词为“arrival”，意为“到达”，为不可数名词，“upon one’s arrival”意为“某人一到达就……”。故填arrival。
74. It's perfectly ________ (accept) for students to air different opinions in class. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】acceptable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：学生在课堂上发表不同的意见是完全可以接受的。分析句子可知，设空处应填形容词作表语，构成固定句型：It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 意为“做某事对于某人来说怎样”；再结合句意“可以接受的”是acceptable。故填acceptable。
75. Eventually, the climber overcame himself and mounted to a ________ (high) of 6000 meters. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】height
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：最终，登山者克服了困难，登上了6000米高的山峰。根据空格前冠词“a”可知，空格处应填名词单数形式。故填height。
76. Learning some effective problem-solving skills can enable you to handle your family issues ________ (responsible) and wisely. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】responsibly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：学习一些有效的解决问题的技巧可以使你负责任地、明智地处理你的家庭问题。分析句子结构可知，空处需用副词作状语，修饰动词 handle；responsible的副词为responsibly 。故填responsibly。
77. Amazed at our outstanding ________ (perform), all the audience burst into thunderous applause. (所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】performance##performances
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：观众们对我们出色的表演赞叹不已，全场爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。根据空前的outstanding可知，空处需要名词，作宾语，performance “表演”，名词；根据语境可知，本空既可用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。故填performance/performances。
78. Students are encouraged to set ________ (reality) goals so that they are more likely to gain a sense of achievement. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】realistic
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：鼓励学生设定现实的目标，这样他们更有可能获得成就感。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词goals；reality的形容词为realistic“现实的”。故填realistic。
79. Tears rolled down their cheeks when they ________ (回顾过去) and talked about the good times they shared together. (根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】looked back on the past
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。句意：当他们回顾过去，谈起共同度过的美好时光时，泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。根据句意和句中“talked about”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，动词要用过去式，根据汉语提示“回顾过去”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“look back on the past”，意为“回顾过去，回首过去”，“look”的过去式为“looked”。故填looked back on the past。
80. It is my English teacher who ________ (让我接触到了阅读的乐趣). (根据汉语提示完成句子）
【答案】introduces/introduced/has introduced me to the joy of reading
【解析】
【详解】考查强调句，动词短语和时态。句意：正是我的英语老师让我接触到了阅读的乐趣。分析可知，将英语句子中的“It is”以及“who”省略掉，句子结构完整，由此可知，英语句子为强调句式：it is+被强调部分+that/who+其他，因此，原陈述句应是：my English teacher________ (让我接触到了阅读的乐趣)。设空处对应汉语表达“让我接触到了阅读的乐趣”，其中，“让我接触到……”可用动词短语“introduce sb. to sth”表达，即，“introduce me to…”，在句子中应是谓语，结合语境表达可使用一般现在时/一般过去时/现在完成时表达，主语“my English teacher”为第三人称单数，即，动词“introduce”应是“introduces/introduced/has introduced”；“阅读的乐趣”用名词短语“the joy of reading”表达。故答案为：introduces/introduced/has introduced me to the joy of reading。
九、作文。(本大题共1题，共10分。)
81. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国朋友Chris在给你的邮件中提到他刚进入一所新学校，学习和生活压力很大。他来信向你寻求建议。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示理解；
2. 提供减压的建议；
3. 祝福他早日适应新生活。
注意：开头和结尾段已给出，请补充中间内容。
Dear Chris,
I'm sorry to learn that you've been under a lot of pressure lately. It is natural to feel pressured when you attend a new school.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I believe it will all work out. Cheer up! Let me know if I can help further.
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Chris,
I'm sorry to learn that you've been under a lot of pressure lately. It is natural to feel pressured when you attend a new school. I hope you will soon cheer up. Here are some suggestions that can help you deal with stress.
First, try to build up your confidence. Study is a long-term process and confidence plays an important role in it. So never give up no matter what happens. Second, you should find your own strengths and weaknesses, and seek help from both teachers and classmates when facing difficulties and stress. Last but not least, do more physical exercise so as to keep fit as well as relax yourself. I hope you will get out of your trouble soon.
I believe it will all work out. Cheer up! Let me know if I can help further.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Chris通过邮件的方式提供一些缓解学习和生活压力的建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→advice
对付，应对：deal with→cope with
保持健康：keep fit→keep health
摆脱麻烦：get out of trouble→get rid of trouble
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句： Last but not least, do more physical exercise so as to keep fit as well as relax yourself.
拓展句：Last but not least, do more physical exercise so that you can keep fit as well as relax yourself.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Here are some suggestions that can help you deal with stress.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】So never give up no matter what happens.（运用了“no matter+疑问词”引导的让步状语从句）
听力答案： 1—5 AABCC 6—10 BABCA 11—15 CBBAC
16. tests 17. introduction 18. social 19. timetables 20. London北京师大附中2021—2022学年上学期高一年级期中考试英语试卷
本试卷有九道大题，考试时长120分钟，满分150分。
第I卷
一、听力。本大题共20小题，共20分。
第一节
听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What animals did the woman see in the photos
A. Elephants. B. Lions. C. Zebras.
2. Why is the woman going to Thailand
A. To see a dentist.
B. To get her insurance.
C. To enjoy the scenery.
3. What problem is the woman facing
A. The hotel reserved the wrong room.
B. There are no single rooms available.
C. She can't stay for three nights.
4. What does the woman think of the retired life
A. Relaxing. B. Exciting. C. Boring.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. The weather. B. Animals. C. A raincoat.
第二节
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. How long has the man done his job
A. Six months. B. Two years. C. Two and a half years.
7. What does the woman advise the man to do
A. Quit the job. B. Work hard. C. Put up a notice.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Where are the speakers going
A. To a garage. B. To the city center. C. To a gas station.
9. What does the man suggest the woman do
A. Go on a business trip.
B. Drive her husband's car.
C. Take a ride in his car.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What kind of English textbook does the man decide to buy
A. Poetry. B. Writing. C. Literature.
11. How much will the man pay
A.$10. B. $ 29. C. $ 39.
12. What will the man probably do
A. Pay by credit card. B. Fill out a form. C. Buy another textbook.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13. How long will the listeners be walking
A. Six days. B. Eight days. C. Ten days.
14. Where will each walker's sponsorship money go
A. To a student. B. To a teacher. C. To a school.
15. What will the listeners do during the walking
A. Share equipment with local people.
B. Carry all of their belongings.
C. Walk in the foothills.
第三节
听下面一段独白，完成第16至第20小题，每空只需填写一个词。听独白前，你有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你有90秒钟的作答时间。本段独白你将听两遍。
Activities for Today
Time Things to do
9:00 a.m.— 10:30 a.m. Do some 16. ________
About 10:30 a.m. Have a break
About 11:00 a.m. Listen to a(n) 17. ________ to the Learning Centre
11:30 a.m. Learn about the 18. ________ programme
Midday Get personal 19. ________
About 12:30 p.m. Have lunch
Afternoon Listen to a talk about 20. ________
二、完形填空。本大题共10小题，共10分。
One Mother to Another
On Wednesday evening, our daughter, who was at a boarding school over 200 kilometers away, told us that she had lost her phone when she took part in an activity off campus. We realized that we had little chance of finding it.
The next morning, my phone beeped (哔哔响) loudly. A kind voice announced that she had something that belonged to my daughter. I ___1___ that I lived a three-hour drive away, and told her I would ask a friend to fetch the phone. My daughter had written my number on the inside of her phone’s case — good thinking!
After contacting the people I know who lived near the school, I was out of ___2___ — no one could go and ___3___ the phone, not surprisingly as it was the working day and everyone was busy. I decided to ask the lady to post the phone to my daughter. But when I sent her a text to ask if this would be OK, she replied, “We will ___4___ it and we’re going to drive down to the boarding school tonight.” To my ___5___, this wonderful couple, who had already spent a busy day at work, was making a round trip on the night, ___6___ for returning a phone to a complete stranger. How touching it was!
I gave them directions and they ___7___ the phone into the hands of my daughter at her boarding house. The only word of an explanation was, “I’ve got children of my own, and I know how a mother ___8___.”
We had thought that the chance of getting back the phone was ___9___, but we got it back in such a short time. It was a wonderful reminder of the good in the world and how the actions of one person can _____10_____ the world to another.
1. A. suggested B. reported C. explained D. argued
2. A. date B. luck C. work D. control
3. A. pick up B. carry out C. hand in D. give away
4. A. find B. show C. miss D. take
5. A. regret B. surprise C. amusement D. disappointment
6. A. especially B. certainly C. definitely D. probably
7. A. conducted B. arranged C. delivered D. identified
8. A. doubts B. interests C. predicts D. worries
9. A. free B. slim C. hard D. fair
10. A. tell B. face C. mean D. join
三、阅读理解。本大题共15小题，共30分。
A
Arbeia Roman Fort and Museum
Location and History
Arbeia Roman Fort is situated on Hadrian's Wall. It was the most important structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrian's Wall. The fort has been gradually uncovered and some original parts have been revealed. There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked.
The Reconstructions
The reconstructions of the Commanding Officer's house and soldiers' quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for soldiers is dark and uncomfortable, while the Commanding Officer's house is spacious and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.
The Museum
Visit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time. You will see weapons, tools, jewellery, and so on. You can also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones which survive to this day. There is a "hands—on" area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum staff. You can piece together pottery (陶器), or try writing just as the Romans would have done. For children, they can build this Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.
Opening Times and Getting ThereApril 1—October 31:Monday to Saturday 10:00am—5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm—5:00pm.November 1—March 31:Monday to Saturday 11:00am—4:00pm, closed Sunday.(Closed December 25—26 and January 1)Entry is free.Arbeia is only a ten—minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby.Website: www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia
11. According to the passage, Arbeia Roman Fort ________.
A. was related to the military B. got reconstructions around AD 160
C. was built in a small area in Rome D. provided a comfortable life for soldiers
12. What can visitors do in the museum
A. See historical objects. B. Build tombstones for the dead.
C. Write to Romans, D. Try using old tools and weapons.
13. What time does Arbeia Roman Fort close
A. On April 1. B. On October 31.
C. On November 1. D. On December 26.
B
Learning to say “yes, and”
When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it seemed like a perfect chance to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.
During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we’d better accept what fellow performers say. If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment. Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didn’t grow out of the information I’d presented. Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approach—accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. I got pretty excited about it.
The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell—one that isn’t behaving as expected.
I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it’s worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isn’t to challenge data that support, a preconceived story, but to say “yes, and.”
14. Why did the author attend the improvisation class
A. To get a different experience.
B. To finish her Ph.D. at university.
C. To give up her job as a science communicator.
D. To improve her speaking and communicating ability.
15. What was the author’s change after attending the improvisation class
A. She formed her own idea quickly.
B She came up with lots of creative responses.
C. She paid more attention to the logic of answers.
D. She became a good listener before giving an opinion.
16. The author mentions applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments to ________.
A. explain the process of using the method
B. prove the benefits of the improvisation class
C. share her own research experiences with readers
D. attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class
17. What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph
A. They should attend the improvisation class.
B. They should question all preconceived ideas.
C They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.
D. They should try to improve their academic knowledge.
C
Success and Risk in Extreme Sports
What is it that drives some to take extreme risks, while the rest of us hurry for the safety of the sidelines
Lester Keller, sports-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions. But others have a much higher tolerance for risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told Keller that “the high element of risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself”. He said he would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more.
Psychologists note that some people seem to have a strong desire for adrenaline (肾上腺素) rushes as a behavior seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cook’s appetite for risk appeared at a young age. “I was a gymnast,” she said. “I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were upside down.” As she started doing harder tricks, she was drawn to the challenge. “There are moments when you’re up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in the world.”
Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. “To me, that just seems like the height of risk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that they’ve prepared for years.” Murphy said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes’ view, they have a lot of control, and there are many things that they do to minimize risk.”
Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present. “Something that makes you try doing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps, is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what you’re doing,” Murphy says. “After it’s over, there’s great excitement.”
People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that others consider extreme. “I can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around, because that’s my skill level,” Murphy says. “But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.”
18. By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that ______.
A. extreme athletes must learn special skills
B. extreme athletes have chances to take risks
C. many people don’t want to do extreme sports
D. many people can’t limit desire for extreme sports
19. What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions
A. They put in lots of preparation for challenges.
B. They are more fortunate than other sportspeople.
C. They carry little risk when facing big challenges.
D. They have special reasons that others can’t easily understand.
20. What main point is made in Paragraph 5
A. Extreme athletes use techniques other people don’t use.
B. Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme sports.
C. Most people lack the focus required to take bigger risks.
D. A certain state of mind makes attempting an activity more likely.
21. We can learn from the passage that ______.
A. risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoid
B. those who take risks are more likely to be successful in life
C. extreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than others
D. taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people think
D
Alzheimer's AI
An estimated 5.7 million people in the U.S. have Alzheimer's disease-the most common type of dementia(痴呆）－and that number is expected to more than double by 2050. Early diagnosis is crucial for patients to benefit from the few therapies available. But no scans can deliver a conclusive diagnosis while a person is alive; instead doctors have to conduct numerous and complicated clinical and neuropsychological tests.So there is growing interest in developing artificial intelligence to identify Alzheimer's based on brain imaging.
Researchers at the University of California,San Francisco, have now successfully trained an AI algorithm(算法）to recognize one of the early signs of Alzheimer's-a reduction in the brain's glucose（葡萄糖）consumption-in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
The algorithm accurately predicted an eventual Alzheimer's diagnosis in nearly all the test cases, according to the study. In PET imaging, a very small amount of a radioactive compound are injected into the body, producing three-dimensional images of metabolism(新陈代谢）,circulation and other cellular activities. PET is well suited for an AI diagnostic tool because Alzheimer's leads to subtle changes in the brain's metabolism that begin years before neural(神经的） tissue starts to go downhill, says study co-author Jae Ho Sohn,a radiologist at UCSF. These changes are "very hard for radiologists to pick up,"he notes.
The algorithm was trained and tested on 2,100 PET brain images from about 1,000 people 55 years and older. The images came from a 12-year study that tracked people who would ultimately be diagnosed with Alzheimer's, as well as those with mild memory declines and healthy control participants. The algorithm was trained on 90 percent of the data and tested on the remaining 10 percent. It was then retested on a second, independent data set from 40 patients monitored for 10 years. The algorithm was highly sensitive and was able to recognize 81 percent of the patients in the first test group and 100 percent in the second who would be diagnosed with Alzheimer's six years later, on average. The findings were published in February in Radiology.
The algorithm is based on "deep learning ,a machine-learning technique that uses artificial neural networks programmed to learn from examples. "This is one of the first promising,preliminary(初步的） applications of deep learning to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's," says Christian Salvatore, a physicist at Italy's National Research Council, who was not involved in the study. “The model performs very well when identifying patients with mild or late diagnoses", he says, “but catching it in the earliest stages remains one of the most critical open issues in this field."
22. People are increasingly interested in using AI to identify Alzheimer's because______
A. the number of people suffering from dementia is more than doubling
B. diagnostic methods that are both reliable and convenient are in need
C. there are only a limited number of effective therapies for the patients
D. diagnosing Alzheimer's disease through AI is still an unexplored area
23. What can we learn about PET imaging
A. It recognizes the worsening of the neural tissue.
B. It reduces the glucose consumption in the brain.
C. It changes the pattern of the brain's metabolism.
D. It photographs various kinds of cellular activities.
24. According to Paragraph 4,_________.
A. 90% of the people in the study were trained on the algorithm
B. the participants in the study consist of people both young and old
C. 81% of the people in the first test group were diagnosed with Alzheimer's
D. the algorithm managed to recognize all the patients in the second test group
25. What can be inferred from Paragraph 5
A. The algorithm serves as a promising treatment of Alzheimer's.
B. Deep learning has been widely applied in diagnosing Alzheimer's.
C. To detect Alzheimer's in its earliest stages calls for more exploration.
D. Whether to use the model to detect Alzheimer's remains a critical issue.
四、词汇选择。本大题共20小题，共20分。
26. Ken's father is an athlete, and Ken has the similar ________ for sports.
A. enthusiasm B. sustainability C. extent
27. I often turn to my friends for support when I have difficulty ________ with problems.
A. keeping up B. luring C. coping
28. Though Sam's music player didn't work well, he was ________ to throw it away.
A. reluctant B. steep C. extensive
29. During the department store's annual autumn ________, all clothing will be half price.
A. engagement B. promotion C. interaction
30. The royal family has announced that the ________ of the new baby is female.
A. weight B. issue C. gender
31. Some department stores offer a 20% discount on food products six hours before the ________ date on the product.
A. packaging B. expiration C. composition
32. If you have any problem ________ the homework, you can ask teachers for help.
A. regulating B. regarding C. recommending
33. Chris is not a confident person, so he tends to ________ when he needs to make a decision.
A. define B. deplete C. hesitate
34. On the evening of July 1st 2021, the brilliant colors and designs of the fireworks ________ millions of people celebrating the centenary of the CPC.
A. dazzled B. wandered C. encountered
35. The smoke ________ by the chemical factories is polluting our air and we have to take action immediately.
A. distracted B. released C. enrolled
36. It is because of our hard work that our band is ________ of performing the new songs in such a short time.
A. strategic B. energized C. capable
37. The map shows the ________ to the base of the mountain, which can be reached in an hour.
A. route B. prospect C. gesture
38. According to the results, voters' opinions differ on a variety of ________ issues, such as gun control, illegal immigration and so on.
A. nonessential B. controversial C. financial
39. There is a great ________ of information that points to him as being the person planning the accident.
A. application B. recreation C. abundance
40. Though college education leads to more and better employment opportunities, it is not the only ________ for a successful future.
A. option B. gorge C. principle
41. The volunteers quit their jobs in the big city and taught in the ________ mountain area.
A extra B. remote C. achievable
42. The basketball match was so ________ that all the students were cheering for the players on the playground.
A. thrilling B. designated C. pressured
43. The Great Wall was strengthened and extended during the history for ________ purposes.
A. sentimental B. enormous C. defensive
44. Many people around the world are still deeply ________ by the news of the increasing cases of COVID-19 every day.
A. exploited B. exaggerated C. distressed
45. Now that some endangered species are disappearing from the world at an alarming speed, it’s crucial to raise people’s ________ of protecting our planet.
A. comprehension B. consciousness C. conscience
第II卷
五、单词拼写。(本大题共10小题，共10分。)
汉译英
46. 古老的 adj. a________
47. 好奇心 n. c________
48. 方便 n. c________
49 冠军 n. c________
50. 珍贵的 adj. p________
51. 骑行者 n. c________
52. 机会 n. o________
53. 专业的 adj. p________
54. 坚持不懈 v. p________
55. 奖牌 n. m________
六、短语拼写。(本大题共10小题，共20分。)
汉译英
56. 医学突破 ________
57. 做出明智的决定 ________
58. 享受……的刺激 ________
59 移动图书馆 ________
60. 充分利用资源 ________
61. 增强免疫力 ________
62. 为比赛者加油鼓劲 ________
63. 阻止疾病扩散 ________
64. 整理想法 ________
65. 提倡使用环保材料 ________
七、选词填空：(本大题共7小题，共14分。)
根据句意，选择单词或短语并以其适当形式填空。
involve, apply, cover, dismiss, appeal, access, account for, explore, feature
66. The electronic device is creatively designed to ________ to all ages and social groups.
67. Walking and cycling are two best ways to ________ the city without rushing your time.
68. Without ________ to education, many girls in developing countries cannot learn skills and realize their potential.
69. The success of athletes ________ hard training and commitment for excellence.
70. What ________ the unusual rainfall in Beijing in the past summer and autumn
71. Different from Summer Olympic Games, Winter Olympic games ________ sports on either ice or snow, such as figure skating, skiing, snowboarding and ski jumping.
72. Despite the harsh weather, our soldiers, with 20 kg weight on their back, ________ 70 km overnight and made it through the toughest battle.
八、补全句子：请根据括号中所给单词或中文意思填空，注意使用恰当形式。(本大题共8小题，共16分。)
73. Upon our ________ (arrive) at the top of the mountain, we took a selfie to freeze the moment in time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
74. It's perfectly ________ (accept) for students to air different opinions in class. (所给词的适当形式填空）
75. Eventually, the climber overcame himself and mounted to a ________ (high) of 6000 meters. (所给词的适当形式填空）
76. Learning some effective problem-solving skills can enable you to handle your family issues ________ (responsible) and wisely. (所给词的适当形式填空)
77. Amazed at our outstanding ________ (perform), all the audience burst into thunderous applause. (所给词的适当形式填空）
78. Students are encouraged to set ________ (reality) goals so that they are more likely to gain a sense of achievement. (所给词的适当形式填空)
79. Tears rolled down their cheeks when they ________ (回顾过去) and talked about the good times they shared together. (根据汉语提示完成句子）
80. It is my English teacher who ________ (让我接触到了阅读的乐趣). (根据汉语提示完成句子）
九、作文。(本大题共1题，共10分。)
81. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华，你的英国朋友Chris在给你的邮件中提到他刚进入一所新学校，学习和生活压力很大。他来信向你寻求建议。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示理解；
2. 提供减压的建议；
3. 祝福他早日适应新生活。
注意：开头和结尾段已给出，请补充中间内容。
Dear Chris,
I'm sorry to learn that you've been under a lot of pressure lately. It is natural to feel pressured when you attend a new school.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I believe it will all work out. Cheer up! Let me know if I can help further.
Yours,
Li Hua
听力答案： 1—5 AABCC 6—10 BABCA 11—15 CBBAC
16. tests 17. introduction 18. social 19. timetables 20. London
