人教版高中英语：必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars单元练习（含答案）

3.4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Today, China has conducted its first 3D printing experiment in space in a newly launched spacecraft, which was put into low－Earth orbit by China’s Long March 5B heavy lift carrier rocket.
Video broadcast on CCTV showed that the printer has printed a flat section of a honeycomb－shaped(蜂巢状) structure as well as a symbol of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, the parent company of the China Academy of Space Technology. The experiment was done by a 3D printer, developed and built by its Beijing Spacecrafts Manufacturing Factory, inside the prototype of China’s new－generation manned spacecraft.
The printer, named the Space－Based Composite Material 3D Printing System, uses carbon fibre－reinforced materials to autonomously print objects. It is installed in the reentry module of the experimental spaceship, and will be brought back to Earth once the module returns.
The printer features advanced technologies in material modeling, precision control and automation. Once the space－based 3D printing technology becomes operationally ready, it can extensively benefit space programs as astronauts can use it to manufacture a lot of things they currently need to obtain from resupply flights by cargo spacecraft.
Wang Yanan, editor－in－chief of the Aerospace Knowledge magazine, said the 3D Printer will be very useful in extended space missions, such as those in a space station, because it will allow astronauts to make components quickly and conveniently in space. The technology will save future space journeys considerable resources and costs.
In fact, the device is not the only representative of 3D printing onboard the Prototype.
A CubeSat deployer, designed and made through 3D printing by CoSats Space Technology, is also carried by the spacecraft to check the adaptability of 3D－printed equipment in space. CoSats Chief Operating Officer Bai Ruixue said the 3D－Printed deployer is much lighter and stronger than its counterparts and it will have huge potential in the space industry.
1. What did the video broadcast on CCTV show to the audience
A. The process and the products of the 3D printing.
B. The name and the shape of the 3D printer.
C. The significance of the 3D printing technology.
D. The relationship between the two companies.
2. What if a component is broken in the space station in the future
A. It has to be sent by spaceship back to earth for repair.
B. The astronauts can fix it conveniently by hand on the spot.
C. The astronauts make one using 3D printing and replace it.
D. It has to be unloaded and abandoned in space.
3. Why is the last paragraph mentioned
A. To introduce the CubeSat deployer produced in space.
B. To explain the advantages of the 3D printing in space.
C. To show the adaptability of 3D printing in space.
D. To indicate a bright future of 3D printing in space.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. 3D Printing Experiment Conducted in Space
B. 3D Printing Set to Help Ease Space Trips
C. 3D Printing Launched by Long March 5B
D. 3D Printing—A New Way to Explore Space
A favorite dish for purple sea urchins(海胆) living off the coast of California is kelp(巨藻). The problem is, those kelp forests are shrinking rapidly
and that’s hurting the oceanic ecosystem. So a group of scientists ran an experiment to see if these sea urchins can themselves become a top menu item.
Just off the coast, three divers get ready to jump in. They’re students from Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. The task: Count purple sea urchins. Their professor, Luke Gardner expects they’ll find plenty of urchins. And that’s not a good thing. “What they do is they just eat everything in sight.” Gardner says. These purple creatures are eating up California’s kelp forests, which provide food and shelter for numerous sea animals.
The problem began around 2014. That’s when Gardner said warmer ocean temperatures began affecting the reproduction of kelp. It’s also when a disease killed off sunflower sea stars, a killer of purple sea urchins. The purple sea urchin population thus grows very fast.
The divers don’t come up empty－handed. They bring Gardner quite a lot of purple sea urchins. What’s inside is the part we eat, the uni(海胆黄)—a type of delicious food in Japanese cuisine. “The problem with these guys is that when you open them up, sometimes there’s nothing in there. And they might be a bit small compared to market－sized urchins，” says Gardner.
Then, it is time for the taste test. On a typical foggy day, the class crowds into the kitchen of the restaurant Aubergine. Here, chef Justin Cogley serves uni from around the world. He opens up the purple sea urchins, taking the orange uni out and prepares it on a fried potato. “Honestly, it’s rich and buttery，” Cogley says. His conclusion He will serve it.
It’s a tasty end to the project. But this could be just the beginning. A company called Urchinomics has been selling its human－raised urchins in Japan. Now, it is working to secure a site in California. It’s all in an effort to save the state’s kelp forests and help the thousands of animals that depend on them.
5. What is the scientists’ experiment about
A. Turning purple sea urchins into a dish.
B. Finding new food for purple sea urchins.
C. Discovering the causes of a poor ecosystem.
D. Studying the ecosystem of the coast of California.
6. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed
A. By presenting research findings.
B. By following time order.
C. By analyzing causes.
D. By making comparisons.
7. According to Gardner, what’s a problem with purple sea urchins
A. Their uni tastes like bad butter.
B. They don’t all have uni inside.
C. They can’t be raised by humans.
D. Their size is beyond the market standard.
8. What is the best title for the text
A. Save California’s Kelp by Eating Purple Sea Urchins
B. A Scientist’s Cooking Dream Comes True in California
C. Kelp Forests Suffer Because of Japanese Cuisine
D. Clean Up the Sea by Restoring Kelp Forests
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
Starting a business on one’s own can be quite challenging and costly. To reduce the risks involved in starting a business from scratch, many people buy a franchise(特许经销权) instead. A franchise is a license issued by a large, usually well－known company to an individual or a small business owner. Under the license, the individual acquires the right to use the big company’s brand name and agrees to sell its products. __1__ The most famous example was Isaac Singer(October 27, 1811—July 23, 1875), who created franchises to distribute his sewing machines to larger areas.
There are many advantages to buying a franchise. __2__ A franchise comes with a built－in business formula(模式) including products, services, and even employee uniforms. Depending on the franchise, the franchisor company may offer support in training and financial planning. __3__ To new business owners, the most recognized advantage of a franchise is perhaps the well－established brand name of the franchisor such as that of McDonald’s. Research has shown that customers tend to choose a brand they recognize over one they don’t.
Disadvantages include heavy start－up costs as well as ongoing royalty costs on the part of the franchisee. To take the McDonald’s example further, the minimum cost for a franchisee to start a McDonald’s is $500，000. __4__ Moreover, the franchisee is given no right to renew or extend the franchise after the term of the contract(合同). __5__
A. McDonald’s is a very successful fast food chain.
B. Some even provide assistance for approved suppliers.
C. One of the benefits is the ready－made business operation.
D. The concept of the franchise dates back to the 19th century in the US.
E. An annual fee equal to 12% of sales also has to be paid to McDonald’s.
F. Other disadvantages include lack of creativity with one’s own business.
G. Whether a franchise is profitable depends largely on the nature of the business.
Ⅲ. 书面表达
假定你是班长李华，你班同学打算去河边野餐。请你给外教Mr Brown发一封邮件，邀请他参加此次活动，要点包括：
1. 集合时间和地点；
2. 交通工具；
3. 注意事项(携带雨具等)。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Today, China has conducted its first 3D printing experiment in space in a newly launched spacecraft, which was put into low－Earth orbit by China’s Long March 5B heavy lift carrier rocket.
Video broadcast on CCTV showed that the printer has printed a flat section of a honeycomb－shaped(蜂巢状) structure as well as a symbol of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corp, the parent company of the China Academy of Space Technology. The experiment was done by a 3D printer, developed and built by its Beijing Spacecrafts Manufacturing Factory, inside the prototype of China’s new－generation manned spacecraft.
The printer, named the Space－Based Composite Material 3D Printing System, uses carbon fibre－reinforced materials to autonomously print objects. It is installed in the reentry module of the experimental spaceship, and will be brought back to Earth once the module returns.
The printer features advanced technologies in material modeling, precision control and automation. Once the space－based 3D printing technology becomes operationally ready, it can extensively benefit space programs as astronauts can use it to manufacture a lot of things they currently need to obtain from resupply flights by cargo spacecraft.
Wang Yanan, editor－in－chief of the Aerospace Knowledge magazine, said the 3D Printer will be very useful in extended space missions, such as those in a space station, because it will allow astronauts to make components quickly and conveniently in space. The technology will save future space journeys considerable resources and costs.
In fact, the device is not the only representative of 3D printing onboard the Prototype.
A CubeSat deployer, designed and made through 3D printing by CoSats Space Technology, is also carried by the spacecraft to check the adaptability of 3D－printed equipment in space. CoSats Chief Operating Officer Bai Ruixue said the 3D－Printed deployer is much lighter and stronger than its counterparts and it will have huge potential in the space industry.
1. What did the video broadcast on CCTV show to the audience
A. The process and the products of the 3D printing.
B. The name and the shape of the 3D printer.
C. The significance of the 3D printing technology.
D. The relationship between the two companies.
2. What if a component is broken in the space station in the future
A. It has to be sent by spaceship back to earth for repair.
B. The astronauts can fix it conveniently by hand on the spot.
C. The astronauts make one using 3D printing and replace it.
D. It has to be unloaded and abandoned in space.
3. Why is the last paragraph mentioned
A. To introduce the CubeSat deployer produced in space.
B. To explain the advantages of the 3D printing in space.
C. To show the adaptability of 3D printing in space.
D. To indicate a bright future of 3D printing in space.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. 3D Printing Experiment Conducted in Space
B. 3D Printing Set to Help Ease Space Trips
C. 3D Printing Launched by Long March 5B
D. 3D Printing—A New Way to Explore Space
1. 答案　A 2. 答案　C 3. 答案　D 4. 答案　B
A favorite dish for purple sea urchins(海胆) living off the coast of California is kelp(巨藻). The problem is, those kelp forests are shrinking rapidly
and that’s hurting the oceanic ecosystem. So a group of scientists ran an experiment to see if these sea urchins can themselves become a top menu item.
Just off the coast, three divers get ready to jump in. They’re students from Moss Landing Marine Laboratories. The task: Count purple sea urchins. Their professor, Luke Gardner expects they’ll find plenty of urchins. And that’s not a good thing. “What they do is they just eat everything in sight.” Gardner says. These purple creatures are eating up California’s kelp forests, which provide food and shelter for numerous sea animals.
The problem began around 2014. That’s when Gardner said warmer ocean temperatures began affecting the reproduction of kelp. It’s also when a disease killed off sunflower sea stars, a killer of purple sea urchins. The purple sea urchin population thus grows very fast.
The divers don’t come up empty－handed. They bring Gardner quite a lot of purple sea urchins. What’s inside is the part we eat, the uni(海胆黄)—a type of delicious food in Japanese cuisine. “The problem with these guys is that when you open them up, sometimes there’s nothing in there. And they might be a bit small compared to market－sized urchins，” says Gardner.
Then, it is time for the taste test. On a typical foggy day, the class crowds into the kitchen of the restaurant Aubergine. Here, chef Justin Cogley serves uni from around the world. He opens up the purple sea urchins, taking the orange uni out and prepares it on a fried potato. “Honestly, it’s rich and buttery，” Cogley says. His conclusion He will serve it.
It’s a tasty end to the project. But this could be just the beginning. A company called Urchinomics has been selling its human－raised urchins in Japan. Now, it is working to secure a site in California. It’s all in an effort to save the state’s kelp forests and help the thousands of animals that depend on them.
5. What is the scientists’ experiment about
A. Turning purple sea urchins into a dish.
B. Finding new food for purple sea urchins.
C. Discovering the causes of a poor ecosystem.
D. Studying the ecosystem of the coast of California.
6. How is Paragraph 3 mainly developed
A. By presenting research findings.
B. By following time order.
C. By analyzing causes.
D. By making comparisons.
7. According to Gardner, what’s a problem with purple sea urchins
A. Their uni tastes like bad butter.
B. They don’t all have uni inside.
C. They can’t be raised by humans.
D. Their size is beyond the market standard.
8. What is the best title for the text
A. Save California’s Kelp by Eating Purple Sea Urchins
B. A Scientist’s Cooking Dream Comes True in California
C. Kelp Forests Suffer Because of Japanese Cuisine
D. Clean Up the Sea by Restoring Kelp Forests
5. 答案　A 6. 答案　C 7. 答案　B 8. 答案　A
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
Starting a business on one’s own can be quite challenging and costly. To reduce the risks involved in starting a business from scratch, many people buy a franchise(特许经销权) instead. A franchise is a license issued by a large, usually well－known company to an individual or a small business owner. Under the license, the individual acquires the right to use the big company’s brand name and agrees to sell its products. __1__ The most famous example was Isaac Singer(October 27, 1811—July 23, 1875), who created franchises to distribute his sewing machines to larger areas.
There are many advantages to buying a franchise. __2__ A franchise comes with a built－in business formula(模式) including products, services, and even employee uniforms. Depending on the franchise, the franchisor company may offer support in training and financial planning. __3__ To new business owners, the most recognized advantage of a franchise is perhaps the well－established brand name of the franchisor such as that of McDonald’s. Research has shown that customers tend to choose a brand they recognize over one they don’t.
Disadvantages include heavy start－up costs as well as ongoing royalty costs on the part of the franchisee. To take the McDonald’s example further, the minimum cost for a franchisee to start a McDonald’s is $500，000. __4__ Moreover, the franchisee is given no right to renew or extend the franchise after the term of the contract(合同). __5__
A. McDonald’s is a very successful fast food chain.
B. Some even provide assistance for approved suppliers.
C. One of the benefits is the ready－made business operation.
D. The concept of the franchise dates back to the 19th century in the US.
E. An annual fee equal to 12% of sales also has to be paid to McDonald’s.
F. Other disadvantages include lack of creativity with one’s own business.
G. Whether a franchise is profitable depends largely on the nature of the business.
1. 答案　D 2. 答案　C 3. 答案　B 4. 答案　E 5. 答案　F
Ⅲ. 书面表达
假定你是班长李华，你班同学打算去河边野餐。请你给外教Mr Brown发一封邮件，邀请他参加此次活动，要点包括：
1. 集合时间和地点；
2. 交通工具；
3. 注意事项(携带雨具等)。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考范文
Dear Mr Brown，
Students of my class plan to have a picnic by the riverside this Sunday, and I sincerely invite you to join us.
We are going to meet at the school gate at 9 am. From there our school bus will take us to the destination. As there are lots of beautiful trees and flowers along the river, do bring your camera to record the beautiful scenery. It might rain a little at about noon, so please equip yourself with an umbrella.
More exciting things are waiting for you to discover. Your participation can surely make our trip more interesting. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours faithfully，
Li Hua