2022年高考英语复习专题课件 句子成分和基本句型讲解课件（59张ppt）
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| 名称 | 2022年高考英语复习专题课件 句子成分和基本句型讲解课件（59张ppt） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-01-06 21:20:22 | ||
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(共59张PPT)
高中英语9种句子成分和5种基本句型
教学目标：看到任意一句话能准确说出其句子成分；能够掌握英语中的5种基本句型。
意义：学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。
9种句子成分
①主语
②谓语
③表语
④宾语
⑤定语
⑥状语
⑦补语
⑧同位语
⑨插入语
I met my best friend Tom at the station
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
状
语
①主语
定义：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。
通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、名词化的形容词、动名词、句子或it做形式主语担任。
Jane is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
Whether they will come or not depends on the weather.
The young should respect the old.
Four plus four is eight.
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
什么情况下用it作形式主语？
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗 你懂得翻译下列句子吗？
1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( )
2) It is no use arguing about it. ( )
3) It is uncertain who will come. ( )
说谎是错误的。
争吵是没用的。
谁要来还不确定。
1. We love China.
2. She seems tired.
3. He can speak English
4. We have finished reading this book.
②谓语
定义:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由
______ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,系动词,情态动词和助动词.
动词
实义动词
系动词
情态动词
助动词
（V.）
1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be （am,is ,are,was,were,been,being）一词
He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay
He always kept silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
系动词
3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired.
He seems (to be) very sad.
4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste
This flower smells very sweet.
5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come
He became mad after that.
6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out
The rumor proved false.
这谣言证实有假。
His plan turned out a success.
他的计划终于成功了。
③表语
定义：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示
③表语
定义：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示
My father is a professor.
Who's that It's me.
Everything here is expensive.
The match became very exciting.
The story of my life may be of help to others.
Three times five is fifteen.
His plan is to seek work in the city.
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
His hobbyis playing football.
Time is up. The class is over.
④宾语
定义：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语种类：
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
They saw an exhibition（展览）yesterday.
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
He pretended not to see me.
I enjoy listening to popular music.
I think（that）he is fit for his office.
They saw an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
⑤定语
定义：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。
Guilin is a beautiful city.
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
There are thirty women teachers is our school.
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprise.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
⑥状语
定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语.
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状 语从句）
状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
The best fish swim near the bottom.
I left the village five years ago.
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .
We'll send a car to fetch you.
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.
If he goes, so will I .
Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
⑦补语
定义：补充说明宾语用的叫宾语补足语；
补充说明主语用的叫主语补足语。
宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
His father named him Dongming.
They painted their boat white.
Let the fresh air in.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.We saw her entering the room.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
They elected me captain of the team.
We try to make our country strong.
I was elected captain of the team.
Our country will be made strong.
⑧同位语
定义：对前面的名词或者代词做进一步的解释。通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词或从句担任。
⑴The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.
⑵This is my cousin, Helen.
⑶We students should study hard.
⑷We all are students.
⑨插入语
定义：对一句话作一些附加的解释。通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、或从句等担任。
⑴To be frank, I don't quite agree with you.
⑵This , I think, is the best way to help them.
二.五种基本句型
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
动词
系动词
不及物动词
及物动词
主语+系+表语
主语+谓语
体验5种基本句型
Time flies.
I love you.
I will give you a kiss.
You make me happy.
You are my angel.
基本句型一：S+V (主+谓）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. Time 2. The moon 3. She 4. They 5. He flies.
rose.
sings beautifully.
talked for half an hour.
walked yesterday
Exercise（翻译下面句子）
我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。
______________________________________________________________________
小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘
里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴.
______________________________________________________________________.
Exercise（翻译句子）
我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。
______________________________________________________________________
小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘
里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴.
______________________________________________________________________.
Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.
The birds sings happily in the tree, the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoys myself.
基本句型二：S+V +O(主+谓+宾）
释义：句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ Ｖt（实义动词） Ｏ(宾语)
1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6.Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
donuts.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
基本句型三：S+V +IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） IO（多指人） DO（多指物）
1. She 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed him her husband you her him him me a new dress.
a delicious meal.
a dictionary.
nothing.
my pictures.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
that the bus was late.
基本句型四：S+V +O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） Ｏ（宾语） Ｃ（宾补）
1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad
out.
to come back soon.
getting on the bus.
1．我们叫她Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3．他们把小偷释放了。
4．我要你把真相告诉我。
Exercise: 翻译句子
1．我们叫她Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3．他们把小偷释放了。
4．我要你把真相告诉我。
Exercise: 翻译句子
We call her Alice.
All of us considered him honest.
They have set the thief free.
I want you to tell me the truth.
基本句型五：S+V+P(主+系+表）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
Ｓ Linking-V 系动词） Ｐ(表语)
1. This is an English dictionary.
2. The dinner smells good.
3. He fell happy.
4. Everything looks different.
5. He is tall and strong.
6. The book is interesting.
7.The weather became warmer.
8. His face turned red.
1.孩子们很少保持安静。
2.他失业了。
3.树叶已经变黄了。
4.这个报告听起来很有意思。
Exercise: 翻译句子
1.孩子们很少保持安静。
2.他失业了。
3.树叶已经变黄了。
4.这个报告听起来很有意思。
Exercise: 翻译句子
Children seldom keep quiet.
He is out of work.
The leaves have turned yellow.
The report sounds interesting
高中英语9种句子成分和5种基本句型
教学目标：看到任意一句话能准确说出其句子成分；能够掌握英语中的5种基本句型。
意义：学会判断句子成分对以后学习难句奠定了基础。
9种句子成分
①主语
②谓语
③表语
④宾语
⑤定语
⑥状语
⑦补语
⑧同位语
⑨插入语
I met my best friend Tom at the station
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
状
语
①主语
定义：表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。
通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、名词化的形容词、动名词、句子或it做形式主语担任。
Jane is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
Whether they will come or not depends on the weather.
The young should respect the old.
Four plus four is eight.
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
什么情况下用it作形式主语？
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗 你懂得翻译下列句子吗？
1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( )
2) It is no use arguing about it. ( )
3) It is uncertain who will come. ( )
说谎是错误的。
争吵是没用的。
谁要来还不确定。
1. We love China.
2. She seems tired.
3. He can speak English
4. We have finished reading this book.
②谓语
定义:说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由
______ 充当.动词常分为实义动词,系动词,情态动词和助动词.
动词
实义动词
系动词
情态动词
助动词
（V.）
1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be （am,is ,are,was,were,been,being）一词
He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay
He always kept silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
系动词
3）表像系动词，用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired.
He seems (to be) very sad.
4）感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste
This flower smells very sweet.
5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come
He became mad after that.
6）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out
The rumor proved false.
这谣言证实有假。
His plan turned out a success.
他的计划终于成功了。
③表语
定义：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示
③表语
定义：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示
My father is a professor.
Who's that It's me.
Everything here is expensive.
The match became very exciting.
The story of my life may be of help to others.
Three times five is fifteen.
His plan is to seek work in the city.
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
His hobbyis playing football.
Time is up. The class is over.
④宾语
定义：表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
宾语种类：
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
They saw an exhibition（展览）yesterday.
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.
He pretended not to see me.
I enjoy listening to popular music.
I think（that）he is fit for his office.
They saw an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
⑤定语
定义：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。
Guilin is a beautiful city.
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.
There are thirty women teachers is our school.
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.
He is reading an article about how to learn English.
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprise.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
⑥状语
定义：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语.
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状 语从句）
状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。
The best fish swim near the bottom.
I left the village five years ago.
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .
We'll send a car to fetch you.
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.
If he goes, so will I .
Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
⑦补语
定义：补充说明宾语用的叫宾语补足语；
补充说明主语用的叫主语补足语。
宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
His father named him Dongming.
They painted their boat white.
Let the fresh air in.
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.We saw her entering the room.
We found everything in the lab in good order.
We will soon make our city what your city is now.
宾语补足语。英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
主语补足语 如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
They elected me captain of the team.
We try to make our country strong.
I was elected captain of the team.
Our country will be made strong.
⑧同位语
定义：对前面的名词或者代词做进一步的解释。通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词或从句担任。
⑴The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number of foreign friends.
⑵This is my cousin, Helen.
⑶We students should study hard.
⑷We all are students.
⑨插入语
定义：对一句话作一些附加的解释。通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词、或从句等担任。
⑴To be frank, I don't quite agree with you.
⑵This , I think, is the best way to help them.
二.五种基本句型
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
动词
系动词
不及物动词
及物动词
主语+系+表语
主语+谓语
体验5种基本句型
Time flies.
I love you.
I will give you a kiss.
You make me happy.
You are my angel.
基本句型一：S+V (主+谓）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. Time 2. The moon 3. She 4. They 5. He flies.
rose.
sings beautifully.
talked for half an hour.
walked yesterday
Exercise（翻译下面句子）
我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。
______________________________________________________________________
小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘
里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴.
______________________________________________________________________.
Exercise（翻译句子）
我每天起的很早，走到小花园，坐在凳子上。
______________________________________________________________________
小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱，鱼儿在池塘
里自由的嬉戏，我玩得也高兴.
______________________________________________________________________.
Every day I get up early, walk to the park and sit on the bench.
The birds sings happily in the tree, the fish plays freely in the pool and I also enjoys myself.
基本句型二：S+V +O(主+谓+宾）
释义：句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ Ｖt（实义动词） Ｏ(宾语)
1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6.Danny 7. I 4. He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer
her.
English.
cakes.
some apples.
donuts.
to have a cup of tea.
"Good morning."
基本句型三：S+V +IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） IO（多指人） DO（多指物）
1. She 2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 8. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed him her husband you her him him me a new dress.
a delicious meal.
a dictionary.
nothing.
my pictures.
a hand.
how to run the machine.
that the bus was late.
基本句型四：S+V +O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ Ｖ（及物） Ｏ（宾语） Ｃ（宾补）
1. We 2. They 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.
green.
dinner.
dirty.
sad
out.
to come back soon.
getting on the bus.
1．我们叫她Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3．他们把小偷释放了。
4．我要你把真相告诉我。
Exercise: 翻译句子
1．我们叫她Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3．他们把小偷释放了。
4．我要你把真相告诉我。
Exercise: 翻译句子
We call her Alice.
All of us considered him honest.
They have set the thief free.
I want you to tell me the truth.
基本句型五：S+V+P(主+系+表）
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。
Ｓ Linking-V 系动词） Ｐ(表语)
1. This is an English dictionary.
2. The dinner smells good.
3. He fell happy.
4. Everything looks different.
5. He is tall and strong.
6. The book is interesting.
7.The weather became warmer.
8. His face turned red.
1.孩子们很少保持安静。
2.他失业了。
3.树叶已经变黄了。
4.这个报告听起来很有意思。
Exercise: 翻译句子
1.孩子们很少保持安静。
2.他失业了。
3.树叶已经变黄了。
4.这个报告听起来很有意思。
Exercise: 翻译句子
Children seldom keep quiet.
He is out of work.
The leaves have turned yellow.
The report sounds interesting