2013届山东省高考英语阅读理解命题点4 （猜测词义专题解析01）

2013届山东省高考英语:阅读理解命题点4 （猜测词义专题解析01）
高考最新热门题
1. (典型例题，E卷)
T-shirts out; uniforms in
School uniforms are becoming more and more popular across the U. S. A. That's no surprise, because they offer many benefits. They immediately end the powerful social sorting and labeling (标记) that come from clothing. If all students are dressed in the same way, they will not pay too much attention to their clothing, and some of them will not be laughed at for wearing the "wrong'clothes.
Some people are against the strict rule of school uniforms, but they do not realize that students already accept a kind of rule-- wanting to look just like their friends. The difference is that the clothing students choose for themselves creates social barriers; school uniforms tear those barriers down.
As in other places, uniforms remind the wearers of their purpose and duties. For example, when a man or woman puts on a police uniform, he or she becomes, for a time, the symbol (象征) of taw and order. The uniform means to the wearer his or her special duties and sends the same message to everyone the wearer meets. People with different jobs wear uniforms of one kind or another. For students, the school uniform reminds them that their task for the six or seven hours they are in school is to get an education.
Some parents are unhappy about uniforms, saying that school uniforms will affect their children's" creativity". First, as noted above, the clothes students choose to wear do not necessarily express their individuality (个性). They just copy their classmates. Second, students have the rest of the day to be as creative as they like. While they're in school, their job is to master reading, writing, and math; this should take up all the creativity they have. Mastery of those skills will be good for the students to build up their creativity in every way.
1. In Paragraph 1, the word "benefits"probably means________.
A. tasks B. messages
C. differences D. advantages
2. From the passage we learn that uniforms in general________.
A. prevent the wearers from being laughed at
B. help the wearers keep their duties in mind
C. are seen as a symbol of power
D. help to create social barriers
3. Some people are against school uniforms because ________.
A. they fail to realize that students have accepted the uniforms
B. they believe that uniforms will make students less creative
C. they don't agree that uniforms can remove social barriers
D. they think that school uniforms are too popular
4. The author would probably agree that
A. it makes no difference whether to wear school uniforms or not
B. students' individuality may not come from school education
C. students' creativity is related to' the clothes they choose
D. school uniforms help to create equality among students
命题目的与解题技巧：本文有关题考查学生猜测词义能力。做这类题的关键是学生根据上下文线索(即具体语境)作出推断。
【解 析】 本文是一篇关于是否该穿校服的争论的议论文。有人认为校服会扼杀孩子的创造性，但很显然作者是同意穿校服的，认为穿校服可以在学生中间培养公平意识。
【答 案】 1．D 猜测词义。从下文看，作者例数校服的诸多好处，显然“benifits"在此有“优点，好处”之义。其他三词tasks(任务)，messages(信息)，differences(不同)，意思相差甚远。
2．B 细节推断。从第三段第一句话“AsinOtherplaces，uni forms remind the wearers of their purpose and duties"可推知，制服(unifontt)帮助穿衣者时刻记住其职责。
3．B 细节题。从最后一段第一句：“Someparents．．．，sayin8 that school uniforms will affect their children'screatiVity"可直接选出答案。
4．D 主旨推断题。纵览全文，作者的观点是认为学生穿校服可以培养公平意识，对于创造性可以在其他时间和事件中培养。
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Passage 1(典型例题B)
These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint. Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses, factories, and offices.
Green building means "reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land" Taryn Holowka of the U.S Green Building Council in Washington, D. C. said.
According to Holowka, buildings account for(占了) 65 percent of total U. $. electricity use.
But green buildings can reduce energy and water use. Also, the buildings are often located near public transportation such as buses and subways, so that people can drive their cars less. That could be good for the environment, because ears use lots of gas and give off pollution. Green buildings are often built on developed land, so that the buildings don't destroy forests.
Marty Dettling is the project manager for a building that put these ideas into action. The Solaire has been called the country's first green high-rise building. According to Dettling, "We've reduced our energy use by one-third and our water by 50 percent. '
The Solaire cuts energy in part by using so]ar power. "On the lace of the building we have solar panels which change the sun's energy into electricity,'Dettling explained.
The Solaire also has lights that automatically turn off when people leave the room. In addition, the building has lots of windows, allowing people to use the sun for light during the day. The Solaire cuts water by reusing it.
Not everyone is eager to move into a green building, however. Some people think that things like solar panels cost more money than more traditional energy sources. Anyhow, Holowka said, "It's going to be big." 1. In the second paragraph, the underlined words "the building" most probably refer to________.
A. an ordinary building
B. an. energy-saving building
C. a green-colored building
D. a building in Washington, D. C.
答案: A 指导：文章第一段第二句首先介绍了当今的Green building的概念是环保型的houses，factories和offices。第二段第一句指出环保型建筑就是要减少thebuilding所造成的(不良)影响。由此町判断thebuiding为普通建筑。
2. A green building is often built on an area of land________.
A. which has thick forests around
13. which has already been used for building
C. where people of high income live
D. where traveling around by car is most convenient
答案: B 指导：根据第四段倒数第一句可知。第四段讲了green buiding对于环境等的优点，A、C、D项内容本段未提及。
3. When Holowka says in the last paragraph, "It's going to be
big", she means that green buildings________.
A. will be more comfortable
B. will become popular in the future
C. will be more environmentally friendly
D. will take the place of traditional buildings
答案: B 指导：根据前面几段对于green buiding优点的介绍，再根据最后一句中的anyhow所表达的逻辑关系进行推理，可知答案。
4. What is the main subject discussed in the text?
A. Dettling designed the first green building in the U. S.
B. Energy shortage calls for buildings of new design.
C. Green buildings help save environment.
D. The Solaire serves as a model of high buildings.
答案: C 指导：文章第一段介绍greenbuilding是环保型的，下面又分段分绍它的优点，最后一段介绍其前景，因此可判断C为正确答案。
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Passage **********
Plagiarism is one of the most serious problems in schools and colleges. It has occurred as long as there have been teachers and students, but the recent growth of the Intemet has made it much worse. Recent studies show 30% of all students may be plagiarizing on every written homework they' ve done. What is plagiarism? It is using others' ideas and words without clearly mentioning where the information is from.
The ways to avoid plagiarism are.
* Put in quotations(引号) everything that comes directly from the text.
* Paraphrase (转述) ,but be sure you aren't just rearranging or replacing a few words. Instead, read over what you'll paraphrase carefully; close the text so that you can' t see any of it; and write out the idea quickly in your own words. Then check your paraphrase to make sure you haven't accidentally used the same expressions.
In US and UK universities, plagiarism is considered as cheating or dishonesty with punishment from a zero for the homework to a failing grade for the subject, to a loss of all grades for that term or an expel(开除)from the university for at least two terms.
Several methods are taken in US universities to stop students' plagiarizing on line, Some colleges are experimenting with a program that can control the computer's operating system during the test. Teachers also go to www. tumitin, com to catch cheaters. However, students need to be made clear of thereason why plagiarizing is wrong.
1. The word "plagiarism"means________.
A. cheating in the exams
B. putting others' words in quotations
C. rewriting others' articles
D. stealing others' ideas or words
答案: D 指导：由第一段最后一句“Whatisplagiarism?hisusing others'ideasand words without clearly mentioning where the informationisfrom"可知D正确。
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Passage ******
Both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat. Warm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underground burrows. At night they search for food. Animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blooded lizards and snakes, are active only for short periods. As their body tem- perature rises, these reptiles move into the shade in order to cool down. In the early evening, when the sun grows weaker, the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again.
Getting enough water to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. Some desert animals, like desert birds, manage to find water holes. Other desert animals, such as the kangaroo rat and the related jerboa, get water only from the food that they eat. Because these animals eat mainly dry seeds, they must survive on a tiny amount of water.
Most deserts have only a small number of frogs and toads because these animals must be near water to survive. Yet even these creatures have adapted (适应) to desert conditions. When small amounts of water collect in temporary streams, the desert-living frogs and toads become active. After a rainfall, they lay their eggs. The eggs grow into tadpoles in a few days and into adults in just four weeks, when the puddles (7](t7i;) dry up, the adult frogs or toads dig into the ground. Their metabolism (新陈代谢) slows, and they stay beneath the ground until the next rain, which may be as good as a year away. Until then, their bodily activities continue at a reduced rate.
The camel--often called the ship of the desert--is one of the most successful desert animals. Camels can go for long pe- riods without water, but eventually they must drink. When water becomes available to them after a long drought, they may drink 95 liters of water or more. When water is not available, what helps camels survive the desert heat is the fat stored in their humps (驼峰). A camel's hump contains about 12 kilograms of fat. Fat is rich in hydrogen. As the fat is digested, hydrogen from the fat combines with oxygen in the air that the camel breathes. The result is H20, or water. Each kilogram of fat that a camel digests produces about a liter of water.
1. Desert animals are usually more active at night because .
A. it is cooler at night
B. it is easier to find water
C. they like the dark
D. they are less likely to be attacked at night
答案：A指导：文章的首句：“Bothwarm-bloodedandcold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat．”A项与此信息吻合。
2. Which of the following desert animals can get water only
from the food?
A. The camel B. The kangaroo
C. The frog D. The rat.
答案：B指导：第二段：“Other desert animals，such as the kangatoo rat and related jerboa，get wateronly from the food that theyeat．”本句明确告知B项是正确的。注意：D项therat指的是“田鼠”。
3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. All the desert animals rest during the day.
B. All the desert animals don't rest during the day.
C. Cold blooded desert animals are out most of the day.
D. None of the cold-blooded desert animals go out during the day.
答案：B 指导：注意本句的意思是：并不是所有的沙漠动物都在白天休息。而不是所有的沙漠动物都不在白天休息。
4. The title for this passage could probably be_________.
A. Hot Deserts
B. Desert Animals
C. How Desert Animals Get Water
D. Ways To Escape the Desert Heat
答案：B 指导：本文正是介绍“沙漠动物”的。
5. The underlined word "burrows"in the first paragraph can be replaced by _______
A. holes B. caves C. rooms D. openings
答案：A指导：根据常识和burrows之前的underground一词可以作出判断。
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