2022届高考英语二轮复习：非谓语动词 导学案（含答案）
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2022届高考英语二轮复习：非谓语动词 导学案
非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词常见形式：to do、v-ing和done。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：
不定式to do
①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）
②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）
③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）
一、举例子
1. The teacher told us __________(do) morning exercises . 老师让我们做早操。(做补语)
2. The car____________(buy) is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。(做定语）
3. She pretended ___________(read) when the teacher came into the classroom.（做宾语）
老师进来时，她假装正在读书。
二、不定式在高考中的考点
1. （2020全国I卷） Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang’e-4 ___66___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2. (2016全国卷 III)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 _____________(create) special designs.
3. (2015全国卷 II)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66_______ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.
4. (2019全国卷 I)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 _______ (perform) consistently over a large area.
5. （2020全国III 卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67.________ (find) the well-known painter.
6. (2021年全国甲卷）Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70_________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
7. (2018全国卷 III)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 _ ___ (stay) and watch.
8. (2021年全国乙卷） It is possible 43 __________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
9. (2019全国卷 II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 _______ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
10. Our country has become the first country in the world________(land) a spaceship on the far side of the moon successfully.
总结：
以上的考点是考非谓语中的____________，常考点如下
1、________________________________________，如1-2题（10年考查4次）
2、________________________________________，如3-4
3、_________________________________________，如5-7
4、_________________________________________，如8
5、_________________________________________，如9
6、_________________________________________，如10
注意：只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词
afford、agree、choose、 ask、decide、demand、determine、expect、 fail（未能做到）、help、hope、learn、manage、 dare、offer(提出)、plan、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse、want、wish、would like、afford、arrange（划线的为重点的词）
为了方便记忆,现编口诀如下供参考：提出 计划 遭拒绝,期待 敢于 来帮助; 学会 选择 和决定,想要 准备 未做到；答应 要求 莫假装,决心
设法 付得起; 同意 答应 有希望；（破釜沉舟要自强）
二、v-ing
①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）
一、举例子
1. ___________(travel) in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.（做主语）
在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
2. Freddy and his band could go nowhere without ___________(follow) by their fans.
Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。（做介词宾语）
3. He sat there，____________(read) a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。（伴随状语）
4. The area___________(study) may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
二、doing在高考中的考点
1. (2021年全国乙卷）After 44 _________(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and...
2. (2021年全国甲卷）Minimize the impact of 67___________(visit) the place.
3. (2019全国卷 I)Scientists have responded by 67_______ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
4. (2017全国卷 II)This included digging up the road, 63 _______ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
5. (2016全国卷 I)My ambassadorial duties will include 67 _______ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
6. (2017全国卷 II)But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61_______ (rest).
7. （2020全国III 卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69._________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
8. (2019全国卷 III)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70_______ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
9. (2015全国卷 I)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick gateways here for people 70 ____ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
10. (2018全国卷 II)China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 _______ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
总结：
以上的考点是考非谓语中的____________,常考点如下
1、________________________________________,如1-3题
2、________________________________________,如4-6题
3、_________________________________________,如7-9
4、_________________________________________,如10
注意：（1）只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off推迟、risk冒险、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid避免、delay推迟、deny否认、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit
（2）在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略)：prevent /stop /keep… from doing (阻止……做……)；spend /waste time or money in doing (在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；How /What about doing sth(做……怎么样？)；have some difficulty/trouble in doing (在做……方面有些困难)；have a hard time in doing sth(做某事很艰难); there is no sense/good in doing(做……是没有理由/道理的)；thank /excuse /admire /praise /blame /scold /punish sb for doing sth(因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人)等。
（3） to是介词的固定词组很多，常见的有：look forward to(盼望), devote…to /be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to(习惯), lead to(导致), get down to(开始认真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(谈到), point to(指向), turn to(转向), object to(反对), equal to(等于，能胜任), belong to(属于)等。
三、 过去分词：done
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。
一、举例子
1. ________(give) more time, I can do my work better. (作状语）
如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。
2. I found my watch__________(stole).（做宾补）我发现我的手表被偷了。
二、done在高考中的考点
1. （2021全国甲卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61__________ (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and...
2. （2021全国I卷）But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60__________ (astonish).
3. （2020全国II 卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 _______ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
4. (2015全国I卷) A study of travelers 68 __________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
5. (2015全国卷 II)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 _______(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
总结：以上的考点是考非谓语中的done的考点，解题方法如下：
1、根据中文意思找非谓语的逻辑主语（通常是前面的名词或者是句子的主语）
2、判断逻辑主语与非谓语是否表示被动
非谓语动词在语法填空中的解题方法：当括号内所给词为动词时，首先要看句中是否已有谓语，如果有了，空格前又没有并列连词，那就是非谓语动词，这时，就要考虑用哪种形式
（1）是否作介词的宾语 （2）是否是固定搭配，或者固定句式
（3）是否是不定式作目的状语 （4）以上都不是的话，就找逻辑主语，判断主动还是被动
四、作文应用
一、非谓语动词与读后续写
非谓语动词在写作中什么时候用？（当一个句子有2个动词时，2个动作主语都是同一个人，可以考虑一个动词做谓语：句子中重点意思的动词做谓语，另外一个动词做非谓语）
1、我知道你对艺术展有兴趣，所以我写这封信邀请你参加。
同一主语“我”，2个动作“知道”+“写”，
Knowing that you are interested in the art show, I am writing this letter to invite you to join us.
2、她站在那里，(她)想知道发生什么事情了？
______________________________________________________________________________
3、（2021年全国I卷读后续写)(妈妈)看到他们做的早餐，妈妈笑了。
______________________________________________________________________________
4、（2017年浙江卷)Jane想到她可能让Peter失望了，她情不自禁啜泣。（sob)
______________________________________________________________________________
总结：以上的句式通常可以用在“某人想到/听到/看到/意识到什么，某人会怎样？”常用于读后续写
thinking that/hearing that/seeing/realizing that, sb did.....
2、She stood there, wondering what happened.
3、Seeing the breakfast made by them, Mum smiled.
4、Thinking that Jane would let Peter down, she couldn’t help sobbing.
二、非谓语动词做状语与状语从句的互换
When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.（时间状语从句）
=Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.
在含有状语从句的主从复句中，可将状从转化为分词的形式，具体步骤如下：
步骤一：去掉连词，有时候连词也可以保留
步骤二：看主语。若从句主语与主句一致，可去掉从句主语；若从句主语与主句不一致， 则保留从句主语（独立主格）。
步骤三：变动词。有 be 动词去掉 be 动词；没 be 动词，看从句中的动词与主语之间的关系，主动进行-ing，被动完成-ed。
1、 While he was having breakfast,he went through the papers.（改为非谓语）
_____________________________________________________________________
2、If you work hard, you’ll succeed. （改为非谓语）
_____________________________________________________________________
3、Although he lacked money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone. （改为非谓语）
_____________________________________________________________________
4、Given more time, I can finish the work. （改为条件状语从句）
_____________________________________________________________________
5、When asked why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing. （改为时间状语从句）
_____________________________________________________________________
五、其它疑难点
一、with的复合结构（with+n/代词+to do, doing, done, adj, adv，介词短语）
这种结构在句中起形容词或副词的作用，因而可以作定语或状语等。
★with后接副词、形容词或介词短语常表示状态，句中作伴随状语；接过去分词含动宾关系，句中作原因状语；接现在分词含主谓关系，表示动作同时进行，句中作伴随状语，说明情况；接不定式表示动作在谓语动作之后发生，在句中作原因状语。
解题技巧：学会找宾补和宾语之间表主动、被动或将来即可
1、With a lot of work _________(do), I can not go out with my sister.（复合结构表原因）
2、With a lot of work_________(do), I can go home now.（复合结构表原因）
3、All the afternoon he worked with the door_________(lock)（复合结构表伴随）
4、They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights________(burn)（复合结构表伴随）
5、(2021年浙江卷读后续写） 我没有选择，只好保持静止，闭上眼睛。(have no choice but to/ keep still)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
二、几个使役动词和感官动词的考点（make, have, let, hear, see, etc ）
1、 1) Clarlie had her luggage _______(check) an hour before her plane left.
2) I’ll have my radio ____ tomorrow. ( repair )
3）I saw him down by a bicycle just now(knock).
补足语跟宾语间为被动关系，用过去分词
2、4) She had her son the work alone. (do)
5）I saw him at the door yesterday.(knock)
6) I have a lot of work _________ tomorrow. (do)
7) The workers made some machines______ the work for farmers. (do)
补足语跟宾语间为主动关系，用不定式，省to；不是使役动词时，不具有此用法。
3、 8) She had her son the work all night long. (do)
9) I saw him at the door this time yesterday. ( knock)
补足语跟宾语间为主动关系，且表示进行或持续状态，用现在分词
4、 10) We were made the report soon after the meeting. (know)
11) He was seen at the door.(knock)
12) The report was made soon after the meeting. (know)
使役动词或感官动词用于被动语态时，不定式符号to不能省略。
三、既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做） remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做） regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）
try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 计划做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
非谓语动词
答案
一、to do
1、举例子1. to do 2. to be bought 3. to be reading
2、不定式在高考中的考点：
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
2. to create 根据句意可知，这里用不定式表目的，故填 to create。
3. to cool 该句为“be + adj + enough +to do sth” 结构, 故填 to cool。
4. to perform 该句为 “be + 形容词 + to do” 结构，主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系，但需用不定式的主动式作状语。
5. to find 考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
6. to have, aim to do sth
7. to stay allow sb to do sth是固定结构，意为 “允许某人做某事”，因此应填 to stay。
8. to walk, it 为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式
9. to retire 名词 plan 后接不定式作后置定语。
10. to land
总结：
以上的考点是考非谓语中的 to do,常考点如下
1、不定式表目的状语,1-2题（10年考查4次）
2、“be + adj + （enough） +to do sth” 结构,如3-4
3、考查to do 的固定搭配,如5-7
4、it 为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，如8
5、不定式做定语：
（1）不定式放在某些名词后被修饰的词是抽象名词时，用不定式作定后置定语，常见的名词如下：ability/chance/hope/wish/fact/excuse/promise/attempt/way/effort,如9
（2）名词前有序数词、first、last等修饰时，要用动词不定式作后置定语,如10
二、doing
一、举例子答案：1. Travelling 2. being followed 3.reading 4. being studied
二、不定式在高考中的考点：
1. spending,介词后用 spend 的动词 -ing 形式, spend 作宾语。
2. visiting,介词后用 visit 的动词 -ing 形式,visit 作宾语。
3. noting 介词后用 note 的动词 -ing 形式 noting 作宾语。
4. laying 63 (lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 building a strong roof ... 是并列结构，因此用 laying。
5. introducing include后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语，故填 introducing。
6. resting spend+ 一段时间 + doing sth 是固定结构, 故填 resting。
7. surrounding考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
8. listening 主语 we 与 listen 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。
9. living 被修饰的名词与 live 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
10. feeding when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。
以上的考点是考非谓语中的 doing,常考点如下
1、doing(动名词)作介词的宾语,如1-3题（6年高考中考了6次）
2、doing(动名词)作动词的宾语或宾补（固定搭配）,如4-6（记好常考的固定搭配）
3、找非谓语的逻辑主语，判断与非谓语表主动，如7-9
4、连词+doing/done，如10
三、done
1、举例子答案：1.Given 2. Stolen
2、done在高考中的考点
1. educated, 做become 的表语
2. astonished,做leave 的宾补
3. decorated,考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
4. conducted 主语 a study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
5. built 名词 dwellings 与 build 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
四、作文应用
1、非谓语动词与读后续写
2. She stood there, wondering what happened.
3. Seeing the breakfast made by them, Mum smiled.
4. Thinking that Jane would let Peter down, she couldn’t help sobbing.
二、非谓语动词与状语从句
1、(While) having breakfast,he went through the papers.
2、Working hard, you’ll succeed.
3、Lacking money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone.
4、If I am given more time, I can finish the work.
5、When he was asked why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing.
五、其它疑难点
一、with + n + to do/doing/done(with的复合结构)答案：
1.to do 2.done 3.locked 4.burning
5、I had no choice but to keep still with my eyes tightly closed.
二、几个使役动词和感官动词的考点（make, have, let, hear, see, etc ）
1. checked / repaired/ knocked 2 do /knock/ to do/ to do 3 doing / knocking 4.to know /to knock /known
非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词常见形式：to do、v-ing和done。其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下：
不定式to do
①基本形式：to do（表示主动，并且一般表示将来）
②被动式：to be done（表示被动，并且一般表示将来）
③进行式：to be doing （表示主动和进行）
一、举例子
1. The teacher told us __________(do) morning exercises . 老师让我们做早操。(做补语)
2. The car____________(buy) is for his sister.要买的这辆车是给他的姐姐的。(做定语）
3. She pretended ___________(read) when the teacher came into the classroom.（做宾语）
老师进来时，她假装正在读书。
二、不定式在高考中的考点
1. （2020全国I卷） Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang’e-4 ___66___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
2. (2016全国卷 III)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 _____________(create) special designs.
3. (2015全国卷 II)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66_______ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.
4. (2019全国卷 I)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 _______ (perform) consistently over a large area.
5. （2020全国III 卷）The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67.________ (find) the well-known painter.
6. (2021年全国甲卷）Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70_________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
7. (2018全国卷 III)Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 _ ___ (stay) and watch.
8. (2021年全国乙卷） It is possible 43 __________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
9. (2019全国卷 II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 _______ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
10. Our country has become the first country in the world________(land) a spaceship on the far side of the moon successfully.
总结：
以上的考点是考非谓语中的____________，常考点如下
1、________________________________________，如1-2题（10年考查4次）
2、________________________________________，如3-4
3、_________________________________________，如5-7
4、_________________________________________，如8
5、_________________________________________，如9
6、_________________________________________，如10
注意：只接不定式（不能接动名词）作宾语的25个常用动词
afford、agree、choose、 ask、decide、demand、determine、expect、 fail（未能做到）、help、hope、learn、manage、 dare、offer(提出)、plan、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse、want、wish、would like、afford、arrange（划线的为重点的词）
为了方便记忆,现编口诀如下供参考：提出 计划 遭拒绝,期待 敢于 来帮助; 学会 选择 和决定,想要 准备 未做到；答应 要求 莫假装,决心
设法 付得起; 同意 答应 有希望；（破釜沉舟要自强）
二、v-ing
①基本形式：doing （表示主动和进行）②被动式：being done（表示被动和进行）
一、举例子
1. ___________(travel) in space by ordinary people will be common in the future.（做主语）
在未来，普通人在太空旅行将会是普遍的事情。
2. Freddy and his band could go nowhere without ___________(follow) by their fans.
Freddy和他的乐队到哪里都被他们的粉丝跟着。（做介词宾语）
3. He sat there，____________(read) a newspaper.他坐在那里，读着一张报纸。（伴随状语）
4. The area___________(study) may be rich in coal.这个正在被研究的地方可能富含煤。
二、doing在高考中的考点
1. (2021年全国乙卷）After 44 _________(spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and...
2. (2021年全国甲卷）Minimize the impact of 67___________(visit) the place.
3. (2019全国卷 I)Scientists have responded by 67_______ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
4. (2017全国卷 II)This included digging up the road, 63 _______ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
5. (2016全国卷 I)My ambassadorial duties will include 67 _______ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
6. (2017全国卷 II)But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61_______ (rest).
7. （2020全国III 卷）And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69._________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.
8. (2019全国卷 III)On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70_______ (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
9. (2015全国卷 I)Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick gateways here for people 70 ____ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
10. (2018全国卷 II)China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 _______ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
总结：
以上的考点是考非谓语中的____________,常考点如下
1、________________________________________,如1-3题
2、________________________________________,如4-6题
3、_________________________________________,如7-9
4、_________________________________________,如10
注意：（1）只接动名词（不能接不定式）作宾语的28个常用动词
practice、consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off推迟、risk冒险、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid避免、delay推迟、deny否认、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit
（2）在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略)：prevent /stop /keep… from doing (阻止……做……)；spend /waste time or money in doing (在做……方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；How /What about doing sth(做……怎么样？)；have some difficulty/trouble in doing (在做……方面有些困难)；have a hard time in doing sth(做某事很艰难); there is no sense/good in doing(做……是没有理由/道理的)；thank /excuse /admire /praise /blame /scold /punish sb for doing sth(因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人)等。
（3） to是介词的固定词组很多，常见的有：look forward to(盼望), devote…to /be devoted to(致力于), be/get used to(习惯), lead to(导致), get down to(开始认真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(谈到), point to(指向), turn to(转向), object to(反对), equal to(等于，能胜任), belong to(属于)等。
三、 过去分词：done
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成；不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成。
一、举例子
1. ________(give) more time, I can do my work better. (作状语）
如果再被多给些时间，我会把工作做得更好。
2. I found my watch__________(stole).（做宾补）我发现我的手表被偷了。
二、done在高考中的考点
1. （2021全国甲卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61__________ (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and...
2. （2021全国I卷）But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60__________ (astonish).
3. （2020全国II 卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 _______ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
4. (2015全国I卷) A study of travelers 68 __________ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.
5. (2015全国卷 II)The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 _______(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.
总结：以上的考点是考非谓语中的done的考点，解题方法如下：
1、根据中文意思找非谓语的逻辑主语（通常是前面的名词或者是句子的主语）
2、判断逻辑主语与非谓语是否表示被动
非谓语动词在语法填空中的解题方法：当括号内所给词为动词时，首先要看句中是否已有谓语，如果有了，空格前又没有并列连词，那就是非谓语动词，这时，就要考虑用哪种形式
（1）是否作介词的宾语 （2）是否是固定搭配，或者固定句式
（3）是否是不定式作目的状语 （4）以上都不是的话，就找逻辑主语，判断主动还是被动
四、作文应用
一、非谓语动词与读后续写
非谓语动词在写作中什么时候用？（当一个句子有2个动词时，2个动作主语都是同一个人，可以考虑一个动词做谓语：句子中重点意思的动词做谓语，另外一个动词做非谓语）
1、我知道你对艺术展有兴趣，所以我写这封信邀请你参加。
同一主语“我”，2个动作“知道”+“写”，
Knowing that you are interested in the art show, I am writing this letter to invite you to join us.
2、她站在那里，(她)想知道发生什么事情了？
______________________________________________________________________________
3、（2021年全国I卷读后续写)(妈妈)看到他们做的早餐，妈妈笑了。
______________________________________________________________________________
4、（2017年浙江卷)Jane想到她可能让Peter失望了，她情不自禁啜泣。（sob)
______________________________________________________________________________
总结：以上的句式通常可以用在“某人想到/听到/看到/意识到什么，某人会怎样？”常用于读后续写
thinking that/hearing that/seeing/realizing that, sb did.....
2、She stood there, wondering what happened.
3、Seeing the breakfast made by them, Mum smiled.
4、Thinking that Jane would let Peter down, she couldn’t help sobbing.
二、非谓语动词做状语与状语从句的互换
When they heard the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.（时间状语从句）
=Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.
在含有状语从句的主从复句中，可将状从转化为分词的形式，具体步骤如下：
步骤一：去掉连词，有时候连词也可以保留
步骤二：看主语。若从句主语与主句一致，可去掉从句主语；若从句主语与主句不一致， 则保留从句主语（独立主格）。
步骤三：变动词。有 be 动词去掉 be 动词；没 be 动词，看从句中的动词与主语之间的关系，主动进行-ing，被动完成-ed。
1、 While he was having breakfast,he went through the papers.（改为非谓语）
_____________________________________________________________________
2、If you work hard, you’ll succeed. （改为非谓语）
_____________________________________________________________________
3、Although he lacked money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone. （改为非谓语）
_____________________________________________________________________
4、Given more time, I can finish the work. （改为条件状语从句）
_____________________________________________________________________
5、When asked why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing. （改为时间状语从句）
_____________________________________________________________________
五、其它疑难点
一、with的复合结构（with+n/代词+to do, doing, done, adj, adv，介词短语）
这种结构在句中起形容词或副词的作用，因而可以作定语或状语等。
★with后接副词、形容词或介词短语常表示状态，句中作伴随状语；接过去分词含动宾关系，句中作原因状语；接现在分词含主谓关系，表示动作同时进行，句中作伴随状语，说明情况；接不定式表示动作在谓语动作之后发生，在句中作原因状语。
解题技巧：学会找宾补和宾语之间表主动、被动或将来即可
1、With a lot of work _________(do), I can not go out with my sister.（复合结构表原因）
2、With a lot of work_________(do), I can go home now.（复合结构表原因）
3、All the afternoon he worked with the door_________(lock)（复合结构表伴随）
4、They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights________(burn)（复合结构表伴随）
5、(2021年浙江卷读后续写） 我没有选择，只好保持静止，闭上眼睛。(have no choice but to/ keep still)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
二、几个使役动词和感官动词的考点（make, have, let, hear, see, etc ）
1、 1) Clarlie had her luggage _______(check) an hour before her plane left.
2) I’ll have my radio ____ tomorrow. ( repair )
3）I saw him down by a bicycle just now(knock).
补足语跟宾语间为被动关系，用过去分词
2、4) She had her son the work alone. (do)
5）I saw him at the door yesterday.(knock)
6) I have a lot of work _________ tomorrow. (do)
7) The workers made some machines______ the work for farmers. (do)
补足语跟宾语间为主动关系，用不定式，省to；不是使役动词时，不具有此用法。
3、 8) She had her son the work all night long. (do)
9) I saw him at the door this time yesterday. ( knock)
补足语跟宾语间为主动关系，且表示进行或持续状态，用现在分词
4、 10) We were made the report soon after the meeting. (know)
11) He was seen at the door.(knock)
12) The report was made soon after the meeting. (know)
使役动词或感官动词用于被动语态时，不定式符号to不能省略。
三、既可接不定式也可接动名词，但含义完全不同的8个动词
remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（未做） remember doing sth. 记得做过某事（已做）
forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（已做）
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事（未做） regret doing sth. 后悔/抱歉做过某事（已做）
try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 计划做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停下正在做的事情
非谓语动词
答案
一、to do
1、举例子1. to do 2. to be bought 3. to be reading
2、不定式在高考中的考点：
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
2. to create 根据句意可知，这里用不定式表目的，故填 to create。
3. to cool 该句为“be + adj + enough +to do sth” 结构, 故填 to cool。
4. to perform 该句为 “be + 形容词 + to do” 结构，主语 methods 与谓语动词 perform 为被动关系，但需用不定式的主动式作状语。
5. to find 考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天早上，他租了一条船，出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示“出发去做某事”短语为set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的状语。故填to find。
6. to have, aim to do sth
7. to stay allow sb to do sth是固定结构，意为 “允许某人做某事”，因此应填 to stay。
8. to walk, it 为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式
9. to retire 名词 plan 后接不定式作后置定语。
10. to land
总结：
以上的考点是考非谓语中的 to do,常考点如下
1、不定式表目的状语,1-2题（10年考查4次）
2、“be + adj + （enough） +to do sth” 结构,如3-4
3、考查to do 的固定搭配,如5-7
4、it 为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式，如8
5、不定式做定语：
（1）不定式放在某些名词后被修饰的词是抽象名词时，用不定式作定后置定语，常见的名词如下：ability/chance/hope/wish/fact/excuse/promise/attempt/way/effort,如9
（2）名词前有序数词、first、last等修饰时，要用动词不定式作后置定语,如10
二、doing
一、举例子答案：1. Travelling 2. being followed 3.reading 4. being studied
二、不定式在高考中的考点：
1. spending,介词后用 spend 的动词 -ing 形式, spend 作宾语。
2. visiting,介词后用 visit 的动词 -ing 形式,visit 作宾语。
3. noting 介词后用 note 的动词 -ing 形式 noting 作宾语。
4. laying 63 (lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 building a strong roof ... 是并列结构，因此用 laying。
5. introducing include后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语，故填 introducing。
6. resting spend+ 一段时间 + doing sth 是固定结构, 故填 resting。
7. surrounding考查非谓语动词。句意：当他看到雾气从河上升起，山顶上乌云环绕，他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语，surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系，故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。
8. listening 主语 we 与 listen 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作状语。
9. living 被修饰的名词与 live 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作后置定语。
10. feeding when / while + 现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when / while 引导的时间状语从句。
以上的考点是考非谓语中的 doing,常考点如下
1、doing(动名词)作介词的宾语,如1-3题（6年高考中考了6次）
2、doing(动名词)作动词的宾语或宾补（固定搭配）,如4-6（记好常考的固定搭配）
3、找非谓语的逻辑主语，判断与非谓语表主动，如7-9
4、连词+doing/done，如10
三、done
1、举例子答案：1.Given 2. Stolen
2、done在高考中的考点
1. educated, 做become 的表语
2. astonished,做leave 的宾补
3. decorated,考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。
4. conducted 主语 a study 与 conduct 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
5. built 名词 dwellings 与 build 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。
四、作文应用
1、非谓语动词与读后续写
2. She stood there, wondering what happened.
3. Seeing the breakfast made by them, Mum smiled.
4. Thinking that Jane would let Peter down, she couldn’t help sobbing.
二、非谓语动词与状语从句
1、(While) having breakfast,he went through the papers.
2、Working hard, you’ll succeed.
3、Lacking money, he managed to borrow money and bought the phone.
4、If I am given more time, I can finish the work.
5、When he was asked why he walked in without permission, he just stared at us and said nothing.
五、其它疑难点
一、with + n + to do/doing/done(with的复合结构)答案：
1.to do 2.done 3.locked 4.burning
5、I had no choice but to keep still with my eyes tightly closed.
二、几个使役动词和感官动词的考点（make, have, let, hear, see, etc ）
1. checked / repaired/ knocked 2 do /knock/ to do/ to do 3 doing / knocking 4.to know /to knock /known