2013届四川省高考英语：阅读理解命题点3--推理判断（解析03）

2013届四川省高考英语：阅读理解命题点3--推理判断（解析03）
新高考命题探究
Passage 1
Visit Iceland and you'll enter a whole new region of experience. You'll discover original nature as you've never seen it before, and the equally Original people for whom timeless nature, ancient heritage and modem lifestyle coexist in harmony. The freedom to wander in the city or the wilds as you please is the key to the Iceland experience.
Reykjavik, the capital of Iceland, is just a part of the Icelandic experience with its midnight sun or the magical landscapes mixed with ice and fire. Reykjavik has a population of around 170,000 and offers an interesting mix of cosmopolitan (世界各地的) culture and local village roots.
Old accounts say the ancient gods themselves guided Iceland's first settler to make his home in Reykjavik. He named the place Reykjavik (Steamy Bay ) after the geothermal (地热) steam he saw, which today heats homes and outdoor swimming pools throughout the city, a pollution-free energy source that leaves the air outstandingly fresh, clean and clear.
A beautiful river runs through the city limits, and so do fine parks and even wild outdoor areas. In the outskirts are places for horse trekking and golf. But against this backcloth of nature, Reykjavik has a packed program of familiar city joys too: art museums, several theaters, an opera house, a symphony orchestra and concerts meeting the needs of the whole spectrum of age and taste.
One must for all visitors is dining out on Icelandic specialities, including delicious seafood, ocean-fresh from the morning's catch, highland lamb and unusual varieties of game. Its purely natural food imagiriatively served to delight the most disceming(内行的)of diners. Reykjavik is also famous as one of Europe's hottest nightspots, where the action on the friendly pub and nightlife scene lasts right through the night. In the evening, the downtown area filled with activity, reaching its peak on Friday or Saturday. The number of pubs, cafe, discos, and other night-spots in the downtown area is astonishing. There is arich variety of places to go. European-style cafes, nightclubs with live entertainment, dance halls for seniors, sports-theme pubs with big TV screens, cafes that offer over 100 types of beer, an Irish pub, a Spanish cafe, a French wine bar...
Walking distances are short downtown, and everything worth seeing outside the city center can be quickly and conveniently reached by bus. With its long, easy-going main street and large shopping mall, Iceland's capital is a great place to shop too with a bonus of tax-free shopping for visitors! Be careful not just for souvenirs(纪念品) (especially woolens and handicrafts) but also for stylish consumer goods and designer labels at competitive prices.
A full range of accommodations (住宿) is available in Reykiavik, from international-standard hotels with good conference facilities, through smaller hotels and comfortable guest- houses, to a campsite in the city's biggest park.
1. It can be learned from the passage that Reykiavik_______.
A. was named by the ancient gods
B. got its name from the visitors
C. was named by Iceland's first settler
D. was named after Iceland's first settler
答案: C 指导：由文中第三段第一行"Old accounts say the ancientgods themselves guided lceland's first settler to make his homein Reykiaviik．He named the place Reykiavikafter the geothermalsteamhesaw．．．”可知C为正确选项。
2. While visiting Iceland, the most enjoyable thing is_______.
A. to taste its purely natural food
B. to wander freely in the city or the wilds as you please
C. to visit the night-spots there
D. to do tax-free shopping
答案: B 指导：由文中第一段最后一句话"The freedomtowander in the city or The wilds as you please is the key to the lceland experience"可知B为最佳选项。
3. Which of the following subjects are mentioned in the fifth paragraph?
A. Shopping and accommodations
B. Dining and night-spots
C. City joys and backcloth of nature
D. Transportation and landscapes
答案: B 指导：由第五段明显可以看出B为最佳选项，关键词是本段第一行中的diningout和第五行中的alsofamousasone
Of europe's hottest nightspots．
4. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. all visitors must dine out while visiting Iceland
B. hotel accommodation is so scarce that visitors usually camp in the city's big gest parks
C. people living in Reykiavik seldom get heat from coal
D. you have to walk a short distance if you want to go sight seeing outside the city
答案: C 指导：根据全文，此处以geothermal(地热)而命名，所以人们充分利用地热而很少烧煤，故此C应该为最佳选项。
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Passage 1 (名校联考八)
Sport not only is physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism fromcoaches, parents, and oth- er teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount ofanxiety or stress for young athletes (运动员). Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological (心理上的), and research has indicated (暗示) that it can lead to bum out. Bum out has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable.
The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable ex- periences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperatewith others, make friends, and gain oth- er social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find a flaw(缺陷) in themselves.
Coaches and parents should also be cautious (小心)that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today's youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coachesfocus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Pos- hive (正面的) reinforcement (强化) should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive rein- forcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to bum out.
1. An effective way to prevent the bum out of young athletes is_______.
A. to reduce their mental stress
B. to increase their sense of success
C. to make sports less competitive
D. to make sports more challenging
答案: A指导：这是一篇探讨心理、教育问题的议论文。文章讨论了体育比赛对年轻人成长所起的作用以及父母、教练及运动员应该如何正确面对体育比赛，如何使年轻人通过参与竞技体育培养健康的心理，学习掌握成长中所需的技能。文章第一段第三句“．．．It can lead to burnout，”中，这里it 指代stress，既然burnout是由stress所导致，那么防止burnout 的办法自然就是减少压力。B、C、D三项恰恰都会增加运动员的精神压力，从而增加the burnout of young athletes。
2. According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that_______.
A. it can help them learn more about society
B. it enables them to find flaws in themselves
C. it can provide them with valuable experiences
D. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves.
答案: C 指导：本题可采用排除法。B、D两项较易排除，选项A是干扰项。由文章第二段第二、三句"The sport settingis one where valuable experiences can take place．Young ath letesall，for example，learn how to cooperate with Others，make friends，and gain other social skills that will be used throunghouttheirlives"，比较A、C两项，C项更贴切，故选C项。
3. Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes_______.
A. believing that criticism is beneficial for their early development
B. without realizing criticism may destroy their self-confidence
C. in order to make them remember life's lessons
D. so as to put more pressure on them
答案: B 指导：由文章第二段最后两句“Coaches and parents should如aware；atalltimes，that their feed back toyougsters can greatly affect their chdren．Youngsters may take thdir parents'and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw in themselves"可知选项B符合文意。
4. According to the passage parents and coaches should_______.
A. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports
B. help children to win every game
C. train children to cope with (应付) stress
D. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports
答案: D 指导：B、C项易排除。关键在于对A、D两项的判断。本文的主旨是：家长、教练及年轻人应如何正确对待体育比赛；要注意比赛的过程而非结果，要认识到年轻人参加运动比赛是为了学习到宝贵的经验。A项“要注意让孩子享受运动的乐趣”与文章的主旨不符。根据第三段第二句，可知D项正确。
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Passage ******
Animal Conservation
Many animal and plant species have become extinct(灭绝的) and many more are in critical danger. Finding Ways to protect the earth's wildlife and conserve (保护) the natural world they inhabit (居住) is now more important than ever.
Dodos
The dodo was a classic example of how human caused damage to the earth's biology. The flightless dodo was native to the Island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. It lived off fruit fallen from the island's trees and lived unthreatened until humans arrived in 15典型例题 easily controlled bird became a source of food for sailors and was attacked by animals introduced to the island by humans such as pigs, monkeys and rats. The population of dodo rapidly decreased and the last one was killed in 1681.
Rhinos
The rhino (犀牛) horn is a highly prized item for Asian medicines. This has led to the animal being hunted in its natural habitat. Once widespread in Africa and Eurasia, most rhinos now live in protected natural parks and reserves (保护区). Their numbers have rapidly decreased in the last 50 years, and the animals remain under constant threat from poachers (偷猎者).
Giant panda
The future of the World Wildlife Fund's symbol is far from certain. As few as I 000 remain in the wild. The Chinese goveminent has set up 33 panda reserves to protect these beautiful animals and made poaching them punishable with 20 years in prison. However,The panda's distinct black and white patched coat fetches a high price on the black market and determined poachers still pose (造就) one of the most serious threats to the animals continued existence.
Whales
The International Whaling Commission is fighting to en sure the survival of the whale species. Despite the fact that one third the world's oceans have been declared the whale sanctua ries (保护), 7 out of 13 whale species remain endangered. Hunted for their rich supply of oil, their numbers have de creased to just 300. Collisions (碰撞) with ships, poisonous pollution and being caught in fishing nets are other major causes of whale deaths.
Tigers
The last 100 years has seen a 95% reduction in the num bers of remaining tigers to between 5,000 and 7,000 and the Bali, Javan, and Caspian tigers are already extinct. The South China tiger is precariously close to disappearing, with only 20 to 30 still alive. Like the rhino horn, tigers' bones and organs are sought after for traditional Chinese medicines. These items are traded illegally along with tiger skins.
1. It implies that _______.
A. the dodo lacked the ability to protect itself from other animals
B. sailors to the Island of Mauritius lived mainly on the dodo
C. the dodo used to be a strong animal that liked fighting
D. the dodo, pigs, monkeys and rats were the natives to the Island of Mauritius
答案: A 指导：从文章中的flightless，livedofffruitfallenfromthe island'strees，Easilycontrolled等可推测出dodo缺乏保护自己的能力。
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. The number of South (]tim tiger has reached crisis point.
B. Many animals are threatened with extinction as a result of human activity.
C. People hunt for the endangered animals for high profit.
D. The whale is the representing mark for the World Wildlife Fund
答案: D 指导：从第四段中的"The fature of the World Wildlife Fund's symbolis for from certain"一句可得“世界野生动物基金”的图案标志是“大熊猫”而不“鲸”。
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Passage 2***(东城综合)
Advertising gives useful information about which products to buy. But modem advertising does more than gives news about products and services. Today's advertisements, or ads, try to get consumers (消费者) to buy certain brands (品牌). Writers of advertising are so skillful that they can sometimes persuade a consumer to wear a certain kind of clothing, cat a special kind of cereal (麦片) , or see a movie. Consunfers might never even want a product if they did not see or hear advertisements for it.
For example, you probably do not need the newest cereal in the supermarket. There are probably many cereal brands on your kitchen shelves. You may not have space on your shelf for another. But if you see ads about a new cereal that is your extra-tasty and has a free prize in the box, you may want it. Ad- vertising must get attention. To be effective, it must be exciting, entertaining, or provide some pleasure. The secret of writing good advertising copy is to offer a good idea as well as a product. The idea is what the ad is really selling. One example is an ad that says eating a certain cereal will make a person do well in sports. That cereal brand may sell better if consumers think it offers strength and energy.
1. What is discussed in this passage?
A. The content of modem advertising.
B. The skills of modern advertising.
C. The results of modem advertising.
D. The writing of modem advertising.
答案: B 指导：本文着重讲述了广告的作用，所以为了起到应有的作用，必须有一定的技巧。
2. According to the passage, a good advertisemnt should _______.
A. be both persuasive and effective
B. give people useful information
C. show people a product
D. show people a new idea of a product
答案: A 指导：由文章第一段第三句"Today's advertisemens，orads，try to get consumers to buy certain brands"可知A正确。
3. From the passage, we can infer that _______.
A. modern advertising has less effect on customers
B. once customers see ads about a new cereal, they are sure to buy it
C. cereal can make people strong
D. cereal is a kind of food which is popular among people
答案: D 指导：由文章第二段"you probably do not need the newest cereal in the supermarket. There are probably many cereal brands on your kitchen shelves. You may not have space on your shelf for another. But if you see ads about a new ce real that is your extra-tasty and has a free prize in the box, you may want it. "可以推测出来cereal 是一种受人们欢迎的食品。
4. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Customers can easily be persuaded by advertisements.
B. Customers should be persuaded by advertisements.
C. It's impossible for customers to buy a product without adver tisements.
D. Customers buy products according to their demands rather than the advertisements.
答案: A 指导：由于本文主要讲述广告的介绍作用和劝诱作用，同时文章第二段的麦片的例子就是一个暗示，所以A为正确答案。
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