2022年中考英语二轮专题复习课件：专题七 形容词和副词（共有PPT56张）

(共56张PPT)
专题七　形容词和副词
江西省中考五年命题规律及趋势
知识导图
总结与预测：从近五年江西中考来看，形容词和副词是每年的必考点，中考对这个考点主要集中在单项填空和完形填空这两大题型上。考查的知识点为形容词词义辨析和副词词义辨析，形容词转化为副词以及比较级和最高级的辨析上。
形容词和副词词义辨析
(必考，单项填空、完形填空A考查)
[考点抢测]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2021·江西)Sue works ，so she never seems to make mistakes.
A．late B． alone
C．happily D．carefully
D
2．(2020·江西中考) Tina drives to work.But today she drives because of the rain.
A．always B． often
C．sometimes D．hardly
D
3．(2020·黑龙江哈尔滨市)—What is your new classmate like
—She is very shy.She speaks so that I can hardly hear her.
A．loudly
B． clearly
C．quietly
C
4．(2019·山西中考改编)—Our motherland's birthday is coming.
—Great! We will hold many activities to celebrate it .
A．wisely B． warmly
C．simply D．clearly
B
5．(2019·海南中考改编)Mr.Black's speech is .It helps us have a better understanding of life.
A．silly B． awful
C．excellent D．direct
C
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．The old man lives in a house，but he doesn't feel
.
2．When the boy woke up，he found himself .
3．This reading room is for students of our school .
alone
lonely
lonely
alone
alone
4．Are you in the interesting storybook
5．He says he has no in visiting the places of . I don't know why.
interested
interest
interest
6．I didn't go to until late last night.
7．I felt very because I didn't well last night.
8．He fell in class.
sleep
sleepy
sleep
asleep
[考点剖析]
一、形容词的用法及位置
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。
1．作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。如：
The nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。
I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
注意：有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如：alone，afraid，asleep，awake，alive，well等。
2．作表语，放在系动词之后。如：
He looks very happy.他看起来很开心。
3．作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用。如：
You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。
二、某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化。
三、副词的作用、构成、分类和位置
1．副词的作用
副词是表示行为特征或性质及状态特征的词。主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。如：
Sometimes we're very busy.有时候我们非常忙。
2．副词的构成
构成 例词
与形容词同形 low；fast；late；early；much；deep；little；hard；only；back；just；well；enough；long；high
形容词后直接加 ly quick—quickly；polite—politely
构成 例词
辅音字母加y结尾的形容词改y为i再加 ly happy—happily；angry—angrily；
busy—busily；lucky—luckily
辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y simple—simply；gentle—gently；
terrible—terribly
少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加 ly true—truly；due—duly
注意：(1)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词，如：motherly，lovely，lively，friendly，lonely。
(2)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加 ly，意义有区别。常见的有：
close adj./adv.靠近 closely adv.密切地
high adj./adv.高 highly adv.高度地
free adj./adv.免费 freely adv.自由地
late adj./adv.晚；迟 lately adv.近来
deep adj./adv.深 deeply adv.深刻/深入地
near adj./adv.邻近 nearly adv.几乎/将近
hard adj./adv.努力；硬 hardly adv.几乎不
most adj./adv.最 mostly adv.主要地
wide adj./adv.宽阔 widely adv.广泛地
3.副词的分类和位置
分类 位置 例词
时间
副词 一般放在句尾 now现在；then那时；today今天；tomorrow明天；yesterday昨天；before以前；ago之前；soon很快；once曾经，以前；at first首先；at last最后；just now刚才；at once立刻，马上
分类 位置 例词
频度
副词 行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后 twice两次；daily每天；weekly每周；every day每天；every week每周；every month每月；always总是(2015、T46)；usually通常；often经常；sometimes有时；never从来不；again又一次，再一次(2019、T52)
分类 位置 例词
地点
副词 一般放在句尾 here这儿；there那儿；upstairs楼上；downstairs楼下；above上边；behind后边；everywhere每个地方；anywhere任何地方
分类 位置 例词
方式
副词 放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前 well好地，优质地(2015、T56)；badly坏地，劣质地；fast快速地；hard艰难地，努力地；happily快乐地；loudly大声地；luckily幸运地；politely礼貌地；quickly快速地；really真正地；safely安全地；slowly缓慢地
分类 位置 例词
程度
副词 放在被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后；enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置 quite相当，完全，十分；rather相当，颇；very非常；much许多；a lot许多；a little一点，一些；a bit少量；enough足够；hardly几乎不；almost大多数
分类 位置 例词
疑问副词 疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句，通常置于句首 疑问副词(组)有when，where，why，how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等
关系副词 用来引导从句，放在句中 关系副词有when，where，why
四、形容词和副词辨析
近几年江西中考对形容词词义辨析和副词词义辨析的考查为必考点。在单项填空部分是隔年交叉考查。在完形填空部分形容词词义辨析和副词词义辨析都是必考点，而且越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的区别。解答语境类辨析题，首先要确定各选项的含义，然后分析语境和逻辑关系，最后确定选项。
形容词和副词比较等级
(必考，单项填空、完形填空A考查)
[考点抢测]
单项填空
1．(2021·江西中考)—Are you going to the airport by bus
—I'd rather take a taxi.It's .
A．quicker B． cheaper
C．the quickest D．the cheapest
A
2．(2020·河北中考)Helen is the person in her family.Her two elder sisters are both married.
A．older B． oldest
C．younger D．youngest
D
3．(2020·江苏苏州市)—I don't really like big cities.
—Neither do I．I feel much in the countryside.
A．free B． freer
C．freest D．the freest
B
4．(2020·山东滨州市)—Could you tell me why you learn English so well
—It's very simple. you study， grades you will get.
A．The harder；better
B．The harder；the better
C．Harder；better
D．Harder；the better
B
5．(2019·长沙中考改编)Of the two physics problems，Martha just finished one.
A．the most difficult B． the least difficult
C．the less difficult D．the more difficult
C
[考点剖析]
形容词、副词比较等级的构成
1．规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词末尾加 er， est small
fast
quick smaller
faster
quicker smallest
fastest
quickest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加 r， st nice
fine nicer
finer nicest
finest
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加 er， est early
happy earlier
happier earliest
happiest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加 er， est red
big
thin redder
bigger
thinner reddest
biggest
thinnest
部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more，most interesting
important more interesting
more important most interesting
most important
2.不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
句型 意义 例句
as＋形容
词/副词原
级＋as 两者比较，程度相同，“as...as”结构前可以带表示程度的状语，像quite，almost，half，twice，nearly等 This book is almost/ nearly as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。
句型 意义 例句
as＋形容
词/副词原
级＋as 如果形容词修饰单数可数名词，应用as＋形容词/副词原级＋a(n)＋可数名词单数形式＋as Tom is as good a person as his uncle.汤姆和他叔叔一样是好人。
如果指同一个人或物，应译为“不但……而且……” Li Mei is as beautiful as she is clever.李梅不但聪明而且漂亮。
句型 意义 例句
not as(so)＋形容词/副词原级＋as 两者相比，一方不及另一方 This village isn't as (so) big as that one.这个村子没有那个村子大。
形容词(副词)比较级＋than 两者进行比较 The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。
She usually gets up earlier than others. 她通常比别人起得早。
句型 意义 例句
比较级＋and＋比较级 越来越……，多音节的用more and more＋形容词或副词原级 Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的国家越来越美了。
the＋比较级，the＋比较级 越……，越……，如果“the＋比较级”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后 The busier the old man is，the happier he feels.那位老人越忙，他感觉越高兴。
句型 意义 例句
具体数字(如倍数)＋as...as... 是……的……倍 The city is three times as big as my hometown.这个城市是我家乡的三倍大。
具体数字、实物、倍数等＋比较级＋than 形容词与具体倍数等的比较 He is a head taller than me.他比我高一个头。
句型 意义 例句
形容词最高级＋介词短语(比较范围) (三者或三者以上)最……的 He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班最高的男孩。
副词最高级＋
介词短语(比较范围) (三者或三者以上)最……的 He works hardest in his class.他是班上学习最用功的一个。
形容词短语
(2019、2017考，完形填空A/B考查)
[考点抢测]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Nancy is lost and her parents are really her.
A．interested in B． afraid of
C．busy with D．worried about
D
2．You should practice more to improve your English. Then you'll be __
at it.
A．good B． better
C．best D．the best
B
3．—Why was the young man so at himself
—Because he had too many failures.
A．disappointed B． surprised
C．interested D．excited
A
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．Tom a basketball player.
2．China its long history in the world.
3．The animation(动画片)PeppaPig the kids.
is famous as
is famous for
is famous to
[考点剖析]
分析江西近几年中考真题可知，形容词短语仅在2010和2011年单项填空中各考查了一次，均为不同类短语辨析。对于此类试题，学生需先熟悉各个形容词短语的意思，然后再根据语境确定答案。(详见《分类速记手册》)
形容词和副词填空
(必考，完形填空B考查)
[考点抢测]
选词填空(注意形式变化)
1．It is so that I can't hear what the teacher said clearly.
2．Last year, we went to London，but this year, we want to do something .
noisy
different
3．We all need a international environment.
4．I find it to learn two languages at the same time.
5．It is for you to finish the work before Friday.
6．Bob isn't as as Kelly. He often makes mistakes in his homework.
peaceful
difficult
necessary
careful
7．When you visit a foreign country，it is important to know how to ask for help .
8．The old woman was ill. Her daughter looked after her day and night.
politely
seriously
9．Miss Lin speaks as as she can to make her students understand her.
10．He is very careful about his schoolwork，so he makes the same mistakes.
11．I looked for him ，but I couldn't find him.
12．On Friday afternoon，our school ends than usual.
clearly
never
everywhere
earlier
[考点剖析]
一、考查特点
分析江西近10年中考真题可知，完形填空B形容词和副词的考查有以下特点：
1．形容词：每年均在方框中给出1～3个形容词均为原形，共24个。具体考查情况如下：
二、考查形式
1．填形容词/副词原形
(1)如何判断空格处使用形容词
①空前有系动词如feel，is，且无比较之意。如：
This dress is very beautiful.这条裙子很漂亮。
②空前为复合不定代词，且无比较之意(2012、T57)。如：
There is nothing serious with your phone.你的手机没什么大问题。
③空后为名词。如：
I need have a good rest after a long time of work.很长时间的工作之后，我需要好好休息下。
④在使役动词(make，find，let等)＋sth.＋adj.结构中(2011、T56)。如：
Everyone should make his own life colorful.每个人都应该让自己的生活丰富多彩。
⑤在句型It is ＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)to do sth.中。如：
It is good for you to eat more vegetables.多吃蔬菜对你的身体好。
⑥在as...as 结构中，空前有系动词或 the most中。如：
This book is as interesting as that one.这本书和那本书一样有趣。
(2)如何判断空格处使用副词
①空前、空后有动词或动宾结构时。如：
Be quiet！He is reading carefully.保持安静！他正在认真地读书。
②空后有形容词时(2016、T57,2012、T62)。如：
It is usually crowded in the supermarket on weekends.在周末超市通常是拥挤的。
③在固定搭配中。如：speak highly of。
④根据上下文语境(2016、T55)。
⑤在as...as结构中且谓语为实义动词或助动词。如：
He speaks English as well as his father.他英语讲得和他爸爸一样好。
2．填副词变比较级
江西在2010年65题考查了结合具体语境判断填比较级，其相关判定方法见本专题考点2。