2020-2021学年上海徐汇区高二上学期期末考试英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: in Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a train station. B. At a travel agency.
C. At a bus station. D. At an airport.
2. A. Her sister’s. B. Her aunt’s. C. Her mother’s. D. Her brother’s.
3. A. $15. B. $18. C. $30. D. $33.
4. A. Terrific. B. Tough. C. Exciting. D. Well-paid.
5. A. Harmony in a community. B. Safety in the neighborhood.
C. Preparations for Christmas. D. Ways to save electricity.
6. A. He has bad study habits. B. He sleeps too much.
C. He wakes up early. D. He’s a top student.
7. A. He hadn’t noticed any change in Sean.
B. Sean looks very different without a beard.
C. Sean looks nicer without a beard.
D. He hasn’t seen Sean for a long time.
8. A. A certain gift from Hawaii. B. A grand wedding party.
C. Two plane tickets to Hawaii. D. A picture of the moon.
9. A. The job’s short hours make it impossible for her to refuse.
B. The job is turning into an excellent opportunity for her.
C. She’s looking forward to meeting her new colleagues.
D. She refused the position because of the low salary.
10. A. Give Daisy a call. B. Go back home.
C. Ask the police for help. D. Wait for a few more minutes.
Section B (15’)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. School life. B. The media.
C. Their families. D. Computer games.
12. A. Have children lose weight.
B. Learn more about childcare.
C. Let children go out on their own.
D. Make all of the decisions for their children.
13. A. Whether kids are well enough protected.
B. How kids are different from how they used to be.
C. Whether parents should be worrying too much about their kids.
D. How parents have adapted themselves to the present situation.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The various taxes. B. The tyres.
C. the repairs. D. The fittings.
15. A. Pollution from factories. B. Poisonous gases from cars.
C. Low-quality food products. D. Harmful materials used in cars.
16. A. When there is a traffic jam.
B. When the car is in bad condition.
C. When the driver has a bad temper.
D. When fuel becomes expensive.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. How English food is made.
B. Why Indian foods are often tasteless.
C. Why foods in some countries are spicy.
D. How spicy food was introduced into England.
18. A. The food in cold regions is usually tasty.
B. The climate has little effect on the local food.
C. India and England have quite similar climate.
D. Spicy food causes people to sweat, cooling them off.
19. A. They cover the bad smells of food.
B. They give the food a unique flavor.
C. They slow down the growth of bacteria.
D. They come in handy where there is no refrigerator.
20. A. The mention of them makes the woman hungry.
B. Plants and bacteria can live in harmony to some extent.
C. Plants’ unique flavors have contributed to their survival.
D. It takes a longer time for plants like onion and garlic to grow.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
John, an ESL tutor of a community college, moved to New York City with all the members of his family. John is a remarkable teacher, so _____1_____ (be) his students for several years, we all missed him very much since he left. It was not long ______2______ John came back to North Carolina to handle some rounding-off (结束) affairs, ESL teachers and we students held a small party for him.
At the party, ____3____people walked around and talked with each other cheerfully, I certainly would not lightly give up that good opportunity to learn English. Then I tried to think of all sorts of topics to converse with Monica, another ESL teacher.
Just before I was about _____4_____ (run) out of my topics of conversation when I heard John said to others loudly, “I dig New York!” I immediately asked Monica seriously, “Is it really difficult to find a job in New York Why does John, such _____5_____ outstanding ESL teacher, have to do laborious work ”
Looking puzzled, Monica asked, “Why do you have such a feeling ”
“Haven’t you heard him say that he ____6____ (dig) New York Is he building a tunnel ” I replied. When she finally understood ____7____ I said, Monica laughed so hard as to narrowly escape spewing (喷出) her food in her mouth. Wearing a broad smile, she gestured to us to stop talking, and then asked us, the ESL students, ____8____ we knew the meaning of “I dig New York.” All of us shook our heads and said no. Monica then requested John to explain it to us.
____9____ turns out that, in American slang, “I dig New York” means, “I love New York.” Though few people say like that nowadays, we can still find it _____10_____ (use) in literary works.
【答案】1. having been
2. before 3. where
4. to turn 5. an
6. is digging
7. what 8. whether##if
9. It 10. used
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了当我们的第二外语教师即将离开时，我们给他举办的一次欢送会。在欢送会上学生对“I dig New York”这个短语的错误理解所引起的笑话。
【1题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：John是一个优秀的教师，当了他的学生这么多年，自从他离开，我们都很想念他。根据句子分析可知，so是并列连词，连接两个分句。在后面这个分句中，主句为we all missed him very much，状语为_____ (be) his students for several years，状语的逻辑主语为we，与be his student之间的关系为主动，be发生在谓语动词missed之前，所以要用现在分词完成式（having done）做状语，表主动，表发生在谓语动词之前。故填having been。
【2题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：没过多久John就回来处理离职的那些事情，ESL老师和我们学生为他举行了一个小型聚会。根据句子分析可知，it was not long before…(before从句要用一般过去时)，此句型表示“没过多久就……”。故填before。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在聚会上，大家走来走去，高兴地聊天，我当然不会轻易放过这么好的机会来学英语。根据句子分析可知，主句为At the party, I certainly would not lightly give up that good opportunity to learn English，那么 _____people walked around and talked with each other cheerfully为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词party。从句结构完整，故party做从句的地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。
【4题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：正当我快要没有话题可聊的时候，这时我听到John大声地对其他人说道，“我喜欢纽约”。根据句意可知，此处表达为“be about to do sth. when...(正要做某事，这时……)，用动词不定式表示将要做，还没做，故填to run。
【5题详解】
考查冠词。句意：为什么像John这么优秀的ESL老师，要去下苦力呢？根据句子分析可知，此处泛指“一位优秀的老师”，outstanding以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，故填an。
【6题详解】
考查时态。句意：难道你刚刚没听他说，他正在挖纽约吗？根据下文“Is he building a tunnel ”（用了现在进行时）可知，这里指作者转述刚刚John说的那句话，可用现在进行时表示这段时间的状态或动作，主语he第三人称单数，谓语单数形式。故填is digging。
【7题详解】
考查宾语从句连接词。句意：当她理解到我所说的话之后，Monica大声笑出来，差点把食物吐出来。根据句子分析可知，understand为动词，后跟宾语从句_____ I said，从句中I为主语，said为谓语动词，句子缺少宾语，故填what表示什么，在从句中做said的宾语，引出宾语从句。故填what。
【8题详解】
考查宾语从句连接词。句意：面带微笑，她示意我们停下来，然后问我们是否知道“I dig New York”的意思。根据句子分析可知，asked为动词，us为间接宾语， the ESL students为us的同位语，____ we knew the meaning of “I dig New York”为ask的直接宾语，在句中做宾语从句。从句中主语为we,谓语动词为knew，宾语为the meaning of “I dig New York”，从句不缺成分，但是表达的意思为“是否”，故用whether/if引导宾语从句，故填whether/if。
【9题详解】
考查it做形式主语。句意：结果，在美国俚语中，“I dig New York”的意思为“我爱美国”。根据句子分析可知，that, in American slang, “I dig New York” means, “I love New York.”为主语从句，此处用it做形式主语，首字母大写。故填It。
【10题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：尽管现在很少有人会那样说，但是我们仍然能找到它被用在文学作品中。根据句子分析可知，we为主语，can find为谓语动词，it做宾语，此处，it与use之间的关系为被动，故填过去分词作宾补，表被动。故填used。
Section B (10’)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. invisible B. regularly C. contributes D. mercy E. moderately F. trapped G. amateurs H. remaining I. decline J. comparable K. bragging
The sale of The Washington Post to Jeff Bezos is just the most recent episode in the decline and fall of professional journalism. By selling out to a mega-billionaire without any newspaper experience, the Graham family has put a priceless national asset at the _____11_____ of a single outsider. Perhaps Jeff Bezos will use his new plaything responsibly; perhaps not; if not, one of the few ____12____ sources of serious journalism will be lost.
The crisis in the English-speaking world will turn into a disaster in smaller language zones. The English-speaking market is so large that advertisers will pay a lot to gain access to the tens of millions of readers who _____13_____ click onto The New York Times or The Guardian. But the Portuguese-reading public is far too small to support serious journalism on the Internet. What happens to Portuguese democracy when nobody is willing to pay for old-fashioned newspapers
The blogosphere can’t be expected to take up the _____14_____ of serious journalism. First-class reporting on national and international affairs isn’t for _____15_____. it requires lots of training and lots of contacts and lots of expenses. It also requires reporters with the well-trained capacity to write for a broad audience. The modern newspaper created the right incentives but without a(an) ____16____ business model for the new technology, blogging will degenerate into a postmodern nightmare — with millions ___17___ without any concern for the facts.
We can’t afford to wait for the ____18____ hand to come up with a new way to provide economic support for serious journalism. To be sure, the financial press has proved ____19____ successful in persuading readers to pay for online access; and mainstream media are now trying to imitate this success. Each news article on the web will end by asking readers whether it _____20_____ to their political understanding. If so, they can click the yes-box, and send the message to a National Endowment for Journalism — which would obtain an annual appropriation from the government. This way, serious journalism will succeed in gaining mass support.
【答案】11. D 12. H
13. B 14. I
15. G 16. J
17. K 18. A
19. E 20. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。文章由《华盛顿邮报》被出售这一事件引入传统严肃新闻开始没落这一话题，传统严肃新闻的势弱将会给英语国家来带危机，而现代报业还不能填补严肃新闻缺位留下的空白，我们不能坐等市场去应对这一问题。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：通过向一个没有任何报业经验的亿万富翁出售报纸，格雷厄姆家族把一笔无价的国家资产交给了一个局外人。at the mercy of sb.为固定短语，意为“任……处置；任……由摆布”，句中指“《华盛顿邮报》这一无价的国家资产落入一个没有任何报业经验的局外人手中，任由其处置”。故选D项。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：也许杰夫·贝佐斯会负责任地使用他的新玩物；也许不会；如果他不，那么我们将将会失去仅存的为数不多的严肃新闻来源之一。结合句意，分析句子可知，空格处应填入形容词作定语修饰名词sources，结合选项，形容词remaining表示“剩下的”，符合语境。故选H项。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：英语市场的规模如此之大，以至于广告商愿意花大价钱来获得定期点击《纽约时报》或《卫报》的数千万读者。结合常识和“advertisers will pay a lot to gain access to the tens of millions of readers”可知，广告商愿意花大价钱得到的读者一定是《纽约时报》或《卫报》的长期读者，他们会定期访问这些网站，结合选项，副词regularly 表示“定期地，有规律地”，符合语境。故选B项。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：不能指望博客圈来弥补严肃新闻的没落。根据上文华盛顿邮报被出售可知，严肃新闻势弱，开始没落，结合选项，名词decline表示“衰退，没落”，符合语境。故选I项。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：非专业人员不适合报道头等国内和国际事务。结合常识和句意可知，严肃的国内和国际事务报道不是非专业人员能够胜任的，结合选项，名词amateur表示“非专业人员”，符合语境。故选G项。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：现代报纸创造了正确的激励机制，但如果没有一种可与之相媲美的新技术商业模式，博客将沦为一场后现代噩梦，数百万人都在吹嘘自己，而不关心事实。结合句意和“business model for the new technology”可知，这种新的技术需要和与其类似的商业模式结合，结合选项，形容词comparable表示“类似的”，符合语境。故选J项。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现代报纸创造了正确的激励机制，但如果没有一种可与之相媲美的新技术商业模式，博客将沦为一场后现代噩梦，数百万人都在吹嘘自己，而不关心事实。根据“degenerate into a postmodern nightmare”和“without any concern for the facts”可知，人们将再不关心事实，只是吹嘘自己，结合选项，bragging表示 “吹嘘”，作with复合结构后的宾语补足语。故选K项。
【18题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我们不能坐等“看不见的手”找到新方法为严肃的新闻业提供经济支持。结合句意，分析句子可知，空格处应填入，结合选项，bragging表示“吹嘘”，作with复合结构后的宾语补足语，符合语境。故选A项。
【19题详解】
考查副词。句意：可以肯定的是，财经媒体在说服读者为在线阅读付费方面取得了一定的成功；主流媒体现在正试图模仿这种成功。结合句意，分析句子可知，空格处应填入副词修饰形容词successful，结合选项，副词moderately表示“适度地，一定地”，符合语境。故选E项。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：网络上的每一篇新闻文章在结束时都会询问读者，文章是否有助于他们的政治理解。contribute to为固定短语，表示“有助于”，符合句意。故选C项。
III. Reading Comprehension (45’)
Section A (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Whether it is tossing the Frisbee (掷飞盘) on the campus or representing your town in the local baseball league, sports remain prevalent in American society.
Athletics begin at a young age. As they learn to walk and talk, kids in America also learn to run, throw and kick. They are ____21____ to sports at a young age so that they form a habit of remaining ____22____ and fit, while also ____23____ themselves. Most towns offer a “Parks and Recreation” program, which sponsors various educational physical activities, such as sports summer camps or monthly hikes. ____24____, towns often create youth leagues that ____25____ children to complete against other towns. These programs, run by volunteers, stress not only skill development, but also values of ____26____ and enjoyment no matter what the outcome.
Athletics continue at more ____27____ levels throughout elementary school to university, with extracurricular programs playing a development role and training students to perhaps even eventually become ____28____.
At the professional level, spectator sports have become a staple (重要部分) of American tradition and culture. Families and friends gather around the television or endure hours of ____29____ to support their favorite teams, while these athletes are made into international celebrities.
Professional sports in the U.S. are largely _____30_____ by the Big Four Leagues: the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL). With teams _____31_____ major cities, these spectator sports draw large crowds and are followed almost _____32_____ by some fans.
Soccer has _____33_____ to rise to prominence in America; however, with their performance in the 2010 World Cup and more exposure to Europeans teams through the arrival of star such as David Beckham and Thierry Henry, Major League Soccer (MLS) in America as a spectator sport has certainly _____34_____.
International competition is rare and often considered not as _____35_____ as the domestic leagues. However, during the Olympics and the World Cup, Americans do rally around their countrymen to perform at the international level.
21. A. exposed B. treated C. devoted D. attributed
22. A. young B. active C. hopeful D. positive
23. A. enjoying B. pushing C. supporting D. protecting
24. A. For example B. However C. Consequently D. Furthermore
25. A. force B. warn C. allow D. advise
26. A. sportsmanship B. curiosity C. creativity D. citizenship
27. A. friendly B. amateur C. competitive D. international
28. A. winners B. professionals C. managers D. rivals
29. A. competition B. traffic C. labor D. argument
30. A. divided B. dominated C. owned D. followed
31. A. entering B. representing C. sponsoring D. occupying
32. A. blindly B. secretly C. religiously D. leisurely
33. A. attempted B. refused C. aimed D. struggled
34. A. decreased B. remained C. slowed D. grown
35. A. predictable B. respectable C. significant D. extensive
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了体育运动在美国社会中的流行。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在很小的时候就接触到运动，这样他们就养成了保持活跃和健康的习惯，同时也享受生活。A. exposed暴露；接触；B. treated对待；C. devoted致力于；D. attributed把……归于。be exposed to接触。根据“As they learn to walk and talk, kids in America also learn to run, throw and kick.”可知，美国的孩子从小就接触到各种运动。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们在很小的时候就接触到运动，这样他们就养成了保持活跃和健康的习惯，同时也享受生活。A. young年轻的；B. active活跃的；C. hopeful有希望的；D. positive积极的。根据“They are ____1____ to sports at a young age”可知，因为从小就接触到各种运动，因此很活跃。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在很小的时候就接触到运动，这样他们就养成了保持活跃和健康的习惯，同时也享受生活。A. enjoying享受；B. pushing推；C. supporting支持；D. protecting保护。根据“They are ____1____ to sports at a young age so that they form a habit of remaining ____2____ and fit,”可知，美国人热爱运动的同时也很享受生活。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查副词和短语词义辨析。句意：此外，城镇通常会创建青年联盟，让孩子们在与其他城镇的孩子进行对抗。A. For example例如；B. However然而；C. Consequently因此；D. Furthermore而且。空格前讲大多数城镇会举办各种体育活动，空格后讲城镇之间也有活动，让孩子们去跟其它城镇的孩子们比赛，前后文有递进关系，用连接副词furthermore表示递进。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，城镇通常会创建青年联盟，让孩子们在与其他城镇的孩子进行对抗。A. force强迫；B. warn警告；C. allow允许；D. advise建议。allow sb. to do允许某人做某事。根据“towns often create youth leagues”可知，城镇创建青年联盟的目的是让不同城镇的孩子们进行对抗比赛。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些由志愿者运营的项目，不仅强调技能的发展，也强调，无论结果如何，都要重视体育精神和享受比赛的价值观。A. sportsmanship体育精神；B. curiosity好奇；C. creativity创造力；D. citizenship公民权。根据“and enjoyment no matter what the outcome.”可知，这些项目培养了孩子们的体育精神。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从小学到大学，体育运动的竞技水平越来越高，课外活动发挥着发展作用，训练学生最终成为专业人士。A. friendly友好的；B. amateur业余的；C. competitive竞争的；D. international国际的。根据“throughout elementary school to university,”可知，从小学到大学，不断地参加活动，孩子们体育运动的竞技水平会越来越高，竞争性越来越强。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：从小学到大学，体育运动竞技水平越来越高，课外活动发挥着发展作用，训练学生最终成为专业人士。 A. winners获胜者；B. professionals专业人员；C. managers经理；D. rivals竞争者。根据“with extracurricular programs playing a development role”可知，课外活动发挥着发展作用，使得一些学生成为体育专业人士。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：家人和朋友聚在电视机前，或者忍受数小时的交通来支持他们喜爱的球队，而这些运动员则成为了国际名人。A. competition竞争；B. traffic交通；C. labor劳动；D. argument争论。根据“endure hours”和“support their favorite teams”可推知，这里指忍受几个小时的交通，到现场支持他们喜爱的球队。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国的职业体育主要由四大联盟主导：国家橄榄球联盟(NFL)、职业棒球大联盟(MLB)、国家篮球协会(NBA)和国家冰球联盟(NHL)。A. divided划分；B. dominated支配；C. owned拥有；D. followed跟随。be dominated by被……支配。这里指美国的职业体育主要由四大联盟主导和支配着。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为球队代表着主要的城市，这些观赏性的运动吸引了大量的观众，一些球迷几乎是虔诚地追随它们。A. entering进入；B. representing代表；C. sponsoring发起；D. occupying占据。根据“these spectator sports draw large crowds and are followed almost ____12____ by some fans.”可知，球队代表着其城市，所以追随者众多。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因为球队代表着主要的城市，这些观赏性的运动吸引了大量的观众，一些球迷几乎是虔诚地追随它们。A. blindly盲目地；B. secretly秘密地；C. religiously虔诚地；D. leisurely休闲地。根据“With teams ____11____ major cities, these spectator sports draw large crowds”可知，一些球迷虔诚地追随着自己城市所代表的球队。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美国，足球一直在努力发展。A. attempted尝试；B. refused拒绝；C. aimed针对；D. struggled努力。struggle to do努力做某事。根据“however, with their performance in the 2010 World Cup and more exposure to Europeans teams through the arrival of star such as David Beckham and Thierry Henry, Major League Soccer (MLS) in America as a spectator sport has certainly ____14____.”可知，足球在美国也在努力发展。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着他们在2010年世界杯上的表现，以及大卫·贝克汉姆和蒂埃里·亨利等球星的到来，更多地接触到欧洲球队，美国职业足球大联盟(MLS)作为一项观众众多的运动在美国发展起来。A. decreased减少；B. remained保持；C. slowed展示；D. grown成长。根据“Soccer has ____13____ to rise to prominence in America;”可知，这里指美国足球的发展与成长。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：国际比赛很少，而且通常被认为不如国内联赛重要。A. predictable可预测的；B. respectable值得尊重的；C. significant重要的；D. extensive广泛的。根据“International competition is rare”可知，美国国内比赛如火如荼，很少参加国际比赛，因为通常认为国际比赛不如国内联赛重要。故选C。
Section B （22’）
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Exciting concertos (协奏曲) from Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons can boost mental alertness, according to research from Northumbria University.
The findings, which are published in Experimental Psychology, show that the exciting first movement, in particular, is capable of enhancing attention and memory.
In the experiment a group of 14 young adults were given a mental concentration task to perform. They were asked to press the space bar on a keyboard when a green square appeared on screen and ignore different colored circles and squares that appeared at intervals. The participants carried out this task both in silence and while listening to each of the four concertos while their brain activity was measured using EEG brain imaging.
Results showed that participants responded correctly faster when listening to the exciting Spring concerto. When listening to the concerto, the average response time in performing the task was 393.8 millisecond as opposed to 408.1 milliseconds when the task was carried out in silence. This response time rose to 413.3 milliseconds when they listened to the slower and sadder Autumn music, therefore showing a decrease in mental capacity.
Psychologist Dr. Leigh Riby said, “The Spring movement enhanced overall activity within the brain but had an exaggerated effect on the area of the brain that’s important for emotional processing. It seemed to give rise to particular imagery in the brain and evoke positive, contented feelings which translated into higher levels of cognitive functioning.”
Dr. Riby suggests that the Spring movement is particularly special and could be used in therapy and is, in fact, quite a familiar piece to most people as it has been used successfully in marketing to induce mood and influence behavior.
He also found that the key in which the music was written had no impact on brain performance. While the Spring concerto, which is written in a major key enhanced cognitive function, the Autumn movement, which is also written in a major key, did not.
He added, “This experiment shows that cognitive capacity is enhanced when pleasant and arousing stimuli are introduced.”
36. What do we know about the research from Northumbria University
A. It was conducted in four different seasons of a year.
B. It showed music can boost mental alertness.
C. It was done by a group of 14 young adults.
D. The results of the research have been published.
37. Under what circumstance did participants respond correctly faster
A. When they were in complete silence.
B. When they were listening to slow and sad music.
C. When they were listening to the Autumn concerto.
D. When they were listening to the Spring concerto.
38. Why are most people quite familiar with the Spring movement
A. It has been used in therapy settings.
B. It has been successfully used in marketing.
C. People think it quite special and classic.
D. People usually listen to it to adjust their mood.
39. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. The key in which the music was written was never important.
B. The Spring and the Autumn movement were written in different keys.
C. Pleasant and arousing stimuli can enhance cognitive capacity.
D. The Autumn concerto could enhance cognitive ability.
【答案】36. D 37. D 38. B 39. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文通过实验表明令人愉快和兴奋的刺激可以提高认知能力。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The findings, which are published in Experimental Psychology”（研究结果发表在《实验心理学》上）可知，这项研究结果已经被出版。故选D项。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Results showed that participants responded correctly faster when listening to the exciting Spring concerto. ”（结果显示，参与者在听令人兴奋的春季协奏曲时，正确的反应速度更快）可知，当参与者在听令人兴奋的春季协奏曲时，正确的反应速度更快。故选D项。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段“Dr. Riby suggests that the Spring movement is particularly special and could be used in therapy and is, in fact, quite a familiar piece to most people as it has been used successfully in marketing to induce mood and influence behavior.”（里比博士认为，“春天”的运动尤其特别，可以用于治疗，事实上，大多数人都很熟悉它，因为它已成功地用于营销，以诱导情绪和影响行为）可知大多数人对《春季》运动很熟悉是因为它已成功地应用于市场营销中。故选B项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“This experiment shows that cognitive capacity is enhanced when pleasant and arousing stimuli are introduced.”（这个实验表明，当令人愉快和兴奋的刺激出现时，认知能力会增强）可知，令人愉快和兴奋的刺激可以提高认知能力。故选C项。
(B)
Did you know that all human beings have a “comfort zone” regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.
Greeks, some of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 12 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there’s even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.
This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic (强调的) point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes!
Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands—not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a person’s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a child’s head in fondness; they readily take someone’s arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people –especially those from Asia or the Muslim countries—such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if done with the left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the United States. Many Americans are simple left-handed and use that hand more.
40. What would most probably happen when a Greek meets a North American
A. The Greek keeps 12 inches apart from the North American.
B. The Greek can keep a comfortable distance with the North American.
C. The North American accepts the Greek distance when they become friends.
D. The North American keeps backing away while the Greeks keeps moving closer.
41. It can be inferred from the passage that the Frenchmen _________.
A. move closer when they want to emphasize a point
B. use more body language to interact with others
C. sit farther apart when they talk in a large room
D. Don’t mind bodily contact in a crowded elevator
42. Touching with the left hand is regarded as __________ in the Muslim countries.
A. a meaningless gesture
B. an offending action
C. an unintentional mistake
D. an ill-intentioned joke
【答案】40. D 41. D 42. B
【解析】
【分析】本篇是一篇说明文。每个人都有与对方谈话接触时的“舒适区”，每个国家的对于“舒适区”的距离也是不一样的。文章具体介绍了几个国家的人站着，坐着以及谈话时的“舒适区”的差异。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Greeks normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches（当希腊人在谈话的时候，他们通常站的十分近，当他们在谈话中想暖场的时候，通常会把脸贴的更近，然而北美人却觉得这很令人尴尬，并通常会往后退几英尺）”可知，希腊人就喜欢近距离站着，然而北美人却喜欢距离拉得远一点，故选D。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes!比如说，在美国，人们会尽量让身体保持一定的距离，甚至是在拥挤的电梯里。但是在巴黎，只要电梯来了，人们就会上电梯，不管它是否拥挤）”可知，法国人并不像美国人那样要保持一定的距离，在拥挤的电梯里，不介意身体接触。故选D。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“they readily take someone’s arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people –especially those from Asia or the Muslim countries—such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if done with the left hand（他们准备扶着别人的手，帮助他过马路，或者是给别人指路。对于很多人来说，尤其是来自亚洲或者穆斯林国家的人，他们是不喜欢这样的身体上的接触的，尤其当用左手扶着别人或者是用左手给别人指路的时候）”可知，穆斯林国家是无法接受左手接触的，会被他们当做是一种很不礼貌的行为，会觉得被冒犯了，故选B。
(C)
The ocean bottom - a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth - is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 36, 000 meters deep. In complete darkness and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is an unfriendly environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as outer space.
Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments (沉淀物) for over a century now, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) . Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, pulling out samples of sediment and rock from the ocean floor.
The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600, 000 kilometers and took almost 20, 000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics (板块构造学说) and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that have come to shape the Earth.
The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also produced information critical to understanding the world's past climates. Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record that stretches back for hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion (侵蚀) and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change—information that may be used to predict future climates.
43. The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" in Paragraph 1 because it ______.
A. is an unknown territory B. attracts courageous explorers
C. contains wide variety of life forms D. is not a popular area for scientific research
44. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger
A. It is an ongoing project. B. It is a type of submarine.
C. It has gone on over 100 voyages. D. It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968.
45. The Deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was ______.
A. funded entirely by the gas and oil industry
B. an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas
C. composed of geologists from all over the world
D. the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom
46. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep Sea Drilling Project
A. Biologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.
B. Information was revealed about the Earth's past climatic changes.
C. Two geological theories became more widely accepted by scientists.
D. Geologists were able to determine the Earth's appearance hundreds of millions of years ago.
【答案】43. A 44. D 45. D 46. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是美国国家科学基金会的深海钻探项目使用钻井船Glomar Challenger对深海的探索以及其重大的意义。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The ocean bottom - a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth - is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted（海底——面积几乎是地球陆地总面积的2.5倍——是一个广阔的疆域，即使在今天，它在很大程度上仍未被探索和绘制地图） ”可知，作者在第一段中将海底称为“边界”，因为它是一个未知的领土。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments (沉淀物) for over a century now, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)（尽管研究人员已经采集了一个多世纪的深海岩石和沉积物样本，但全球对海底的第一次详细调查直到1968年才真正开始，当时美国国家科学基金会的深海钻探项目(DSDP)开始了）”及“Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, pulling out samples of sediment and rock from the ocean floor（DSDP的钻井船Glomar Challenger使用了最初为海上油气行业开发的技术，能够在海洋表面保持稳定的位置，并在非常深的水域钻井，从海底提取沉积物和岩石样本）”可知，Glomar Challenger于1968年进行了第一次DSDP航行，故选D。
45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments (沉淀物) for over a century now, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP)（尽管研究人员对深海岩石和沉积物取样已经有一个多世纪了，但全球对海底的第一次详细调查直到1968年才真正开始，当时美国国家科学基金会的深海钻探项目(DSDP)开始了）”可知，深海钻探项目意义重大，因为这是对海底的第一次大规模勘探，故选D。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段的“The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also produced information critical to understanding the world's past climates（Glomar挑战者号钻取的沉积物核心也提供了对了解世界过去气候至关重要的信息 ）”可知，B选项在文章里提到了；根据倒数第二段的“Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics (板块构造学说 ) and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that have come to shape the Earth（今天，几乎所有的地球科学家都同意板块构造和大陆漂移的理论，这主要是基于格洛玛挑战者号航行期间收集的证据，这些理论解释了许多塑造地球的地质过程）”可知，C选项被提到了；根据倒数第二段的“The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future（Glomar挑战者号的核心样本让地质学家得以重建这颗行星数亿年前的样子，并计算出数百万年后的样子） ”可知，D选项被提到了，因此没有被提到的是A选项。故选A。
Section C (8’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. ____47____. In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history – a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.
Britain was only the beginning. ____48____. The process of urbanization----the migration of people from the countryside to the city----was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.
In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. The rest live in small towns.
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. ____49____. Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite and the servant, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.
Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. ____50____. Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.
A. That kept cities very small.
B. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.
C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered.
D. Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.
E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.
F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive
【答案】47. E 48. D 49. A 50. F
【解析】
【分析】本文是说明文。主要讲述了城市化的进程。过去的城市规模小，农民人口多，现代化之后，农民人口变少，农业产量增加，更多的人住在城市里。
【47题详解】
根据前一句“The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago(第一个城市可能建立在不到5500年前)”可知，此处讲的是以前城市的情况，E项中的“even 200 years ago”说明200年前的事情，也是讲述以前的城市，因此推断E项“甚至200年前，也只有很少一部分人生活在城市中”符合语境，与设空处下一句“In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural villages.(事实上，几乎每个人都住在农场或小农村里。)”也形成语意上的呼应。故选E。
【48题详解】
根据前一句的“Britain was only the beginning.(英国只是个开始)”可知，英国只是个开始，关键词beginning，D项中的“soon”承接上文，D项“很快，许多其他工业国家变成了城市社会。”符合句意，说明英国只是个开始，很快，其他工业国家也变成了城市化社会。故选D。
【49题详解】
根据前一句的“Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities.( 甚至在先进的农业社会，也要有95个人在农场里工作，才能养活5个城市里的人)”可知，95个人在农场里工作，才能养活5个城市里的人，因此城市里居住的人肯定要少，规模肯定很小，因此选择A项“这种原因导致了城市规模很小。”故选A。
【50题详解】
根据后面的“Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.( 今天，一个美国农民不需要95名农民，一个美国农民可以养活100多名非农民。)”可知，现在一个美国人在农场里工作，可以养活100多个非农美国人，因此现代化让农民更加多产，让更多的人可以居住在城市里，因此推断F项“现代化吸引了人们到城市来，提高了农民的生产力”符合语境。故选择F。
IV. Fill in the blanks (15’)
Section A
Directions: Choose one of the words from the box to complete each sentence in the proper from.
recommend；threat；demonstrate；favor ；resist；represent；enforce；establish
51. These ancient woodlands are under ________ from new road developments.
52. Unless ________ with strict regulations and military force, such a law will not be effective.
53. The trial period was over, and I could settle down to________ a closer contact with the apes.
54. The referee will not take any action in his ________ if a contestant injures himself while attempting to foul his opponent.
55. The general manager intended _________ his department to negotiate with the contracting company yesterday, but the materials were not collected in time.
56. We should make up our mind _________ the waste of resources for the sake of us human beings.
57. The English novel, The Old Man and the Sea, written by Earnest Hemingway, is well worth _________.
58. Don’t waste time _________ to them the difficulties we are facing for it is only we that can be aware of what we are undergoing.
【答案】51. threat
52. enforced
53 establishing
54. favor 55. to have represented
56. to resist
57. recommending
58. demonstrating
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些古老的林地正受到新道路开发的威胁。根据后文from new road developments以及句意表示“威胁”可知应填名词threat，作宾语，under threat为固定表达，意为“受到威胁”。故填threat。
【52题详解】
考查动词。句意：除非用严格的法规和军事力量来执行，否则这样的法律不会有效果。根据后文with strict regulations and military force以及句意“执行”可知应填动词enforce，与逻辑主语a law构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。故填enforced。
【53题详解】
考查动词。句意：试验期结束了，我可以安顿下来，与猿猴建立更密切的接触。根据后文a closer contact with the apes以及句意“建立”可知应填动词establish，此处作介词to的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填establishing。
【54题详解】
考查名词。句意：如果选手在试图犯规时受伤，裁判不会采取对他有利的行动。根据上文The referee will not take any action in his以及句意“有利”可知短语为in one’s favor，故填favor。
【55题详解】
考查动词。句意：昨天总经理本打算代表他的部门去和承包公司谈判，但是没有及时收集材料。根据后文his department to negotiate with the contracting company以及句意“代表”可知应填动词represent，且上文为短语intend to do sth.，此处表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，应用to have done形式。故填to have represented。
【56题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了我们人类的利益，我们应该下定决心抵制资源的浪费。根据后文the waste of resources以及句意“抵制”可知应填动词resist，且上文为短语make up one’s mind to do sth.。故填to resist。
【57题详解】
考查动词。句意：欧内斯特·海明威写的英国小说《老人与海》很值得推荐。结合上文The English novel, The Old Man and the Sea, written by Earnest Hemingway, is well worth以及句意“推荐”可知应填动词recommend，且上文为短语be well worth doing。故填recommending。
【58题详解】
考查动词。句意：不要浪费时间向他们展示我们所面临的困难，因为只有我们自己能意识到我们正在经历什么。根据后文to them the difficulties we are facing以及句意“展示”可知应填动词demonstrate，且上文为短语waste time doing sth.。故填demonstrating。
Section B
Directions: Choose one of the phrases from the box to complete each sentence in the proper form.
spring up in one’s prime on a large scale date back to dump into approve of go on a diet
59. By no means ________we ________ their new scheme to invest in the stock market, which will cost us all our savings.
60. My class teacher insisted that all the rubbish _________ the classified dustbin in different colors.
61. Deep in the mountains, we eventually found the caves, __________ early Viking times in about 800 AD.
62. Many intelligent buildings are claimed ___________ in the Central Business District in the past two decades.
63. He was devoted to the medical research, worn out on a daily basis, which deprived him of his life __________.
64. He must ____________ now, for such a foodie has been skipping his lunch every day since last week.
65. However, the cost of production could fall as they are manufactured ____________, just as mobile phones have become cheaper.
【答案】59. ①. will ②. approve of
60. (should) be dumped into
61. dating back to
62. to have sprung up
63. in his prime
64. be going on a diet
65. on a large scale
【解析】
【59题详解】
考查时态和部分倒装。句意：我们决不会同意他们投资股票市场的新方案，这会花光我们所有积蓄。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语，由句意表述可知，说话人表达了自己决不同意新的投资方案，使用一般将来时。approve of “同意；批准”符合句意。故填will（第一个空格）和approve of（第二个空格）。
【60题详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：我的老师坚持要求，所有垃圾应该被倒进不同颜色的分类垃圾箱。分析句子可知，空格处为宾语从句的从句谓语动词，insist作“坚持要求”解时，后面跟宾语从句，从句谓语动词须用（should）do形式，且根据主语与谓语动词的被动关系，应使用被动语态。dump into“倾倒”符合句意。故填(should) be dumped into。
【61题详解】
考查现在分词作定语。句意：在深山里，我们最终发现了这些历史可以追溯到公元800年早期维京时代的洞穴。分析句子可知，空格处为非谓语动词作后置定语，且caves与date back to构成主动逻辑关系，date back to“追溯到…”符合句意。故填dating back to。
【62题详解】
考查不定式的完成式。句意：近二十年来，据称在中央商务区有许多智能建筑如雨后春笋般涌现。分析句子可知，由于非谓语动词“spring up”发生时间早于谓语动词“are claimed”。故应使用不定式的完成式。be claimed to have done sth ,spring up “不断涌现”符合句意。故填to have sprung up。
【63题详解】
考查介词短语作状语。句意：他致力于医学研究，每天都疲惫不堪，这剥夺了他正处盛年的生命。分析句子可知，空格处为时间状语，且根据句意可知，长期的繁重工作让他在年轻盛年之时就失去了生命。in one’s prime“在某人盛年时期”符合句意。故填in his prime。
【64题详解】
考查时态。句意：他现在一定正在节食，因为这样一个吃货从上周开始每天都不吃午饭。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，由句意表述可知，他节食是当下的一段时间内持续进行的动作，must be doing sth“一定是正在做某事”。go on a diet“节食”符合句意。故填be going on a diet。
【65题详解】
考查介词短语作状语。句意：然而，生产成本可能下降，因为他们进行大规模生产，就像如今变得更便宜的手机。分析句子可知，空格处作状语，根据句意可知，大规模批量生产是成本下降的原因，on a large scale“大规模”符合句意。故填on a large scale。
V. Translation (3’+3’+4’+5’)
66. 她本可以独自一人前往热带雨林。（汉译英）
【答案】She could have headed for the rainforest on her own.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。此处主语为she；表示“本来可以做某事”应用could have done；表示“前往热带雨林”短语为head for the rainforest；表示“独自一人”短语为on one’s own。故翻译为She could have headed for the rainforest on her own.
67. 过了很久这位运动员才从手术中恢复过来。(before) (汉译英)
【答案】It was long before the athlete recovered (his health) from the operation.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、时态和固定句型。根据句意可知，全句讲述已经发生的事情，应使用一般过去时态；结合指定连词before并分析句子可知，可用固定句型“It was (long) before...”来翻译本句，其意为“过了(很长时间)才……”，其中before引导时间状语从句；在时间状语从句中，“运动员”是主语，用athlete 表示，“恢复”是谓语动词，用动词recover表示，过去式为recovered，其后可加上宾语his health，“从手术中”用介词短语from the operation表示。综上， 全句译为：It was long before the athlete recovered (his health) from the operation.
68. 你能否告诉我究竟是谁在黑猩猩的研究中取得了重大突破？ (on earth) (汉译英)
【答案】Can you tell me who on earth made a significant breakthrough in chimpanzee research
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查宾语从句、时态和短语。根据汉语提示可知，本句为一般疑问句，你能告诉我吗为“Can you tell me”，tell后接宾语从句，宾语从句在描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，在黑猩猩的研究中取得了重大突破为“make a significant breakthrough in chimpanzee research ”，究竟为“on earth ”。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：Can you tell me who on earth made a significant breakthrough in chimpanzee research
【点睛】
69. 正是因为澳大利亚对体育的大量投资，才使得这个只有1900万人口的国家获得了一枚又一枚的奥运金牌。(强调句) (汉译英)
【答案】It was the heavy investment of Australia in sports that made the country with a population of 19 million win one Olympic gold medal after another./It was because of the heavy investment of Australia in sports that the country with a population of 19 million won one Olympic gold medal after another.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、短语、名词及强调句型。表示“因为”应用短语because of；表示“使得……赢得……”应用动词make的使役动词用法；表示“澳大利亚对体育的大量投资”短语为heavy investment of Australia in sports；表示“有1900万人口的国家”短语为the country with a population of 19 million；表示“一枚又一枚”翻译为one after another；根据题干要求用强调句。故翻译为It was the heavy investment of Australia in sports that made the country with a population of 19 million win one Olympic gold medal after another./It was because of the heavy investment of Australia in sports that the country with a population of 19 million won one Olympic gold medal after another.。
听力答案：1-20 DDCBCABCDDBCCCBACDCC徐汇区2020学年高二年级第一学期
期中考试英语试卷
I. Listening Comprehension (25’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: in Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. At a train station. B. At a travel agency.
C. At a bus station. D. At an airport.
2. A. Her sister’s. B. Her aunt’s. C. Her mother’s. D. Her brother’s.
3. A. $15. B. $18. C. $30. D. $33.
4. A. Terrific. B. Tough. C. Exciting. D. Well-paid.
5. A. Harmony in a community. B. Safety in the neighborhood.
C. Preparations for Christmas. D. Ways to save electricity.
6. A. He has bad study habits. B. He sleeps too much.
C. He wakes up early. D. He’s a top student.
7. A. He hadn’t noticed any change in Sean.
B. Sean looks very different without a beard.
C. Sean looks nicer without a beard.
D. He hasn’t seen Sean for a long time.
8. A. A certain gift from Hawaii. B. A grand wedding party.
C. Two plane tickets to Hawaii. D. A picture of the moon.
9. A. The job’s short hours make it impossible for her to refuse.
B. The job is turning into an excellent opportunity for her.
C. She’s looking forward to meeting her new colleagues.
D. She refused the position because of the low salary.
10. A. Give Daisy a call. B. Go back home.
C. Ask the police for help. D. Wait for a few more minutes.
Section B (15’)
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. School life. B. The media.
C. Their families. D. Computer games.
12. A. Have children lose weight.
B. Learn more about childcare.
C. Let children go out on their own.
D. Make all of the decisions for their children.
13. A. Whether kids are well enough protected.
B. How kids are different from how they used to be.
C. Whether parents should be worrying too much about their kids.
D. How parents have adapted themselves to the present situation.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The various taxes. B. The tyres.
C. the repairs. D. The fittings.
15. A. Pollution from factories. B. Poisonous gases from cars.
C Low-quality food products. D. Harmful materials used in cars.
16. A. When there is a traffic jam.
B. When the car is in bad condition.
C. When the driver has a bad temper.
D. When fuel becomes expensive.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. How English food is made.
B. Why Indian foods are often tasteless.
C. Why foods in some countries are spicy.
D. How spicy food was introduced into England.
18. A. The food in cold regions is usually tasty.
B. The climate has little effect on the local food.
C. India and England have quite similar climate.
D. Spicy food causes people to sweat, cooling them off.
19. A. They cover the bad smells of food.
B. They give the food a unique flavor.
C. They slow down the growth of bacteria.
D. They come in handy where there is no refrigerator.
20. A. The mention of them makes the woman hungry.
B. Plants and bacteria can live in harmony to some extent.
C. Plants’ unique flavors have contributed to their survival.
D. It takes a longer time for plants like onion and garlic to grow.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20’)
Section A (10’)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Write your answers on the answer sheet.
John, an ESL tutor of a community college, moved to New York City with all the members of his family. John is a remarkable teacher, so _____1_____ (be) his students for several years, we all missed him very much since he left. It was not long ______2______ John came back to North Carolina to handle some rounding-off (结束) affairs, ESL teachers and we students held a small party for him.
At the party, ____3____people walked around and talked with each other cheerfully, I certainly would not lightly give up that good opportunity to learn English. Then I tried to think of all sorts of topics to converse with Monica, another ESL teacher.
Just before I was about _____4_____ (run) out of my topics of conversation when I heard John said to others loudly, “I dig New York!” I immediately asked Monica seriously, “Is it really difficult to find a job in New York Why does John, such _____5_____ outstanding ESL teacher, have to do laborious work ”
Looking puzzled, Monica asked, “Why do you have such a feeling ”
“Haven’t you heard him say that he ____6____ (dig) New York Is he building a tunnel ” I replied. When she finally understood ____7____ I said, Monica laughed so hard as to narrowly escape spewing (喷出) her food in her mouth. Wearing a broad smile, she gestured to us to stop talking, and then asked us, the ESL students, ____8____ we knew the meaning of “I dig New York.” All of us shook our heads and said no. Monica then requested John to explain it to us.
____9____ turns out that, in American slang, “I dig New York” means, “I love New York.” Though few people say like that nowadays, we can still find it _____10_____ (use) in literary works.
Section B (10’)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. invisible B. regularly C. contributes D. mercy E. moderately F. trapped G. amateurs H. remaining I. decline J. comparable K. bragging
The sale of The Washington Post to Jeff Bezos is just the most recent episode in the decline and fall of professional journalism. By selling out to a mega-billionaire without any newspaper experience, the Graham family has put a priceless national asset at the _____11_____ of a single outsider. Perhaps Jeff Bezos will use his new plaything responsibly; perhaps not; if not, one of the few ____12____ sources of serious journalism will be lost.
The crisis in the English-speaking world will turn into a disaster in smaller language zones. The English-speaking market is so large that advertisers will pay a lot to gain access to the tens of millions of readers who _____13_____ click onto The New York Times or The Guardian. But the Portuguese-reading public is far too small to support serious journalism on the Internet. What happens to Portuguese democracy when nobody is willing to pay for old-fashioned newspapers
The blogosphere can’t be expected to take up the _____14_____ of serious journalism. First-class reporting on national and international affairs isn’t for _____15_____. it requires lots of training and lots of contacts and lots of expenses. It also requires reporters with the well-trained capacity to write for a broad audience. The modern newspaper created the right incentives, but without a(an) ____16____ business model for the new technology, blogging will degenerate into a postmodern nightmare — with millions ___17___ without any concern for the facts.
We can’t afford to wait for the ____18____ hand to come up with a new way to provide economic support for serious journalism. To be sure, the financial press has proved ____19____ successful in persuading readers to pay for online access; and mainstream media are now trying to imitate this success. Each news article on the web will end by asking readers whether it _____20_____ to their political understanding. If so, they can click the yes-box, and send the message to a National Endowment for Journalism — which would obtain an annual appropriation from the government. This way, serious journalism will succeed in gaining mass support.
III. Reading Comprehension (45’)
Section A (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Whether it is tossing the Frisbee (掷飞盘) on the campus or representing your town in the local baseball league, sports remain prevalent in American society.
Athletics begin at a young age. As they learn to walk and talk, kids in America also learn to run, throw and kick. They are ____21____ to sports at a young age so that they form a habit of remaining ____22____ and fit, while also ____23____ themselves. Most towns offer a “Parks and Recreation” program, which sponsors various educational physical activities, such as sports summer camps or monthly hikes. ____24____, towns often create youth leagues that ____25____ children to complete against other towns. These programs, run by volunteers, stress not only skill development, but also values of ____26____ and enjoyment no matter what the outcome.
Athletics continue at more ____27____ levels throughout elementary school to university, with extracurricular programs playing a development role and training students to perhaps even eventually become ____28____.
At the professional level spectator sports have become a staple (重要部分) of American tradition and culture. Families and friends gather around the television or endure hours of ____29____ to support their favorite teams, while these athletes are made into international celebrities.
Professional sports in the U.S. are largely _____30_____ by the Big Four Leagues: the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL). With teams _____31_____ major cities, these spectator sports draw large crowds and are followed almost _____32_____ by some fans.
Soccer has _____33_____ to rise to prominence in America; however, with their performance in the 2010 World Cup and more exposure to Europeans teams through the arrival of star such as David Beckham and Thierry Henry, Major League Soccer (MLS) in America as a spectator sport has certainly _____34_____.
International competition is rare and often considered not as _____35_____ as the domestic leagues. However, during the Olympics and the World Cup, Americans do rally around their countrymen to perform at the international level.
21. A. exposed B. treated C. devoted D. attributed
22. A. young B. active C. hopeful D. positive
23. A. enjoying B. pushing C. supporting D. protecting
24. A. For example B. However C. Consequently D. Furthermore
25. A. force B. warn C. allow D. advise
26. A. sportsmanship B. curiosity C. creativity D. citizenship
27. A. friendly B. amateur C. competitive D. international
28. A. winners B. professionals C. managers D. rivals
29. A. competition B. traffic C. labor D. argument
30. A. divided B. dominated C. owned D. followed
31. A. entering B. representing C. sponsoring D. occupying
32. A. blindly B. secretly C. religiously D. leisurely
33. A. attempted B. refused C. aimed D. struggled
34. A. decreased B. remained C. slowed D. grown
35. A. predictable B. respectable C. significant D. extensive
Section B （22’）
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Exciting concertos (协奏曲) from Vivaldi’s The Four Seasons can boost mental alertness according to research from Northumbria University.
The findings, which are published in Experimental Psychology, show that the exciting first movement, in particular, is capable of enhancing attention and memory.
In the experiment a group of 14 young adults were given a mental concentration task to perform. They were asked to press the space bar on a keyboard when a green square appeared on screen and ignore different colored circles and squares that appeared at intervals. The participants carried out this task both in silence and while listening to each of the four concertos while their brain activity was measured using EEG brain imaging.
Results showed that participants responded correctly faster when listening to the exciting Spring concerto. When listening to the concerto, the average response time in performing the task was 393.8 millisecond as opposed to 408.1 milliseconds when the task was carried out in silence. This response time rose to 413.3 milliseconds when they listened to the slower and sadder Autumn music, therefore showing a decrease in mental capacity.
Psychologist Dr. Leigh Riby said, “The Spring movement enhanced overall activity within the brain but had an exaggerated effect on the area of the brain that’s important for emotional processing. It seemed to give rise to particular imagery in the brain and evoke positive, contented feelings which translated into higher levels of cognitive functioning.”
Dr. Riby suggests that the Spring movement is particularly special and could be used in therapy and is, in fact, quite a familiar piece to most people as it has been used successfully in marketing to induce mood and influence behavior.
He also found that the key in which the music was written had no impact on brain performance. While the Spring concerto, which is written in a major key enhanced cognitive function, the Autumn movement, which is also written in a major key, did not.
He added, “This experiment shows that cognitive capacity is enhanced when pleasant and arousing stimuli are introduced.”
36. What do we know about the research from Northumbria University
A. It was conducted in four different seasons of a year.
B. It showed music can boost mental alertness.
C. It was done by a group of 14 young adults.
D. The results of the research have been published.
37. Under what circumstance did participants respond correctly faster
A. When they were in complete silence.
B. When they were listening to slow and sad music.
C. When they were listening to the Autumn concerto.
D. When they were listening to the Spring concerto.
38. Why are most people quite familiar with the Spring movement
A. It has been used in therapy settings.
B. It has been successfully used in marketing.
C. People think it quite special and classic.
D. People usually listen to it to adjust their mood.
39. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. The key in which the music was written was never important.
B The Spring and the Autumn movement were written in different keys.
C. Pleasant and arousing stimuli can enhance cognitive capacity.
D. The Autumn concerto could enhance cognitive ability.
(B)
Did you know that all human beings have a “comfort zone” regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk This distance varies in interesting ways among people of different cultures.
Greeks, some of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 12 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa, there’s even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This matter of space is nearly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe.
This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic (强调的) point. In the United States, for example, people try to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator; in Paris they take it as it comes!
Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone” for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands—not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a person’s shoulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they pat an arm in reassurance or stroke a child’s head in fondness; they readily take someone’s arm to help him across a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. To many people –especially those from Asia or the Muslim countries—such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if done with the left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the United States. Many Americans are simple left-handed and use that hand more.
40. What would most probably happen when a Greek meets a North American
A. The Greek keeps 12 inches apart from the North American.
B. The Greek can keep a comfortable distance with the North American.
C. The North American accepts the Greek distance when they become friends.
D. The North American keeps backing away while the Greeks keeps moving closer.
41. It can be inferred from the passage that the Frenchmen _________.
A. move closer when they want to emphasize a point
B. use more body language to interact with others
C. sit farther apart when they talk in a large room
D. Don’t mind bodily contact in a crowded elevator
42. Touching with the left hand is regarded as __________ in the Muslim countries.
A. a meaningless gesture
B. an offending action
C. an unintentional mistake
D. an ill-intentioned joke
(C)
The ocean bottom - a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth - is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted. Until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 36, 000 meters deep. In complete darkness and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's surface, the deep-ocean bottom is an unfriendly environment to humans, in some ways as forbidding and remote as outer space.
Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks and sediments (沉淀物) for over a century now, the first detailed global investigation of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968, with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) . Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry, the DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, pulling out samples of sediment and rock from the ocean floor.
The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year research program that ended in November 1983. During this time, the vessel logged 600, 000 kilometers and took almost 20, 000 core samples of seabed sediments and rocks at 624 drilling sites around the world. The Glomar Challenger's core samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to calculate what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics (板块构造学说) and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that have come to shape the Earth.
The cores of sediment drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also produced information critical to understanding the world's past climates. Deep-ocean sediments provide a climatic record that stretches back for hundreds of millions of years, because they are largely isolated from the mechanical erosion (侵蚀) and the intense chemical and biological activity that rapidly destroy much land-based evidence of past climates. This record has already provided insights into the patterns and causes of past climatic change—information that may be used to predict future climates.
43. The author refers to the ocean bottom as a "frontier" in Paragraph 1 because it ______.
A. is an unknown territory B. attracts courageous explorers
C. contains wide variety of life forms D. is not a popular area for scientific research
44. Which of the following is true of the Glomar Challenger
A. It is an ongoing project. B. It is a type of submarine.
C. It has gone on over 100 voyages. D. It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968.
45. The Deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was ______.
A. funded entirely by the gas and oil industry
B. an attempt to find new sources of oil and gas
C. composed of geologists from all over the world
D. the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom
46. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep Sea Drilling Project
A. Biologists observed forms of marine life never before seen.
B. Information was revealed about the Earth's past climatic changes.
C. Two geological theories became more widely accepted by scientists.
D. Geologists were able to determine the Earth's appearance hundreds of millions of years ago.
Section C (8’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. ____47____. In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history – a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.
Britain was only the beginning. ____48____. The process of urbanization----the migration of people from the countryside to the city----was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.
In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. The rest live in small towns.
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. ____49____. Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite and the servant, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.
Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. ____50____. Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.
A. That kept cities very small.
B. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.
C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered.
D. Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.
E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.
F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive
IV. Fill in the blanks (15’)
Section A
Directions: Choose one of the words from the box to complete each sentence in the proper from.
recommend；threat；demonstrate；favor ；resist；represent；enforce；establish
51. These ancient woodlands are under ________ from new road developments.
52. Unless ________ with strict regulations and military force, such a law will not be effective.
53. The trial period was over and I could settle down to________ a closer contact with the apes.
54. The referee will not take any action in his ________ if a contestant injures himself while attempting to foul his opponent.
55. The general manager intended _________ his department to negotiate with the contracting company yesterday, but the materials were not collected in time.
56. We should make up our mind _________ the waste of resources for the sake of us human beings.
57. The English novel, The Old Man and the Sea, written by Earnest Hemingway, is well worth _________.
58. Don’t waste time _________ to them the difficulties we are facing, for it is only we that can be aware of what we are undergoing.
Section B
Directions: Choose one of the phrases from the box to complete each sentence in the proper form.
spring up in one’s prime on a large scale date back to dump into approve of go on a diet
59. By no means ________we ________ their new scheme to invest in the stock market, which will cost us all our savings.
60. My class teacher insisted that all the rubbish _________ the classified dustbin in different colors.
61. Deep in the mountains, we eventually found the caves, __________ early Viking times in about 800 AD.
62. Many intelligent buildings are claimed ___________ in the Central Business District in the past two decades.
63. He was devoted to the medical research, worn out on a daily basis, which deprived him of his life __________.
64. He must ____________ now, for such a foodie has been skipping his lunch every day since last week.
65. However, the cost of production could fall as they are manufactured ____________, just as mobile phones have become cheaper.
V. Translation (3’+3’+4’+5’)
66. 她本可以独自一人前往热带雨林。（汉译英）
67. 过了很久这位运动员才从手术中恢复过来。(before) (汉译英)
68. 你能否告诉我究竟是谁在黑猩猩的研究中取得了重大突破？ (on earth) (汉译英)
69. 正是因为澳大利亚对体育的大量投资，才使得这个只有1900万人口的国家获得了一枚又一枚的奥运金牌。(强调句) (汉译英)
听力答案：1-20 DDCBCABCDDBCCCBACDCC
