2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句 导学案（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句 导学案（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 76.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-01-02 09:56:33 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
2022届高考英语二轮复习：定语从句 导学案
一、定语从句的基本定义
1.定语从句：
什么时候用？当想翻译成”.....的”，修饰一个名词的时候，不能用一个形容词或者介词短语翻译，那就用一个句子翻译。这个句子就是定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
4.关系词通常有下列三个作用：
A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
▲定语从句的基本结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
基础知识回顾：
1. The teachers who/that are present at our class are all experienced teachers.
出席我们班的老师都是有经验的老师。
2. The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming.
你想见的那个老师来了。
3. Yao Hui is the boy whose English study is very good in our class.
姚辉是我们班英语学得很好的那个男孩。
4. Our class is a big family which /that consists of 12 girls and 50 boys.
我们班是一个由12个女孩和50个男孩组成的大家庭。
5. This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.
6. He has a book whose cover is very beautiful.
7. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
8. The school where we are studying is very famous.
9. The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.
10. As we all know, our school is 50 years old
11. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
关 系 词 先 行 词 充 当 成 分
关 系 代 词
关 系 副 词
4、定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限定性定语从句 是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开 引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略
非限定性定语从句 是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 引导词：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，不用that,不能省略
1、Toronto is a city (that) I’ve always wanted to visit. 限制性定语从句
2、She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much.非限制性定语从句
3、She failed in the exam, which made her upset.非限制性定语从句
二、定语从句要点分类讲练
1、 that/which用法区别
1）This is the first composition _______he has ever written in English.
2）This is the longest bridge_______ I have ever seen.
3）All _______glitters is not gold.
4）They talked of things and persons _______happened in the school.
5）Who is the man_______came this morning
[归纳](以上练习只是列举小部分，请多读以下内容）
※下列定语从句只能用that 来引导：
1）先行词为形容词最高级所修饰
2）先行词为序数词所修饰
3）先行词既包括人又包括物
4）主句是who或 which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句
5）先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰的定语从句
6）先行词是everything, nothing, something, all, little, much,等不定代词
7）先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时
8）在there be开头的句子中
※不用that的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人{:介词+which（指物），介词+ Whom（指人）}
3.先行词后有插入语时
4.先行词为those, one, he, anyone someone ,everyone,时多用who
2、Whose 既可以指人，又可指物，在定语从句中做定语,表示 “……人的”“……物的”
(1) The room _______ window faces south is mine.窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。
(2) I once lived in a house _____ roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在屋顶倒塌的一个房子里。
▲whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替：可用of which代替，但语序不同，
即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
= The classroom ________________is broken will soon be repaired.
= The classroom __________________ is broken will soon be repaired
(4) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow
=Do you like the book ______________is yellow
=Do you like the book _______________ is yellow
3、介词+关系词（难点）
1）看定语从句中动词、形容词与介词的搭配，形成动词短语或形容词短语
①Trading leather shoes is the business ______ _______ the Greens are devoted.交易皮鞋是格林家族致力的事业。
②He referred me to some reference books ______ ______ I am not very familiar.他让我看一些我不太熟悉的参考书。
2）根据先行词的搭配或句意而定
The colorless gas ______ ______ we can’t live is called oxygen没有了它，我们无法生存的无色气体叫做氧气。
3)部分与整体关系，比较级或最高级，可以用.... of which
①He had a lot of friends, ______ ______ ________ would offer help to him when he was in trouble.他有很多朋友，有些朋友在他有困难的时候会帮助他。
②I have many books, ______ ______ _______ ______ was borrowed by Mary. 我有很多书，其中最好的是玛丽借的。
4、关系代词与关系副词用法区别
This is the factory where he worked last year. （缺状语，work不及物动词）
This is the factory which/that he visited last year.( 缺宾语,visit及物动词）
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时, 不一定填关系副词when, where, why, 只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时, 才会用关系副词, 否则要用关系代词
需注意两点：1.先行词 2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。
关系代词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语 关系副词：做状语
[学以致用]
1）On graduation he asked to be sent to the place ______ he was needed ．
2）I don't believe the reason __________ he gave me.
3）The reason ____ she was ill was _____she ate something ____ had gone bad.
4）Can you tell me the reason ____ you didn’t finish your homework
5）I’ll never forget the days _______ I stayed in the countryside.
6) I’ll never forget the days ________ gave me much happiness.
7) I still remember the day ___________ my brother joined the army.
8) I still remember the days _________we spent together.
5、定语从句的谓语(与先行词一致)
【特别提示】：关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：
1.Those who are against the plan put up your hands.
2.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.
3.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.
1) The boys who ____ (be) from America like China very much.
2) I, who ___ (be) your best friend, can try my best to help you.
3) He is one of the students who _____ (have) been to Beijing.
4) He is the only one of the students who ___(have) been to Beijing.
5) Those who _____ (be) against the plan put up your hands.
6、as\which用法区别
相同点：as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容
不同点：（1） as引导非限制性定语从句常见的搭配，翻译成 “正如”，which 翻译成“这”
as we all know / as is known to all众所周知 as is expected正如所预料的
as the saying goes正如俗语所说 as is said above正如以上所述
as is reported正如报道的那样 as is often the case这是常有的事
（2） 当先行词由such, so, the same 修饰时，定语从句中缺主语，宾语，表语，只能用as.
1)______ is known to all, he is the best student.
2)Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.
7、way做先行词
1) The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2) I don’t like the way ___________ you spoke to your mother.
3) I don’t like the way __________ you thought of .
8、 一些特殊词之后的where
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
1） I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2） The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰position, situation, condition ,occasion, point , part, stage和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
9、对比训练
1、定语从句与并列句
1) a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _______ were black with disease.
b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______were black with disease.
2)a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of ______there is a pair of glasses
b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of ______there is a pair of glasses
2、定语从句与名词性从句
1) a. He did all ______ he could to help me .
b. He did ______ he could to help me .
2) a. All ____ can be done has been done.
b. _______ can be done has been done.
3) a. ___is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun.
b. It is known to us all _____Taiwan belongs to China.
c. _______is known to us all is _____ the earth is smaller than the sun.
4) a. The news ________our volleyball team won the match made us excited.
b. The news __________he told me yesterday is exciting.
5) a. I made a promise ____ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich.
b. The mother made a promise ___________ pleased all her children.
The Attributive Clause1（定语从句1）
答案
一、定语从句的基本定义
关 系 词 先 行 词 充 当 成 分
关 系 代 词 that 人，物 主、宾、
who 人 主、宾
whom 人 宾
which 物 主、宾
whose 人、物 定
as 人、物 主、宾
关 系 副 词 when(=on/in/at…+which) 时间 状
where(=on/in/at/to…+which) 地点 状
why(=for+which) 原因reason 状
二、定语从句要点分类讲练
1. that/which用法区别
1） that 2）that 3）that 4）that 5）that
2. (1) whose (2) whose (3) the door of which, of which the door
(4) the cover of which, of which the cover
3. 介词+关系代词
1）①to which ②with which 2）without which 3）①some of whom ② the best of which
▲在“介词+关系代词” 中, 先行词指人时能用_介词+whom, 先行词指物时能用_介词+which.
4. 关系代词与关系副词用法区别
1）where 2）(that/which) 3）why; that; that 4）why 5）when
6) that/which 7) when 8) (that/which)
5. 定语从句的谓语(与先行词一致)
1) are 2) am 3) have 4) has 5) are
6. as\which用法区别
1) As 2)which
7. way做先行词
1) that/ in which/省略 2) that/ in which/省略
3) that/ which/省略
9、对比训练
1、定语从句与并列句
1) a. them b. which 2) a. whom b. him
2、定语从句与名词性从句
1) a.(that) b. what 2) a. that b. What
3) a.As b. that c. What; that
4) a. that b. (that/which) 5) a. that b. that/which
PAGE
7
一、定语从句的基本定义
1.定语从句：
什么时候用？当想翻译成”.....的”，修饰一个名词的时候，不能用一个形容词或者介词短语翻译，那就用一个句子翻译。这个句子就是定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
4.关系词通常有下列三个作用：
A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
▲定语从句的基本结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 从句
基础知识回顾：
1. The teachers who/that are present at our class are all experienced teachers.
出席我们班的老师都是有经验的老师。
2. The teacher (who/whom/that) you want to see is coming.
你想见的那个老师来了。
3. Yao Hui is the boy whose English study is very good in our class.
姚辉是我们班英语学得很好的那个男孩。
4. Our class is a big family which /that consists of 12 girls and 50 boys.
我们班是一个由12个女孩和50个男孩组成的大家庭。
5. This is the factory (which/that) we visited last year.
6. He has a book whose cover is very beautiful.
7. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
8. The school where we are studying is very famous.
9. The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.
10. As we all know, our school is 50 years old
11. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
关 系 词 先 行 词 充 当 成 分
关 系 代 词
关 系 副 词
4、定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限定性定语从句 是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开 引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略
非限定性定语从句 是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开 引导词：who,whom,whose,which,of which,when,where等，不用that,不能省略
1、Toronto is a city (that) I’ve always wanted to visit. 限制性定语从句
2、She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much.非限制性定语从句
3、She failed in the exam, which made her upset.非限制性定语从句
二、定语从句要点分类讲练
1、 that/which用法区别
1）This is the first composition _______he has ever written in English.
2）This is the longest bridge_______ I have ever seen.
3）All _______glitters is not gold.
4）They talked of things and persons _______happened in the school.
5）Who is the man_______came this morning
[归纳](以上练习只是列举小部分，请多读以下内容）
※下列定语从句只能用that 来引导：
1）先行词为形容词最高级所修饰
2）先行词为序数词所修饰
3）先行词既包括人又包括物
4）主句是who或 which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句
5）先行词为the only, the very, the last, the same所修饰的定语从句
6）先行词是everything, nothing, something, all, little, much,等不定代词
7）先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时
8）在there be开头的句子中
※不用that的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人{:介词+which（指物），介词+ Whom（指人）}
3.先行词后有插入语时
4.先行词为those, one, he, anyone someone ,everyone,时多用who
2、Whose 既可以指人，又可指物，在定语从句中做定语,表示 “……人的”“……物的”
(1) The room _______ window faces south is mine.窗户朝南的那个房间是我的。
(2) I once lived in a house _____ roof has fallen in. 我曾经住在屋顶倒塌的一个房子里。
▲whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替：可用of which代替，但语序不同，
即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
= The classroom ________________is broken will soon be repaired.
= The classroom __________________ is broken will soon be repaired
(4) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow
=Do you like the book ______________is yellow
=Do you like the book _______________ is yellow
3、介词+关系词（难点）
1）看定语从句中动词、形容词与介词的搭配，形成动词短语或形容词短语
①Trading leather shoes is the business ______ _______ the Greens are devoted.交易皮鞋是格林家族致力的事业。
②He referred me to some reference books ______ ______ I am not very familiar.他让我看一些我不太熟悉的参考书。
2）根据先行词的搭配或句意而定
The colorless gas ______ ______ we can’t live is called oxygen没有了它，我们无法生存的无色气体叫做氧气。
3)部分与整体关系，比较级或最高级，可以用.... of which
①He had a lot of friends, ______ ______ ________ would offer help to him when he was in trouble.他有很多朋友，有些朋友在他有困难的时候会帮助他。
②I have many books, ______ ______ _______ ______ was borrowed by Mary. 我有很多书，其中最好的是玛丽借的。
4、关系代词与关系副词用法区别
This is the factory where he worked last year. （缺状语，work不及物动词）
This is the factory which/that he visited last year.( 缺宾语,visit及物动词）
当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的词语时, 不一定填关系副词when, where, why, 只有当这些词在定语从句中作状语时, 才会用关系副词, 否则要用关系代词
需注意两点：1.先行词 2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。
关系代词：做主语、宾语、表语、定语 关系副词：做状语
[学以致用]
1）On graduation he asked to be sent to the place ______ he was needed ．
2）I don't believe the reason __________ he gave me.
3）The reason ____ she was ill was _____she ate something ____ had gone bad.
4）Can you tell me the reason ____ you didn’t finish your homework
5）I’ll never forget the days _______ I stayed in the countryside.
6) I’ll never forget the days ________ gave me much happiness.
7) I still remember the day ___________ my brother joined the army.
8) I still remember the days _________we spent together.
5、定语从句的谓语(与先行词一致)
【特别提示】：关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：
1.Those who are against the plan put up your hands.
2.Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday.
3.Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday.
1) The boys who ____ (be) from America like China very much.
2) I, who ___ (be) your best friend, can try my best to help you.
3) He is one of the students who _____ (have) been to Beijing.
4) He is the only one of the students who ___(have) been to Beijing.
5) Those who _____ (be) against the plan put up your hands.
6、as\which用法区别
相同点：as 与which引导非限制性定语从句都能指代整句内容
不同点：（1） as引导非限制性定语从句常见的搭配，翻译成 “正如”，which 翻译成“这”
as we all know / as is known to all众所周知 as is expected正如所预料的
as the saying goes正如俗语所说 as is said above正如以上所述
as is reported正如报道的那样 as is often the case这是常有的事
（2） 当先行词由such, so, the same 修饰时，定语从句中缺主语，宾语，表语，只能用as.
1)______ is known to all, he is the best student.
2)Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.
7、way做先行词
1) The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2) I don’t like the way ___________ you spoke to your mother.
3) I don’t like the way __________ you thought of .
8、 一些特殊词之后的where
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
1） I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him.
2） The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.
解析：如果定语从句分别修饰position, situation, condition ,occasion, point , part, stage和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
9、对比训练
1、定语从句与并列句
1) a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of _______ were black with disease.
b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______were black with disease.
2)a. The professor is a little man, on the nose of ______there is a pair of glasses
b. The professor is a little man, and on the nose of ______there is a pair of glasses
2、定语从句与名词性从句
1) a. He did all ______ he could to help me .
b. He did ______ he could to help me .
2) a. All ____ can be done has been done.
b. _______ can be done has been done.
3) a. ___is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun.
b. It is known to us all _____Taiwan belongs to China.
c. _______is known to us all is _____ the earth is smaller than the sun.
4) a. The news ________our volleyball team won the match made us excited.
b. The news __________he told me yesterday is exciting.
5) a. I made a promise ____ if anyone set me free, I would make him very rich.
b. The mother made a promise ___________ pleased all her children.
The Attributive Clause1（定语从句1）
答案
一、定语从句的基本定义
关 系 词 先 行 词 充 当 成 分
关 系 代 词 that 人，物 主、宾、
who 人 主、宾
whom 人 宾
which 物 主、宾
whose 人、物 定
as 人、物 主、宾
关 系 副 词 when(=on/in/at…+which) 时间 状
where(=on/in/at/to…+which) 地点 状
why(=for+which) 原因reason 状
二、定语从句要点分类讲练
1. that/which用法区别
1） that 2）that 3）that 4）that 5）that
2. (1) whose (2) whose (3) the door of which, of which the door
(4) the cover of which, of which the cover
3. 介词+关系代词
1）①to which ②with which 2）without which 3）①some of whom ② the best of which
▲在“介词+关系代词” 中, 先行词指人时能用_介词+whom, 先行词指物时能用_介词+which.
4. 关系代词与关系副词用法区别
1）where 2）(that/which) 3）why; that; that 4）why 5）when
6) that/which 7) when 8) (that/which)
5. 定语从句的谓语(与先行词一致)
1) are 2) am 3) have 4) has 5) are
6. as\which用法区别
1) As 2)which
7. way做先行词
1) that/ in which/省略 2) that/ in which/省略
3) that/ which/省略
9、对比训练
1、定语从句与并列句
1) a. them b. which 2) a. whom b. him
2、定语从句与名词性从句
1) a.(that) b. what 2) a. that b. What
3) a.As b. that c. What; that
4) a. that b. (that/which) 5) a. that b. that/which
PAGE
7