人教版高中英语：必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement 单元练习（含答案）

4.1 Women of achievement
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Margaret Mead, the most famous anthropologist(人类学家) in the world, was born in the USA in 1901. Her father was a professor of finance and her mother was a sociologist. After studying psychology as an undergraduate, Mead began a PhD in the relatively new field of anthropology. Mead was particularly interested in primitive communities because she believed that such isolated cultures could serve as “laboratories” that would reveal ways of living that the modern world had forgotten about but needed to remember.
Having travelled to Samoa, a few tiny volcanic, tropical islands in the center of the Pacific Ocean, Mead gradually got interested in gender roles and discovered that modern societies are far more strict in this area than primitive ones. For example, Americans tend to think of men as productive, sensible, and aggressive, while women are often told they’re more light－hearted, peaceful, and nurturing. But in her book, Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies in 1935, Mead studied tribes in Papua New Guinea and recorded that in the Arapesh tribe, both men and women were peaceful and nurturing, while among the Mundugumor tribe, men and women were both ruthless and aggressive.
Mead’s striking conclusion is that it isn’t gender that makes women curl their hair or listen to people’s feelings, or race that makes some nations regularly attack their neighbors. Rather, it’s the social expectations and norms that have laid the groundwork for each individual’s psychological makeup. “We must recognize，” she reminded her readers, “that beneath the superficial(表面上的) classifications of sex and race, the same potentialities always exist, occurring again generation after generation, only to perish because society has no place for them．”
She is regarded as one of the most influential social scientists of the last century. People around the world mourned the death of Margaret Mead in 1978. A year later, the president of the United States, Jimmy Carter, honored the social scientist with America’s highest award for civilians.
1. What can we learn about Mead from the text
A. She was influenced by her mother to be an anthropologist.
B. She majored in psychology and anthropology as an undergraduate.
C. She believed isolated cultures could expose forgotten ways of living to the modern world.
D. She discovered modern societies are less strict in gender roles than primitive ones.
2. It can be inferred from Mead’s study in tribes that ________．
A. the world is filled with separate cultures
B. no gender characteristics are ever simply “human nature”
C. knowing another culture will help us reflect on our own
D. social standards are responsible for individual’s development
3. What does the underlined word “them” in the third paragraph refer to
A. Shared potential among humans.
B. Classifications of gender and race.
C. Social expectations and norms.
D. Individual’s psychological makeup.
4. What’s the passage mainly about
A. The difference between men and women.
B. The recommendation of Mead’s book.
C. The introduction about a great anthropologist.
D. The groundwork for each individual’s makeup.
I get up at 6 am and wait for my guide to the campsite’s restaurant to begin our morning safari(游猎) where we’re surrounded by a group of monkeys who are distracted from biscuit－stealing to create a mixture of loud sounds. Our guide tells us they’ve spied something dangerous hiding around the campsite. It is a huge leopard(豹), who moves quietly past the camp’s watering hole paying absolutely no mind to us.
We’re only at Honeyguide for two nights but we manage to see various species of animals, starting with two groups of lions stopping for a family picnic, where a huge giraffe is the unfortunate creature on the menu. By day two, two male lions have driven the groups away and now sit guarding the_feast,_yellow eyes glaring at us threateningly as we drive worryingly close by. Unfortunately, it was to be this safari’s only giraffe sighting.
Later, our guide spies the legs of a little leopard hanging from a tree branch, its golden coat shining in the afternoon sunlight; and we also see two lions scanning the horizon for their next meal. Princely zebras stand confident, ready for a photo shoot.
Our last afternoon safari drive is cut short and we’re sent back to the campsite as a couple of wild African dogs have caught an impala(黑斑羚) right in the camp’s centre.
At night, I am rudely awakened by the unmistakable sound of an animal crunching(嘎吱嘎吱地嚼) on what could only be bones. And it’s right outside my tent.
Not wanting to come between the dog and what’s probably left of the impala, I lie in a rigid state in bed. An elephant makes a low sound from across the campsite. It’s probably had its good night’s sleep ruined, too.
Eventually morning breaks and I peek(窥视) outside the tent to see what’s going on, fearing seeing impala bones piled outside my door. But there’s only a huge pile of elephant waste, a few animal tracks and the wild dogs, running, mercifully, away from me.
5. Why do the monkeys give out a scream
A. They are afraid of the guide.
B. They are aware of some danger.
C. They are surrounded by visitors.
D. They are caught stealing biscuits.
6. What do the underlined words “the feast” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. The zebra.　　　　　 B. The impala.
C. The giraffe. D. The monkey.
7. What happens towards the end of the safari
A. An elephant ruins the author’s tent completely.
B. The author returns to the campsite earlier than planned.
C. An impala destroys the grass outside the author’s tent.
D. The guide sees a wild African dog in the camp’s centre.
8. Which of the following best describes the author’s feeling on the last night at Honeyguide
A. Nervous. B. Ashamed.
C. Satisfied. D. Regretful.
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
(2021届芜湖二中高三调研)
Very few people know how to check and tune their own bikes and have the tools needed to do so. When it comes to the safety and precision of your ride, it’s best to take it to a shop. __1__．
Check your brake cables(刹车线)．
The problem is that after a few months, bike components start stretching(拉长). Cables may stretch only a little, but that’s enough to affect the precision of changing gears(换挡) and braking. __2__. That’s a big signal that you should have your cables checked.
Check your chain.
Although the stretch may be slight, it still weakens the chain. __3__， leaving you with an acute emergency—like one of the wheels suddenly stops turning. Bike shops have a way of measuring the stretch in a chain. Having it adjusted or purchasing a new chain is always less trouble than a visit to the hospital.
__4__．
When you squeeze brakes, where are the brake pads(刹车片) placed Brake pads that are not in the correct place may cause the brakes to scream. A shop can fix the problem and also suggest whether the pads are worn and need replacing.
Check for safety.
If there’s any problem in the operation of your bike, or vibration(振动) of any part, take the bike in for a tune－up right away. __5__， but never let your satisfaction override your safety.
A. Check for damage
B. Check your brakes
C. It’s a lot of fun to ride your bike
D. That means the chain may break at some point
E. You may fall over the handlebars or break some bones
F. If you ride it often, your bike should be retuned about every four months of riding
G. You may have noticed that your gears no longer change as quickly as they previously did
Ⅲ. 书面表达
(2021届池州市高三第三次质检)
假定你是李华，为了庆祝自己高中毕业，你打算今年暑假与表妹一起去英国曼彻斯特市(Manchester) 自助游，为期十天。请你用英语给住在该市的笔友Elkins写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 告知到达时间并请求接机；
2. 询问注意事项；
3. 表示感谢。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：自助游self－guided trip
Dear Elkins，
I’m writing to tell you that ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours gratefully，
Li Hua
4.1 Women of achievement
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
Margaret Mead, the most famous anthropologist(人类学家) in the world, was born in the USA in 1901. Her father was a professor of finance and her mother was a sociologist. After studying psychology as an undergraduate, Mead began a PhD in the relatively new field of anthropology. Mead was particularly interested in primitive communities because she believed that such isolated cultures could serve as “laboratories” that would reveal ways of living that the modern world had forgotten about but needed to remember.
Having travelled to Samoa, a few tiny volcanic, tropical islands in the center of the Pacific Ocean, Mead gradually got interested in gender roles and discovered that modern societies are far more strict in this area than primitive ones. For example, Americans tend to think of men as productive, sensible, and aggressive, while women are often told they’re more light－hearted, peaceful, and nurturing. But in her book, Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies in 1935, Mead studied tribes in Papua New Guinea and recorded that in the Arapesh tribe, both men and women were peaceful and nurturing, while among the Mundugumor tribe, men and women were both ruthless and aggressive.
Mead’s striking conclusion is that it isn’t gender that makes women curl their hair or listen to people’s feelings, or race that makes some nations regularly attack their neighbors. Rather, it’s the social expectations and norms that have laid the groundwork for each individual’s psychological makeup. “We must recognize，” she reminded her readers, “that beneath the superficial(表面上的) classifications of sex and race, the same potentialities always exist, occurring again generation after generation, only to perish because society has no place for them．”
She is regarded as one of the most influential social scientists of the last century. People around the world mourned the death of Margaret Mead in 1978. A year later, the president of the United States, Jimmy Carter, honored the social scientist with America’s highest award for civilians.
1. What can we learn about Mead from the text
A. She was influenced by her mother to be an anthropologist.
B. She majored in psychology and anthropology as an undergraduate.
C. She believed isolated cultures could expose forgotten ways of living to the modern world.
D. She discovered modern societies are less strict in gender roles than primitive ones.
2. It can be inferred from Mead’s study in tribes that ________．
A. the world is filled with separate cultures
B. no gender characteristics are ever simply “human nature”
C. knowing another culture will help us reflect on our own
D. social standards are responsible for individual’s development
3. What does the underlined word “them” in the third paragraph refer to
A. Shared potential among humans.
B. Classifications of gender and race.
C. Social expectations and norms.
D. Individual’s psychological makeup.
4. What’s the passage mainly about
A. The difference between men and women.
B. The recommendation of Mead’s book.
C. The introduction about a great anthropologist.
D. The groundwork for each individual’s makeup.
1. 答案　C 2. 答案　B 3. 答案　A 4. 答案　C
I get up at 6 am and wait for my guide to the campsite’s restaurant to begin our morning safari(游猎) where we’re surrounded by a group of monkeys who are distracted from biscuit－stealing to create a mixture of loud sounds. Our guide tells us they’ve spied something dangerous hiding around the campsite. It is a huge leopard(豹), who moves quietly past the camp’s watering hole paying absolutely no mind to us.
We’re only at Honeyguide for two nights but we manage to see various species of animals, starting with two groups of lions stopping for a family picnic, where a huge giraffe is the unfortunate creature on the menu. By day two, two male lions have driven the groups away and now sit guarding the_feast,_yellow eyes glaring at us threateningly as we drive worryingly close by. Unfortunately, it was to be this safari’s only giraffe sighting.
Later, our guide spies the legs of a little leopard hanging from a tree branch, its golden coat shining in the afternoon sunlight; and we also see two lions scanning the horizon for their next meal. Princely zebras stand confident, ready for a photo shoot.
Our last afternoon safari drive is cut short and we’re sent back to the campsite as a couple of wild African dogs have caught an impala(黑斑羚) right in the camp’s centre.
At night, I am rudely awakened by the unmistakable sound of an animal crunching(嘎吱嘎吱地嚼) on what could only be bones. And it’s right outside my tent.
Not wanting to come between the dog and what’s probably left of the impala, I lie in a rigid state in bed. An elephant makes a low sound from across the campsite. It’s probably had its good night’s sleep ruined, too.
Eventually morning breaks and I peek(窥视) outside the tent to see what’s going on, fearing seeing impala bones piled outside my door. But there’s only a huge pile of elephant waste, a few animal tracks and the wild dogs, running, mercifully, away from me.
5. Why do the monkeys give out a scream
A. They are afraid of the guide.
B. They are aware of some danger.
C. They are surrounded by visitors.
D. They are caught stealing biscuits.
6. What do the underlined words “the feast” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. The zebra.　　　　　 B. The impala.
C. The giraffe. D. The monkey.
7. What happens towards the end of the safari
A. An elephant ruins the author’s tent completely.
B. The author returns to the campsite earlier than planned.
C. An impala destroys the grass outside the author’s tent.
D. The guide sees a wild African dog in the camp’s centre.
8. Which of the following best describes the author’s feeling on the last night at Honeyguide
A. Nervous. B. Ashamed.
C. Satisfied. D. Regretful.
5. 答案　B 6. 答案　C 7. 答案　B 8. 答案　A
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
(2021届芜湖二中高三调研)
Very few people know how to check and tune their own bikes and have the tools needed to do so. When it comes to the safety and precision of your ride, it’s best to take it to a shop. __1__．
Check your brake cables(刹车线)．
The problem is that after a few months, bike components start stretching(拉长). Cables may stretch only a little, but that’s enough to affect the precision of changing gears(换挡) and braking. __2__. That’s a big signal that you should have your cables checked.
Check your chain.
Although the stretch may be slight, it still weakens the chain. __3__， leaving you with an acute emergency—like one of the wheels suddenly stops turning. Bike shops have a way of measuring the stretch in a chain. Having it adjusted or purchasing a new chain is always less trouble than a visit to the hospital.
__4__．
When you squeeze brakes, where are the brake pads(刹车片) placed Brake pads that are not in the correct place may cause the brakes to scream. A shop can fix the problem and also suggest whether the pads are worn and need replacing.
Check for safety.
If there’s any problem in the operation of your bike, or vibration(振动) of any part, take the bike in for a tune－up right away. __5__， but never let your satisfaction override your safety.
A. Check for damage
B. Check your brakes
C. It’s a lot of fun to ride your bike
D. That means the chain may break at some point
E. You may fall over the handlebars or break some bones
F. If you ride it often, your bike should be retuned about every four months of riding
G. You may have noticed that your gears no longer change as quickly as they previously did
1. 答案　F 2. 答案　G 3. 答案　D 4. 答案　B 5. 答案　C
Ⅲ. 书面表达
(2021届池州市高三第三次质检)
假定你是李华，为了庆祝自己高中毕业，你打算今年暑假与表妹一起去英国曼彻斯特市(Manchester) 自助游，为期十天。请你用英语给住在该市的笔友Elkins写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 告知到达时间并请求接机；
2. 询问注意事项；
3. 表示感谢。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：自助游self－guided trip
Dear Elkins，
I’m writing to tell you that ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours gratefully，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Elkins，
I’m writing to tell you that I will go to your city for a ten－day self－guided trip with my cousin during the coming summer vacation in celebration of my graduation from high school.
We are scheduled to reach Manchester on 20th July. Could you please pick us up at the airport as we have no idea of how to arrive at our hotel Moreover, although we have surfed the Internet for not only some nice tourist attractions but also some do’s and don’ts while visiting Manchester, we are still a little bit worried. I hope you can give us more advice about these things.
I would appreciate it if you could send me a reply as soon as possible.
Yours gratefully，
Li Hua