2022年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：专题五 介词和介词短语（38张ppt）

(共38张PPT)
专题五　介词和介词短语
总结与预测：从近五年江西中考来看，对介词的考查体现在完形填空中，重点考查学生在特定语境中对介词和介词短语用法的掌握情况。
介词
(2017考，完形填空B考查)
[考点抢测]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2020·北京)Usually I make breakfast for my family Saturdays.
A．At B． in
C．on D．to
C
2．(2020·贵州省安顺市) January 25，the President told the public that nothing matters more than people's safety and health.
A．From
B． On
C．In
B
3．(2020·贵州黔西南州)The children here improve their English _____
listening and speaking every day.
A．on B． through
C．with D．by
D
4．—Can you come to my party this evening
—Sorry，I can't. I have to prepare my exams.
A．of B． for
C．about D．with
B
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．There are many good apples the tree.
2．The man blue gets up six the morning and goes to bed __
ten at night weekdays.
on
in
at
in
at
on
3．Does he have lunch home
4．The man duty is reading a book about medicine the desk.
5．In the twins' bedroom，the windows the wall are very big，but the pictures the wall are not very new.
at
on
on
in
on
[考点剖析]
一、时间介词的辨析和用法
1．at，on与in
介词 用法 举例
at 时间的某一时刻，即：具体的“点” at half past ten在十点半
某个节日期间(不仅仅是当天) at the Spring Festival在春节
介词 用法 举例
at 习惯用法和固定搭配 at last在最后　at first起初
at lunch在午饭时间
at noon在中午
at night在晚上
at the age of在……岁时
at the end of在……最后
介词 用法 举例
on 表示具体的某日(月份或星期) on September 1st 在9月1日
on Monday/weekdays在星期一/工作日
表示某个特定的上午、下午、晚上 on Friday morning在周五早上
on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨
具体(限定)的日子或节日的当天 on National Day在国庆节
on Children's Day在儿童节
介词 用法 举例
in 较长的一段时间(如：世纪、年代、季节、月份等) in the 21st century在21世纪
in 2009在2009年
in summer在夏季
in July of 2015在2015年7月
介词 用法 举例
in 泛指在下午、白天等 in the afternoon/day在下午/白天
固定搭配 in the future在将来
in the end最后
in class在课堂上
in a minute很快，立即
2.in，after与before
介词 用法 例句
in “in＋时间段”表示“(将来)……以后” They will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。
after 与将来时连用表示“……之后”，后接时间点 He'll come back after two o'clock.他两点后将回来。
介词 用法 例句
after 与过去时连用表示“……之后”，后接时间段 He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从美国返回了。
before 表示“在……之前” Wash hands before dinner.饭前要洗手。
二、地点、方位介词的辨析和用法
1．at，in与on
介词 用法 举例
at 用于较小的场所前(如：建筑物，公共机关等) at home在家
at the station在车站
用于门牌号码前 at 403 Avenue Street在林荫街道403号
介词 用法 举例
in 用于较大的地方前(如：国家、城市、乡镇、地域等) in the city在城市
in Guilin在桂林
in China在中国
在周围的环境是立体的地方 in a forest在森林里
in the classroom在教室里
介词 用法 举例
in 用于某些习语中 in the sky在天空中
in space在空间
on 与……表面相接触 on the floor在地板上
在任何广阔的面上 on the farm/moon在农场/月球上
2.over，under，above与below
介词 用法 图示 例句
over “在……正上方”，表示两者不接触 We can build a bridge over the river.我们可以在河上建一座桥。
under “在……正下方”，表示两者不接触 My cat is lying under the chair.我的猫正躺在椅子下面。
介词 用法 图示 例句
above “在……的上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定与正中间垂直 The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云层上飞行。
below “在……的下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定与正中间垂直 The coat reaches below the knees.那件大衣盖过膝盖。
三、方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法
介词 用法 例句
with 接工具，表 “借助于，用”；接人称代词时表示“和……一起”，作状语，表示伴随；with还可表示“带有，具有” I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。
介词 用法 例句
in 表示用某种语言、墨水、颜色、颜料等，名词前不加冠词 Can you say it in English？你能用英语说吗？
Please write it in ink.请用墨水把它写下来。
介词 用法 例句
by 表示某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词 This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。
on 表示借助、通过某一器械、机器，名词前一般加定冠词the I could do all my work on the computer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。
四、其他常见介词的用法
1．over “遍及；超过”，如：
There are over two hundred people in the park.公园里有两百多人。
My friends are over the world.我的朋友遍天下。
2．against “反对”，如：
He's dead against the idea.他坚决反对这个想法。
3．into “在……里”，如：
Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.怀特先生面带笑容走进了教室。
4．from “从……”，如：
We're open from 8：00 a．m.to 7：00 p．m.every day.我们每天从早上8点营业至晚上7点。
5．for “为，给”，如：
Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。
6．of “……的”，如：
a map of China一幅中国地图
7．without “没有”，如：
He often goes to work without breakfast.他经常不吃早餐就去上班。
8．to “给；对；到；往”，如：
go to school上学；give a kite to me把风筝给我；from here to the park从这里到公园
介词短语
(2017、2015考，完形填空A考查)
[考点抢测]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2020·山东滨州市)—I think washing hands every day is good _____
our health.
—Yes，I agree you!
A．to；to B． with；to
C．for；with D．at；with
C
2．(2019·山西中考改编)—After the big exams，we can finally have a good rest.
—How I a chance to have a trip! I can't wait.
A．am worried about B． am thirsty for
C．am good at D．be afraid of
B
3．—I did some volunteer work traveling this year.
—You did a great job.
A．because of B． instead of
C．thanks to D．thanks for
B
4．Tom got up late this morning，but luckily he caught the school bus
.
A．in time B． in turn
C．on time D．at times
A
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Vegetables your health and you should eat more.
2．My classmates me. We are good friends.
3．Jack playing football.
4．Mrs. Wang the kids. She often makes them laugh loudly.
are good for
are good to
is good at
is good with
[考点剖析]
介词＋名词 at home在家里；at school在学校；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time同时；at times有时；at breakfast早餐时；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻
by bus乘公共汽车；by the time到……时候；by turns轮流；by mistake错误地；by the door在门口
in hospital住院；in the hospital在医院；in the end最后；in order整整齐齐；in no time很快就……；in the daytime在白天；in turn轮流；in time及时；in front在前方；in English用英语；in the future将来的某个时刻；in future (整个)将来；in fact事实上
介词＋名词 on the way在路上；on Sunday在星期天；on show展出；on display 陈列；on fire着火；on duty值日；on the other hand另一方面；on foot步行；on business出差；on board在船(飞机)上；on holiday在休假；on the telephone在接(打)电话；on time准时；on the left/ right 在左边/右边；on sale在出售/减价销售；on watch值班；on the earth在地球上
with pleasure很乐意；with one's help在某人的帮助下
be＋形容词＋介词 be amazed at对……感到惊讶；be angry with生(某人的)气；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于做……；be good at擅长于；be full of充满；be excited about对……感到兴奋；be kind to对……和善；be interested in对……感兴趣；be famous for因……而著名；be late for迟到；be popular with受……欢迎；be pleased with对……感到满意；be proud of对……感到骄傲；be ready for为……准备好；be satisfied with对……满意；be worried about为……担心
动词＋介词 agree with同意；ask for请求；begin with以……开始；come from出生，来自；call at探访；die of死于；get on/off上车/下车；fill...with用……装；fall off从……落下；hear from收到(某人)的信；hear of听说；look at看；go to bed去睡觉；go to school去上学；look for寻找；look after照顾；listen to听……讲话；pay for付钱；point to指向；point at指着；send for派人去叫；run across碰到；talk about谈论；think about考虑；wait for等候；write to写信给……；worry about担心；laugh at嘲笑；fall behind落在……后面；knock at敲
介词＋名词＋介词 at the foot of在……脚下；on the top of在……顶端；in the middle of在……中间；in the front of在……前面；in the east of在……东部；by means of借助；at the beginning of起初；by the end of到……为止；at the age of在……岁时；at the head of在……前头
其他 instead of而不是(2017、T46)；because of因为；由于(2015、T38)；thanks to由于；多亏