2013届四川省高考英语：阅读理解命题点3--推理判断（解析02）
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2013届四川省高考英语：阅读理解命题点3--推理判断（解析02）
高考最新热门题
****典型例题
Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile isand, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles west of its nearest neighour, ST. Helena,and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discov- ered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将)of the same name in 15典型例题settled in 1810, the isand belongs to Great Britain and has a population of few hundred.
Coming in a close second--and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land--is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.
The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around ther 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.
On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day.
1. It can be learned from the text that the island of tristan da Cunha_______.
A. was named after its discoverer
B. got its name from Holland settlers
C. was named by the British govenment
D. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records
2. Wich of the following is most famous for moai?
A. Tristan da Cunha. B. Pitcairn Island
C. Easter Island. D. St. Helena.
3. Which country does Easter Island belong to?
A. Britain. B. Hollland.
C. Portugal. D. Chile
命题目的与解题技巧：本文的命题目的考查学生推理判断能力。做这类题的技巧在于：首先在原文中找到据以推理的有关文字部分，借助于一些常识，然后加以分析推理，最终作出判断。
解析：本文介绍了TristandaCunha岛的来历，地理位置及人们的生活状况。
答案：1．A 这是一道推断题。从第一段第三句，这小岛名字是以岛屿发现者的名字来命名的。
2．C 这理一道细节推断题，可从第二段、第三段，尤其是第三段第二句找到，Easterlsland(复活节岛)是智利在南太平洋上的一个小岛。
3．D 这是一道细节推断题，可从第四段找到。请留意该段中的On Easter Sunday(在复活节上)，暗示了Easter Island (复活节岛)。此外，该段有on the Chilean territory(智利领土)的字样，就很容易判断出该哪一个答案了。
***************************************************结束
Passage ****典型例题
Who is there among us who hasn't dreamed of having his or her own small ( maybe, several years later, even big) business, and having wonderful freedom, both from a boss and from the time clock: the freedom to make up our own rules for our work, and our own plans--arranging our own hours of work? That way work would be both painless and fun. Or, so we imagine.
Well, in fact it isn't quite as simple as that. Yes, it is true that being the boss has its satisfactions and that you can arrange your working hours freely if you own your own small business. But in those early years of starting your own business, you shouldn't think of a free day, not to mention flying off for a month's vacation. It is not unusual for new business owners to work seventy or eighty hours a week, and if there is a day off, that day might need to be devoted to accounting(算账).
But this negative picture doesn't destroy the beautiful hopes. The possibility of getting something wonderful in return--both material and mental--continues to drive that large number of people who start up small businesses each year in the United States.
1. From the first paragraph, we know that everybedy bopes_______.
A. to rule others
B. to be his or her own boss
C. to get a time clock
D. to be free from work
答案: B指导：从第一段可得知。
2. Most new business owners have to_______.
A. work more than 10 hours a day
B. devote himself to accounting
C. fly to some places in the world
D. have a day off in a week
答案: A 从句中“h is not unusual for new business owners to works eventy or eighty hours a week"可知一天工作十多个小时。
3. The expression "negative picture" nxet probably means_______.
A. a terrible experience
B. a poor picture
C. limited freedom
D. unpleasant situations
答案: D指导：根据第二段可知negmive picture means unpleasant situations．
4. The beautiful hopes will never be destroyed because_______.
A. people love beautiful things by nature
B. people have a strong desire to seek personal gains
C. small businesses make big money each year in the US
D. small businesses have advantages over big companies
答案: B指导：从最后一段可知此答案。
************************************************************结束
Passage*****典型例题
Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive (存活) if the rain is spread throughout the year. If it falls within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.
Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.
There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing--very, very slowly--as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.
Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that have adapted to life in the deserr. During the heat of the day, a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.
1. Many plants may survive in deserts when_______.
A. the rain is spread out in a year
B. the rain falls only in a few weeks
C. there is little rain in a year
D. it is dry all the year round .
答案: A 指导：通过第一段内容可推出，此外作为中学生都应该有这样的常识，这题应是一个送分题。
2. Sand dunes are formed when_______.
A. sand piles up gradually
B. there is plenty of rain in a year
C. the sea has dried up over the years
D. pieces of rock get smaller
答案: A 指导：第二段第二句给出了明确答案。
3. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that in a desert there is_______.
A. too much sand
B. more sand than before
C. nothing except sand
D. something else besides sand
答案: D 指导：首先理解画线句子中的more．．．than(与……相比多于，不只是)，然后根据本段其他句子进行推断。划线部分在本段是topic sentence，其他的句子是supporting sentence. 如果不明白主题句，可从支撑句中去推断，反之也是如此。
4. It can be learned from the text that in a desert_______.
A. there is no rainfall throughout the year
B. life exists in rough conditions
C. all sand dunes are a few feet high
D. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat
答案： B 指导：文章最后一段介绍了一些生活在严酷环境的沙漠中的生物情况。
***********************************************************结束
Passage 3***(西城质检)
Among various programmes, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one is different in style (风格) ? But no two shows are more opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Gprah Winfrey shows.
Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "rubbish talk". The contents on his show are as surprising as can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show titles of love, sex, cheating and hate, to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people's lives.
Like jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show is mainly about the improvement of society and difference, quality (质量) of life. Contents are from teaching your children les- sons, managing your work week to getting to know your neighbours.
Cormpared to Oprah, the jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.
Clear as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main viewers are middle class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and ability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society. These are 18to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life include love, rela- tionship, sex, money and drug. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show's exploitation.
1. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are _______.
A. more interesting B. unusually popular
C. more detailed D. more formal
答案: B 指导：由文章第二段最后一句可知B正确。
2. Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear unpleasant, people who watch the shows _______.
A. remain interested in them
B. are ready to face up to them
C. remain cold to them
D. are willing to get away from them
答案: A 指导：由第二段的最后一句“… yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people's lives"和文章的最后一句 "They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show's exploitation'可知A正确。
3. Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the oprah Winfrey show?
A. A new type of robot. B. Nation hatred (恨).
C. Family income planning. D. Street accident.
答案: C 指导：由文中第三段第二、三句”The show is mainly about the improvement of society and difference,quality of life Contents are from teaching your children lessons, managing your work week to getting to know your neighhors"故C正确。
4. We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_______.
A. have become the only ones of its kind
B. exploit the weaknesses in human nature
C. appear at different times of the day
D. attract different people
答案：D 指导：由文章最后两段“clear as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main viewers are middle Americans"和"Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society,' 可在这两个节目吸引不同的人群。
**********************************************************结束
高考最新热门题
****典型例题
Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile isand, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles west of its nearest neighour, ST. Helena,and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discov- ered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将)of the same name in 15典型例题settled in 1810, the isand belongs to Great Britain and has a population of few hundred.
Coming in a close second--and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant land--is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor, Pitcairn Island, and 2,300 miles west of South America.
The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around ther 5th century, supposedly by people who were lost at sea. They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures, called moai, for which the island is most famous.
On Easter Sunday, 1722, however, settlers from Holland moved in and gave the island its name. today, 2,000 people live on the Chilean territory(智利领土). They share one street, a small airport, and a few hours of television per day.
1. It can be learned from the text that the island of tristan da Cunha_______.
A. was named after its discoverer
B. got its name from Holland settlers
C. was named by the British govenment
D. got its name from the Guinness Book of Records
2. Wich of the following is most famous for moai?
A. Tristan da Cunha. B. Pitcairn Island
C. Easter Island. D. St. Helena.
3. Which country does Easter Island belong to?
A. Britain. B. Hollland.
C. Portugal. D. Chile
命题目的与解题技巧：本文的命题目的考查学生推理判断能力。做这类题的技巧在于：首先在原文中找到据以推理的有关文字部分，借助于一些常识，然后加以分析推理，最终作出判断。
解析：本文介绍了TristandaCunha岛的来历，地理位置及人们的生活状况。
答案：1．A 这是一道推断题。从第一段第三句，这小岛名字是以岛屿发现者的名字来命名的。
2．C 这理一道细节推断题，可从第二段、第三段，尤其是第三段第二句找到，Easterlsland(复活节岛)是智利在南太平洋上的一个小岛。
3．D 这是一道细节推断题，可从第四段找到。请留意该段中的On Easter Sunday(在复活节上)，暗示了Easter Island (复活节岛)。此外，该段有on the Chilean territory(智利领土)的字样，就很容易判断出该哪一个答案了。
***************************************************结束
Passage ****典型例题
Who is there among us who hasn't dreamed of having his or her own small ( maybe, several years later, even big) business, and having wonderful freedom, both from a boss and from the time clock: the freedom to make up our own rules for our work, and our own plans--arranging our own hours of work? That way work would be both painless and fun. Or, so we imagine.
Well, in fact it isn't quite as simple as that. Yes, it is true that being the boss has its satisfactions and that you can arrange your working hours freely if you own your own small business. But in those early years of starting your own business, you shouldn't think of a free day, not to mention flying off for a month's vacation. It is not unusual for new business owners to work seventy or eighty hours a week, and if there is a day off, that day might need to be devoted to accounting(算账).
But this negative picture doesn't destroy the beautiful hopes. The possibility of getting something wonderful in return--both material and mental--continues to drive that large number of people who start up small businesses each year in the United States.
1. From the first paragraph, we know that everybedy bopes_______.
A. to rule others
B. to be his or her own boss
C. to get a time clock
D. to be free from work
答案: B指导：从第一段可得知。
2. Most new business owners have to_______.
A. work more than 10 hours a day
B. devote himself to accounting
C. fly to some places in the world
D. have a day off in a week
答案: A 从句中“h is not unusual for new business owners to works eventy or eighty hours a week"可知一天工作十多个小时。
3. The expression "negative picture" nxet probably means_______.
A. a terrible experience
B. a poor picture
C. limited freedom
D. unpleasant situations
答案: D指导：根据第二段可知negmive picture means unpleasant situations．
4. The beautiful hopes will never be destroyed because_______.
A. people love beautiful things by nature
B. people have a strong desire to seek personal gains
C. small businesses make big money each year in the US
D. small businesses have advantages over big companies
答案: B指导：从最后一段可知此答案。
************************************************************结束
Passage*****典型例题
Deserts are found where there is little rainfall or where rain for a whole year falls in only a few weeks' time. Ten inches of rain may be enough for many plants to survive (存活) if the rain is spread throughout the year. If it falls within one or two months and the rest of the year is dry, those plants may die and a desert may form.
Sand begins as tiny pieces of rock that get smaller and smaller as wind and weather wear them down. Sand dunes (沙丘) are formed as winds move the sand across the desert. Bit by bit, the dunes grow over the years, always moving with the winds and changing the shape. Most of them are only a few feet tall, but they can grow to be several hundred feet high.
There is, however, much more to a desert than sand. In the deserts of the southwestern United States, cliffs (悬崖) and deep valleys were formed from thick mud that once lay beneath a sea more than millions of years ago. Over the centuries, the water dried up. Wind, sand, rain, heat and cold all wore away at the remaining rocks. The faces of the desert mountains are always changing--very, very slowly--as these forces of nature continue to work on the rock.
Most deserts have a surprising variety of life. There are plants, animals and insects that have adapted to life in the deserr. During the heat of the day, a visitor may see very few signs of living things, but as the air begins to cool in the evening, the desert comes to life. As the sun begins to rise again in the sky, the desert once again becomes quiet and lonely.
1. Many plants may survive in deserts when_______.
A. the rain is spread out in a year
B. the rain falls only in a few weeks
C. there is little rain in a year
D. it is dry all the year round .
答案: A 指导：通过第一段内容可推出，此外作为中学生都应该有这样的常识，这题应是一个送分题。
2. Sand dunes are formed when_______.
A. sand piles up gradually
B. there is plenty of rain in a year
C. the sea has dried up over the years
D. pieces of rock get smaller
答案: A 指导：第二段第二句给出了明确答案。
3. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that in a desert there is_______.
A. too much sand
B. more sand than before
C. nothing except sand
D. something else besides sand
答案: D 指导：首先理解画线句子中的more．．．than(与……相比多于，不只是)，然后根据本段其他句子进行推断。划线部分在本段是topic sentence，其他的句子是supporting sentence. 如果不明白主题句，可从支撑句中去推断，反之也是如此。
4. It can be learned from the text that in a desert_______.
A. there is no rainfall throughout the year
B. life exists in rough conditions
C. all sand dunes are a few feet high
D. rocks are worn away only by wind and heat
答案： B 指导：文章最后一段介绍了一些生活在严酷环境的沙漠中的生物情况。
***********************************************************结束
Passage 3***(西城质检)
Among various programmes, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one is different in style (风格) ? But no two shows are more opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Gprah Winfrey shows.
Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of "rubbish talk". The contents on his show are as surprising as can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show titles of love, sex, cheating and hate, to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people's lives.
Like jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show is mainly about the improvement of society and difference, quality (质量) of life. Contents are from teaching your children les- sons, managing your work week to getting to know your neighbours.
Cormpared to Oprah, the jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society. Jerry ends every show with a "final word". He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.
Clear as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main viewers are middle class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and ability to deal with life's tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society. These are 18to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life include love, rela- tionship, sex, money and drug. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show's exploitation.
1. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are _______.
A. more interesting B. unusually popular
C. more detailed D. more formal
答案: B 指导：由文章第二段最后一句可知B正确。
2. Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear unpleasant, people who watch the shows _______.
A. remain interested in them
B. are ready to face up to them
C. remain cold to them
D. are willing to get away from them
答案: A 指导：由第二段的最后一句“… yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people's lives"和文章的最后一句 "They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show's exploitation'可知A正确。
3. Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the oprah Winfrey show?
A. A new type of robot. B. Nation hatred (恨).
C. Family income planning. D. Street accident.
答案: C 指导：由文中第三段第二、三句”The show is mainly about the improvement of society and difference,quality of life Contents are from teaching your children lessons, managing your work week to getting to know your neighhors"故C正确。
4. We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_______.
A. have become the only ones of its kind
B. exploit the weaknesses in human nature
C. appear at different times of the day
D. attract different people
答案：D 指导：由文章最后两段“clear as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show's main viewers are middle Americans"和"Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society,' 可在这两个节目吸引不同的人群。
**********************************************************结束
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