2022届高考英语二轮复习:定语从句与高考导学案(含答案)

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名称 2022届高考英语二轮复习:定语从句与高考导学案(含答案)
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定语从句2:定语从句与高考
1、定语从句与高考语法填空
2014-2021年全国卷高考真题(2021年不考定语从句)
1. (2020年全国I卷) China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
2. (2020年全国III卷)In ancient China lived an artist 61.________ paintings were almost lifelike.
3. (2020年新高考全国I卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum_________ opened in 1759.
4. (2020年新高考全国II卷)The Digital World is a set of volumes _________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
5. (2019年全国 II 卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Maccles field, 62 ____________ she opened with her late husband Les.
6. (2019年全国 III 卷)They were well trained by their masters 64 ___________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
7. (2018年全国 I 卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 ___________showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
8. (2018年全国 II 卷)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program 69__________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
9. (2017年全国 I 卷)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70____________ is not good for the health.
10. (2017年全国 III 卷)But Sarah, 64__________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
11. (2016年全国 I 卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65__________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
12. (2016年全国 III 卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 _____________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
13. (2015年全国 I 卷)I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 ___________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
二、定语从句与高考写作
高考中的“介词+which/whom”
(1) (申请信) 参加“以皮影戏”为主题的文化交流会
Our school will select 10 students to attend the Cultural Exchange Meeting, _______ _______ _______ _________/_______ ________(它的主题) is about shadow play.
(2) (2021全国I卷) 喜爱的栏目(Youth 杂志)
Youth涵盖了各种各样的话题,其中我最喜欢 “读者之声”。
Youth covers a wide variety of topics, _______ ________ I like “Readers’ Voice” most.
(3) (2020全国I卷) 我最尊敬的人
爸爸是我最尊敬的人,从他身上我学习到很多。
I respect my father most, _______ ________ I learn a lot.
(4) The Great Wall has been rebuilt over various dynasties, the majority of _______ is from the Ming Dynasty.
(5) I got in touch with Michael, with________ I lost contact for one year.
用非限制性定语从句which增加细节:结果
1、(2017全国I) 写作内容:学习唐诗
在课上,你主要学习唐诗,通过学习唐诗,你可以对中国文化有了更加好的了解。(增加结果)
In the class, you will mainly learn Tang Poetry,____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
2、(申请信)写作内容:招聘50名志愿者为外国游客做导游
我的英语口语很好,这使我能够毫无困难地与外国人交流。(增加结果)
I have a good command of oral English,___________________________________________________
3、(建议信)如何学习中文
你最好阅读和背诵一些中国古典典籍,这有助于你更多地了解伟大的思想和中国传统文化。(增加结果)
You’d better read and recite some Chinese classics, __________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
定语从句与非谓语的后置定语
定语从句简化成非谓语做后置定语步骤:
(1)找出定语从句
(2)去掉定语从句的关系词
(3)根据定语从句中的谓语,决定非谓语
定语从句谓语 变成 非谓语
被动 (be done) 被动 done
主动 主动doing
将来 to do
1. The conference which will be held this afternoon is bound to be a great success.
=The conference _____________this afternoon is bound to be a great success.
2. The drivers who were working in the bus company asked for a pay increase last month.
=The drivers _________ in the bus company asked for a pay increase last month.
3. The money that is collected will be spent on a wildlife project.
=The ________ money will be spent on a wildlife project.
4. The castle, which was burnt down in 1485, was never rebuilt.
=The castle, _______ down in 1485, was never rebuilt.
5. The old man, who is called “father of Chinese missiles”, is coming to give us a report.
=The old man, _________________“father of Chinese missiles”, is coming to give us a report.
6. The books which lie are worth reading.
= The books _______________ under the bed are worth reading.
(背诵资料)在高考作文中,总有一句话“可以适当增加细节”,学生们要学会使用定语从句,介词+关系代词:(增加细节:增加前因后果),以下是一些例句!
增加细节
1. (2017I) 内容:学习唐诗
In the class, you will mainly learn Tang Poetry, which reflects traditional Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese.
In the class, you will mainly learn Tang Poetry, by which you can have a better understanding of Chinese culture. (增加结果)
课前准备
You’d better make full preparations before class and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, which makes it easy for you to go through the class. (增加结果)
2. (邀请信)
The school and students attach great importance to this activity, which will be greatly beneficial to students’ spoken English.
3 .(申请信) 申请为国际青少年书画大会做志愿者(增加结果)
On the other hand, I am fond of painting and calligraphy and especially have a rich knowledge of Chinese painting, which enables me to make a detailed introduction of our splendid culture.
On one hand, I can speak English fluently, which makes it easy for me to communicate with foreigners/ which enables me to communicate with foreigners without difficulty.
4.(建议信)请教学习中文的方法(增加结果)
Secondly, if possible, make more Chinese friends, from whom you will practice more and learn more about Chinese. In addition, you can learn some Chinese songs, which may help you memorize the pronunciation of Chinese characters more easily.
5.(申请信)招聘50名志愿者为外国游客做导游(增加结果)
On the one hand, I have a good command of oral English, which enables me to communicate with foreigners without difficulty.
6.(2017全国I)(求助信:帮忙修改简历)(增加结果)
I am not sure of the proper expressions of some English words , which makes the essay lack naturalness. (“表达不够地道”的意思)
7.(感谢信)感谢外教辅导英语(增加结果)
You encouraged me to talk freely about everything around me in English, which improved my ability to organize some useful sentences in a very short time.
8.(感谢信)感谢工作人员帮忙找回钱包。(叙述经过)(增加结果)
It contained all the money my mother had given and my identity card as well as my passport, without which I would get into great trouble.
9.(道歉信)为不能参加讲座道歉(增加结果)
Due to a sudden illness falling upon/ on me a few days ago, I have been in hospital with a continuous fever so far, which has prevented me from any activity.
10.(告知信)告知“手工艺协会”的相关信息(增加结果)
Members make many handcrafts, such as modeling sculptures in clay, making kites, painting facial make-ups and so on, from which they can not only cultivate their tastes in art but also make like-minded friends.(志同道合的朋友)
11.(演讲稿)关于“好习惯,益终生”的演讲
Besides, it is necessary to keep a healthy diet and take an active part in sports and outdoor activities frequently, which are really helpful to build up my body and enrich my school life.
12.(邀请信) 课前准备
If interested, you’d better make full preparations in advance and have a brief understanding of Chinese calligraphy, which makes it easy for you to go through the lecture.
13.(2021年全国I 卷) 你最喜欢的栏目
(1) Among a wide range parts in the Youth, what I favor most is social life, from which I am allowed to learn every wonderful moment in our daily life.
(2) It offers various interesting English story, which add some spices to my dull life.
(3) Chinese culture is my favorite column where I can experience Chinese extensive and profound cultures.
(4) But the part concerning nature is my favorite one, in which I can fully appreciate the beauty of the nature and refreshed myself in an instant.
(5) There are many columns in Youth, among which science is my favorite one.
(6) Among so many columns, I love the Entertaining Time best, which made me refreshed and happy from the bottom of my heart.
(7) Among all columns, what makes me fascinated most is the English world.
定语从句的其它用法
1. I am glad to receive your e-mail, in which you asked me about your career in China for the future.
2. Ten students will deliver their speeches, each of which is limited within 6 minutes.
3. (2016II) 摄影俱乐部举行国际中学生摄影展
Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show, the theme of which is environment protection.
4. (2017II) 中国剪纸时间、地点
The exhibition, the theme of which is “ beauty of China”, will take place in the school hall from 2-5 on the afternoon of June 21.
5. (申请信) 参加“以皮影戏”为主题的文化交流会
Learning that our school will select 10 students to attend the Cultural Exchange Meeting, the theme of which is about shadow play.
6.(2018II)放映内容
To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development of our beloved school.
7.(2018II)介绍体育馆
Besides, with the stadium built, a wide range of sports activities can be carried out, of which table tennis, football as well as running competitors enjoy great popularity.
8.Delivered by Mr Huang, a famous master who enjoys a good reputation in this field, the lecture is really worthwhile to attend. (邀请信)
9. (申请信)加入篮球队
I’ve participated in many basketball event, including the whole city middle school basketball games held last month, in which our team won the championship.
10.(求助信)
To make the process as easy as possible, please kindly find the attachment of my resume, in which I have made a list of out-of-school activities(课外活动) which I have taken part in along with a transcript(成绩清单) for your reference. (供你参考)
11.(推荐信)推荐中文学校 上课时间
What is more, the course will last a month from July 19th to August 18th, which suits the time your stay in Shanghai.
定语从句2:定语从句与高考
答案
一、2014-2018年全国卷高考真题 语法填空
1、where【63题详解】考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where引导。故填where。
2、whose【61题详解】考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whose。故填whose
3、 which/that which引导非限制性定语从句,解释说明先行词the pet shop,which在从句中作opened的宾语。
4、which/that
5、which
6、who / that此处用who或that引导定语从句修饰先行词masters。
7、 that / which此处用that / which引导定语从句修饰先行词study。
8、that / which 根据语境“… gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers”修饰 “a soil-testing program”,先行词表示物,关系代词作定语从句的主语,用that或者which。
9、which【定语从句连接词】结合上下文,此处意为“可能二者吃的太多,对我们的健康不利”,且 ...is not good for the health缺少主语,因此应填关系代词which,指代上文提到的内容。
10、 who【定语从句连接词】分析句子结构可知,主语为Sarah,谓语部分为wants…。“ 64 has taken part in shows along with top models,”作定语修饰先行词Sarah,且指代先行词的关系代词在从句中作主语,因此填who。
11、when 此处说当时作者作为第一个西方电视记者被允许拍摄一部专题片,报道对在野外险些饿死的大熊猫的救治和看护。考生需要填入一个引导非限制性定语从句的连接副词,先行词是表示时间的短语,故填when
12、 who 空格所修饰部分的中心词为Confucius (孔子),表示人,且被逗号隔开,因此要填引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词who。
13、 which / that (… 64 are pictured by artists…)为定语从句,引导定语从句且表示物的连接词为which / that。
2、定语从句与高考中的写作
高考中的“介词+which/whom”
(1)Our school will select 10 students to attend the Cultural Exchange Meeting, the theme of which/whose theme is about shadow play.
(2)Youth covers a wide variety of topics, among which I like “Readers’ Voice” most.
(3) I respect my father most, from whom I learn a lot.
(4)which (5)whom
用定语从句which增加细节:结果
1、In the class, you will mainly learn Tang Poetry,by which you can have a better understanding of Chinese culture.
2、I have a good command of oral English, which enables me to communicate with foreigners without difficulty.
3、You’d better read and recite some Chinese classics, which helps you learn more about great thoughts and traditional Chinese culture.
定语从句与非谓语的后置定语
1. to be held 2. following 3. working 4. collected
5. burnt 6. called 7. lying