2013届山东省高考英语阅读理解命题点4 （猜测词义专题解析02）

2013届山东省高考英语:阅读理解命题点4 （猜测词义专题解析02）
Passage ****(典型例题)
Millions of aircraft take off around the world every year. The skies they fly in seem limitless --miles of empty space. But, with the number offlights increasing each year, this emptiness no longer exists. Researchers in the world of aviation (航空) are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for more aids (辅助设备) to aviation control.
People who travel the skies are not certain about air safety. A great deal of money is spent on new and bigger aircraft and airports to deal with the vast increase in passengers travelling by air. Only a small percentage of this money is spent on navigation (导航) and other aids. Actually, suitable electronic equipment has long existed, and many companies market safety aids designed to make it safer for aircraft to take off, fly any distance, any land, whatever the weather. Yet, there are two problems to be solved. The first is to get governments, airlines and airport officials to agree to basic levels of safety aids. The second problem is to find a way of meeting these basic requirements.
But no matter how well the equipment works, operators of the equipment still play an important role. Communications between pilots and ground controllers are extremely important to air safety. It is worth pointing out that the mishearing or misunderstanding of instructions in English, and the use of another language, in an international conversation, have led to two recent aircraft accidents. A new type of instrument (仪器) called FLIGHTWATCH would help pilots prevent airport collisions. It would be particularly helpful near airports.
1. The increasing number of flights leads to the fact that________.
A. flying is no longer limited in the sky
B. there is no empty space for aids to aviation control
C. piloting and controlling planes is getting more difficult
D. the pressure on the ground becomes greater
答案: C 指导：第一段第三句话"Researchersi in．．．thepressure on pilots and ground controllers"意思是世界航空研究者们担心飞行员和地面导航的日益增长的压力，正好与C项吻合。
2. There is uncertainty about air safety because .
A. planes become bigger for the increasing number of passengers
B. money spent on electronic equipment is far from enough
B. suitable electronic equipment hasn't been invented yet
D. it is dangerous for planes to take off or land
答案: B 指导：根据第二段第一句话"Peoplewhotravel theskies are not certainabout airsafet／’和最后三句话"Yet，thereare twoproblemstobesolvedo．．．”可知B为最佳选项。
3. The underlined word "collisions"probably means
A. accidents in which two planes hit each other
B. misunderstandings between pilots and ground controllers
C. quarrels among passengers
D. breakdowns of new types of instrument
答案: A 指导：根据第一段第二句和第三句“飞机好像在几公里 这么宽的无限制空间中飞行”，“然而随着飞机数量的增多，这种无限的空间不存在了”。由于空间有限，所以撞机事件时有发生。
4. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. governments and officials have paid great attention to air safety
B. there should be more companies to sell new safety aids
C. English should be used in an international conversation
D. understanding between pilots and ground controllers should be improved
答案: D指导：根据第三段第二句“Communicationsbetween pilots and ground controllers are extremely important to air safety”可知，D为最佳选项，句意为：飞行员和地面人员的交流对飞行安全是极为重要的。
************************************************************结束
Passage ******
Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England heginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造)of goods, which hanged ide as about work. Onc of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail. meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, ahhough mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.
Oncc this was done, workers no longer started on the product and lahored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parls in certain order.
There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to com pare with the new produciion techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater num- ber than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled workers wasn't the only loser, thc common workers lost too. Similar changes forced fanners a way. The increased mechanization (械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.
1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by tile use of scientific findings in the production of goods?
A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.
B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.
C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time.
D. The use of machines producing parts of the same stand ard.
答案：B 指导：由文中第一段可知。
2. The underlined word "this" in the first paragraph refers to_________.
A. the use of scientific findings
B. the practice of producing the same parts for a product
C. the human power being replaced by other forms of energy
D. the technology becoming the encouragement of historical change
答案：C 指导：由于其他“能”代替了“人力”，从而使“机器”生产出现。所以C为正确答案。
3. The underlined word "this"in the second paragraph refers to the change that______.
A. each nail could be taken tile place of by every other nail
B. each nail was exactly like every other nail
C. producing tasks became smaller and smaller
D. goods could lie mass produced
答案：D 指导：由于产品成批生产，所以产生工人只做千分之一的工作。故D为正确答案。
***********************************************************结束
Passage ********
We find that bright children are not often held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are improved. We feel that there are many dis advantages in streaming pupils, a way to teach pupils in groupsaccording to their ability. It does not pay attention to the fact that children develop at different speed. It can have a bad effect on bloth the bright and not-so-bright children. After all it can be quite discouraging to be at the hottom of the top grade !
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual (智力的) ability. This is only one aspect (方面) of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic (学术理论的) ability. We also value personal qua[ides (品质)and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching helps improve all these aspects of learning.
In our classroom, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups, this gives them the chances to learn to cc-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They al- sci learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate (分析和评价), and to comunicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual (个人的) tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is right and suitable. We encourage our pu- pils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to achieve this goal.
1. What's the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching"?
A. He agrees to it.
B. He doubts the truth of it.
C. He is very discontent about it.
D. He tries to be objective at)out it.
答案：A 指导：由第一段第二句“On the contrary，both their knowledSe and experience are improved”可知作者赞同mixed-abilityteaching．
2. By "held back", the author means
A. forced to study in the lower class
B. made to remain in the same class
C. prevented from advancing
D. made to fall behind other students
答案：C 指导：由第一段第二句中的improved可知。
************************************************************结束
2013届山东省高考英语:阅读理解命题点4 （猜测词义专题解析02）
Passage ****(典型例题)
Millions of aircraft take off around the world every year. The skies they fly in seem limitless --miles of empty space. But, with the number offlights increasing each year, this emptiness no longer exists. Researchers in the world of aviation (航空) are worried about the increasing pressure on pilots and ground controllers. And increasing collisions, occurring at or near an airport, have called attention to the need for more aids (辅助设备) to aviation control.
People who travel the skies are not certain about air safety. A great deal of money is spent on new and bigger aircraft and airports to deal with the vast increase in passengers travelling by air. Only a small percentage of this money is spent on navigation (导航) and other aids. Actually, suitable electronic equipment has long existed, and many companies market safety aids designed to make it safer for aircraft to take off, fly any distance, any land, whatever the weather. Yet, there are two problems to be solved. The first is to get governments, airlines and airport officials to agree to basic levels of safety aids. The second problem is to find a way of meeting these basic requirements.
But no matter how well the equipment works, operators of the equipment still play an important role. Communications between pilots and ground controllers are extremely important to air safety. It is worth pointing out that the mishearing or misunderstanding of instructions in English, and the use of another language, in an international conversation, have led to two recent aircraft accidents. A new type of instrument (仪器) called FLIGHTWATCH would help pilots prevent airport collisions. It would be particularly helpful near airports.
1. The increasing number of flights leads to the fact that________.
A. flying is no longer limited in the sky
B. there is no empty space for aids to aviation control
C. piloting and controlling planes is getting more difficult
D. the pressure on the ground becomes greater
答案: C 指导：第一段第三句话"Researchersi in．．．thepressure on pilots and ground controllers"意思是世界航空研究者们担心飞行员和地面导航的日益增长的压力，正好与C项吻合。
2. There is uncertainty about air safety because .
A. planes become bigger for the increasing number of passengers
B. money spent on electronic equipment is far from enough
B. suitable electronic equipment hasn't been invented yet
D. it is dangerous for planes to take off or land
答案: B 指导：根据第二段第一句话"Peoplewhotravel theskies are not certainabout airsafet／’和最后三句话"Yet，thereare twoproblemstobesolvedo．．．”可知B为最佳选项。
3. The underlined word "collisions"probably means
A. accidents in which two planes hit each other
B. misunderstandings between pilots and ground controllers
C. quarrels among passengers
D. breakdowns of new types of instrument
答案: A 指导：根据第一段第二句和第三句“飞机好像在几公里 这么宽的无限制空间中飞行”，“然而随着飞机数量的增多，这种无限的空间不存在了”。由于空间有限，所以撞机事件时有发生。
4. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. governments and officials have paid great attention to air safety
B. there should be more companies to sell new safety aids
C. English should be used in an international conversation
D. understanding between pilots and ground controllers should be improved
答案: D指导：根据第三段第二句“Communicationsbetween pilots and ground controllers are extremely important to air safety”可知，D为最佳选项，句意为：飞行员和地面人员的交流对飞行安全是极为重要的。
************************************************************结束
Passage ******
Technology has been an encouragement of historical change. It acted as such a force in England heginning in the eighteenth century, and across the entire Western World in the nineteenth. Rapid advances were made in the use of scientific findings in the manufacture (制造)of goods, which hanged ide as about work. Onc of the first changes was that other forms of energy have taken the place of human power. Along with this came the increased use of machines to manufacture products in less time. People also developed machines that could produce the same parts for a product: each nail was exactly like every other nail. meaning that each nail could be changed for every other nail. This means that goods could be mass production, ahhough mass production required breaking production down into smaller and smaller tasks.
Oncc this was done, workers no longer started on the product and lahored to complete it. Instead, they might work only one thousandth of it, other workers completing their own parls in certain order.
There is nothing strange about this manufacturing work by today's standards. Highly skilled workers were unable to com pare with the new produciion techniques, as mass production allowed goods of high standard to be produced in greater num- ber than could ever be done by hand. But the skilled workers wasn't the only loser, thc common workers lost too. Similar changes forced fanners a way. The increased mechanization (械化) of agriculture freed masses of workers from ploughing the land and harvesting its crops. They had little choice but to stream toward the rapidly developing industrial centers. Increasingly, standards were set by machines. Workers no longer owned their own tools, their skill was no longer valued, and pride in their work was no longer possible. Workers fed, looked after and repaired the machines that could work faster than humans at greatly reduced cost.
1. In this passage, which of the following is NOT considered as a change caused by tile use of scientific findings in the production of goods?
A. Other forms of energy have taken the place of human power.
B. The increased exploitation of workers in the 19th century.
C. The increased use of machines to make products in less time.
D. The use of machines producing parts of the same stand ard.
答案：B 指导：由文中第一段可知。
2. The underlined word "this" in the first paragraph refers to_________.
A. the use of scientific findings
B. the practice of producing the same parts for a product
C. the human power being replaced by other forms of energy
D. the technology becoming the encouragement of historical change
答案：C 指导：由于其他“能”代替了“人力”，从而使“机器”生产出现。所以C为正确答案。
3. The underlined word "this"in the second paragraph refers to the change that______.
A. each nail could be taken tile place of by every other nail
B. each nail was exactly like every other nail
C. producing tasks became smaller and smaller
D. goods could lie mass produced
答案：D 指导：由于产品成批生产，所以产生工人只做千分之一的工作。故D为正确答案。
***********************************************************结束
Passage ********
We find that bright children are not often held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are improved. We feel that there are many dis advantages in streaming pupils, a way to teach pupils in groupsaccording to their ability. It does not pay attention to the fact that children develop at different speed. It can have a bad effect on bloth the bright and not-so-bright children. After all it can be quite discouraging to be at the hottom of the top grade !
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual (智力的) ability. This is only one aspect (方面) of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic (学术理论的) ability. We also value personal qua[ides (品质)and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching helps improve all these aspects of learning.
In our classroom, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups, this gives them the chances to learn to cc-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They al- sci learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate (分析和评价), and to comunicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual (个人的) tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is right and suitable. We encourage our pu- pils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively. An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to achieve this goal.
1. What's the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching"?
A. He agrees to it.
B. He doubts the truth of it.
C. He is very discontent about it.
D. He tries to be objective at)out it.
答案：A 指导：由第一段第二句“On the contrary，both their knowledSe and experience are improved”可知作者赞同mixed-abilityteaching．
2. By "held back", the author means
A. forced to study in the lower class
B. made to remain in the same class
C. prevented from advancing
D. made to fall behind other students
答案：C 指导：由第一段第二句中的improved可知。
************************************************************结束