Unit7 What’s the highest mountain in the world 知识点

Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world
Section A
1. Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world. 珠穆朗玛峰比世界上其他任何一座山都高。
higher than any other mountain比其他任何山都高，any指任何一个，后接单数名词。这种比较级形式可以替换为最高级形式，即：形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词=最高级+单数名词。原句相当于Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world.。
Tom runs faster than any other student(或any of the other students)in his class. 汤姆比他班上的任何人都跑得快。
This book is more difficult than any other book here.=This book is the most difficult book here.
这些书当中这本最难。
【知识拓展】
表示最高级的结构还有：形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词。Asia is bigger than the other continents on the earth. 亚洲是地球上最大的洲。
( )—Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world.
—That is, it is larger than ____________ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
2. China has the biggest population in the world. It’s a lot bigger than the population of the US. 中国是世界上人口最多的国家。它比美国人口要多得多。
★population作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词用单数，当其前有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。
The population of Nigeria is more than 100 million. (强调整体性) 尼日利亚的人口数量为1亿多。
Three quarters of the population in the city is/are from other parts of the country.这个城市里四分之三的人口来自全国其他地方。
（1）问人口数量的句型是：What’s the population of...
What’s the population of the world now 现在世界人口是多少？
What’s the population of China =How large is the population of China 中国有多少人
【注意】population和people的区别：前者通常用what来提问，后者用how many 来提问。
What’s the population of Canada 加拿大的人口是多少？
How many people are there in Canada 加拿大有多少人？
（2）形容人口多少用big，large或small。
The city has a big/large/small population. 这个城市人口多/少。
【知识拓展】
表示＂某地有多少人口＂用…has a population of…或The population of… is…。The city has a population of about six million.=The population of the city is about six million.这个城市大约有六百万人口。
( )The population of the world ____________ still ____________ now.
A. will；grow　　 B. has；grown C. is；growing D. is；grown
★a lot bigger大多了,bigger是比较级,前面用a lot修饰。a lot, a little, much, a bit, still, even, far等可以用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,表示程度,起强调作用。
My room is a little smaller than yours.我的房间比你的稍小一点儿。
( )— How did you find your trip to Water Park in the summer of 2019
— I enjoyed it. It was ________ than I expected.
A. even much interesting B. far more interesting
C. so far interesting D. far from interesting
3. Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world 你知道中国是世界上最古老的国家之一吗？
本句中的one of意为＂……中的一个＂或＂……之一＂，后面接复数名词，当名词前有形容词修饰且有比较范围时，形容词应用其最高级形式。
Song Jie is one of the tallest students in our class. 宋杰是我们班最高的学生之一。
【注意】one of ... 作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
One of the girls is my sister. 这些女孩中有一个是我妹妹。
( )As we know, the Yangtze River is one of ____________ rivers in the world.
A. long　 B. longer C. Longest D. the longest
4. Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour. 关于今天的长城之旅，请随意向我提问。
feel free是英语口语中一个常用表达。feel free to do sth.表示＂无拘束做某事，按照自己的意愿去做某事＂。
If you have any questions, please feel free to ask me. 如果有任何问题，请随意提问。
5. The main reason was to protect their part of the country. 主要原因是保护他们那部分的国土。
protect v. 保护；防护。常用短语：
protect...from/against...保护……免受/遭……
People build houses to protect themselves against bad weather.人们建造房屋来抵御坏天气。
Knowing some ways to protect yourself will help to keep you safe in the earthquake.了解一些保护自己的方法将有助于你在地震中保证自身的安全。
6. As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this. 据我所知，再没有其他像它这样大的人造物体了。
（1）as far as I know是一个固定的表达方式，还可以说so far as I know，意思是＂据我所知＂。
As far as I know, he will be away for three months. 据我所知，他将离开三个月。
As far as I can see, you have done nothing wrong. 依我看，你没有做错任何事。
as far as还可表示＂像……那样远；远到……＂，后跟名词或从句，强调至某一指明地点的距离。在否定句中，也可用so far as。
We went as far as Lion Rock Tunnel. 我们一直走到狮子山隧道公路那儿。
She didn’t go as far as the others (did). 她走得不像其他人那样远。
（2）man-made人造的，为形容词性的合成词。类似的有：good-looking相貌好看的；hard-working勤劳的；well-known著名的；fast-food专门提供快餐服务的。
7. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. 更加严峻你的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。
（1）include为及物动词，其后可接名词或动名词，指在一个整体中包括了其中一部分内容或项目等，强调包含部分。
The price includes both the house and the furniture. 价钱包括房子和家具(的价格)。(接名词)
Your duties include putting the children to bed. 你的责任包括安顿孩子们去睡觉。(接动名词)
【知识拓展】
including作介词，意为＂包括……在内＂，后面跟名词或代词，在句子中作状语，是对主句的补充说明，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
He took an active part in all kinds of activities, i ____________ tennis, swimming, running and so on.
（2） condition名词，意为＂条件；状况＂，既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。
Everything is in good condition. 一切状况良好。
He is overweight and out of condition. 他体重超重且健康状况不佳。
【知识拓展】
condition的相关搭配：in good/bad/excellent condition 状况好/糟糕/极佳 out of condition 健康状况不佳living/working conditions 生活/工作条件 under the condition that 在……的前提下
8. ... while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975. ……而来自日本的田部井淳子在1975年成为第一个成功的女登山者。
succeed是不及物动词，意为＂实现目标；成功＂，不能用于被动语态。常用短语：succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事；succeed in sth.在某方面获得成功。
His plan succeeded. 他的计划成功了。
—Could you tell me how to succeed in making a speech in front of people 你能告诉我怎样在人们面前成功发表演讲吗？
—Be confident. That’s the point. 要有信心。这就是要点。
You won’t succeed in the work if you don’t put your mind to it. 如果你不专心工作，工作就不会做好。
【知识拓展】
(1)success n. 成功The party was a big success. 晚会非常成功。(2)successful adj. 成功的I was successful in passing the math exam. 我成功地过了这次数学测验。(3)successfully adv. 成功地He solved the problem successfully. 他成功地解决了那个问题。
( )—What do you think of the speech given by Chairman Xi Jinping in the UN
—It’s very exciting. His speech ____________ getting foreign friends’ appreciations.
A. succeeded in　 B. looked down C. gave up D. came about
9. One of the main reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties. 一个主要的原因是人们想在面对困难时挑战自己。
★challenge此处用作及物动词，意为＂挑战；考验＂。
This discovery challenges traditional beliefs. 这项发现是对传统信念的冲击。
（1）challenge sb. to sth./to do sth.向某人挑战…，(尤指在对方不情愿时)强烈建议某人做某事。
Mike challenged me to a game of chess. 迈克硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。
He challenged me to play chess. 他向我挑战下象棋。
（2）challenge作可数名词，意为＂挑战；比赛等的邀请＂ 常跟介词短语to或动词不定式。
We accepted their challenge to a baseball game. 我们接受了他们棒球邀请的挑战。
Our teachers usually give us some advice on how to face the difficulties and challenges bravely. 我们的老师通常给我们一些关于如何勇敢地面对困难和挑战的建议。
【知识拓展】
challenge作名词的相关短语：face a challenge面临挑战 meet the challenge of... 迎接……的挑战accept/take up a challenge 接受挑战 mount a challenge 发起挑战a challenge to 对…的质疑
10. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们表明：我们绝不应该放弃实现我们梦想的尝试。
achieve及物动词，意为＂达到；完成；成功＂，其宾语可以是＂实现＂的目标、目的等，也可以是＂取得＂的胜利、成功、名誉、地位等。
By bringing soccer to the schools, President Xi hopes he can achieve his dream and China’s dream of playing for the World Cup, hosting the World Cup and finally, winning the World Cup. 通过＂足球进校园＂，习主席希望他能实现自己的梦想和中国参加世界杯，举办世界杯，最终赢得世界杯的梦想。
She achieved no success. 她没有获得成功。
注意：
achieve表示＂实现＂时，与realize，come true同义，但come true为不及物动词短语，而另外两个均为及物动词。
He achieved/realized his dream. 他的梦想实现了。
【知识拓展】
achieve(v.)→achievable(adj.)可达到的→achievement(n.)成就；成绩As we reached the top of the mountain, we felt a sense of achievements. 当我们到达山顶时，我们感到有一种成就感。
【易混辨析】 achieve与come true的区别
achieve achieve指实现梦想、目标，主语是人。He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 他希望尽快达到所有目标。
come true come true实现，主语多是梦想、蓝图、计划等。At last, his dream came true. 最后，他实现了他的梦想。
11. It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature. 它也显示了人类有时能比自然的力量更强大。
（1）force名词，意为＂力，力量＂
the force of nature 自然力量 the force of an explosion 爆炸力
【知识拓展】
force可用作动词，意为＂强迫，迫使＂。force sb to do sth意为＂破使某人做某事＂。They forced him to leave the small town. 他们迫使他离开这个小镇。
（2）nature不可数名词，意为＂自然界；大自然＂，其形容词形式为natural，意为＂自然的；自然界的；天生的＂。
They stopped to enjoy the beauty of nature. 他们停下来欣赏大自然的美景。
The country’s natural resources include forests, coal and oil. 这个国家的自然资源包括森林、煤和石油。
He is a natural musician. 他天生是个音乐家。
Section B
1. This elephant weighs many times more than this panda. 这只大象比这只大熊猫重很多倍。
（1）weigh既可作及物动词，表＂称重＂，也可作连系动词，表＂有……重；重＂。
I weighed the box. It weighs 20 kg. 我称了这个盒子，它重20公斤。
She is afraid of becoming fat. She weighs herself every day. 她怕发胖。每天都称体重。
【知识拓展】　
其名词形式为weight。常用短语：in weight在体重方面。The boy weighs 20 kg.＝The boy is 20 kg in weight. 这个男孩重20公斤。
He ____________（weight）only 70 kilos now after taking a balanced diet.
（2）time在此意为＂倍数，次数＂，表示三倍或三倍以上时使用。表示 ＂A 比B长（宽、高、大、重等）N倍＂时，其结构为＂A＋be＋基数词（N＋1）＋times＋形容词比较级＋than＋B ＂。
This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大四倍。
I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次了。
【注意】＂两倍＂可用twice表示。
【知识拓展】　
表示＂A 的长度（宽度，高度，大小，重量等）是 B 的 n倍＂，可用 ＂A ＋ be ＋ 基数词（N）＋times ＋ as ＋ 形容词原级 ＋ as ＋ B＂结构。 This tree is three times as tall as that one. 这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。His father is twice as old as he. 他父亲的年纪有他两倍大。
2. A panda can live up to 20 to 30 years. 大熊猫能活20至30岁。
up to到达(某数量、程度等)；至多有；不多于。live up to指＂活到……岁＂。
There are up to seventy students in the classroom. 教室里学生不多于七十人。
The old man can live up to ninety years. 这位老人能活到九十岁。
Do you know his date of birth 你知道他的出生日期吗？
【知识拓展】　
up to的其他含义：（1）up to 直到；到……为止Up to now everything has been successful. 到目前为止，一切都很顺利。（2）up to sb. 某人的责任；由……决定I think I will leave it up to you. 我想让你决定。
( )It’s ___________ Mr Zhang ___________ teach us English.
A. up to；to B. up to；for C. up for；to D. up for；for
3. At birth, a baby panda is about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos. 出生时，一只大熊猫宝宝大约0.1到0.2千克重。
birth n. 出生;诞生。常见搭配：
at birth出生时 date of birth出生日期 give birth to生孩子
What’s your date of birth 你是哪天出生的
【易混辨析】　born/birth
(1) born是bear的过去分词,意为“出生”,常用结构:sb.was/were born。
I was born in summer in 1988.我出生于1988年的夏天。
(2) birth是名词,意为“出生,诞生,分娩”,反义词是death,意为“死,死亡”。
She gave birth to a girl last night.她昨晚生了一个女孩。
4. Panda keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast. 大熊猫饲养员正在准备大熊猫宝宝的早餐牛奶。
prepare sth. for sb./sth. 给……准备……。
She prepared a nice breakfast for us. 她给我们准备了可口的早餐。
【知识拓展】　
(1) prepare sb. for sth. 使某人对某事有所准备She said so because she wanted to prepare her father for the bad news. 她这样说是因为她想让爸爸对那个坏消息有所准备。(2) prepare to do sth. 准备做……They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain. 他们正准备过河，这时下雨了。(3) prepare sb. to do sth. 使某人准备做某事Father is preparing my little brother to go to school. 父亲正使我的小弟弟为上学做准备。(4) be prepared for sth. 为……做好了准备，强调状态。 They were prepared for the worst. 他们已准备好了应付最坏的情况。(5) prepare for意为＂为……做准备＂，for后面的宾语是准备的对象。The students are busy preparing for the final exam. 学生们正在忙着准备期末考试。
5. …they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry. ……他们发现大多数的大熊猫宝宝已经醒来并且饿了。
awake此处用作形容词，意为“醒着的”，它在句中常作表语。反义词是asleep。
Is he awake or asleep？他是醒着还是睡着了？
注意：awake不用于名词前作定语。
【易混辨析】awake与wake
awake形容词，意为“醒着”，常用作表语
wake动词，意为“弄醒；醒”，常与副词up连用
It’s eleven at night. He is still awake. 夜里十一点了，他还没有睡。
Please wake me up at six in the morning. 请早上六点叫醒我。
6. …, they run over to them with excitement and some of the young pandas even walk into their friends and fall over! ……它们兴奋地跑向他们，其中一些年幼的大熊猫甚至撞上自己的伙伴而跌倒。
fall over表示＂绊倒，摔倒＂。
She hit him so hard that she fell over. 她重重地撞击他，结果自己摔倒了。
【易混辨析】fall down、fall off、fall over
fall down 强调的是＂向前摔倒、跌倒＂，后面不接宾语。 The boy hit the tree so hard that he fell down. 男孩重重地撞在树上，结果自己倒下了。
fall off 强调的是＂滑倒、倒下＂，后面接宾语时应加上介词from。 The girl is falling off the bike.（＝ The girl is falling down from the bike.）女孩正从自行车上摔下来。
fall over 强调的是＂跌落、从……掉下来＂，后面不接宾语。 I saw the little girl fall over. 我看到这个小女孩跌倒了。
7. I wash, feed and play with them every day. 我每天给它们清洗、喂食，陪它们玩耍。
（1）feed (fed，fed)作及物动词，意为＂喂养，饲养＂，强调动作。
She was feeding the baby with porridge. 她正给宝宝喂粥。
【知识拓展】　
feed sb./sth.喂养某人或某种动物。feed... to... 把……喂给……；feed... on/with... 用……来喂养……；feed on... 以……为食。Could you please feed my cat 你可以帮我喂一下猫吗？Mother is feeding milk to her baby. 母亲正在给宝宝喂奶。He feeds the ducks on grains of rice. 他用稻谷粒饲养鸭子。Horses feed on grass. 马吃草(马以草为食)。Sheep feed chiefly on grass. 绵羊主要以草为食。
（2）play表示＂玩＂，play with sb./sth. 和某人/物一起玩。
Don’t play with fire. 不要玩火。
8. The babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long. 大熊猫宝宝经常死于疾病，或者活不了多久。
（1）die动词，意为＂死＂，过去式为died，现在分词为dying。die from表示＂死于(创伤、劳累、忧愁等外部原因)＂。die of 表示＂死于……病＂或死于饥饿或过度悲伤等自身原因，但是在表示疾病的名词前用die from或die of都可以。
She died from/of cancer. 她死于癌症。
The old man died from an accident. 这个老人死于一起事故。
His father died of starvation in Germany. 他的父亲饿死在德国。
（2）illness n.(名词) 疾病。
He had several illnesses, including heart disease. 他患有多种疾病，其中包括心脏病。
【易混辨析】ill、illness、sick、disease
ill 作＂生病的＂讲时只作表语，不作定语，比较级为worse。 She can’t go to school because she is ill. 她不能上学了，因为她病了。
illness 是ill的名词形式，意为＂病，疾病＂。 She can’t go to school because of her illness. 她不能上学了，因为她病了。
sick 作＂生病的＂讲时，既可作表语(此时相当于ill)，也可作定语；sick作表语时还表示＂恶心的，要引起呕吐的＂之意。 Please take good care of the sick boy. 请照顾好这个生病的男孩。When she got up, she felt a little sick and took some medicine. 她起来时感到有点恶心，于是吃了些药。
disease n. 病；疾病。为各种疾病的术语；常表示特定的、具体的病名、病类。 Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease. 吸烟会增加得心脏病的危险。
9. Some kinds of whales are in danger. 一些种类的鲸处于危险之中。
in (great) danger处于(极度)危险之中，是主语本身处于危险之中，处于危险状况/危险处境，其反义词组为out of danger＂脱离危险＂。
Our country is in great danger; we must mobilize the army. 我们国家处在极度危险中，我们必须动员军队。
The old man is in danger. 这位老人处于危险中。
【知识拓展】　
danger(s) of 表示＂……的危险、危害＂，of 后接名词、代词或动名词形式。Do you know the dangers of smoking 你知道吸烟的危害吗？　
10. huge adj. 巨大的；极多的。
There is a huge building near the river. 河边有幢大楼。
【易混辨析】huge、great、big
huge 指实物时，强调尺寸或容量的庞大，指抽象事物时有＂重大的，极大的＂意思。 We’ll have to use leverage to move this huge rock. 我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
great 常用来修饰抽象名词，含有一定的感彩，表示＂巨大，伟大，突出＂的意思。 She has made great progress. 她取得了巨大的进步。China is a great country. 中国是一个伟大的国家。
big 指具体事物的大小，是普通用词，与small相对。 Can you lift up this big stone 你能举起这块大石头吗？
Grammar
（一）基数词
基数词[ (1)1—10 one, two, three, ... ten[来
(2)11—20 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, ... twenty
(3) 21—99 twenty-one, ... ninety-nine
(4) 百位数 101——one hundred and one 注意百位与十位间加and
(5) 千位数以上 从数字的右端往左数，每三位数加一个逗号＂，＂，从右开始第一个前面的数字加thousand，第二个逗号前的数字加million，第三个逗号前的数字加billion，然后一节一节分别表示。2,648——two thousand six hundred and forty-eight16, 250,164——sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand one hundred and sixty-four 5,237,166,234——five billion two hundred and thirty-seven million one hundred and sixty-six thousand and two hundred and thirty-four
表示＂数以百计＂用hundreds of；＂成千上万＂用thousands of；＂数百万＂用millions of；＂数十亿＂用billions of，且它们前面不可加任何具体的数词。也就是说当hundred，thousand，million，billion前有具体的数词时，其后不能加 s；但当hundred，thousand，million，billion与of连用时，则用其复数形式，表示不确定的数目，其前不能有具体的数词。
There are hundreds of foreign students in their school. 他们学校有数百名外国学生。
Six hundred books were sent to the children. 六百本书被邮寄给了孩子们。
巧记hundred，thousand，million的用法：
模糊数目两有（有s，有of），具体数目两无（无s，无of）。
（二）形容词、副词的比较等级
1. 形容词和副词的比较级与最高级的变化规则
（1）规则变化
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 直接加-es / -est tall→taller→tallest
以不发音的字母e结尾的词 加-r / -st nice→nicer→nicest
以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词 变y为i，再加-er / -est dry→drier→driestheavy→heavier→heaviest
以一个辅音字母结尾的词 先双写辅音字母，再加-er / -est thin→thinner→thinnest
多音节和部分双音节单词 在词前加more / most delicious→more delicious→most delicious
（2）不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill worse worst
many, much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
2. 形容词/副词原级的用法
（1）用于＂as...as...＂结构中，否定形式为not as/so...as...。
This picture is not so good as that one. 这幅画不如那幅好。
（2）表示＂A是B的……倍＂时，用A＋谓语动词＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as B。
Our school is twice as large as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的两倍大。
（3）修饰形容词原级的词：very， too， so，enough等。
The girl is so beautiful. 这个女孩是如此的漂亮。
3. 形容词/副词比较级的用法
（1）A＋谓语动词＋比较级＋than B... A比B……
My bike is more beautiful than hers. 我的自行车比她的好看。
( )Peter is 15 years old. He is _________ than his father.
A. tall　　　　 B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest
（2）Which/Who＋谓语动词＋比较级，A or B
Who runs faster, Jim or Tom 谁跑得更快，吉姆还是汤姆？
( )—Which season do you like__________ in Panzhihua, the dry season or rainy season
—The rainy season.
A. well　 B. better　 C. best D. the best
（3）表示＂越来越……＂时用比较级的重叠结构，即＂比较级＋and＋比较级＂，多音节词和部分双音节词用＂more and more＋原级＂。
It’s becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。
The problem is becoming more and more serious. 问题变得越来越严重了。
( )—Roy never likes junk food.
—Neither do I. That’s probably why I’m becoming _______now.
A. healthy and weak B. healthier and healthier
C. weaker and weaker D. more and more healthily
（4）表示＂越……就越……＂时用＂the＋比较级，the＋比较级＂。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，犯的错就会越少。
( )The earlier kids learn to be independent, the __________ it is for their future.
A. good　 B. well　 C. better　　 D. best
（5）表示＂两者之间比较……的一个＂时常用＂the＋比较级＋of the two＂。
He is the thinner of the two. 他是两个中较瘦的那一个。
( )Of the two shirts, I’d like to choose the __________ one to save some money for a cap.
A. cheapest　　B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive
（6）修饰比较级的词和短语有a little，a bit，a lot，much，far，even等。
You are a little thinner than Jim. 你比吉姆瘦点儿。
( )The box was _______ than I had expected. I was out of breath when I got home.
A. more heavier　　　B. much heavier C. little heavier D. very heavier
4. 形容词/副词最高级用法
（1）三者或三者以上比较用最高级，形容词最高级前加the，副词可不加。句末常跟in/of短语表示范围。
Tom is the cleverest in his class. 汤姆是他班里最聪明的。
He runs fastest in the class. 在这个班里他跑得最快。
( )—Lily has two sisters, doesn’t she
—Yes. She’s taller and older than her two sisters, but she’s not _________one of the three.
A. the tallest　　　 B. youngest C. shortest D. the cleverest
（2）Which/Who＋谓语动词＋the＋形容词/副词最高级，A，B or C
Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill 谁是最高的，汤姆、凯特还是比尔？
( )—Which city is _________________ beautiful, Hangzhou, Beijing or Shanghai
—Hangzhou, I think.
A. the most B. the better C. more
（3）表示＂最……的……之一＂时用one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词。
Miss Xu is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 徐老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
( )This temple is one of __________ buildings in the town. We must take action to protect it.
A. old　　 B. older C. oldest D. the oldest
（4）表示＂第几最……＂时，可在最高级前加序数词。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国的第二长河。