2022年中考语法复习定语从句课件（81张ppt）

(共81张PPT)
语法之定语从句
学习目标
Course Objectives
掌握中考题型-定语从句的用法
目录
Catalog
1. 掌握定语从句的概念
2. 掌握定语从句的先行词
3. 掌握定语从句关系代词的用法
4. 掌握定语从句关系副词的用法
Lead-in
Lead-in
Lead-in
Lead-in
Lead-in
Lead-in
一、定语
用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词。
Lead-in
二、定语位置
定语前置
He is a clever boy.
They are building a stone bridge.
There are 54 students in our class.
定语后置
The boy with glasses is my brother.
I have something important.
PART 02
Presentation
三、什么是定语从句？
担任定语功能的从句称为定语从句。
定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
The boy (who is good) is silly.
I am a person (who can't stand being made fun of) .
四、例句解析
关系词（指人）
↑
例1. Do you know the boy （who is singing on the stage）
↓ ↓
先行词 （人） 定语从句
关系词作用：1.引导定语从句
2.在定语从句中充当成分（主语）
关系词（指物）
↑
例2. This is the work (that my father designed).
↓ ↓
先行词（物） 定语从句
关系词作用：1.引导定语从句
2.在定语从句中充当成分（宾语）
关系词（指人）
↑
例3. He doesn't seem to be the man (that he used to be).
↓ ↓
先行词（人） 定语从句
关系词作用：1.引导定语从句
2.在定语从句中充当成分（表语）
关系词（指人的）
↑
例4. The man( whose son studies hard) likes telling jokes.
↓ ↓
先行词（人） 定语从句
关系词作用：1.引导定语从句
2.在定语从句中充当成分（定语）
关系词（指地点）
↑
例5. Let's find a place （where we play football）.
↓ ↓
先行词（地点） 定语从句
关系词作用：1.引导定语从句
2.在定语从句中充当成分（状语）
五、具体解析
1. 先行词
定义：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词，先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。
Do you know the boy （who is singing on the stage）
This is the museum (that my father designed).
He doesn't seem to be the man (that he used to be).
Let's find a place （where we play football）
The man( whose son studies hard) likes telling jokes.
2. 关系词
定义：引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。
关系词作用：1.引导定语从句
2.在定语从句中充当成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语）
Do you know the boy （who is singing on the stage）
This is the museum (that my father designed).
He doesn't seem to be the man (that he used to be).
Let's find a place （where we play football）
The man( whose son studies hard) likes telling jokes.
关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词 关系副词
that
who
whom
which
whose when
where
why
关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词 功能 先行词
that/who/whom 作主语、宾语、表语 人
that/which 作主语、宾语、表语 物
whose 作定语 人、物
when 作状语 时间
where 作状语 地点
why 作状语 reason
(1)关系代词 who 的用法
指人。
who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语
例：She is the girl who I met at the party.
You should thank people who supported you.
(2)关系代词 whom 的用法
指人。
whom 在定语从句中作宾语。
若前面带介词，则必须用宾语的whom,即 介词+whom.
例： She is the girl whom I met at the party.
She is the girl with whom I went there.
课堂练习
1. John invited about 40 people to his party, most of ____ are classmates.
A them B that C which D whom
2. Can you tell me anything about my son ___ you’ve know
A. what B. which C. whom D. when
课堂练习
3.The letter is from my sister ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
用who/whom 填空
4. The teacher is talking to the students_______ are reading in the classroom.
5.The girl _______you talked with just now is my sister.
答案
1.D
2.C
3.D
4.who
5.whom
(3)关系代词which 的用法
指物。
在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
例：The train which has just left is for Shenzhen.
Do you know the book which I am reading
课堂练习
1.—Only You is a TV program _____ is popular with most young people.
—Yes, it is definitely true.
A. which B. whose C. what D. who
2.The silk _______ is made in Hangzhou sells well.
A. which B.who C. what D. /
课堂练习
3.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
4.QQ is a tool_____is mainly used for peopleto talk to others online.
A. which B.who C. what D. /
5. I found the information about the scientists ______I can use for the report.
A. which B.who C. what D. /
答案
1.A
2.A
3.A
4.A
5.A
(4)关系代词that 的用法
that 指人或物
作主语、宾语、表语。作宾语或表语时可省略
先行词前有介词不用that
例：Do you know the boy that is singing on the stage
This is the museum that my father designed.
He doesn't seem to be the man that he used to be.
课堂练习
1.I really like the family photo __________ we took on my grandpa’ s 80th birthday.
A. who B. that C. what D. whose
2.I do not like people ____don't help others when they are in trouble.
A. whom B. that C. what D. whose
3.I expected to see the film_______won the Oscars.
A. who B. that C. what D. whose
课堂练习
4.The man _______came to see me yesterday is my brother.
A. whom B. that C. what D. whose
5.Friends are those _____make you smile and always open their hearts to you.
A. whom B. that C. what D. whose
答案
1.B
2.B
3.B
4.B
5.B
关系代词只适合用that 的情况
1. 先行词有形容词最高级修饰时。
Chinese is the most difficult subject that you will learn .
2. 先行词有序数词修饰时。
He was the second that gave us some useful advice .
3. 主句为who或者which引导的特殊疑问句时。
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting
4. 先行词即有人又有物时。
例：Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about
5. 先行词是all,much ,like ,something ,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one 等代词。
例：You should hand in all that you have.
关系代词只适合用that 的情况
6. 先行词前面有only,any ,few ,little,no ,all ,one of ,the same,the very,等词修饰时
例：The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
7. 有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which ,另外一个只用that.
例：Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
关系代词只适合用that 的情况
课堂练习
1.—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？
—It’s the most popular play ______ shows our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败).
A.where B.which C.that D.who
2.Happiness is not getting all_____you want.It is all about enjoy what you have.
A.where B.which C.that D.who
课堂练习
3.It is the only word____I don't know in the article.
4.This is the best film_____I have ever seen.
5.He was the first____gave me useful advice.
答案
1.C
2.C
3.that
4.that
5.that
(5)关系代词whose 的用法
指人的，指物的
在定语从句中作定语。
whose =the +名词+of +which
whose =the +名词+of +whom
做题技巧：当先行词有引导词后名词为所属关系，可以翻译为......的时选whose
例：You're the person whose advice he might listen to.(whose=the advice of whom)
I’d like a room whose window overlooks the sea.(whose=the window of which)
课堂练习
1.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
2. Uncle Wang _____office we have passed is a lawyer.
3.The house ______door is broken is my uncle's.
答案
1.D
2.whose
3.whose
(6)关系副词where的用法
先行词是表示地点词
作状语
where=介词+which
例：This is the house where I was born.
This is the house in which I was born.
课堂练习
1.Yesterday Li Ming went to the village ______his family lived ten years ago.
A. when B. which C. where D. that
2.This is the factory ____his father works.
答案
1.C
2.where
先行词主要是表示时间的词
作状语
when=介词+which
例：I’ll never forget the time when we first met.
I’ll never forget the time at which we first met.
(7)关系副词when的用法
课堂练习
1.I still remember the year____we graduated from No.8 Middle School.
A.where B.which C.when D.who
2.There came a day ____the rain fell at last.
3.I will never forget the day_____we worked together.
答案
1.C
2.when
3.when
经常用在先行词reason之后
作状语
why=for+which
例：The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.
(8)关系副词why的用法
课堂练习
1.We don't know the reason _____he was sick.
A.where B.which C.why D.who
2.That is the reason ______he was late for school this morning.
答案
1.C
2.why
六、关系代词的省略
一般情况下that、which、whom作宾语可省略，以下情况除外
1.关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词置于关系代词前
例：I will never forget the day on which I joined the army.
2.that、which、who在从句中做主语时不能省略
例：Who is the boy that is talking with you.
关系代词是否可省略
1.This is the place _____I have ever visited.
2.He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.
3.This is the house _______ I want to buy.
课堂练习
答案
1.that/which/省略
2.that/which/省略
3.that/which/省略
This is the countryside that / which I visited. (visit为及物动词缺宾语)
这就是我参观过的农村。
This is the countryside where I was born.（was born 是被动，不缺宾语，作状语）
这就是我出生的农村。
练一练：
1. This is the hotel ________ we visited last year.
2. This is the hotel _________ Lincoln once lived.
七、关系代词和关系副词的区别
关系代词和关系副词的区别做题技巧
1.先成分，动词为及物动词选关系代词，动词为不及物动词选关系副词
2.再翻译。
1. (主句)This is the hotel (从句) which we visited last year.
2. (主句)This is the hotel (从句) where Lincoln once lived.
Which为visited的宾语
Where做从句的地点状语
visited the hotel
lived in the hotel
课堂练习
1.That is the school______we studied three years ago.
2.That is the school______we visited three years ago.
3.I will never forget the days _____ I worked in the countryside.
4.I will never forget the days _____I spent in the countryside.
答案
1.where
2.which/that
3.when
4.which/that
八、定语从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词在单复数上保持一致。 如果“one of +复数名词”后跟有定语从句，一般情况下“one of”后的复数名词为先行词，但当one前有the only, the very, just the修饰时，先行词则为one，谓语动词用单数形式。
例：He is one of the students who drive to school every day.
他是每天开车去上学的学生之一。
He is the only one of the students who drives to school every day.
他是唯一一个每天开车去上学的学生。
总结：定语从句解题秘籍
三看原则
一、一看指人还是物
二、二看句中作何用
三、三看是否属特殊
课堂练习
一、单项选择
1. Tommy couldn’t stop thinking about the boy ____________ made him a fool in the whole of class.
A. whom B. which C. what D. who
2.—Which is your new neighbor, Liu Hua
—The man _____________ T-shirt is red.
A. that B. who C. which D. whose
3.—Have you seen the documentary named ABite of China (《 舌尖上的中国》)
—Yeah! It’s the most funny one _____________ I have ever seen.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
课堂练习
4. Being blind is something __________________ most people can’t imagine.
A. who B. what C. that D. whom
5. “Underground” is the only word in the English language _____________ begins and ends with the letters “und”.
A. what B. that C. who D. whom
6. —What kind of movies do you like
—I like movies ________________ scary monsters.
A.which has B. that have C. what has D. why have
课堂练习
7. He said ___________ the man ____________ had robbed the bank had long hair．
A. who; who B. who; that C. that; who D. that; which
8. Mr. Smith ________ is smoking is looking for ________ he lost yesterday.
A. whom; which B. who; what C. that; who D. which; where
9. Do you know the man _____________
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
10. This is one of the best films ________________.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
课堂练习
11.—In a text message, 88 means Bye-bye.
—And another example is F2F _______________ stands for faceto face.
A. that B. who C. whom D. it
12. After Mandela was free (自由的) in 1990, he chose to shake hands with the people
______________ wanted to kill him.
A. whose B. which C. / D. who
13. A Wechat (微信) is an invention ____________ can help people talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feeling freely.
A. which B. who C. whose D. /
课堂练习
14. A friend is someone _______________ says, “What! You too I thought I was the only one!”
A. who B. which C. that D. whose
15. I still remember the college and the teachers ______________ I visited in London years ago.
A. what B. who C. that D. which
16. I like the cartoon _______________ has a happy ending and makes me ____________.
A. which; to laugh B. that; to laugh
C. whose; laughing D. which; laugh 1
课堂练习
17. A graduation ceremony is a custom _______takes place _______ students graduate from a school.
A. which; when B. that; who　　 C. which; whose D. that; which
18. People _____overweight need more water than thin people.
A. who is B. which are C. that is D. who are
19.Happiness isn't getting all____you want.
A.that B. what C. who D. which
课堂练习
20. —Class, you should be thankful to those people _____ helped and supported you.
—We will, Miss Chen.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
21. She has a teenager granddaughter about my age ________ is really kind.
A. who B. which C. where D. /
22.—What are you looking for
—I' m looking for the dictionary ______ you lent me last week.
A. who B what C. that D when
课堂练习
23. The students were all interested ________________ you told them yesterday.
A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything
24. He has lost the key to the drawer _______________ the papers are kept.
A. where B. in that C. under which D. which
25. The hotel _______________ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at
C. we stayed D. in that we stayed
课堂练习
26.— What do you think of the show Readers on CCTV
—It’s a great TV show _______ expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public.
A. whom B. who C. whose D. that
27. —What kind of teachers do you like, John
—I like the teachers _____are friendly to us.
A. which B. whose C. who
28. —In the program The Singer in 2018, I like Hua Chenyu most.
—Yes. He is the singer _______ won the first prize of Happy Boy’s Voice in 2013.
A. what B. which C. who
课堂练习
29.—Only You is a TV program______ is popular with most young people.
—Yes, it is definitely true.
A. that B. whose C. what D. who
30.Yuan Longping is a Chinese rice scientist ________ is leading a research to develop “sea rice”.
A. who B. which C. whom
31.Danny met a famous astronaut _______was the first Canadian astronaut in space.
A.which B.what C.whose D.who
课堂练习
32.—I hear that Lucy’s uncle is a worker here.
—Yes. Look, the man _____ is working over there is her uncle.
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
33.—Have you watched the TV play “In the Name of People”(人民的名义)？
—It’s the most popular play ______ our Party’s trying to struggle against corruption(反对腐败).
A.where show B.which show C.that shows D.who shows
34. My grandparents like stories ________ have happy endings.
A. they B. who C. which D. /
课堂练习
35. People are talking about the old houses ________ Jackie Chan bought in Anhui twenty years ago.
A. which B. where C. who D. when
36. Yesterday Li Ming went to the village _____ his family lived ten years ago.
A. when B. which C. where D. that
37. Don’t forget the time ___________ I’ve told you.
A. that B. when C. in which D. what
课堂练习
38. I still remember the time _________ we spent together at Xisai Mountain last year.
A. when B. what C. who D. which
39. This is the house _______ I lived two years ago.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
40. Success will belong to those ________ never say “impossible”.
A. whom B. what C. who D. which
课堂练习
Ⅱ. 句型转换，每空一词
1. I can never forget the day when we worked together. (改为同义句)
I can never forget the day ______ _______we worked together.
2. This is the hotel where they stayed. (改为同义句)
This is the hotel ______ ______ they stayed.
3. The girl who is wearing the red coat is very clever．(同义句)
The girl ______ the red coat is very clever.
课堂练习
4. She spoke to the woman. The woman is my mother. (改为含定语从句的复合句)
The woman _______ _______ she spoke is my mother.
5. This is the reason for which he didn’t come to the meeting. (改为同义句)
This is the reason _______ he didn’t come to the meeting.
答案
一、单项选择
1-5 DDACB 6-10 BCBCA
11-15 ADAAC 16-20 DADBC
21-25 ACCAA 26-30 DCCAA
31-35 DBCCA 36-40 CADBC
二、句型转换
1.that/who has 2.that/which;was
3.which/that has 4.who/that walked
5.that
PART 03
Summary
Summary