2022届高考英语二轮复习：句子成份导学案（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：句子成份导学案（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 26.1KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-01-02 09:55:34 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
2022届高考英语二轮复习：句子成份导学案
句子成分2同位语，宾语，宾补，定语，状语
★同位语的定义：同位语多数出现阅读中,用于介绍人，机构等等，在阅读过程中可以跳过
Practice 1：即时练习(请划出下列各句中的同位语)
（2020全国卷II-B) Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children develop better...
（2020全国卷II-D) ..., explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
（2016年浙江卷）我是李华，来自中国的一名交流生。
__________________________________________________________________________________
（2021年全国I卷）我是李华，是Youth报纸的忠实读者。
__________________________________________________________________________________
★宾语的定义：充当动作的承爱者。位置：常在及物动词、介词或个别形容词后，作主语的词或短语一般都能充当宾语。（动宾、介宾）
Practice 1：即时练习(请划出下列各句中的宾语)
(2016年全国I卷)I have already finished my job application and personal resume.
You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
(2015年陕西卷)I really want to obtain this precious opportunity.
(2020年浙江卷)I hope that my good news will sweep away the shadow of disease.
I avoid smoking at home.
(2012山东卷）I also find it useful to keep English diaries.
【温馨提示】几种宾语小结：（1）放在及物动词后的宾语叫动宾。（2）放在介词后的宾语叫介宾。
（3）形式宾语和真正宾语：当不定式、动名词、从句作宾语时，放在句尾，用it作形式宾语。
（4）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：有些及物动词，如：give, show, pass, tell, send, bring, elect, 等可有两个宾语，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语，简称“双宾语”。口诀：贱（间）人植（直）物
Practice 2：即时练习(请指出下列句子的“双宾语” )
My father bought me a new dictionary yesterday.
(2020全国III书面表达)I am writing to invite you to offer us some guidance.
I sent Li Ping a message last week.
Jack gave Tom an English magazine just now.
★宾补（宾语补主语，补充说明宾语的状态或者身份）（难点）
宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，放在宾语之后，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
Practice 1：即时练习(请指出下列句子的宾补 )
They painted their boat white.
They elect him president.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
I have my bike repaired.
She saw some children reading newspapers in the reading-room.
He asked her to take the boy out of school.
Practice 2：(重点)宾补的进化版：(6123)(重点句型）
think/feel/make/find/believe/consider+it+adj/n+to do/doing/that...
6=6个动词 think/feel/make/consider/believe/consider
3=真正的宾语可以有3种形式to do/doing/that从句
2=宾补可以是名词或者形容词
1=形式宾语只有一种:it
以下是历年高考写作句子：(完成句子）
(2012山东卷）我也发现写英文日记很有用。
I also ______ _____ ______________ _____________ keep English diaries.
(2012汕头一模）From then on, I ________ ______ __________ ________ ______help others(我觉得帮助别人是一种乐趣)and I am proud to say I have grown to be a person who can take on responsibilities both at home and at school.
Therefore,I _______ _______ _______ _______ _________ _________ （认为他们有必要）keep away from computer games.
This non-stop communication has________ _______ ________ ________ ________ _______ ________ （使父母与子女更容易） understand each other.
(2009北京卷)We_________ _______ ________ _______________ __________（感觉是我们的责任）protect and beautify our environment.
★定语的定义：修饰名词或代词的成分。位置：前置定语(放在被修饰的词之前)和后置定语(放在被修饰的词之后)。介词短语、分词短语、或不定式短语作定语一定后置。翻译成:“....的”、
Practice 1：即时练习(请指出划线部分的定语是什么充当 )
Guilin is a beautiful city. 桂林是一座美丽的城市。
China is a developing country while Japan is a developed country
There are thirty women teachers in our school. 我们学校有三十个女教师
His progress in English made us happy. 他在英语方面的进步使我们感到高兴
Miss Deng is a teacher who lives next to our school
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.下学期的教学计划已经制定
He is reading an article about how to learn English. 他正在看一篇关于如何学英语的文章。
★状语的定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。位置：灵活多变，但以在后为主。按其用途可分为：时间、地点、原因、结果、程度 、频率、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式或伴随等。
Practice 1：即时练习(判断划线部分充当何种状语 )
I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。
Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. v
We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。
Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.尽管她有很多钱，但是她不开心。
If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.如果你不努力工作，你就会落后其他人。
Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的手表和我的不一样。
We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather.由于天气不好，我们不去公园。
He left early, so that he caught the train. 他很早就离开了，(结果) 因此赶上了火车。
The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 医生急匆匆地走了，胳膊下夹着一个药箱。
句子成分2同位语，宾语，宾补，定语，状语
答案
★同位语的定义：
Practice 1：即时练习(请划出下列各句中的同位语)
（2020全国卷II-B) Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children develop better...
（2020全国卷II-D) ..., explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
I am Li Hua, an exchange student from China.
I am Li Hua,a regular reader of YOUTH.
★宾语的定义：
Practice 1：即时练习(请划出下列各句中的宾语)
I have already finished my job application and personal resume.（动宾）
You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. （介宾）
I really want to obtain this precious opportunity.（不定式做want宾语，this precious opportunity 做obtain 的宾语）
I hope that my good news will sweep away the shadow of disease.（句子做宾语）
I avoid smoking at home.(doing 做宾语）
(2012山东卷）I also find it useful to keep English diaries.（it形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式）
Practice 2：即时练习(请指出下列句子的“双宾语” )
My father bought me a new dictionary yesterday.
(2020全国III书面表达I am writing to invite you to offer us some guidance.
I sent Li Ping a message last week.
Jack gave Tom an English magazine just now.
★宾补Practice 1：即时练习(请指出下列句子的宾补 )
They painted their boat white. （形容词做宾补）
They elect him president. （名词做宾补）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语做宾补）
I have my bike repaired. （done做宾补）
She saw some children reading newspapers in the reading-room.（非谓语doing 做宾补）
He asked her to take the boy out of school.（非谓语to do 做宾补）
Practice 2：完成句子
(2012山东卷）I also find it useful to keep English diaries.
(2012汕头一模）From then on, I find it a pleasure to help others and I am proud to say I have grown to be a person who can take on responsibilities both at home and at school.
Therefore,I think it necessary for them to keep away from computer games.
This non-stop communication has made it easier for parents and children to understand each other.
(2009北京卷)We feel it our responsibility to protect and beautify our environment.
★定语的定义：
Practice 1：即时练习(请指出划线的定语是什么成分充当 )
Guilin is a beautiful city. 桂林是一座美丽的城市。（形容词作定语）
China is a developing country while Japan is a developed country.(分词作定语)
There are thirty women teachers in our school. 我们学校有三十个女教师。（名词作定语）
His progress in English made us happy. （代词和介词短语作定语）
Miss Deng is a teacher who lives next to our school.(从句作后置定语修饰teacher）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.下学期教学（的）计划已经制定。（动名词作定语)
He is reading an article about how to learn English. 他正在看一篇关于如何学英语的文章。（介词短语作后置定语修饰article）
★状语的定义：
Practice 1：即时练习(判断划线部分充当何种状语 )
I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。（时间状语）
Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。（地点状语）
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. （不定式做目的状语）
We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。（方式状语）“通过...方式）
Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.（让步状语）
If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.（条件状语）
Your watch is not the same as mine. （比较状语）
We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather.（原因状语）
He left early, so that he caught the train. 他很早就离开了，(结果) 因此赶上了火车。（结果状语）
The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. （伴随状语）
句子成分2同位语，宾语，宾补，定语，状语
★同位语的定义：同位语多数出现阅读中,用于介绍人，机构等等，在阅读过程中可以跳过
Practice 1：即时练习(请划出下列各句中的同位语)
（2020全国卷II-B) Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children develop better...
（2020全国卷II-D) ..., explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
（2016年浙江卷）我是李华，来自中国的一名交流生。
__________________________________________________________________________________
（2021年全国I卷）我是李华，是Youth报纸的忠实读者。
__________________________________________________________________________________
★宾语的定义：充当动作的承爱者。位置：常在及物动词、介词或个别形容词后，作主语的词或短语一般都能充当宾语。（动宾、介宾）
Practice 1：即时练习(请划出下列各句中的宾语)
(2016年全国I卷)I have already finished my job application and personal resume.
You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
(2015年陕西卷)I really want to obtain this precious opportunity.
(2020年浙江卷)I hope that my good news will sweep away the shadow of disease.
I avoid smoking at home.
(2012山东卷）I also find it useful to keep English diaries.
【温馨提示】几种宾语小结：（1）放在及物动词后的宾语叫动宾。（2）放在介词后的宾语叫介宾。
（3）形式宾语和真正宾语：当不定式、动名词、从句作宾语时，放在句尾，用it作形式宾语。
（4）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：有些及物动词，如：give, show, pass, tell, send, bring, elect, 等可有两个宾语，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语，简称“双宾语”。口诀：贱（间）人植（直）物
Practice 2：即时练习(请指出下列句子的“双宾语” )
My father bought me a new dictionary yesterday.
(2020全国III书面表达)I am writing to invite you to offer us some guidance.
I sent Li Ping a message last week.
Jack gave Tom an English magazine just now.
★宾补（宾语补主语，补充说明宾语的状态或者身份）（难点）
宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，放在宾语之后，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。
Practice 1：即时练习(请指出下列句子的宾补 )
They painted their boat white.
They elect him president.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
I have my bike repaired.
She saw some children reading newspapers in the reading-room.
He asked her to take the boy out of school.
Practice 2：(重点)宾补的进化版：(6123)(重点句型）
think/feel/make/find/believe/consider+it+adj/n+to do/doing/that...
6=6个动词 think/feel/make/consider/believe/consider
3=真正的宾语可以有3种形式to do/doing/that从句
2=宾补可以是名词或者形容词
1=形式宾语只有一种:it
以下是历年高考写作句子：(完成句子）
(2012山东卷）我也发现写英文日记很有用。
I also ______ _____ ______________ _____________ keep English diaries.
(2012汕头一模）From then on, I ________ ______ __________ ________ ______help others(我觉得帮助别人是一种乐趣)and I am proud to say I have grown to be a person who can take on responsibilities both at home and at school.
Therefore,I _______ _______ _______ _______ _________ _________ （认为他们有必要）keep away from computer games.
This non-stop communication has________ _______ ________ ________ ________ _______ ________ （使父母与子女更容易） understand each other.
(2009北京卷)We_________ _______ ________ _______________ __________（感觉是我们的责任）protect and beautify our environment.
★定语的定义：修饰名词或代词的成分。位置：前置定语(放在被修饰的词之前)和后置定语(放在被修饰的词之后)。介词短语、分词短语、或不定式短语作定语一定后置。翻译成:“....的”、
Practice 1：即时练习(请指出划线部分的定语是什么充当 )
Guilin is a beautiful city. 桂林是一座美丽的城市。
China is a developing country while Japan is a developed country
There are thirty women teachers in our school. 我们学校有三十个女教师
His progress in English made us happy. 他在英语方面的进步使我们感到高兴
Miss Deng is a teacher who lives next to our school
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.下学期的教学计划已经制定
He is reading an article about how to learn English. 他正在看一篇关于如何学英语的文章。
★状语的定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。位置：灵活多变，但以在后为主。按其用途可分为：时间、地点、原因、结果、程度 、频率、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式或伴随等。
Practice 1：即时练习(判断划线部分充当何种状语 )
I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。
Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. v
We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。
Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.尽管她有很多钱，但是她不开心。
If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.如果你不努力工作，你就会落后其他人。
Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的手表和我的不一样。
We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather.由于天气不好，我们不去公园。
He left early, so that he caught the train. 他很早就离开了，(结果) 因此赶上了火车。
The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 医生急匆匆地走了，胳膊下夹着一个药箱。
句子成分2同位语，宾语，宾补，定语，状语
答案
★同位语的定义：
Practice 1：即时练习(请划出下列各句中的同位语)
（2020全国卷II-B) Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children develop better...
（2020全国卷II-D) ..., explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
I am Li Hua, an exchange student from China.
I am Li Hua,a regular reader of YOUTH.
★宾语的定义：
Practice 1：即时练习(请划出下列各句中的宾语)
I have already finished my job application and personal resume.（动宾）
You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. （介宾）
I really want to obtain this precious opportunity.（不定式做want宾语，this precious opportunity 做obtain 的宾语）
I hope that my good news will sweep away the shadow of disease.（句子做宾语）
I avoid smoking at home.(doing 做宾语）
(2012山东卷）I also find it useful to keep English diaries.（it形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式）
Practice 2：即时练习(请指出下列句子的“双宾语” )
My father bought me a new dictionary yesterday.
(2020全国III书面表达I am writing to invite you to offer us some guidance.
I sent Li Ping a message last week.
Jack gave Tom an English magazine just now.
★宾补Practice 1：即时练习(请指出下列句子的宾补 )
They painted their boat white. （形容词做宾补）
They elect him president. （名词做宾补）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语做宾补）
I have my bike repaired. （done做宾补）
She saw some children reading newspapers in the reading-room.（非谓语doing 做宾补）
He asked her to take the boy out of school.（非谓语to do 做宾补）
Practice 2：完成句子
(2012山东卷）I also find it useful to keep English diaries.
(2012汕头一模）From then on, I find it a pleasure to help others and I am proud to say I have grown to be a person who can take on responsibilities both at home and at school.
Therefore,I think it necessary for them to keep away from computer games.
This non-stop communication has made it easier for parents and children to understand each other.
(2009北京卷)We feel it our responsibility to protect and beautify our environment.
★定语的定义：
Practice 1：即时练习(请指出划线的定语是什么成分充当 )
Guilin is a beautiful city. 桂林是一座美丽的城市。（形容词作定语）
China is a developing country while Japan is a developed country.(分词作定语)
There are thirty women teachers in our school. 我们学校有三十个女教师。（名词作定语）
His progress in English made us happy. （代词和介词短语作定语）
Miss Deng is a teacher who lives next to our school.(从句作后置定语修饰teacher）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.下学期教学（的）计划已经制定。（动名词作定语)
He is reading an article about how to learn English. 他正在看一篇关于如何学英语的文章。（介词短语作后置定语修饰article）
★状语的定义：
Practice 1：即时练习(判断划线部分充当何种状语 )
I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。（时间状语）
Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。（地点状语）
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. （不定式做目的状语）
We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。（方式状语）“通过...方式）
Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.（让步状语）
If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.（条件状语）
Your watch is not the same as mine. （比较状语）
We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather.（原因状语）
He left early, so that he caught the train. 他很早就离开了，(结果) 因此赶上了火车。（结果状语）
The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. （伴随状语）