2022年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：专题一 名词（38张ppt）

(共38张PPT)
专题一　名词
总结与预测：从近五年江西中考来看，名词是每年的必考点，对名词的直接考查体现在单项填空和完形填空两大题型中，这两大题型主要考查对特定语境的理解能力及对名词的选择和运用能力。单项填空和完形A主要考查根据语境的理解去辨析名词词义；完形B主要考查名词的原形和名词的复数形式。
名词词义辨析
(必考，单项填空、完形填空A考查)
[考点抢测]
单项填空
1．(2021·江西中考)Your leg looks really bad! I think you should send for a about that.
A．pilot B． doctor
C．singer D．postman
B
2．(2020· 贵州省安顺中考)—Tara，what's your favorite ？
—Orange. Half of my dresses are orange.
A．fruit
B． drink
C．color
C
3．(2020· 贵州省铜仁中考)—To keep our city clean and beautiful，the
are always very busy in the street.
—They should be respected by all the people.
A．drivers B． postmen
C．firemen D．cleaners
D
4．(2020· 江苏省苏州中考)I don't care how many words there are in your article，but the of it really matters.
A．ability B． size
C．quality D．energy
C
[考点剖析]
在单项填空(必考1题)和完形填空A(考查2～4题)中对名词辨析的考查，主要以语境辨析和近义词辨析为主，侧重考查对语境的理解。
一、语境辨析
分析江西中考近几年单项填空、完形填空，其中名词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查，同时较少涉及单复数和固定搭配。学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中的关键信息，并分析各个选项的意思，结合生活常识及语境，即可选出正确答案。学生可结合《分类速记手册》中“话题词汇表”进行复习，对于教材中常见的固定搭配也要熟练掌握。
二、近义词辨析
近义名词在江西中考中没有涉及，老师可在以下所列常见近义名词的基础上进行适当补充。
1．family，home，house与room
2．noise，sound与voice
3．question与problem
4．work与job
5．message，information与news
6．village与countryside
7．clothes，cloth与clothing
8．photo，picture与drawing
9．population与people
10．road，street，path与way
11．exercise，exercises与practice
12．class与lesson
13．country，nation，state与land
14．police与policeman
15．trip，journey，travel与tour
名词的数
(必考，完形填空B考查)
[考点抢测]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2020· 四川省达州市中考)—It's said that the two doctors have just come back from Wuhan.
—Yeah，I know them. They are both already in their .
A．woman；sixty B． women；sixtieth
C．women；sixties D．woman；sixties
C
2．(2020· 四川省凉山中考)It's dangerous for us to give too much ____
about ourselves on the Internet.
A．messages B． suggestions
C．preparation D．information
D
3．Several are talking under the tree，and their are playing balls on the beach.
A．woman；children B． women；child
C．woman；child D．women；children
D
4．How many are there in your class
A．Japanese B． American
C．Canadian D．Australian
A
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．More and more (foreign) come to visit China.
2．(易错易混题)For lunch，I'd like some (tomato) and ____ (fish)．
3．How many times do you brush your (tooth) every day
4．Parents should not push their (child) too hard and should talk to them more.
foreigners
tomatoes
fish
teeth
children
5．All the (family) are having a great time visiting Dali.
6．It is one of the most popular cartoon (film) and it has won the hearts of many people.
7．(江西特色背景题)Ruijin was one of the starting (place) of the Red Army Long March.
8．(教材改编)Today there are already (robot) working in factories.
families
films
places
robots
9．(易错题)We have many specials today，like mutton and ______ (carrot) noodles.
10．It's sunny today. Wear your (sunglass) to protect your eyes from the sun.
11．In autumn, I like to watch the (leaf) falling from the tree.
12．(易错题)All the (woman) teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday.
carrot
sunglasses
leaves
women
[考点剖析]
一、名词的分类
类型 用法 例词
专有名词 表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词 Alice，Canada，the Great Wall
类型 用法 例词
普通
名词 可数
名词 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物的词 book，desk，table，bike，plane
集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的词 family，class，police，team，group
不可数
名词 物质名词 表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词 glass，water，air，paper，wood
抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词 danger，health，love，success，interest
二、可数名词单复数变化规律
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加 s cap→caps；dog→dogs；bike→bikes；driver→drivers
以字母s，sh，ch，x等结尾 加 es bus→buses；wish→wishes；watch→watches；box→boxes
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i，再加 es lady→ladies；century→centuries；family→families；story→stories
情况 构成方法 例词
以f或fe结尾 一般变f、fe为v，再加 es leaf→leaves；life→lives；half→halves；knife→knives
以o结尾 o前为辅音音素时加 es，
o前为元音音素时加 s tomato→tomatoes；hero→heroes；potato→potatoes；radio→radios；zoo→zoos；例外：photo→photos；piano→pianos
三、常见不可数名词归纳及用法
1．常见的不可数名词
物质名词 食物 bread(面包)，meat(肉)，cheese(奶酪)
液体 milk(牛奶)，water(水)，wine(酒)，oil(油)
自然物体 soil(土壤)，sand(沙子)，wood(木头)
抽象名词 情感 joy(高兴)，friendship(友情)，peace(和平)
语言 Chinese(汉语), English(英语), French(法语)
学科 math(数学)，geography(地理)(2018、T47), physics(物理)，chemistry(化学)
概念 population人口，knowledge知识
其他 time(时间)(2015、T42)，money(金钱)(2015、T43)，weather(天气)，information(信息)(2019、T59)，knowledge(知识)，news(新闻；消息)
2.不可数名词量化的表示
不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block of一块，a bottle of一瓶，a group of一群，a pair of一副(双)，a piece of一片(张、块)，a pile of一堆。
短语a pair(piece)of＋复数名词或不可数名词作主语时，中心词是pair(piece)，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是two pairs(pieces)of＋复数名词或不可数名词作主语，中心词是two pairs(pieces)，谓语动词用复数。
3．可数与不可数名词易混归纳
exercise(锻炼)→exercises(练习；体操)
work(工作)→works(著作)
glass(玻璃)→a glass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸)→a paper(报纸；证件；试卷)
room(空间)→a room(房间)
life(生活)(2018、T53)→seven lives(生命)
名词所有格
(近五年未考，仅作了解)
[考点抢测]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．After walking for more than half an hour，we decided to take _____ rest.
A．a few minute's B． a few minutes'
C．a little minute's D．a little minutes'
B
2．— bookcase is this
—It must be .
A．Who's；Tom B． Who's；Tom's
C．Whose；Tom's D．Whose；Tom
C
3．—Do you know Mr.Brown
—Of course，he's really a humorous man and he's .
A．one friend of my father
B．one of my father's friend
C．one friend of my father's
D．my father's friends
C
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．After three (week) holiday，we came back to work.
2．Please tell me the (win) telephone number. I want to interview him.
3．It is only ten (minute) walk from my home to school，so I usually go to school on foot.
weeks'
winner's
minutes'
[考点剖析]
一、of 所有格的用法
of 所有格主要用于表示无生命名词的所属关系， 其结构为“of＋名词”。如：
the use of the paper 这张纸的使用
二、's名词所有格的用法
类型 构成 例词
单数名词 一般在词尾加 's Jack's book 杰克的书
复数名词 以s结尾的加 ' Teachers' Day 教师节
不以s结尾的加 's Children's Day 儿童节
三、双重所有格的用法
构成 例句
of＋ 's He is a friend of my brother's.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。
of＋名词性物主代词 Is she a daughter of yours？她是你的女儿吗？
of＋one's own He is very independent.He always has ideas of his own.他很独立。他总是有他自己的想法。
双重所有格与一般所有格的表意有所不同。如：
This is a picture of Ms.Wang's.这是王女士持有的一张照片。(照片上可能不是王女士)
This is a picture of Ms.Wang.这是王女士的照片。(照片上是王女士本人)
名词填空
(必考，完形填空B考查)
[考点抢测]
选词填空(注意形式变化)
1．My uncle is a(n) ，and he plays an important role in the concert.
pianist
2．That gave away a lot of useful things to the poor village.
3．The sells many English dictionaries. You can choose one you need.
4．That sounds rather simple，but in it's very difficult.
artist
bookstore
fact
5．We have many other to pay besides coins and paper money.
6．Both he and his father are ，which is the pride of his family.
7．These on the wall can not only decorate our home，but also remind us of our beautiful memories.
ways
policemen
photos