(共46张PPT)
Unit 4 Exploring poetry
高中同步导练
英语选择性必修第一册
Section One: Welcome to the unit & Reading
1. barren adj. ________________________________
2. trill n. __________________ vt. _______________ vi. ____________
3. ____________ vt. 含有……的意思，暗示，暗指
4. ____________ n. 方面，侧面；规模，程度；维
5. ____________ n. 理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及 vt. 抓紧；领会，理解
6. ____________ vt. 发现，查明，侦察出
贫瘠的，不毛的；不结果实的
(鸟的)啼啭，颤音
imply
grasp
欢快地高声说
I.重点词汇
发颤音
dimension
detect
7. ____________ n. 押韵词；押韵 vt. 使押韵 vi. 和……同韵
8. ____________ adj. 复杂的，难懂的 n. 建筑群；复合体；情结
9. ____________ adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的
10. ____________ n. 线索，提示；迹象
11. ____________ vt. 把(动物)关在笼中 n. 笼子
12. ____________ vt. 解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi. 口译
13. ____________ adv. 到旁边，在旁边；留，存；除……以外
I.重点词汇
complex
contradictory
rhyme
clue
cage
interpret
aside
14. ____________ adj. 偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的
15. ____________ vt. 奖励，奖赏 n. 奖励，回报；悬赏金
16. ____________ adj. 内心的，隐藏的；里面的，内部的
17. ____________ vt. 注意到，意识到；将……理解为，将……视为
18. ____________ n. 薄雾，水汽
inner
I.重点词汇
perceive
mist
reward
remote
1. ____________ adj. 结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的→__________ adj. 极冷的；冰点以下的→____________ v. (使)冻结，结冰；(使)冻住
2. ____________ n. 耐心；忍耐力→____________ adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人→____________ adv. 耐心地→____________ adj. 没有耐心的→____________ adv. 不耐烦地
3. ____________ adv. 始终，一直→____________ adj. 不断的；重复的；不变的，固定的
frozen
freezing
II.词汇拓展
patience
patiently
impatiently
freeze
constantly
constant
patient
impatient
4. ___________ adj. 符合逻辑的；必然的，合乎情理的→_________ n. 逻辑→____________ adj. 不合逻辑的
5. ____________ n. 现实，实际情况；事实，实际经历→_________adj. 真实的；真的→____________adv. 事实上；真正地；的确
logical
logic
II.词汇拓展
reality
illogical
real
really
1. dig up ___________________
2. ____________ 把……放一边；留出
发现，搜集，查明
III.重点短语
set sth. aside
1. More than any other type of literature, it usually implies a deeper meaning ___________________________.(P44)它通常隐含着超越书面文字的深层意义，比任何其他类型的文学作品都要多。
2. Even if its true meaning appears to be ________________________，you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud.(P44)即使你似乎无法理解诗歌的真正含义，也总是可以说说这首诗在朗读时听起来如何。
beyond the words on the page
IV.重点句式
beyond your grasp
3. Second, approach the poem ________________________ in an unfamiliar landscape.(P44)第二，读这首诗，就好像你是一个在陌生风景中的探险家。
4. As you slowly explore your surroundings, you will start to ______________ that give you a greater understanding of the poem.(P45)当你慢慢探索周围的环境时，你会开始挖掘线索，让你对这首诗有更深刻的理解。
IV.重点句式
as if you were an explorer
dig up clues
5. Read these lines, pay attention to ________________________ and try to find out what it means.(P45)读这几行诗，注意笼中鸟的意象，试着找出它的本意。
6. Third, if you are still struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem even ____________________________， just have some patience.(P45)第三，如果你仍在费尽心思去理解一首诗的意思，那就要有耐心。
7. So if you do not get it, __________________ and come back to it later.(P45)所以，如果你不明白，就把这首诗放在一边，待会再来读。
IV.重点句式
the image of the caged bird
with much painstaking effort
set the poem aside
8. This may seem difficult at first, but when you finally make your great discovery, ____________________________．(P45)一开始这似乎很难，但当你终于有了伟大的发现，你的努力就会得到回报。
9. As long as the journey of poetry reading makes you feel something or lets you perceive another level of meaning, it will ________________________.
(P45)只要读诗之旅能让你有所感悟，或者让你发现另一层含义，你的努力就是值得的。
IV.重点句式
your efforts will be rewarded
have been worth your effort
Ⅰ.快速阅读课文，回答以下问题。
1. What is poetry
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________2. How to reveal this hidden dimension
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Follow your ears; approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an
Poetry is a combination of “sound” and “sense” and usually implies a deeper meaning beyond the words on the page.
unfamiliar landscape; just have some patience, and remember that you
do not have to fully understand a poem to appreciate it.
Ⅰ.快速阅读课文，回答以下问题
3. What's the influence of poetry's combination of “sound” and “sense”？
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
It can make you see the world in a new way and allow you to go beyond normal reality for the everlasting beauty.
Ⅱ. 整体阅读课文，完成以下表格
温馨提示：双击文件直达
Ⅲ.根据以上思维导图，写一篇60词左右的课文概要
One possible version：
Poetry is an art with a combination of “sound” and “sense”. (要点1) Just follow four steps, including following your ears, exploring (keeping curious), having some patience and appreciating illogically, (要点2) and you'll see the world in a new angle and go out of the ordinary for the inner beauty.(要点3)
1．frozen adj.结冰的，冰封的；冷冻的；冻僵的
教材原句：Frozen with snow(P43)大雪冰封
【常见搭配】
be frozen to death 被冻死
【衍生词】
freeze vt. (使)冻结，结冰；(使)冻住
freezing adj. 极冷的；冰点以下的
freezer n. 冰冻柜，冰柜
【经典例句】
Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. 冷冻的香蕉将维持几个星期，这取决于它们的成熟程度和冰箱的温度。
[边学边练]用freeze的适当形式填空
(1)It is __________ cold today!
(2)They want the government __________ prices.
(3)It was quite cold now and the ground was ________ hard.
freezing
to freeze
frozen
2．grasp n. 理解，领会；抓紧，握紧，控制；能力所及 vt. 抓紧；
领会，理解
教材原句：Even if its true meaning appears to be beyond your grasp, you can always say something about how the poem sounds when you read it aloud.(P44)即使你似乎无法理解诗歌的真正含义，也总是可以说说这首诗在朗读时听起来如何。
【常见搭配】
grasp at sth.尽力抓住某物
grasp a chance/an opportunity抓住机会
grasp that...理解/领会……
have a good/poor grasp of...对……有好/差的理解
within one's grasp在某人的掌握下 beyond one's grasp 无法理解
【经典例句】
A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you'll love to live in.掌握如何管理空间中的颜色是创建你喜欢居住的房间的第一步。
[边学边练]完成句子
(1)看来你对这个题目理解得很透彻。
You seem to ________________________ the subject.
(2)现在我们已经成功在握。
Success is now ________________________.
(3)我们都希望他能抓住出国留学的机会。
We all hope he can ____________________________ study abroad.
have a good grasp of
within our grasp
grasp the chance/opportunity to
3．detect vt. 发现，查明，侦察出
教材原句：Do you detect a rhythm？(P44)你能感觉到节奏吗？
【衍生词】
detective n. 侦探 detection n. 侦察；探测；察觉；发现
detector n. 探测器；检测器；侦察器
【经典例句】
In contrast, humans do not seem to be as gifted as other animals at detecting such chemicals. 相比之下，人类似乎并不像其他动物那样擅长发现这种化学物质。
[边学边练]用detect的适当形式填空
(1)The report advocated that all buildings should be fitted with smoke ___________.
(2)The little boy is addicted to reading __________ novels.
(3)Most skin cancers can be cured if _________ and treated early.
detectors
detective
detected
4．contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的
教材原句：This combination is often complex or even contradictory.
(P44～45)这种结合往往是复杂的，甚至是矛盾的。
【常见搭配】
be contradictory to和……相矛盾
【衍生词】
contradict vt. 反驳；驳斥；相矛盾；相反
【经典例句】
Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because their brains receive contradictory messages. 在最初的几天里，一些宇航员在空间站感到恶心，因为他们的大脑收到了对立的信息。
[边学边练]完成句子
(1)那个囚犯的供词与早些时候说的相矛盾。
The prisoner's statement ________________________ the one he'd made earlier.
(2)孩子们不应顶撞父母。
Young children ________________________ what their parents say.
was contradictory to
shouldn't contradict
5．clue n. 线索，提示；迹象
教材原句：As you slowly explore your surroundings, you will start to dig up clues that give you a greater understanding of the poem.(P45)当你慢慢探索周围的环境时，你会开始挖掘线索，让你对这首诗有更深刻的理解。
【句型分析】这是一个主从复合句。as引导时间状语从句。主句中that引导定语从句，其中先行词为clues。
【常见搭配】
clue to 线索，提示；迹象
thread the clues把线索串起来
【经典例句】
The police think the videotape may hold some vital clues to the identity of the killer.警方认为那盘录像带可能录有能确认凶手身份的一些重要线索。
[边学边练]完成句子
(1)男人刮胡子的方式也许能泄露其年龄。
How a man shaves may be a telling clue _______________.
(2)你头上的毛发能提供你健康状况的线索。
The hair on your head may _________________ your health.
to his age
give a clue to
6．interpret vt. 解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi. 口译
教材原句：Third, if you are still struggling to interpret the meaning of a poem even with much painstaking effort, just have some patience.(P45)第三，如果你仍在费尽心思去理解一首诗的意思，那就要有耐心。
【常见搭配】
interpret sth. as sth. 把……理解为
interpret for sb. 为……口译
【衍生词】
interpreter n. 口译员 interpretation n. 解释；演绎
【经典例句】
Can you interpret the importance of what he remarked at the end of the meeting 你能解释一下他在会议结束时所说的话的重要性吗？
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)We must allow him to be a good ___________ (interpret)．
(2)I didn't know whether to interpret her silence ________ acceptance or refusal.
(3)Her evidence suggests a different ____________ (interpret) of the events.
as
interpreter
interpretation
7. patience n. 耐心，忍耐力
【常见搭配】
out of patience不耐烦
lose patience with sb./sth.对……失去耐心
have (no) patience with sb./sth.对某人/某物(没)有耐心
【衍生词】
patient adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人
be patient with sb./sth.对……有耐心
patiently adv. 耐心地
impatient adj. 不耐烦的
impatiently adv. 不耐烦地
【经典例句】
With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a combination of artificial breeding and natural reproduction. 在他们的耐心和努力下，他们成功地发展了人工繁殖和自然繁殖的结合。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)This boy is very naughty, so you have to be ________ (patience) with him.
(2)He became ________ (patience) with me and lost his temper.
(3)She explained the question to the boy 5 times with great ___________ (patient)．
patient
impatient
patience
8．set sth. aside 把……放一边；留出
教材原句：So if you do not get it, set the poem aside and come back to it later.(P45)所以，如果你不明白，就把这首诗放在一边，待会再来读。【句型分析】这是一个主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句。
【归纳拓展】
stand aside站在一边；让开
lay aside放到一边
put aside把……放在一边；忽视；储存
aside from＝apart from除……以外
【经典例句】
They agreed to set aside their differences and work together for peace. 他们同意搁置分歧，为和平而共同努力。
[边学边练]用aside的相关短语填空
(1)Considering your salary, you should ____________ at least 100 dollars a week.
(2)She can speak five foreign languages ____________ English.
put aside
aside from
9．reward vt. 奖励，奖赏 n. 奖励，回报；悬赏金
教材原句：This may seem difficult at first, but when you finally make your great discovery, your efforts will be rewarded.(P45)一开始这似乎很难，但当你终于有了伟大的发现，你的努力就会得到回报。
【句型分析】这是一个主从复合并列句，when引导条件状语从句，but并列两个句子。
【常见搭配】
reward sb. for (doing) sth.＝give/offer a reward to sb. for sth.因(做)某事而酬谢某人
reward sb. with sth.用……酬谢/报答某人
in reward for为酬答……；作为奖励
as a reward for...作为对……的酬谢
【衍生词】
rewarding adj. 值得做的，有价值的
提示：reward与award的用法。
award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.授予/给予/颁发某人某物
【易混辨析】reward, award与prize
reward指对某人的工作、帮助或服务的报答或酬谢。
award表示“奖，奖金，奖品”，既可作动词也可作名词，指为鼓励在工作中达到或完成所提出的要求或条件的人而进行的奖励，往往强调荣誉而不强调奖品的大小或奖金的多少。作动词时可以接双宾。award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb.“授予/给予/颁发某人某物”。
prize表示“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉，可以分等级，如一等奖、二等奖等。
【经典例句】
The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her! 那个老太太拿出50美元的奖金给任何一个找回她的猫的人！
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)She was rewarded ________ her efforts with a cash bonus.
(2)Teaching is not very financially ___________ (reward)．
用“辨析”的词语填空
(3)He won first ________， which made him famous in his school.
(4)She started singing to the baby and was ________ with a smile.
(5)The woman __________ $100 to the boy for saving her son.
for
rewarding
prize
rewarded
awarded
10．constantly adv. 始终，一直
教材原句：Poems that are easy to understand are often less interesting than those that constantly reveal deeper and previously unrecognized meanings.(P45)相比容易理解的诗，那些不断展现更加深刻的、先前未发现的意义的诗常常更加有趣。
【句型分析】这是一个主从复合句。句中两个that都是引导定语从句，第一个先行词为poems，第二个先行词为those。
【衍生词】
constant adj. 不断的；重复的；不变的；固定的
【经典例句】
We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. 因此，我们谈论的不是适应新的标准，而是适应不断变化的一系列条件。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)We are _____________ (constant) wondering and trying to find out what's over the hill and beyond the horizon.
(2)She suggests that women are under ________ (constantly) pressure to be abnormally thin.
constantly
constant (共60张PPT)
Unit 4 Exploring poetry
高中同步导练
英语选择性必修第一册
Section Two: Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
1. diverge vi. _________________________________
2. tread vi. & vt. (trod, trodden) _________________________________
3. sigh n. & vi. ________________
4. ____________ n. 理想；典范 adj. 完美的，理想的
5. ____________ adj. 死板的，僵硬的；固执的，僵化的
6. ____________ vt. (过去式____________，过去分词____________)经历，经受
分叉，岔开；分歧，相异；偏离
踩，踏；踩碎，践踏；行走，步行
ideal
rigid
I.重点词汇
叹气，叹息
undergo
underwent
undergone
7. ____________ vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 n. 拥护者，支持者；辩护律师
8. ____________ n. 时代，年代
9. ____________ n. 区，行政区；地区，区域
10. ____________ vi. & vt. (过去式_________，过去分词___________) (使)拐弯，弯曲 n. 拐弯，弯道
11. ____________ n. 声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt. 宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得
12. ____________ adv. 因此，由此
advocate
era
bend
bent
I.重点词汇
district
claim
bent
hence
1. ____________ n. 小说家→____________ n. 小说
2. ________________ n. 工业化→____________ n. 工业；生产制造；行业→____________ adj. 工业的；产业的
3. ____________ n. 看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心→____________ n. 不信；怀疑→____________ vt. 相信；认为→____________ adj. 可信的→____________ adj. 难以置信的；不真实的
novelist
industrial
II.词汇拓展
disbelief
industrialization
novel
industry
believable
believe
unbelievable
belief
________________ 与某事终止关联，破除
III.重点短语
break with sth.
1. The aim of the Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century: they refused to follow rigid rules; instead, they ______________________________ imagination and feeling, the love of nature and a return to the past.(P48)浪漫主义者的目标是打破18世纪的完美典型：他们拒绝遵循僵化的规则；相反，他们强调想象力和情感的重要性、对自然的热爱和对过去的回归。
2. During that time, England was ___________________ called industrialization.
(P48)在那期间，英国正在经历一个被称作为工业化的历程。
put emphasis on the importance of
IV.重点句式
undergoing a process
3. Instead, they advocated ________________________.(P48)相反，他们提倡回归自然。
4. The poets also wrote about __________________________.(P48)诗人们还写下个人的情感和信仰。
5. Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature, the poetry of the Romantic era is ________________________ in Western literature.(P48)探索情感世界，展现自然之美，浪漫主义时代的诗歌是西方文学的瑰宝之一。
going back to nature
IV.重点句式
individual feelings and beliefs
one of the greatest treasures
1．break with sth. 与某事终止关联，破除
教材原句：The aim of the Romantics was to break with the ideals of the 18th century: they refused to follow rigid rules; instead, they put emphasis on the importance of imagination and feeling, the love of nature and a return to the past.(P48)浪漫主义者的目标是打破18世纪的完美典型：他们拒绝遵循僵化的规则；相反，他们强调想象力和情感的重要性、对自然的热爱和对过去的回归。
【归纳拓展】
break up 解散；破碎；结束；放假 break in打断；闯入
break into闯入；破门而入 break off折断；突然停止
break out爆发；突发 break through突破，突围
break down分解；破裂；发生故障
break away (from) 逃脱；脱离
【经典例句】
Making a completely clean break with the past, the couple got rid of all their old furniture.为了与过去彻底决裂，这对夫妇扔掉了他们全部的旧家具。
[边学边练]用break相关短语的适当形式填空
(1)It's bad manners to ____________ an office without knocking at the door.
(2)When life ends, DNA ________________ and does not repair itself.
(3)It is predicted that the war is likely to ____________ soon.
break into
breaks down
break out
2．advocate vt. 拥护，支持，提倡 n. 拥护者，支持者；辩护律师
教材原句：Instead, they advocated going back to nature.(P48)相反，他们提倡回归自然。
【常见搭配】
advocate (doing) sth. 提倡/主张(做)某事
advocate that...主张……(从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)
be an advocate of/for ……的提倡者/拥护者
【经典例句】
Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour. 很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)Many educators advocate ____________ (reform) the present education system.
(2)He is ____________ advocate of more airplanes and fewer warships.
(3)The report advocated that all buildings _______________ (fit) with smoke detectors.
reforming
an
should be fitted
3．belief n. 看法，信念；信仰；相信，信心
教材原句：The poets also wrote about individual feelings and beliefs.(P48)诗人们还写下个人的情感和信仰。
【常见搭配】
have belief in sth./sb.相信/信仰……
beyond (one's) belief令人难以置信
hold the belief that持有……的观点
It is one's belief that...某人相信……
【衍生词】
disbelief n. 不信；怀疑
believe vt. 相信；认为
believable adj. 可信的
unbelievable adj. 难以置信的；不真实的
【经典例句】
One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a child's ability to think and to understand the world. 关于电视的一个传统信念是，它降低了孩子思考和理解世界的能力。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)The huts they lived in were sordid (肮脏的) and filthy ________ belief.
(2)The quarrel leading to the fight started from their disbelief ________ each other.
(3)There is a general belief ________ things will soon get better.
beyond
in
that
4．era n. 时代，年代
教材原句：Exploring the world of emotion and showing the beauty of nature, the poetry of the Romantic era is one of the greatest treasures in Western literature.(P48)探索情感世界，展现自然之美，浪漫主义时代的诗歌是西方文学的瑰宝之一。
【句型分析】这是一个简单句。句中现在分词作状语。
【易混辨析】era, age与times
era书面语用词，指历史上的纪元、年代，侧重时期的延续性和整个历程。
But in my view, it is worth it because in the era of knowledge explosion, many students have a thirst for knowledge. 但在我看来，这是值得的，因为在知识爆炸的时代，许多学生对知识有渴望。
age常指具有显著特征或以某杰出人物命名的历史时代或时期。
There are many minor and obscure poets in the age of Elizabeth. 伊丽莎白时代有许多不知名的诗人。
times侧重某一特定时期。
It was a time when motorcars were rare. 那是一个汽车稀少的时代。
[边学边练]用“辨析”的词语填空
(1)Life often seems to be marked off into different periods: school days, marriage, old __________.
(2)This head must have been found in classical __________ and carefully preserved.
(3)It marks the beginning of a new __________ in human history.
age
times
era
5．claim n. 声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt. 宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得
教材原句：And having perhaps the better claim(P50)而且可能有更好的理由
【常见搭配】
claim to do sth./that... 声称/主张做……
claim to have done sth.声称做过某事
It is claimed that...有人主张……
make a claim for sth.要求；对……提出赔偿要求
lay claim to sth. 声称对……的拥有权；提出对……的所有权
【经典例句】
The company claims that their fabric, measuring 137cm wide, sells well this year. 该公司声称，他们的面料，137厘米宽，今年销售良好。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)He claimed ________ (be) the owner of the car.
(2)________ was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week.
(3)As the victim in the accident, I will make a claim ________ the injuries I suffered.
to be
for
It
非谓语动词用法总括
一、非谓语动词的定义
非谓语动词(动词不定式、动词 ing形式和动词 ed形式)不是真正意义上的谓语动词，在句中不能单独作谓语。但都具有动词的某些特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语，构成非谓语动词短语。动词不定式(表目的，表将来)；动词 ing形式(表主动，表进行)；动词 ed形式(表被动，表完成)。
二、非谓语动词的用法
1．非谓语动词(动词不定式与动词 ing形式)作主语
序号 归纳 例句
1 动词不定式、动词 ing形式都可作主语，但是动词 ing形式作主语多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的、经常的行为；动词不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。(泛指玩火)
To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。
2 动词不定式作主语时常常用形式主语it代替，动词不定式置于句末。即It is＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.
注意：表示人的品质时只能用of sb. 如considerate/kind/nice/
foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等词出现时。 It is necessary for us to have a good command of the English language.我们必须精通英语。It is important for us to learn English well.对我们来说学好英语很重要。It is silly of you to say so.你这么说真傻。
3 动词 ing形式有时也用形式主语it代替，动词 ing形式置于句末。 It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。
4 “Wh ＋动词不定式”可作主语。 When to leave hasn't been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢。
Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾还是乘火车仍是一个问题。
5 一般情况下，动词不定式和动词 ing形式作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。但and连接的多个动词 ing形式作主语，谓语动词大多用复数(如果前后动名词的语义一致，谓语一般用单数)。 Seeing is believing.＝ To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
Planting flowers needs constant watering. 种花需要不断浇水。
Lying and stealing are immoral.说谎与盗窃是不道德的。
6 动词 ing形式前面可以加上名词所有格或形容词性物主代词构成动词 ing形式的复合结构。 —What made him angry
—Mary's/Her being late made him angry.
2.非谓语动词(动词不定式与动词 ing形式)作宾语
(1)常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有decide/determine(决定), learn(学会), want(想要), expect(期待)，hope/wish(希望), refuse(拒绝), manage(完成), care(关心), pretend(假装), offer(提供), promise(承诺), choose(选择), plan(计划), agree(同意), ask(询问)，beg(乞求), help(帮助)，afford(供得起), happen(发生), wait(等待), threaten(威胁)等。
(2)①常用动词 ing形式作宾语的动词有consider(考虑), advise/suggest/propose/recommend(建议), excuse/pardon(原谅), admit/acknowledge(承认), delay/postpone/put off(推迟), imagine/fancy(想象), avoid(避免), practise(练习), deny(否认), finish(完成); appreciate/acknowledge(感谢), forbid (禁止), mind(介意); escape(逃脱), miss(错过), enjoy(享受), risk (冒险), tolerate/bear/stand (容忍), quit(停止), advocate(提倡), resist (抵制), understand(理解), allow/permit(允许)等。
②常用动词 ing形式作宾语的短语有feel like doing sth.(喜欢做某事), give up doing sth. (放弃做某事), keep doing sth. (继续做某事), be busy doing sth. (忙于做某事), can't help doing sth.(情不自禁做某事), be worth doing sth. (值得做某事), have difficulty/trouble doing sth.(做某事有困难/麻烦), have a hard/good time doing sth.(做某事很开心/不开心), have fun doing sth.(做某事很开心), succeed in doing sth. (成功做某事)等。
③常用动词 ing形式作宾语的句型有It is no use/good /pleasure doing sth.(做某事没有用处/好处/乐趣), There is no point in doing sth.(做某事没有意义), It's a waste of time doing sth.(做某事浪费时间), It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.(值得做某事)等。
(3)在like, love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动词不定式或动词 ing形式无多大区别，常可以交换使用。有时用动词 ing形式作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟动词不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start，begin，continue在书面语中其后多接动词 ing形式，在口语中其后多接动词不定式。
I like swimming.＝I like to swim.我喜欢游泳。
(4)在动词need, require, want, deserve后，用动词 ing形式表示被动意义，即need/require/want/deserve doing＝need/require/want/deserve to be done。
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning＝The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned. 窗户需要清洁。
These proposals deserve considering＝These proposals deserve to be considered. 这些建议应该被考虑。
(5)forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try等动词(词组)可带动词不定式或动词 ing形式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
(6)介词后接动词 ing形式作宾语。
I look forward to hearing from you soon.我期待着尽快收到你的来信。
注意：to为介词的短语：
devote oneself to (致力于), look forward to (期望), pay attention to (注意), attach importance to (重视), be used/accustomed to (习惯于), when it comes to (当谈到), get down to (着手), prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(比起……更喜欢……), turn to (转向), thanks to (多亏), lead to (导致), the key to (关键), object to/be opposed to (反对), contribute to (有助于), be addicted to (对……上瘾), make contributions to (对……做出贡献), due to(由于), apply oneself to (致力于), stick to(坚持), come close to (接近)
3．非谓语动词(动词不定式、动词 ing形式与动词 ed形式)作表语
序号 归纳 例句
1 动词不定式用作表语说明主语所指的内容。to 原则上是不能省略的。但当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时，用作表语的动词不定式可以省略to。 His aim is to do two years' work in one. 他的目标是一年干两年的工作。
All I did was (to) touch the window, and it broke. 我只不过碰了一下窗户，玻璃就碎了。
2 动词 ing形式和动词 ed形式作表语说明主语的特征或状态，动词 ing形式还可以表示主语所指的内容。 The film is moving. 这部电影很感人。
His favorite sport is swimming. 他最喜欢的运动是游泳。
4.非谓语动词(动词不定式、动词 ing形式与动词 ed形式)作定语
序号 归纳 例句
1 动词不定式常表示将要发生的事，动词 ing形式常表示正在发生的事，动词 ed形式常表示已经发生的事或表示被动意义。 Please give me some paper to write on.请给我一些纸写东西。
There are many people waiting outside the hall.有许多人正在大厅外面等着。
A great number of students questioned said they were forced to practice the piano.许多被询问的学生说他们被迫练习钢琴。
2 动词不定式和动词 ing形式作定语有被动形式。 The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天举行的会议非常重要。
The meeting being held now is of great importance.现在举行的会议非常重要。
5.非谓语动词(动词不定式、动词 ing形式与动词 ed形式)作状语
序号 归纳 例句
1 动词不定式作状语表示目的或者结果，动词 ing形式和动词 ed形式作状语表示时间、原因、伴随等。 He gets up early to catch the early bus.他起得早是为了赶上早班车。
Traveling by jeep, we visited a number of cities.我们乘吉普车旅行，参观了许多城市。
Influenced by his example，they performed countless good deeds.在他事迹的影响下，他们做了无数的好事。
2 动词 ing形式有主动意义，动词 ed形式有被动意义。 He lay on the grass reading a novel.他躺在草地上读小说。
The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 老师走进实验室，后面跟着一些学生。
3 动词 ing形式作状语可用完成式。 Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 被告知多次后，他仍然重复同样的错误。
6.非谓语动词(动词不定式、动词 ing形式与动词 ed形式)作补语
序号 归纳 例句
1 在permit, allow, expect, advise，force, order, request, warn, forbid等动词后，常接“名词/代词＋动词不定式”结果，动词不定式作补语。 We don't allow students to smoke. 我们不允许学生吸烟。
2 在see, hear, notice, watch, feel等动词后，可以接不带to的动词不定式作补语，表示动作的整个过程；这些动词也可以接动词 ing形式作补语，表示动作正在进行。 I saw him go downstairs just now.我刚才看见他下楼去了。
I saw him playing on the playground now.我看见他正在操场上玩。
3 动词 ed形式作补语常表示被动意义。 I had my daughter taken care of by my mother.我让我母亲照顾我的女儿。
1. It's important for the figures ____________ (update) regularly.
2. __________________ (understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
3. The engine just won't start. Something seems ____________ (go) wrong with it.
4. The flowers ____________ (smell) sweet attract a lot of people.
5. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____________ (use) in daily conversations.
to be updated
Understanding
to go
smelling
used
[边学边练]单句语法填空
6. Volunteering gives you a chance ____________ (change) lives, including your own.
7. My worry is your ____________ (rely) too much on your parents.
8. Please remain ____________ (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
9. Whenever you are in trouble, don't hesitate ____________ (ask) me for help.
10. As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area need ____________ (repair)．
to change
relying
seated
to ask
repairing
[边学边练]单句语法填空
11. The competitor never dreamed of there ____________ (be) a chance for him to win first prize in the 100 meter race.
12. I really regret ____________ (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.
13. Not _________________ (receive) her letter, he wrote again.
14. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _________ (wash)．
15. I looked up and noticed a snake ____________ (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
being
to inform
having received
washed
winding
[边学边练]单句语法填空
如何写文学评论？
【命题原则】
文学评论是一种以作家、作品、文学创作和文学思潮作为评论对象的文体。文学评论的作者旨在表达自己对文学作品的理解和认识，启发和帮助读者提高阅读水平，对作品的作者提出正确而有益的建议。文学评论是应用写作的一种重要文体。
【写作要点】
1．写作步骤
(1)介绍所要评论的文学作品(标题、作者和类型);
(2)简述作品情节；
(3)讨论作品的主题和意义；
(4)介绍读者对作品的评析。
2．注意事项
要想写好文学评论，首先，我们要细致地品读文学作品，准确把握评论对象；其次，在写文学评论的过程中，我们要做到以下几点：
(1)评价要明确。
(2)结构要清晰。对作品的评价常常是一开始就明确提出，下文加以证明，形成总分结构。
(3)评论语言要简洁、形象、生动。
(4)文学评论经常使用一般现在时，但是有时也可根据需要使用其他时态。
(5)文学评论通常采用夹叙夹议、评析结合的写法。
3．单元写作(诗歌评论)
(1)简要介绍诗人与诗歌；
(2)分析并评价诗歌的艺术特点；
(3)对诗歌的理解，可融入个人情感。
【常用话题表达】
推荐模板
①…is a highly praised novel by…
②The novel deals with the story of…
③…is a classic of…literature. It shows that…
④…is a novel by…
⑤The novel is told in the form of…
⑥The book written by…is about…
⑦…written by…is one of the most popular and highly regarded…in…
⑧The book tells us a story of…
⑨From the story, we can learn…
⑩I am greatly impressed by…
增分佳句
①Since the novel was published, it has been popular among children as well as adults.自从小说出版以来，就受到了小孩和成年人的欢迎。
②I liked the story so much that my mother always read it to me before I went to sleep every night during my childhood.我非常喜欢这个故事，以至于小时候每天晚上睡觉之前我母亲总是读给我听。
③This is a novel written by the English author Daniel Defoe, published in 1719.这是一部英国作家丹尼尔·笛福创作的小说，出版于1719年。
④In a word, Jane Eyre is one of the works that all women in the world should read, and I definitely recommend it.总之，《简·爱》是一部全世界女性必读的作品之一，我强烈推荐它。
⑤Jane Eyre is a masterpiece of the famous British writer Charlotte Bronte's and one of the most classics in the British history of literature.《简·爱》是英国著名作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，也是英国文学史上最经典的作品之一。
【典型示例】
根据表格中提供的信息，写一篇关于“The Home Made Ball”的文学评论。注意：词数80左右。
作者 Jerry Johnson
背景 现代美国
人物描述 主要人物Kevin和好友Mike每天踢自制足球，Kevin得到新的运动鞋和足球后，友情突变
主题讨论 重要主题：友谊
新旧象征：旧的东西象征友谊，如：旧自制足球，旧长椅；新的东西象征着挑战，如：新运动鞋，新足球
个人观点：(两点或以上)……
体裁 文学评论 时态 以一般现在时为主
主题 The Home Made Ball 人称 以第三人称为主
结构 第一段：介绍作者、文章的标题和写作背景
第二段：介绍故事梗概及主要人物
第三段：写故事的重要主题，讨论故事中的象征意义
第四段：表达自身的感受及等级评论
【核心词汇】
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1. ________________________ adj. 现代的；当代的
2. ________________________ n. 主题
3. ________________________ n. 作者
4. ________________________ 全新运动鞋
5. ________________________ 主要人物
6. ________________________ 以……为背景
7. ________________________ 值得做某事
modern
theme
author
brand new sneakers
main character
main character
be worth doing sth.
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1. 故事发生在现代美国。
The story ______________________________.
2. 主要人物是一个叫凯文的男孩。
________________________ is a boy ____________ Kevin.
3. 当凯文得到崭新的运动鞋和一个新的足球时，一切都改变了。
________________________________ and a new soccer ball, things are changed.
4. 友谊是这部短篇小说的一个重要主题。
Friendship is ________________________ in this short story.
is set in modern America
The main character
called
When Kevin gets brand new sneakers
an important theme
5. 作者Jerry Johnson用新旧事物作为象征，比如旧的自制足球和新足球，旧的板凳和新运动鞋。
____________，Jerry Johnson, _________________________，like the old home made ball and the new soccer ball, the old bench and the new sneakers _____________________．
6. 也就是说，没有什么比友谊更重要。
That is, __________________________________ friendship.
The author
uses the old and new things
as symbols
nothing is more important than
【核心要点的不同表达】
1. 凯文和迈克是好朋友，他们每天都踢他们自制的足球。当凯文得到崭新的运动鞋和一个新的足球时，一切都改变了。(用 who引导定语从句和连词 but升级)
Kevin and Mike are good friends.They play soccer with their home made ball every day.When Kevin gets brand new sneakers and a new soccer ball, things are changed.
→____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
Kevin and Mike are good friends who play soccer with their home made
ball every day, but when Kevin gets brand new sneakers and a new
soccer ball, things are changed.
2. 旧的东西象征着最宝贵的东西——友谊，它需要被重视。(用which引导非限制性定语从句升级)
The old things symbolize the most valuable thing—friendship and it needs to be valued.
→____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
The old things symbolize the most valuable thing—friendship,
which needs to be valued.
3. 在我看来，这个故事真的很好，值得一读，对我们很有教育意义。(用 which引导非限制性定语从句升级)
From my point of view, this story is really good and worth reading. It is educational to us.
→____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
From my point of view, this story is really good and worth
reading, which is educational to us.
【优秀范文】
“The Home Made Ball” is a short story written by Jerry Johnson. The story is set in modern America.
The main character is a boy called Kevin. Kevin and Mike are good friends who play soccer with their home made ball every day, but when Kevin gets brand new sneakers and a new soccer ball, things are changed.
Friendship is an important theme in this short story. The author, Jerry Johnson, uses the old and new things, like the old home made ball and the new soccer ball, the old bench and the new sneakers as symbols. The old things symbolize the most valuable thing—friendship, which needs to be valued.The new things symbolize the challenges that the most valuable thing meets.
From my point of view, this story is really good and worth reading, which is educational to us. That is, nothing is more important than friendship. So I give it a five star rating.(共70张PPT)
Unit 4 Exploring poetry
高中同步导练
英语选择性必修第一册
Section Three: Extended reading & Project
1. dweller n. ______________ 2. Taoism n. ____________
3. legend n. ___________________________
4. nourish vi. _____________________________
5. boom n. ____________________________ vi. ________________________
6. unconstrained adj. ____________________
7. exaggeration n. ____________
8. metaphor n. ____________
居民，居住者
道教，道家
培养，助长；抚养，滋养
(贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣
I.重点词汇
传说，传奇故事；传奇人物
不受约束的，自由的
夸张，夸大
迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛
暗喻，隐喻
9. triumph n. _____________________________ vi. __________________
10. impostor n. ____________________________
11. ____________ vi. & vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
12. ____________ adj. 引人注目的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的
13. _______________ n. 儒家，儒学，孔子学说
14. ____________ vt. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇，碰到 n. 相遇，遭遇，冲突
15. ____________ adj. 众多的，许多的
巨大成功，重大成就，伟大胜利
打败，战胜，成功
striking
Confucianism
I.重点词汇
dare
encounter
冒名顶替者，冒名行骗者
numerous
16. ____________ n. 自由
17. ____________ n. 生命力，活力，热情
18. ____________ n．霜；霜冻，严寒天气
19. ____________ vt. (过去式____________，过去分词____________)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n. 全体演员；投，抛
20. ____________ vt. 欠(情)；欠(债)
liberty
vitality
cast
cast
I.重点词汇
frost
cast
owe
21. ____________ n. 人情债，情义，恩情；借款，欠款，债务
22. ____________ vt. (usually passive) 给……命名；使享有权利，使符合资格
23. ____________ vt. 把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n. 责任，责备，指责
debt
entitle
blame
I.重点词汇
1. ____________________ vt. 是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画→____________ n. 品质，性格，特点；特征；人物，角色；文字→________________ n. 品质，特征 adj. 典型的，独特的，特有的
2. ____________ adj. 荣耀的，光荣的；壮丽的，辉煌的→________ n. 荣誉，光荣；赞美；壮丽，辉煌
3. ____________ n. 稳定(性)，稳固(性)→____________ adj. 稳定的，牢固的；稳重的
characterize/characterise
characteristic
II.词汇拓展
character
glorious
glory
stability
stable
4. ____________ adj. 宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的→___________ n. 宽容，容忍；忍耐力
5. ____________ vt. & vi. 成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；认出；使出众→____________ adj. 卓越的，著名的；显得重要的，高贵的→____________ n. 区别；卓越
6. ______________ adj. 典型的，有代表性的 n. 典型人物，代表性人物；代表→____________ vt. 代表；体现；展示，描绘；正式提出→______________ n. 代表；表现；描述；描绘；表现形式
tolerant
distinguish
II.词汇拓展
distinguished
tolerance
distinction
representative
represent
representation
7. ____________ vt. & vi. 深深吸引，迷住→____________ adj.极有吸引力的；迷人的 →____________ adj. 入迷的；极感兴趣的→____________ n. 魅力；着迷
8. ____________ n. 津贴，补助；限额；零花钱→____________ vt. 允许，准许
9. ____________ adj. 棘手的；不饶人的，不宽容的→__________ vt. 原谅，宽恕→____________ n. 原谅；宽恕；宽宏大量
fascinate
fascination
II.词汇拓展
fascinated
fascinating
allowance
allow
unforgiving
forgive
forgiveness
_____________________ 体谅；考虑到，估计到
make allowance for
III.重点短语
IV.重点句式
1. _____________________________________ like “scaring dwellers on high”， this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style, which was later to characterize Li Bai's poetry.(P53)这首早期诗歌以“惊天上人”这样的表达方式表现出鲜明的想象力，这首早期诗歌已经呈现出浪漫主义风格，其后来成为李白诗歌的特征。
2. During his travels, he visited famous mountains and great rivers, ______________________________________.(P53)在他的旅行中，他游览了名山和大河，遇到了不同的风土人情。
With striking imagination in expressions
encountering different customs and practices
IV.重点句式
3. These travelling experiences also nourished his love of nature and inspired him to write __________________________________.(P53)这些旅行经历也培养了他对自然的热爱，激励他写了无数浪漫主义风格的诗。
4. Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, _________________________________________.(P53～54)李白成长于唐代最辉煌的时期，这个时期经济繁荣、社会稳定。
numerous poems in the romantic style
a time of economic boom and social stability
IV.重点句式
5. This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality, which, in turn, _____________________ his poetic production.(P54)这种开放宽容的氛围，使李白得以自由地发展出一种自由、无拘无束的人格，这反过来又对李白的诗歌创作产生了巨大的影响。
6. Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which _____________________________________ he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.(P54)同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下的无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。
had a huge impact on
breathes vitality into the lifeless objects
IV.重点句式
7. The poem below, written in his fifties, is __________________________
_________.(P54)下面这首50多岁写的诗是他浪漫主义风格的代表。
8. Generations of poets, both in China and abroad,______________________
_____________________.(P54)一代又一代的中外诗人都得益于他那鼓舞人心的诗歌。
9. He _________________ Li Bai's poems and translated some of them in his 1915 poetry collection entitled Cathay.(P54)他对李白的诗非常着迷，并在他1915年的诗集《华夏集》中翻译了一些诗。
representative of his romantic
owe a debt to his
inspirational poems
was fascinated by
style
1．dare vi. & vt. 敢于，胆敢；激(某人做某事)
教材原句：But I dare not speak in a voice loud(P53)不敢高声语
【名师点津】
(1)dare作为实义动词时，接带to的不定式，第三人称单数作主语时加s，疑问句和否定句用助动词do来构成。
We should not be producing compliant students who do not dare to criticize. 我们不应当把学生培养成不敢批评的唯唯诺诺的人。
(2)dare作情态动词时，第三人称单数作主语时不加s，疑问句和否定句不需要用助动词do来构成。
Dare he catch the mouse？她敢抓那只老鼠吗？
She daren't tell him the truth. 她不敢告诉他真相。
[边学边练]单句语法填空/改写句子
(1)Most people dislike Harry but they don't dare __________ (say) so.
(2)I don't know whether he dare __________ (try)．
(3)She dare tell him the news.(改为一般疑问句)
_________________________________________________________
Dare she tell him the news
to say
try
2．characterize vt. 是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画
【教材原句】With striking imagination in expressions like "scaring dwellers on high", this early poem already displayed signs of a romantic style, which was later to characterize Li Bai's poetry.(P53)这首早期诗歌以“惊天上人”这样的表达方式表现出鲜明的想象力，这首早期诗歌已经呈现出浪漫主义风格，后来成为李白诗歌的特征。
【衍生词】
character n. 品质，性格，特点；特征；人物；文字
in character符合某人的性格；特征上 out of character不符合某人的性格
in character with sth.与……风格相同 character building品德培养
characteristic n. 品质，特征 adj. 典型的，独特有；特有的
【经典例句】
A bold use of colour characterizes the bedroom. 大胆地使用颜色是卧室的特点。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)The city _________________ (character) by tall modern buildings in steel and glass.
(2)The new museum was not really ________ character with the rest of the build.
(3)She's split up with her boyfriend because of different ____________ (character)．
is characterized
in
characters
3． tolerant adj. 宽容的，容忍的；能耐……的
教材原句：This open and tolerant atmosphere allowed Li Bai the liberty to develop a free and unconstrained personality, which, in turn, had a huge impact on his poetic production.(P54)这种开放宽容的氛围，使李白得以自由地发展出一种自由、无拘无束的人格，这反过来又对李白的诗歌创作产生了巨大的影响。
【句型分析】这是一个主从复合句。句中which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是a free and unconstrained personality。
【常见搭配】
be tolerant of/towards sb./sth. 对……宽容
be tolerant of sth. 能耐……的；(动植物或机器)能在困难条件下生存(或操作)的
【衍生词】
tolerate vt. 容许；忍受；有耐受性
tolerate (doing) sth. 容许(做)某事
tolerance n. 宽容，容忍；忍耐力
have/show tolerance of/for sb./sth. 容忍……
【经典例句】
They need to be tolerant of different points of view. 他们需要容忍不同的观点。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)He has a very __________ (tolerate) attitude towards other religions.
(2)She has no ___________ (tolerate) for jokes of any kind.
(3)She refused to tolerate _____________ (call) a liar.
tolerant
tolerance
being called
4．liberty n. 自由
【常见搭配】
allow the liberty of允许……的自由
take the liberty of doing/to do sth.冒昧(或擅自)做某事
take liberties with sth. (尤指对书)任意窜改
at liberty (囚犯或动物)不再受监禁；自由
【衍生词】
liberate vt. 解放；使自由，使摆脱
liberation n. 解放，摆脱
【经典例句】
He had to endure six months' loss of liberty. 他得忍受六个月失去自由之苦。
We should help those who are still struggling for liberation. 我们应当帮助那些仍在为独立而斗争的人们。
[边学边练]单句语法填空/完成句子
(1)We must try our best ______________ (liberate) our people from poverty.
(2)The children of poor peasants had no chance to attend school before ____________ (liberate)．
(3)You are ____________ liberty to say what you like.
(4)我可以冒昧介绍一下我自己吗？
May I __________________________________ to you
(5)两名逃犯仍然逍遥法外。
Two of the escaped prisoners are __________________.
to liberate
liberation
at
take the liberty of introducing myself
still at liberty
5．vitality n. 生命力，活力，热情
教材原句：Equally impressive is Li Bai's free expression of strong feelings, which breathes vitality into the lifeless objects he describes, and which distinguishes him from other landscape poets.(P54)同样让人印象深刻的是李白强烈情感的自由抒发，这为他笔下无生命物体注入了生机，也让他有别于其他山水诗人。
【句型分析】这是一个主从复合并列句。句中两个which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词都是a free and unconstrained personality。
【衍生词】
vital adj. 必不可少的；生命的；生气勃勃的
be vital for/to sth. 对……极重要的
【经典例句】
And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before 这个故事提出了一个有趣的问题：为什么有些人在他们的日子结束时发现了新的活力和创造力，而另一些人则在很久以前就开始播种了？
[边学边练]完成句子
(1)这位演讲者说，中国的改革为其经济带来了活力。
The speaker said China's reforms ________________________ to its economy.
(2)维生素对健康至关重要。
The vitamins ________________________.
had brought vitality
are vital for health
6．distinguish vt. & vi. 成为……的特征，使有别于；区分，辨别；
认出；使出众
【常见搭配】
distinguish between…and…区分……和……
distinguish…from…使……区别于……的特征
distinguish oneself as…作为……而扬名
【衍生词】
distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的；显得重要，高贵的
distinction n. [C]区别；[U]卓越
【经典例句】
These robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. 这些机器人将能够区分某人是快乐还是悲伤。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)He is a _____________ (distinguish) player who won the champion in the 31th Olympic Games.
(2)The twins are so alike; it's difficult to distinguish one ________ the other.
(3)It could make it hard for people _______________ (distinguish) between virtual reality and reality.
from
distinguished
to distinguish
7. representative adj. 典型的，有代表性的 n. 典型人物，代表性人物；代表
教材原句：The poem below, written in his fifties, is representative of his romantic style.(P54)下面这首他50多岁写的诗是其浪漫主义风格的代表。
【衍生词】
represent v. 代表；体现；展示，描绘；正式提出
represent…as…把……描绘成……
represent sb. to be/as宣称某人是/为……
represent sth. to sb.向某人正式提出（意见，抗议等）
【经典例句】
Employees from each department elect a representative. 每个部门的员工选举一名代表。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)Beijing Opera is the most influential and ______________ (represent) of all operas in China.
(2)He represents his mother ________ the kindest mother in the world.
representative
as
8．owe vt. 欠(情)；欠(债)
教材原句：Generations of poets, both in China and abroad, owe a debt to his inspirational poems.(P54)一代又一代的中外诗人都得益于他那鼓舞人心的诗歌。
【常见搭配】
owe sb. sth.＝owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物
owe…to…把……归功于；归因于
owe it to sb. that…多亏了某人……
owing to因为；由于(＝thanks to)
【经典例句】
He owed his survival to his strength as a swimmer. 他把他的幸存归功于他作为游泳运动员而拥有的力量。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)________ (owe) to the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.
(2)He owes his good health ________ plenty of exercise and a regular life.
Owing
to
9． blame vt. 把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n. 责任，责备，指责
【常见搭配】
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
sb. be to blame (for sth.)某人应(为某事)承担责任；某人该(为某事)受责备
accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb.将某事归咎于某人身上
【经典例句】
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. 很多人发现早上起床很难，就把责任推到闹钟上。
[边学边练]单句语法填空
(1)The media is often blamed __________ encouraging the paparazzi (狗仔队)．
(2)The mother didn't know who was ____________ (blame) for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
for
to blame
温馨提示：双击文件直达
Section Four: Assessment & Further study
温馨提示：双击文件直达
微技能四 如何使用修辞手法
语言输入——素材累计，为续写奠基
在续写中若能适当运用比喻、拟人、夸张、排比等修辞手法进行细节描写，就能加强文章的表现力和感染力。在平时学习中，掌握和积累修辞手法并学会灵活运用是提高读后续写的关键。
高中阶段常用的英语修辞手法有：明喻、暗喻、拟人、夸张、排比、对比、反复等。
一、明喻(Simile)
明喻常用like, as, as…as, as if, as though, seem或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。基本格式是：本体＋比喻词＋喻体。例如：The USA is like a big melting pot where immigrants of different cultures or races form an integrated society. The USA是本体，喻体是melting pot, 比喻词是like, 喻体和本体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。
(1)Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice. 我们的腿又重又冷，感觉像是冰块。
(2)The lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful. 湖水在落日的阳光下像玻璃一样闪耀，看起来棒极了。
(3)Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. 砖块像红色的秋叶一样覆盖着地面。
(4)Look at him！ He eats like a wolf. 看看他！他吃得像头狼。
(5)The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. 这个国家，覆盖着樱花，看起来好像被粉红色的雪覆盖着。
二、暗喻(Metaphor)
暗喻也叫隐喻，根据两个事物间的某些共同特征，将某一事物的名称用于另一事物。暗喻一般是本体、喻体都出现，但找不出像like, as, as if, as though 之类的喻词，通常有be, become等词。
Shenzhen is a melting pot where new ideas are mixed. (暗喻)
Shenzhen is like a melting pot where new ideas are mixed. (明喻)
(1)Sometimes the river becomes a waterfall and enters wide valleys. 有时河流变成瀑布，进入宽阔的山谷。
(2)Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles 你见过雪人骑自行车吗？
(3)At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds. 有时候，我们发现置身高处，仿佛骑车穿越云层。
(4)Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. 坚硬的岩石山丘变成了泥泞的河流。
(5)The best mirror is an old friend. 老朋友是最好的一面镜子。
三、夸张(Hyperbole)
夸张是为了达到某种表达效果的需要，对事物的形象、特征、作用、程度等方面着意夸大或缩小的修辞方式。它可以加强语势， 增加表达效果。但夸张并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。
(1)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. 仿佛世界末日即将来临！
(2)Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. 幸存者目及之处一片废墟。
(3)I almost laughed my head off. 我都快笑死了。
(4)My heart broke in about a million pieces. 我的心碎了大约一百万块。
(5)I was scared to death of her. 我怕她怕得要死。
四、拟人(Personification)
拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写，赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化，使语言生动、形象、更有感染力。
(1)The Night the Earth Didn't Sleep. 地球的不眠之夜。
(2)Slowly, the city began to breathe again. 慢慢地， 这座城市又开始恢复了生机。
(3)The breeze gently kissed her cheeks. 微风轻柔地亲吻着她的脸庞。
(4)Stars winked at me in a darkening sky. 夜空中星星向我眨眼睛。
(5)Immediately, an absolute darkness ruled the forest. 顷刻间，黑暗统治了森林。
五、排比(Parallelism)
排比也叫平行， 是把结构相同或相似、意思密切相关、语气一致的词语或句子成串地排列的一种修辞方法，利用意义相关或相近，结构相同或相似和语气相同的词组或句子并排(三句或三句以上)，段落并排(两段即可), 达到一种加强语势的效果。
(1)In a world filled with hate, we must still dare to hope. In a world filled with anger, we must still dare to comfort. In a world filled with despair, we must dare to dream. And in a world filled with distrust, we must still dare to believe. —Michael Jackson 即使世界充满仇恨，我们也要勇于憧憬；即使世界充满愤怒，我们也要敢于安慰；即使世界充满绝望，我们也要勇于梦想；即使世界充满猜疑，我们依然勇于信任。——迈克尔·杰克逊
(2)It was the best of times, and it was the worst of times. It was the age of wisdom, and it was the age of foolishness. It was the epoch of belief, and it was the epoch of incredulity. —A Tale of Two Cities这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代。这是智慧的年代， 这是愚昧的年代。这是信仰的时期，也是怀疑的时期。——《双城记》
(3)Ability is what you're capable of doing. Motivation determines what you do. Attitude determines how well you do it. 能力决定了你能做什么，动机决定了你要做什么，而态度决定了你会做成什么样。
(4)Mother was very busy gathering the laundry, dusting the furniture and washing the dishes. 母亲正忙着收拾要洗的衣服，掸去家具上的灰尘，洗碗。
(5)Whether in class, at work, or at home, James was always busy. 无论是在课堂上， 在工作中， 还是在家里，詹姆斯总是很忙。
六、对比(Antithesis)
对比是把对立的意思或事物、或把事物的两个方面放在一起作比较，让读者在比较中分清好坏、辨别是非。运用这种手法，有利于充分显示事物的矛盾，突出被表现事物的本质特征，加强文章的艺术效果和感染力。
(1)Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Rome more. —Julius Caesar不是我不爱凯撒，而是我更爱罗马。——《凯撒大帝》
(2)We have found ourselves rich in goods, but ragged in spirit; reaching with magnificent precision for the moon, but falling into raucous discord on earth. —Charles Dickens 我们物质丰富，却精神贫乏，我们无比精确地登上了月球，却陷入了地球上的矛盾与纠纷。——查尔斯·狄更斯
(3)The world will little note, nor remember what we said here, but it can never forget what we did there. —Abraham Lincoln 世界不会注意，也不会记得我们在这里所说的话，但世界永远不会忘记我们在那里做了什么。——亚伯拉罕·林肯
(4)Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不烦。
(5)You are staying; I am going. 你留，我走。
七、反复(Repetition)
反复是根据表达需要，有意让词语或句子重复出现的修辞方法。反复就是为了强调某种意思，突出某种情感，特意重复使用某个单词、某个短语、某个句型等。
反复和排比两种修辞手法都含有相同的词语，形式上相似，容易混淆，两者的区别关键在于其表达的侧重点不同。反复是为了强调某个意思或突出某种情感而重复使用某些词语或句子，所要表达的侧重点在于重复的词语或句子上，相同的词语出现两次即可；而排比则是把结构相同或相似、内容相关、语气一致的三个或三个以上的短语或句子排列起来使用，侧重点不在相同的词语上。
(1)Free at last, free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last. —Martin Luther King 终于自由了，终于自由了，感谢万能的上帝，我们终于自由了。——马丁·路德·金
(2)The ice was here, the ice was there, the ice was all around. —Samuel T. Coleridge 这儿是冰雪，那儿是冰雪，到处都是冰雪茫茫。——塞缪尔·T·柯勒律治
(3)It's their wealth and security that makes everything possible; makes your art possible; makes literature, science, even religion possible. —The Man of Property 是他们的财富和保护使得一切成为可能，使得你的艺术成为可能，使得文学、科学，甚至宗教成为可能。——《有产业的人》
(4)To morrow, and to morrow, and to morrow. Creeps in the petty pace from day to day. To the last syllable of recorded time. —To morrow, and To morrow, and To morrow 明天，又一个明天，又一个明天。每天在琐碎的步伐中爬行。直到记录时间的最后一个音节。——《明天， 又一个明天》
(5)Across the window pane it pours and pours. 雨水从窗玻璃上倾泻而下。
语言输出——层级训练，让续写添彩
Ⅰ.基础练习——翻译下列句子，判断运用了那些修辞手法。
1. My blood froze.
____________________________________________________________
2. Nothing seek, nothing find.
____________________________________________________________
3. The stars danced playfully in the moonlit sky.
____________________________________________________________4. Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.
____________________________________________________________
我的血液都凝固了。夸张
无所追求则无所收获。反复
星星在月色皎洁的天空中欢快地跳舞。拟人
笑容是人们脸上的太阳，能给人带来温暖。暗喻
5. He cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.
____________________________________________________________6. A pessimist is one who makes difficulties of his opportunities; an optimist is one who makes opportunities of his difficulties.
____________________________________________________________7. Don't make promise when you are in joy. Don't reply when you are sad. Don't take decision when you are angry. Think twice and act wise.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
然后， 他切断了鞋的皮革顶部，仿佛它是最好的牛排。明喻
悲观的人把机会变成困难， 乐观的人将困难化为机会。对比
别在喜悦的时候许下承诺；别悲伤的时候做出回答；别在愤怒
的时候做出决定。三思而行，做出睿智的行为。排比
8. Long ago Dr. Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
很久以前，袁博士曾梦想过像高粱一样高的水稻植物。每株稻
谷的穗像玉米的穗一样大；每粒稻谷像一粒花生一样大。明喻
Ⅱ.综合演练——完成读后续写，注意开头。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My mom only had one eye. I hated her. She was such a embarrassment.
She ran a small shop at a flea market and collected old clothes and some other things to sell for the money we needed. Once during elementary school, it was field day, and my mom came. I was so embarrassed and wondered how could she do this to me I threw her a hateful look and ran out. The next day at school, my schoolmates asked me, “Your mom only has one eye？” and laughed at me.
I was so angry with my mom and wished that she would just disappear from this world. So I said to my mom. “Why don't you have the other eye You're only gonna make me a joke！” My mom trembled with shock, and said in an apologetic tone, “I'm so sorry that I only have one eye, and I was an embarrassment for you. But I was so proud of my son to see a whole new world for me with that eye. I will leave right now. Sorry！” My mom turned around and staggered away.
For the words I had said to her earlier, there was something biting at me in the corner of my heart. Even so, I hated my one eyed mom and our desperate poverty. Maybe because my mom hadn't punished me, I didn't think I had hurt her feelings very badly.
I told myself that I would become successful in the near future, so I studied very hard. Later I got accepted by a famous university. I left my mom and came to another city to study. I never went back to visit my mom.
Then I got married there. I bought a house of my own. Then I had kids, too. Now I am living happily as a successful man. I enjoy the life in that city because it's a place that doesn't remind me of my mom and my past. This kind of happiness was getting bigger and bigger, until one day someone knocked at my door.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
It was my mom! And still with her one eye! _____________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
Holding the letter, I cried for the person who only lived for me._______
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
One possible version：
It was my mom! And still with her one eye! Reminded instantly of my dark past and embarrassment, I felt as if the whole sky was falling apart on me. Overwhelmed with rage, I growled at her, “Who are you How dare you come to my house！” My mom narrowed her eye and opened her mouth but nothing came out there. Dead silence! Tears streaming down the gloomy winkled face, she thrust a letter into my hand, turned around and staggered away, head deep down. Heart stung by her withered back, I just cast a glance at the letter. My mom gave that eye to me! My world shattered.
Holding the letter, I cried for the person who only lined for me. How she wanted her own son to see the world clearly! But how deeply I had hurt her! Heart knotted with deep regret, I cried out, “Mom！” I ran after my mom, grabbed her and knelt down. “Mom, would you forgive me and accept me again？” Tears dried and a smile stole into her cheeks. It's never too old fashioned to say mom's love is the greatest in the world.
