2022年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：专题八 动词及动词短语（共有PPT53张）

(共53张PPT)
专题八　动词及动词短语
总结与预测：从近五年江西中考来看，动词和动词短语是每年的必考点，单项填空、完形A和完形B都有涉及这个知识点。单项填空和完形A主要涉及实义动词和动词短语的词义辨析，完形B主要涉及动词的适当形式填空。
动词的分类及辨析
(必考，单项填空、完形填空A考查)
[考点抢测]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2021·江西中考) These beautiful animals are endangered. We must
them.
A．save B． show
C．stop D．catch
A
2．(2020·安徽中考)—Hi，Jill. I'd like to share with you the latest news about the height of Qomolangma.
—Really？Make sure the news is true before you it.
A．receive B． spread
C．cancel D．hear
B
3．(2020·泰州中考)—Song of Autumn by Liu Yuxi describes autumn in a different way.
—I agree. Most poets(诗人)describe this season to a feeling of sadness，but in Liu's eyes autumn is full of life and hope.
A．excuse B． express
C．expect D．explain
B
4．He was wearing a pair of sunglasses and I didn't him at first.
A．advise B． promise
C．recognize D．hear
C
5．—The little girl her seat to an old man on the bus.
—What a kind girl!
A．brought B． offered
C．gave D．lent
B
Ⅱ.用方框中所给词的适当形式填空
show　sad　write　difficult　since　courage　them　hard working　at　become
I like reading. I love many different kinds of books, because they not only open my mind but also give me 1. .
courage
Up to now I have read a lot of books, such as magazines, novels and storybooks. But one of the books that I like best is The Story of My Life. It was 2. by American writer Helen Keller in 1902. She was a blind, deaf and dumb person. In the book, she wrote that she had not been able to see, hear or speak 3. she was one year and seven months old. This unusual thing made her very 4. . Luckily, she met her good teacher, Miss Sullivan，5. the age of seven. Helen was getting
written
since
sad
at
happier every day. Then, Miss Sullivan helped her learn how to write English words. At first, Miss Sullivan wrote some words on Helen's hands with her own fingers again and again. Helen was a very 6.____________ girl. She tried as much as possible to remember words. After that, she wrote many famous works. The Story of My Life is one of 7. .
hard working
them
The Story of My life describes her hard struggle (奋斗) to 8._______ a good writer and educationist of the world.
It 9. us an important truth：Nothing is 10. if you put your heart into it! This is why I like it best. What about you
become
difficult
shows
[考点剖析]
动词按照含义及它们在句中的作用分为四类，即行为动词(也称实义动词)、(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。情态动词将在“专题九”中具体讲解。江西中考侧重于实义动词词义辨析的考查，偶尔也涉及实义动词形式变化。动词作为句子的核心成分，学生应重点掌握。
一、动词的分类和用法
动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
1．实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)；按是否具有延续性分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。
(1)及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach，ask，return，love，need。具体用法为：
①动词＋宾语。如：
He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。
②动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语。如：
They asked me to go fishing with them.他们让我一起去钓鱼。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。
注意：带省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语的常考动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。如：
I will return him the storybook.我准备把故事书还给他。
注意：带双宾语的常考动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，reach，return等。
(2)不及物动词
不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语＋谓语”的句型，如swim，come，go，run，travel等；若后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。如：
Lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。
I am waiting for you at the school gate.我正在校门口等你。
注意：有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：
We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)
We study hard.我们学习努力。(不及物动词)
The little girl is singing an English song.这个小女孩正在唱一首英语歌曲。(及物动词)
The little girl sings well.这个小女孩唱歌很好。(不及物动词)
2．系动词的用法(共考查7次)
系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
(1)常考系动词的分类
类别 功能 例词
表示状态 表示主语所处的状态 am，is，are，was，were
表示持续 表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态 keep，remain，stay，stand，lie
表示感官 表示人体感官的系动词 look，feel，smell，taste，sound
表示状
态变化 表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态 become，get，go，grow，turn
(2)常见用法的注意事项
①一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。
②表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐……”，可用于进行时。如：
It's getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和起来。
3．助动词的用法(共考查5次)
助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：
分类 作用
be am/is/are＋现在分词→现在进行时
was/were＋现在分词→过去进行时
be＋过去分词→被动语态
do 形式有do、does、did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气
注意：will，would，shall，should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。
分类 作用
have have/has＋过去分词→现在完成时
had＋过去分词→过去完成时
have＋been＋现在分词→现在完成进行时
will/shall will/shall＋动词原形→一般将来时
would/should＋动词原形→过去将来时
4．情态动词的用法
(具体用法和习题详见“专题九　情态动词”)
二、动词的基本形式
英语动词有五种基本形式，即：动词原形、第三人称单数(现在时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
形式 构成 例词
动词原形 不带to的动词不定式形式 be，do，have，come
形式 构成 例词
第三人
称单数 一般在动词原形后直接加 s work→works
read→reads
以s，o，x，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加 es go→goes
wash→washes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加 es fly→flies
study→studies
形式 构成 例词
过去式与
过去分词 一般在动词原形后直接加 ed work→worked
stay→stayed
在以e结尾的动词后只加 d close→closed
like→liked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加 ed study→studied
carry→carried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加 ed stop→stopped
plan→planned
形式 构成 例词
现在
分词 一般在动词原形后直接加 ing sleep→sleeping
wait→waiting
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加 ing smile→smiling
move→moving
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加 ing sit→sitting
dig→digging
plan→planning
少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加 ing tie→tying
lie→lying
　 动词短语
(2019、2016考，完形填空A考查)
[考点抢测]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2020·安徽中考)We are supposed to smart phones and take more exercise instead.
A．take up B． put away
C．look into D．give out
B
2．(2020·哈尔滨中考)—Who do you admire most，Yang Ming
—Zhong Nanshan. Not only I but also my classmates him.
A．look forward to
B． look up to
C．are up to
B
3．(2020·河北中考)Some volunteers are going to the central park. Let's join them.
A．put up B． clean up
C．look up D．give up
B
4．(2020·云南中考) It's reported that the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games have been until July 23,2021.
A．put up B． put down
C．put D．put off
D
5．(2019·孝感中考)All the members decided to the money from the book sale to homeless people.
A．give up B． give away
C．take up D．take away
B
Ⅱ.选词填空(注意形式变化)
1．We haven't him since last year.
2．I don't know the writer. I have never him.
heard from
heard of
3．Please Lucy and Lily because they are new here.
4．Please Lucy and Lily! Can you find any differences between them
look after
look at
5．Lucy and Lily are twin sisters. They each other very much.
6．Lucy and Lily .
7．Please the new words in your dictionary.
8．Please the menu and find out what you want to eat.
look like
look the same
look up
look through
[考点剖析]
动词短语在意义上相当于一个实义动词。动词短语辨析是近年来各省市中考常考点。分析江西近五年中考真题可知，动词短语的考查形式主要有三种：同一动词＋不同介词/副词；不同动词＋同一介词/副词；不同动词＋不同介词/副词。主要在单项填空和完形填空A中考查。学生要牢记一些常考动词短语，根据语境灵活运用。
A．同一动词＋不同介词/副词(少数示例：动词＋名词/形容词)
get短语
get up起床；起来　get off下车　　get to 到达
get on进行；上车　get over克服　get into 进入
get together相聚　get lost迷路　get away 逃离
get back返回；回来　get out of离开；从……出来
get along/on with sb.与某人相处
get used to习惯于　get dressed穿上衣服
put短语
put up搭建；张贴　　put on穿上；增加(体重)
put out熄灭 put away把……收起来
put down写下；记下 put off推迟
put back 放回原处 put up with忍受；忍耐
take短语
take up从事；占据　 take action采取行动
take off起飞；脱下 take down拆除；往下拽；记录
take out取出 take place发生
take in吸入；吞入 take part in 参加
take over接管 take care of照顾
take care保重；小心 take after 与……长得像
take a walk散步 take pride in以……为荣
take a message for sb.给某人捎个口信；传话
turn短语
turn on打开 turn off关闭
turn up开大；调高 turn down 调低；关小；拒绝
turn out 结果是 turn into 变成
turn to转向；求助于 turn over 翻身；翻转
turn around 转身；调头 turn one's back to背对，背弃
look短语(2019、T42)
look after照料；照顾 look for寻找；寻求
look at看 look like看起来像
look around四处环顾 look out当心
look over仔细检查 look through快速查看；浏览
look up to钦佩；仰慕 look forward to期待；盼望
look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看
B．不同动词＋同一介词/副词
动词＋about
care about关心；在乎　　hear about听说
know about 了解 think about 考虑
talk about 谈论 worry about 担心
动词＋away
die away 逐渐消失 give away赠送
run away逃跑 put away把……收好
动词＋down
cut down砍倒；削减 knock down撞倒
lie down 躺下 let...down使……失望
turn down 拒绝；调小 write down写下；记下
动词＋off
break off 中断 cut off阻挡；割掉
pay off还清债务 fall off从……跌下
keep off不接近 see off送行
show off 炫耀 put off推迟
shut off 关掉 turn off 关掉
get off离开；下(车、马等)
动词＋up
add up 加起来 call up打电话
bring up养育 cheer up使振奋
clear up 整理 clean up打扫
dress up打扮 end up结束；告终
eat up吃光 cut up切碎
set up创建；创办 grow up成长
speed up加速 fix up安装；修理
give up放弃 hang up挂起来
look up查阅；查找 mix up混合
make up组成；编造 put up张贴；搭建
stand up 起立 pick up拾起；捡起
show up出现；露面 stay up熬夜
take up 占据；从事 come up发生；破土而出
动词＋out
look out小心 come out出来；出版
cut out 切掉 go out 出去
set out出发；开始 point out 指出
find out 找出 hand out 发放；分发
hang out 闲逛 leave out忽略；不包括；不提及
run out用完；用尽 bring out 使显现
sell out 卖完；售完 work out 成功地发展；解决
C．不同动词＋不同介词/副词
arrive in/at 到达 look after照看
clean up清扫 look at看
dream of 梦想 depend on依靠；信赖
put off推迟 give up放弃
put up张贴 hand in上交
return to 返回 hold out伸出
look through浏览 deal with对付；应付
hear from 收到……的来信