2022届高三英语语法知识复习主语从句-课件(22张ppt)

(共22张PPT)
Grammar
名词性从句
noun clause
主语从句
subject clause
宾语从句
object clause
表语从句
predicative clause
同位语从句
appositive clause
名词性从句——主语从句
1. ________it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
2. The earth became so violent that it was not clear __________ the shape would last or not.
3. _______ is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
4. It was not immediately obvious _____ water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
5. ________ many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
6. So __________ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
What
Whether
What
that
What
Whether
一、认识主语从句
主语
{
His job is important.
What he does is important.
从句
作主语的从句叫主语从句。
名词
主语从句
1 That he will succeed is certain.
2 Whether he will go there is not known.
3 What he said is not true.
4 Where he hid the money is to be found out .
5 Whoever comes is welcome.
6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.
7 When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.
主语从句
: 从句作主语
如果一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语，
那么这个句子就是主语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为3类:
1. 从属连词: that, whether, if
(不作成分, 只起连接作用, that无意, whether/if 是否)
2. 连接代词: what, which, who, whom, whose,
whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
(作成分，起连接作用，有实意)
3. 连接副词: when, where, how, why
(作状语，起连接作用，有实意)
做题方法：
1.如果从句中缺少成分, 选用连接代词, 根据句子所要表达的意思选定其中一个。
2.如果从句中不缺成分，则从从属连词和连接副词里选, 根据句子所要表达的
意思选定其中一个。
二、掌握连接词
1. 从属连词that和whether/if
(1) that在从句中不充当句子成分, 无意义, 只起连接作用,但不可省略。
①That she became a famous author made her parents very happy.
②That China will become more powerful is certain.
(2) whether在从句中不充当句子成分, 意为“是否”, 起连接作用, 不可省略。
①Whether we go there by train or by air makes no difference.
②Whether life exists on other planets is not clear.
练一练：从属连词that, whether, if
1. _______ we are permitted to use the library is not known.
2. _______ we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.
3. _______ the child formed the habit of playing computer games made his mother angry.
4. _______ light travels in straight lines is known to all.
众所周知，光沿直线传播。
Whether
That
That
Whether
2. 连接代词引导的主语从句
连接代词在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。连接代词有：what, which, who, whose, whom,
whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever等。
1) What I have seen today has made a very deep impression on me.
2) Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.
违反本法者应予以罚款。
3) Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。
连接代词：what, which, who, whose, whom,
whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
1. They lost their way in the forest and ________ made matters worse was that night bigan to fall.
2. There is no doubt, in my opinion, that _______
matters is not the quantity, but the quality of the products.
3. ______one is better will be decided by yourself.
4. ______ will be our English teacher in the new term hasn't been decided yet.
5. In my opinion, ______ matters is not one's looks, but one's inner thoughts.
6. __________was said here must be kept secret.
7. __________ of you gets there first will get the prize.
what
Which
Who
what
what
Whatever
Whichever
3．连接副词引导的主语从句
连接副词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。连接副词有：when, where, why, how等。
1) When we will have a meeting is an important question.
2) Where we shall do the test is still under discussion.
主语从句中连接词的选择技巧：
(1) 根据连接词在从句中所作的语法成分；
(2) 根据连接词在从句中的意义。
练一练：连接副词：when, where, how, why
1. _____Zhai Zhigang ate his food in space is what we want to know.
2. ______ they will have the sports meeting is still a question, for they have so many things to do.
3. ______he didn't come yesterday is unknown.
4. _______ more and more students show little interest in this activity makes her puzzled.
When
Why
Why
How
三、主语从句与形式主语it
有时为了考虑句子平衡, 在句子中使用形式主语it, 而将真正的主语移至句末。常见的用形式主语it引导的主语从句结构有：
1. It's a pity (that) you can't attend my birthday party.
很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。
析：It be＋名词词组＋主语从句
常用于这种句型的名词词组有：a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, no wonder等。
2. It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
这是真的，他在化学领域有重大发现。
析：It be＋形容词＋主语从句
3. It's suggested that the old man (should) go to the countryside to have a rest.
这位老人被建议到乡村去休息一下。
析：It be＋过去分词＋主语从句
It be + 名词词组/形容词/过去分词/及物动词/ 不及物动词 + 主语从句
4. It seems to me that you disagree with the plan.
在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。
析: It＋不及物动词(happen, seem, appear, etc.)＋主语从句
5. It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.
让他吃惊的是他们突然来看他。
析: It＋及物动词＋宾语＋that从句
注意：
1. 当形容词是necessary, important, essential等时，主语从句的谓语用“（should）+ 动词原形”，即从句要用虚拟语气。
eg: It is necessary that you (should) master some computer skills.
2. 当过去分词是suggested, advised, ordered, requested, insisted,
required等表示建议、要求、命令、愿望等词时，主语从句的谓语用“(should)+动词原形”, 即从句要用虚拟语气。
eg: It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in half an hour.
我们被命令半小时之后到达那里。
练一练：主语从句与形式主语it
1. It is a pity ____ we can't arrive at the scene in time.
2. It doesn't interest me ______ you succeed or not.
3.----It remains to be seen ___________ the plan can be put into practice.
---- It depends on your determination.
4. It remains to be seen____________ they are wrong in the matter.
whether
whether/ if
whether/ if
that
1. 引导主语从句并在句首
Whether he will come is not clear.
2. 引导表语从句
The question is whether he’ll come.
3. 介词后用whether
I’m not sure about whether we’ll win.
4. whether or not
5. whether to do
whether与if 均为“是否”, 但下列情况下只用whether：
注意1:
1. 通常我们把主语从句看成是单数形式,
故从句作主语, 谓语动词用单数。
1) That she is still alive is a puzzle.
2) Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter.
3) Where we will go hasn’t been decided.
2. 2个或2个以上主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
When they will set off for London and where they will stay _______ not been decided yet.
3. 2个或多个连接词引导1个主语从句时, 谓语动词用单数。
When and where the conference will be held _____not been decided
yet.
注意2：谓语动词的单复数
have
has
但是what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的数应
与后面的名词一致。
1) 若作表语的名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数, 谓语动词用单数
2) 若是可数名词复数, 谓语动词常用复数形式。
What we need ___ more time.
What he needs _____ that book.
What he needs _____ some books.
is
is
are
注意3:
what: 在从句中作成分, 如主语,宾语,表语, 有含义。
that: 只起连接作用。
eg：
(1) What you said yesterday is right.
(2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.
由 that 引导:
1. That we shall be late is certain.
2. _____________________ is known to all.
地球是圆的
3. ________________________ is a pity.
你错过了这次机会
that 无意义, 后接一个完整的句子, that 不可省
what 与 that 引导主语从句
注意4:
That the earth is round
That you missed the chance
Discovering useful structures
1. His discovery has not yet been proved.
What _____________________________________.
2. Do the other astronomers accept his ideas It remains a question.
Whether _______________________________________
______________________.
3. The first appearance of life on earth is still a mystery to scientists.
How _____________________________________________.
has not yet been proved is his discovery
the other astronomers accept his ideas
life first appeared on earth is still a mystery to scientists
remains a question
4. Why is the earth becoming warmer It is an important topic for research.
Why _____________________________________________
_______________________________.
5. Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight. It amazed everybody.
It amazed everybody _______________________________
__________________________________.
6. Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system. What a surprise!
It is a surprise _____________________________________
____________________.
that Stephan Hawking at 65
that Pluto is no longer considered a planet
the earth is becoming warmer is an important topic for research
experienced zero gravity during a flight.
in our solar system