2013届高考英语：阅读理解命题点1--细节事实（解析02）

2013届高考英语：阅读理解命题点1--细节事实（解析02）
命题点1 细节事实
本类考题解答锦囊
细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。这种题属于中档层次题。在历年高考题中占大多数。
细节事实类题型多种多样，但有一些常见的方式：
1．Which of the following is true／false／mentioned?
2．What does the writer iter pay least attenti on to?
3．Choose the right order of the events given in the passage．
4．A1l the following statements are not true(true)except________
5．Which of the following gmaps／diagrams gives the right position of．．．?
一篇文章有了它所涉及的中心思想，即话题，确定了要表达的中心思想，还必须通过许多细节的信息来进一步解释或表达主题体现中心思想，因此细节是一篇文章的大部分篇幅，也是考生阅读过程中需要理解的主要内容，在阅读测试中，这类试题占大部分。
解题步骤：
1．通读全文，即以最快速度读完全文。目的让考生对文章内容结构有一个总体了解。
2．读题干，弄懂其含义。
3．带着题干问题重读文章。用查读法(scannin8)，快速扫描文章，查找与设问内容相关的词语或句子，借助于同义词或同义结构；当题目涉及到时间、距离，以及其他用数字表示的细节时，有时需要计算才能得出答案。
高考最新热门题
1.(典型例题卷)
Help Wanted
Help Wanted
PNINTER must have at least 3 years painting experience,Commercial ane new construction work.$10/hr.Immediate opening.Call43592典型例题 history.
SECRETARY Part-time position available in friendly,busy office. Good typing and general office skills.Some weekends required.High pay .Various duties.Apply(申请)at East
Help Wanted
Help Wanted
Side Management,500Park Drive,DeWitt,NY,13214.
VETERINARIAN ASSIS TANT (兽医助理)Person needed for busy animal hospital. Some nights and weekends.Spply in person to Johnson-Marks Animal Hospital,4典型例题 Road, Syracuse,NY.13224.After4p.m. only please.
NURSES’ASSISTANTS
Full-time and part-time positions available for modernnuisring home.High pay. Call Mrs. Downes,R.N.at 5347618.
COOK NEEDED immediately.Busy downtown restaurant.Must be good and dependable.Experience preferred.Weekends required. Call 324-9817.
Help Wanted
Help Wanted
SALESPERSON Experienced.Must have some Knowledge of men’s clothing industry.
Available to word evenings and some Saturdays.Send resume (个人简历)to:Martin’s Apparel.237 Rockledge St.Syracuse,NY13224.
TEACHER small private school needs English and math teachers.Must have BS degree and at least 4 years teaching experience.Send resume to:Wales Charter School 19 South 8 th St,NY 13214.
HOTEL needs part-time FRONT DESK CLERK.No experi8ence necessary.Excellent people and phong skills a must. Some computer skills helpful. $13/hr. Call:Mr.Jones 357-2897.
1. lf you are interested in working in a hotel, call_______.
A. 435 92典型例题 B. 534--7618
C. 324 9817 D. 357--2897
2. If you want to get a job as a math teacher, send your resume to_______.
A. 237 Rockledge St. , Syracuse, NY. 13224
B. 4典型例题 Road, Syracuse, NY. 13224
C. 500 Park Drive, Dewitt, NY. 13214
D. 19 south 8th St. NY. 1321.1
3. If you dislike working on Sundays, being a_______should be your best choice.
A. cook B. secretary
C. salesperson D. veterinarian assistant
4. If you want to get a job at_______, you must have office skills.
A. Martin's Apparel
B. East Side Management
C. Wales Charter School
Johnson--Marks Animal Hosptal
命题目的与解题技巧：这是一则广告题。目的是考查生是否看懂招聘广告。解答这类题的技巧在于：首先看请题干，带着问题从原文搜索答案。属于细节题中的直接理解题，只要把问题与原文挂购即可较容易地得到答案。
【解 析】 本文属广告类题材，文字难度适中。但需注意的是，广告类文章尤其是招聘类广告，其语句经常缺少成分。不过问题设计比较简单，可以从文中直接找到答案。
【答案】1．D．细节题，最后一则广告是招聘旅馆前台接待员，电话是357—2897．
2．D. 细节题。第七则广告是一所私立学校招聘教师。据此可以选出答案。
3．C. 细节题。从选项中排除：招聘秘书、厨师和兽医助理的广告片要求在周末工作，只有销售人员要求晚上工作。
4．B. 细节题。在招聘秘书的广告中要求有办公技能，且投递申请要在East SldeManagement。故选答案B。
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(典型例题Ⅱ C)
It's not the flashiest car in the world. Not even close. But the 1971 Volkswagen named Helios can do something most cars can't: nm on solar energy——energy from the sun's light and heat !
Joshua Bechtold, 14. and the other students at the Riverside School in Lyndonville, Vermont, worked many months to get Helios ready for the 1999 American Tour de Sol("Sol" is the Latin word for "sun"). They named their car after Helios, the sun god in Greek mythology(神话) .
The 4-year-old Tour de SOl encourages the use of "green", or environmentally friendly, cars to help reduce pollution and save energy. It's not a race. Cars are judged on fuel efficiency (耗油量) rather than speed. In the week-long event, 44 cars took the 350-mile tour from Waterbury, Connecticut, to Lake George, New York. Of the 23 student cars, Helios was the on- ly one built by middle school students.
A teacher drove Helios, but the children talked with people wherever they stopped along the road "That was my favor- ite part. "says Anna Browne, 15. "We explained how the car runs."
Due in part to old, inefficient batteries (电池), Helios finished fourth out of four in its kind, the sun-powered class. "We were there for the fun of it. "Anna says. "We're proud of Helios, ' says Ariel Gleicher, 14. "It's a car that's good for the environment."
1. What is special about the car Helios in the text?
A. It was built by middle school students.
B. It has an attractive design.
C. It was made in 1971.
D. It won the fourth prize.
答案: A 指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据第三段最后一句Heli—os was the only one built by middle school students．可以推断选A.
2. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race?
A. 1. B. 4.
C. 23. D. 44.
答案: B 指导：这是一道细节推断题两太阳能赛车参赛。根据最后一段第一句——outoffour~可以推断一共有4辆太阳能赛车参赛。
3. What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Making of Helios
B. 1999 American Tour de sol
C. Sun-powered Cars on the Road
D. Use of Green Cars in Connecticut
答案: C 指导；这是一道主旨题。这篇文章主要讲几个中学生制造的太阳能赛车上路参加比赛的事，所以最好的题目是Sun powered Cars on the Road．
4. The students felt proud of Helios because______.
A. it could run as far as 350 miles
B. it was favored by many children
C. it had high-quality batteries
D. it was driven by clean energy Passage
答案: D指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据最后一句It's a car that's good for the environment，即是由绿色能源驱动的。
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Passage 5(太原测评)
Life is difficult.
It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it. Then life is no longer difficult.
Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties represent (代表) a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.
What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause us sadness, or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.
Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning. Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure. When we desire to encourage the growth of human spirit, we encourage the human ability to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and work- ing out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, Those things that hurt, instruct. It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.
1. From the passage, it can be inferred that______.
A. everybody has problems
B. we become stronger by meeting and solving the problems of life
C. life is difficult because our problems bring us pain
D. people like to complain: about their problems
答案: B 指导：全文主要讲述有人抱怨生活的艰难，作者也承认生活是艰难的，然而正是这艰难的解决问题的过程使生活更有意义，所以文中最后一段第三行When we desire to encourage the growth“human spirit，we encourage the human ability to solveproblems，故此B为最佳选项。
2. The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to______.
A. save space
R persuade readers
C. make readers laugh
D. get readers' attention
答案: D 指导：写文章的目的就是解决问题，本文首先开门见山地点出问题，显然是为了吸引读者的注意力，而不是其他选项。
3. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is that______.
A. most people feel life is easy
B. the writer feels life is easy
C. the writer likes to complain about his problems
D. most people complain about how hard their lives are
答案: D 指导：由第三段第一句和第二句可知第三段的主要意思是“人们经常抱怨生活多么艰辛”。
4. According to the passage, we give school children difficult problems to solve in order to______.
A. encourage them to learn
B. teach them to fear the pain of solving the problem
C. help them learn to deal with pain
D. teach them how to respect from problems
答案: A 指导：由文章倒数第四句"we encourage the human ability to solve problems，justasin school we set problems for our childrentosolve"可知A为最佳选项。
5. The saying from Benjamin Franklin "Those things that hurt,instruct" suggests that______.
A. we do not learn from experience
B. we do not learn when we are in pain
C. pain teaches us important lessons
D. pain cannot be avoided
答案: C 指导：由文中"It is through the para of meeting and working out problems that we learn"可知答案为C，意思是”正是通过解决问题的痛苦，我们学到了知识”。
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