专题八 介词 讲义
一、表示时间和日期的介词
1. in, on, at
in用在表示年份、季节、月份，或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前
on用在表示某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前
at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的名词前
例：We will have a meeting at 8 o'clock in the morning on Sunday.
我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。
2. for, during, through
for后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用
during表示“在……期间”
through表示“一直……，自始至终”
例：The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds.
这个新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟。
I went to France during the summer holiday.
暑假期间我去了法国。
They worked hard through the winter.
整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
3. from, since
from表示时间的起点，意为“从……”，多用于“from...to/ till...”中
since表示“自从……以来”
例：I have been waiting here from morning till noon.
我在这里从早上等到了中午。
Great changes have taken place in our school since Dec, 2015.
自从2015年12月以来，我们学校发生了很大变化。
注意：for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点
如：for two hours (持续) 两小时；
since last week 从上周直到现在
4. before, by, till/ until
before表示“在……之前”，与after相对
by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”，by后接过去时间时，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间时，常与将来完成时连用
till/ until表示“直到……为止”，在肯定句中，till/ until必须与延续性动词连用；在否定句中，till/ until常与非延续性动词连用
例：Please come before ten o'clock.
请在十点钟以前回来。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.
在9月30日之前，你必须支付账单。
You must wait for him till/ until tomorrow.
你必须一直等他到明天。
5. after, in
after+一段时间：表示“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但当after后跟时间点时，可用于各种时态
in+一段时间：表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，可用于各种时态
例：After eight it began to rain.
八点后开始下雨。
Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.
简很匆忙，因为去机场的火车半小时内就发车了。
练习：
1. First celebrated _______ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions.
2. My grandmother was going to celebrate her 90th birthday _______ March 4th.
3. _______ the end of this year, they will have finished the work.
答案
1. 答案：in
解析：句意：1970年第一次庆祝该节日，现在地球日包括了190多个国家和地区的活动。in表示“在（某月、某年、某季节等）”。
2. 答案：on
解析：表示抽象时间用in，表示具体时间用on。3月4日为具体时间，应用介词on。
3. 答案：By
解析：by the end of只能表示时间，意为“在……结束前，到……结束为止”，常用于完成时。
二、方位介词
介词 意义 例句
in 在……之内 The students are reading in the classroom. 学生们在教师里读书。
on 在……上面 The boat is on the river. 那条船在河上。
over 在……（正）上方 There are several bridges over the river. 河上有好几座桥。
under 在……（正）下方 The boat sailed under the river. 船行驶在河上。
above 在……上方 The plane flew above the clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。
below 在……下方 The sun sinks below the horizon. 太阳沉没在地平线下。
by 在……旁边 Our house is by the river. 我们的房子在河边。
beside Come and sit beside me. 过来坐在我旁边。
near 在……附近 I don't need a car because I live near the city centre. 我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。
next to 紧挨…… My best friend sits next to me in class. 上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
behind 在……后面 Olive hid behind a tree. 奥列弗藏在一棵树后面.
before 在……之前 He made a speech before a large audience. 他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。
outside 在……外面 He parked his car outside the heater. 他把汽车停在剧场外面。
(a)round 围绕…… All sat around the table. 所有的人围绕着桌子坐。
练习：
1. My brother can never find anything in the kitchen because he never looks _______ the first row of things in the cupboard!
2. Michael was happy that he had a roof _______ his head when it rained.
3. The times of the wedding ceremony and the reception are both _______ the invitation.
答案
1. 答案：behind
解析：句意：我弟弟在厨房里找不到任何东西，因为他从来不看橱柜里第一排东西的后面！behind表示“在……后面”。
2. 答案：over
解析：句意：Michael很开心下雨时他头上有屋顶。over表示“在……上方”，强调覆盖某一物体或在某一物体的正上方。
3. 答案：on
解析：句意：婚礼的时间和接待地点都在请柬上。on表示“在……之上”，用于地点，主要指在某物的表面。
三、表示计量的介词
1. at表示“以……速度，以……价格”
例：He bargained with the assistant, trying to get this bicycle at a low price.
他和店员讨价还价，试图便宜买下这辆自行车。
2. for表示“用……交换，以……为代价”
例：He sold his car for 500 dollars.
他以五百美元把车卖了。
3. by表示“按……计算”，后跟度量单位。接具体单位时，该名词前用定冠词the；接具体度量名词时，该名词前不加冠词
例：They are paid by the day.
他们按天计算报酬。
练习：
1. Trains with the first letter D or Z can run _______ a speed of more than 200 kilometers an hour when it travels across the desert.
2. Here eggs are sold _______ weight.
1. 答案：at
解析：句意：以字母D或者Z 开头的火车穿过沙漠时速度可达每小时200 多千米。at a speed of 表示“以……的速度”。
2. 答案：by
解析：句意：在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。by表示“按……计算”，后跟度量单位。接具体度量名词时，该名词前不加冠词。
四、表工具、手段、方式的介词
1. 表示出行方式的by, in, on
(1) by
① 不涉及交通工具的名词且名词前不带冠词、物主代词
例：by sea, by water, by land, by air
② 涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名词前不加冠词等修饰语
例：by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/ boat, by train, by spaceship
(2) in, on
① 当出行方式涉及特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语
例：travel to New York on this plane, go to school in my car
② 步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on
例：on foot, on horseback/ on a horse, on a camel
2. with, in
(1) with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰
例：They are digging with a pick/ spade.
他们正用一把镐/铲挖。
(2) in后加原料、语言、钢笔、铅笔等；in后加大小写字母
例：Please answer me in English.
请用英语回答我。
Please write in capital letters.
请用大写字母写。
3. 注意以下固定短语
on/ over the telephone/ radio 通过电话/ 广播
in this/ that way 这样/ 那样
by this/ that means 用这/ 那种方式
with this/ that method 用这/ 那种方式
练习：
1. Katherine usually goes to work _______ bus, but sometimes she goes on foot.
2. _______ this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.
答案
1. 答案：by
解析：by表示乘坐某种交通工具时，其后接的名词前不用任何冠词，如by bus，by sea，by air等。
2. 答案：In
解析：句意：这样， 我相信大家或许能够像我一样， 享受乘坐公共汽车的乐趣。in this way表示“这样”。
五、表示“除……之外”的介词
1. besides表示包含，“除……之外还有……”。except表示排除，“除……之外”，指整体里面排除部分，后面可接代词、副词、介词短语，还可接that从句或wh-从句。
2. but表示排除，多与nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all，who等连用，其后可以接不定式。
3. except for表示“除……之外”，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加以修正。
4. apart from表示“此外，除……之外还有……”时，相当于besides/ as well as；表示“撇开……来说，除去”时，相当于except (for)。
5. in addition to表示“除……之外还有……”，相当于besides。
例：Apart from going shopping, the old lady likes walking except when it rains.
天不下雨时，这位老太太除了购物还喜欢散步。
It is a beautiful city, except for its traffic.
除了交通问题，它是一座美丽的城市。
练习：
1. Do you play any other sports _______ football and basketball
2. He seldom talked of anything _______ painting.
答案
1. 答案：besides
解析：句意：除了足球和篮球外，你还参与別的体育活动吗？besides表示包含，“除……之外还有……”。
2. 答案： but
解析：句意：除了绘画他很少谈其他事。but表示“排除”，多与nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all，who等连用，其后可以接不定式。
六、表示原因的介词
1. for表示原因，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用
例：The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.
史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。
2. at指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到……而……”
例：He was surprised at the news.
他对这个消息感到吃惊。
3. from指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸、劳累等
例：Suffering from overwork, she is out of shape.
由于工作过度，她健康状况不好。
4. of指“内在的原因”，如疾病、饥饿、年老等
例：If they don't find enough bamboo, pandas will die of hunger.
如果找不到足够的竹子，熊猫会死于饥饿。
5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因
例：He was trembling with cold.
他冷得发抖。
6. by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因
例：She took your umbrella by mistake.
她错拿了你的伞。
练习：
1. Our country is famous _______ its long history.
2. He was shaking _______ anger.
答案
1. 答案：for
解析：句意：我们国家因悠久的历史而闻名。for表示原因，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用。
2. 答案：with
解析：句意：他气得浑身发抖。with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。
七、of和to
1. of + 抽象名词 = 形容词
(1) of + great/ much + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词
(2) of + no + 抽象名词 = not + 形容词
例：The book is of great value to our research.
这本书对我们的研究有很大价值。
This old machine is of no use.
这台旧机器没用了。
2. to + one's + 情感名词 = to the + 情感名词 + of sb.
例：To our great surprise, the boy lied to the teacher.
令我们非常吃惊的是，那个男孩对老师撒谎了。
To my great amusement, his false beard fell off.
使我感到极其好笑的是，他的假胡子掉下来了。
练习：
1. It's _______ great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxious.
2. _______ our amazement, the face of the city keeps on changing every day.
答案
1. 答案：of
解析：句意：如果你感到担心或焦虑，寻求帮助并且让人们知道你的感受是非常重要的。考查介词。of importance = important。of + 抽象名词 = 形容词。
2. 答案：To
解析：句意：令我们大为惊异的是，这座城市的面貌每天都在发生变化。to + one's + 情感名词 = to the + 情感名词 + of sb.。
八、against的用法
1.（表示方向）与……方向相反；逆着；迎着；顶着。
例：against the wind 迎着风；逆着风
2.（表示方位）紧靠着……；倚靠着……。
例：against the wall 靠着墙
3.（表示对比）和……比；和……对照；以……为背景。
例：against the blue sky 以蓝天为背景
4.（表示对象）对……不利；对……有害；以……为竞争对手；违反；违背。
例：fight against 同……战斗；against the natural law 违背自然规律
It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
完成这项工程的确是和时间的一场赛跑。幸运的是，我们做到了。
练习：
1. The ship has to sail _______ the wind to reach the port.
2. These blossoms look so beautiful _______ the blue sky.
答案
1. 答案：against
解析：句意：这条船必须逆风航行才能到达港口。against（表示方向）“与……方向相反；逆着；迎着；顶着”。
2. 答案：against
解析：句意：这些花在蓝天的映衬下是如此美丽。against（表示对比）“和……比；和……对照；以……为背景”。
九、beyond的用法
1. 表示“（时间）过了，比……晚，迟于”。
例：They arrived beyond nine o'clock.
他们过了9点才到。
He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.
他把那件事拖过了规定的时间。
2. 表示“（位置）在……的那边，在……以外”。
例：The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.
那个小村庄在离城20英里以外的地方。
The village is beyond the mountain.
村庄在山的那边。
These students came from beyond the seas.
这些学生来自海外。
3. 表示“（范围）超过，为……所不及”。
例：This book is beyond me.
这本书我看不懂。
He is living beyond his income.
他的生活入不敷出。
Her work is beyond praise.
她的工作令人赞不绝口。
Good health is beyond price.
健康的身体是无价之宝。
It was a case beyond the doctor's skill.
那位医生治不了这种病。
练习：
1. Don't stay out _______ ten o'clock.
2. These were matters _______ his understanding as yet.
答案
1. 答案：beyond
解析：句意：在外面逗留不得超过10点钟。beyond表示“（时间）过了，比……晚，迟于”。
2. 答案：beyond
解析：句意：这些事情他那时候还不了解。beyond表示“（范围）超过，为……所不及”。
十、with的用法
1. 和……在一起，和，同，跟
例：Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there, with their three little children.
史密斯夫妇和他们三个年幼的孩子都在那儿。
2. 表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进，意为“随着”
例：With time passing by, they have grown into big boys.
随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子了。
3. 表示“带有”，表伴随
例：The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.
服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。
4. 表示某人的行为方式或某事的发生方式
例：The stranger spoke with a foreign accent.
那个陌生人说话带外国口音。
5. 指原因或理由
例：She was shivering with cold.
她冷得直发抖。
练习
1. I'm going to finish the job _______ my friends.
2. Ocean currents changed _______ the climate and probably led the fish into different areas.
答案
1. 答案：with
解析：句意：我要和朋友们一起把活干完。with表示“和……在一起，和，同，跟”。
2. 答案：with
解析：句意：洋流随气候变化而变化，并可能会把鱼带到不同的区域。with表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进，意为“随着”。
十一、常用介词短语
1. at
at lunch 在吃午饭
at table 在吃饭
at school 在上学
at peace 在和平时期
at first = at the beginning 起初
at the beginning of 在……的初始阶段
at the end of... 在……结束时
2. in
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in common 共同；共有
in place 在适当的位置
in practice 在实践中；实际上
in public 公开地；当众
in turn 依次；轮流；反过来
in case 以免；万一
in detail 详细地
in office 执政；在位
in power 当权；在执政
in progress 在进行中
in return 作为回报
in time 及时；最终
in the way 挡路
in exchange for 用以交换……
in favour of 同意；支持
in the meanwhile 同时
in spite of 不管；不顾
in terms of 就……来说
in addition to 此外；除……以外
3. on
on behalf of 代表
on condition that 以……作为条件
on sale 出售
on strike 在罢工
on the increase 正在增加
on the air 正在广播
on the contrary 相反
4. under
under control 在控制之中
under discussion 在讨论中
under development 在发展中
under construction 在建设中
under repair 在修理中
5. for
for lack of 由于缺乏
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
as for 就……而论；关于
6. by
by chance = by accident 偶然；碰巧
by name 凭名字；用……的名字
by far 到目前为止
7. out of
out of order 发生故障；失调
out of place 不得其所的；不适当的
out of control 失去控制
out of one's reach 某人够不着的地方
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫无疑问
练习：
1. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped _______ the mountains for two days.
2. In China, you pour tea into cups yourself; if you spill the water, you are responsible _______ it.
3. During the past few years, the Palace Museum has been working hard to get the public familiar _______ the history and culture of the Forbidden City.
答案
1. 答案：in
解析：句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山上两天的游客。be trapped in…为固定搭配，表示“被困在……”。
2. 答案：for
解析：句意：在中国，你自己把茶倒进杯子里。如果你把水洒了，你要为此负责。be responsible for为固定搭配，表示“为……负责”。
3. 答案：with
解析：句意：在过去的几年里，故宫博物院一直在努力让公众熟悉紫禁城的历史和文化。get sb. familiar with sth.为固定搭配，表示“使某人熟悉某物”。(共60张PPT)
新教材新高考
2022届高考二轮复习课件通
专题八 介词
一、表示时间和日期的介词
1. in, on, at
in用在表示年份、季节、月份，或泛指上午、下午或晚上的名词前
on用在表示某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上的名词前
at用在表示某一时刻或时间上的某一点的名词前
例：We will have a meeting at 8 o'clock in the morning on Sunday.
我们将在星期天早上八点钟开会。
2. for, during, through
for后接“一段时间”，表示某事持续多久，多与完成时连用
during表示“在……期间”
through表示“一直……，自始至终”
一、表示时间和日期的介词
2. for, during, through
例：The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds.
这个新来的男孩看了老师几秒钟。
I went to France during the summer holiday.
暑假期间我去了法国。
They worked hard through the winter.
整个冬天他们都在努力工作。
一、表示时间和日期的介词
3. from, since
from表示时间的起点，意为“从……”，多用于“from...to/ till...”中
since表示“自从……以来”
例：I have been waiting here from morning till noon.
我在这里从早上等到了中午。
一、表示时间和日期的介词
3. from, since
Great changes have taken place in our school since Dec, 2015.
自从2015年12月以来，我们学校发生了很大变化。
注意：for和since都常与完成时连用，但for接时间段，since接时间点
如：for two hours (持续) 两小时
since last week 从上周直到现在
一、表示时间和日期的介词
4. before, by, till/ until
before表示“在……之前”，与after相对
by指“不迟于，到……时为止，在……以前”，by后接过去时间时，常与过去完成时连用；by后接将来时间时，常与将来完成时连用
till/ until表示“直到……为止”，在肯定句中，till/ until必须与延续性动词连用；在否定句中，till/ until常与非延续性动词连用
一、表示时间和日期的介词
4. before, by, till/ until
例：Please come before ten o'clock.
请在十点钟以前回来。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.
在9月30日之前，你必须支付账单。
You must wait for him till/ until tomorrow.
你必须一直等他到明天。
一、表示时间和日期的介词
5. after, in
after+一段时间：表示“在……之后”，用于一般过去时；但当after后跟时间点时，可用于各种时态
in+一段时间：表示以说话时为起点一段时间之后，与一般将来时连用；但表示“在……之内”时，可用于各种时态
一、表示时间和日期的介词
5. after, in
例：After eight it began to rain.
八点后开始下雨。
Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves in half an hour.
简很匆忙，因为去机场的火车半小时内就发车了。
一、表示时间和日期的介词
练习
1. First celebrated _______ 1970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions.
解析：句意：1970年第一次庆祝该节日，现在地球日包括了190多个国家和地区的活动。in表示“在（某月、某年、某季节等）”。
in
练习
2. My grandmother was going to celebrate her 90th birthday _______ March 4th.
解析：表示抽象时间用in，表示具体时间用on。3月4日为具体时间，应用介词on。
3. _______ the end of this year, they will have finished the work.
解析：by the end of只能表示时间，意为“在……结束前，到……结束为止”，常用于完成时。
on
By
二、方位介词
介词 意义 例句
in 在……之内 The students are reading in the classroom.
学生们在教师里读书。
on 在……上面 The boat is on the river.
那条船在河上。
over 在……（正）上方 There are several bridges over the river.
河上有好几座桥。
under 在……（正）下方 The boat sailed under the river.
船行驶在河上。
above 在……上方 The plane flew above the clouds.
飞机在云上飞行。
below 在……下方 The sun sinks below the horizon.
太阳沉没在地平线下。
by 在……旁边 Our house is by the river.
我们的房子在河边。
beside Come and sit beside me.
过来坐在我旁边。
二、方位介词
介词 意义 例句
near 在……附近 I don't need a car because I live near the city centre.
我不需要汽车，因为我住在靠近市中心。
next to 紧挨…… My best friend sits next to me in class.
上课时我最好的朋友坐在我的旁边。
behind 在……后面 Olive hid behind a tree.
奥列弗藏在一棵树后面.
before 在……之前 He made a speech before a large audience.
他在许多观众面前发表了讲话。
outside 在……外面 He parked his car outside the heater.
他把汽车停在剧场外面。
(a)round 围绕…… All sat around the table.
所有的人围绕着桌子坐。
练习
1. My brother can never find anything in the kitchen because he never looks __________ the first row of things in the cupboard!
解析：句意：我弟弟在厨房里找不到任何东西，因为他从来不看橱柜里第一排东西的后面！behind表示“在……后面”。
behind
练习
2. Michael was happy that he had a roof _______ his head when it rained.
解析：句意：Michael很开心下雨时他头上有屋顶。over表示“在……上方”，强调覆盖某一物体或在某一物体的正上方。
over
练习
3. The times of the wedding ceremony and the reception are both _______ the invitation.
解析：句意：婚礼的时间和接待地点都在请柬上。on表示“在……之上”，用于地点，主要指在某物的表面。
on
1. at表示“以……速度，以……价格”
例：He bargained with the assistant, trying to get this bicycle at a low price.
他和店员讨价还价，试图便宜买下这辆自行车。
2. for表示“用……交换，以……为代价”
例：He sold his car for 500 dollars.
他以五百美元把车卖了。
三、表示计量的介词
3. by表示“按……计算”，后跟度量单位。接具体单位时，该名词前用定冠词the；接具体度量名词时，该名词前不加冠词
例：They are paid by the day.
他们按天计算报酬。
三、表示计量的介词
练习
1. Trains with the first letter D or Z can run _______ a speed of more than 200 kilometers an hour when it travels across the desert.
解析：句意：以字母D或者Z 开头的火车穿过沙漠时速度可达每小时200 多千米。at a speed of 表示“以……的速度”。
at
练习
2. Here eggs are sold _______ weight.
解析：句意：在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。by表示“按……计算”，后跟度量单位。接具体度量名词时，该名词前不加冠词。
by
1. 表示出行方式的by, in, on
(1) by
① 不涉及交通工具的名词且名词前不带冠词、物主代词
例：by sea, by water, by land, by air
② 涉及交通工具的单数名词且该名词前不加冠词等修饰语
例：by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/ boat, by train, by spaceship
四、表工具、手段、方式的介词
1. 表示出行方式的by, in, on
(2) in, on
① 当出行方式涉及特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语
例：travel to New York on this plane, go to school in my car
② 步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on
例：on foot, on horseback/ on a horse, on a camel
四、表工具、手段、方式的介词
2. with, in
(1) with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰
例：They are digging with a pick/ spade.
他们正用一把镐/铲挖。
(2) in后加原料、语言、钢笔、铅笔等；in后加大小写字母
例：Please answer me in English. 请用英语回答我。
Please write in capital letters. 请用大写字母写。
四、表工具、手段、方式的介词
3. 注意以下固定短语
on/ over the telephone/ radio 通过电话/ 广播
in this/ that way 这样/ 那样
by this/ that means 用这/ 那种方式
with this/ that method 用这/ 那种方式
四、表工具、手段、方式的介词
练习
1. Katherine usually goes to work _______ bus, but sometimes she goes on foot.
解析：by表示乘坐某种交通工具时，其后接的名词前不用任何冠词，如by bus，by sea，by air等。
2. _______ this way, I believe that all the people may be able to enjoy the bus ride like me.
解析：句意：这样， 我相信大家或许能够像我一样， 享受乘坐公共汽车的乐趣。in this way表示“这样”。
by
In
五、表示“除……之外”的介词
1. besides表示包含，“除……之外还有……”。except表示排除，“除……之外”，指整体里面排除部分，后面可接代词、副词、介词短语，还可接that从句或wh-从句。
2. but表示排除，多与nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all，who等连用，其后可以接不定式。
五、表示“除……之外”的介词
3. except for表示“除……之外”，常在说明基本情况后，从细节上加以修正。
4. apart from表示“此外，除……之外还有……”时，相当于besides/ as well as；表示“撇开……来说，除去”时，相当于except (for)。
五、表示“除……之外”的介词
5. in addition to表示“除……之外还有……”，相当于besides。
例：Apart from going shopping, the old lady likes walking except when it rains.
天不下雨时，这位老太太除了购物还喜欢散步。
It is a beautiful city, except for its traffic.
除了交通问题，它是一座美丽的城市。
练习
1. Do you play any other sports __________ football and basketball
解析：句意：除了足球和篮球外，你还参与別的体育活动吗？besides表示包含，“除……之外还有……”。
2. He seldom talked of anything _______ painting.
解析：句意：除了绘画他很少谈其他事。but表示“排除”，多与nobody，none，no one，nothing，anything，everyone，all，who等连用，其后可以接不定式。
besides
but
1. for表示原因，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用
例：The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.
史密斯夫妇因培养孩子的方式而受到了表扬。
2. at指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到……而……”
例：He was surprised at the news. 他对这个消息感到吃惊。
六、表示原因的介词
3. from指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸、劳累等
例：Suffering from overwork, she is out of shape.
由于工作过度，她健康状况不好。
4. of指“内在的原因”，如疾病、饥饿、年老等
例：If they don't find enough bamboo, pandas will die of hunger.
如果找不到足够的竹子，熊猫会死于饥饿。
六、表示原因的介词
5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因
例：He was trembling with cold.
他冷得发抖。
6. by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因
例：She took your umbrella by mistake.
她错拿了你的伞。
六、表示原因的介词
练习
1. Our country is famous _______ its long history.
解析：句意：我们国家因悠久的历史而闻名。for表示原因，常与sorry，famous，punish，praise，thank，blame等词连用。
2. He was shaking _______ anger.
解析：句意：他气得浑身发抖。with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。
for
with
1. of + 抽象名词 = 形容词
(1) of + great/ much + 抽象名词 = very + 形容词
(2) of + no + 抽象名词 = not + 形容词
例：The book is of great value to our research.
这本书对我们的研究有很大价值。
This old machine is of no use.
这台旧机器没用了。
七、of 和 to
2. to + one's + 情感名词 = to the + 情感名词 + of sb.
例：To our great surprise, the boy lied to the teacher.
令我们非常吃惊的是，那个男孩对老师撒谎了。
To my great amusement, his false beard fell off.
使我感到极其好笑的是，他的假胡子掉下来了。
七、of 和 to
练习
1. It's _______ great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxious.
解析：句意：如果你感到担心或焦虑，寻求帮助并且让人们知道你的感受是非常重要的。考查介词。of importance = important。of + 抽象名词 = 形容词。
of
练习
2. _______ our amazement, the face of the city keeps on changing every day.
解析：句意：令我们大为惊异的是，这座城市的面貌每天都在发生变化。to + one's + 情感名词 = to the + 情感名词 + of sb.。
To
1.（表示方向）与……方向相反；逆着；迎着；顶着。
例：against the wind 迎着风；逆着风
2.（表示方位）紧靠着……；倚靠着……。
例：against the wall 靠着墙
3.（表示对比）和……比；和……对照；以……为背景。
例：against the blue sky 以蓝天为背景
八、against的用法
4.（表示对象）对……不利；对……有害；以……为竞争对手；违反；违背。
例：fight against 同……战斗；against the natural law 违背自然规律
It was a real race against time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
完成这项工程的确是和时间的一场赛跑。幸运的是，我们做到了。
八、against的用法
练习
1. The ship has to sail __________ the wind to reach the port.
解析：句意：这条船必须逆风航行才能到达港口。against（表示方向）“与……方向相反；逆着；迎着；顶着”。
2. These blossoms look so beautiful _________ the blue sky.
解析：句意：这些花在蓝天的映衬下是如此美丽。against（表示对比）“和……比；和……对照；以……为背景”。
against
against
1. 表示“（时间）过了，比……晚，迟于”。
例：They arrived beyond nine o'clock.
他们过了9点才到。
He delayed the matter beyond the fixed time.
他把那件事拖过了规定的时间。
九、beyond的用法
2. 表示“（位置）在……的那边，在……以外”。
例：The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.
那个小村庄在离城20英里以外的地方。
The village is beyond the mountain.
村庄在山的那边。
These students came from beyond the seas.
这些学生来自海外。
九、beyond的用法
3. 表示“（范围）超过，为……所不及”。
例：This book is beyond me. 这本书我看不懂。
He is living beyond his income. 他的生活入不敷出。
Her work is beyond praise. 她的工作令人赞不绝口。
Good health is beyond price.
健康的身体是无价之宝。
It was a case beyond the doctor's skill.
那位医生治不了这种病。
九、beyond的用法
练习
1. Don't stay out ___________ ten o'clock.
解析：句意：在外面逗留不得超过10点钟。beyond表示“（时间）过了，比……晚，迟于”。
2. These were matters _________ his understanding as yet.
解析：句意：这些事情他那时候还不了解。beyond表示“（范围）超过，为……所不及”。
beyond
beyond
1. 和……在一起，和，同，跟
例：Mr. and Mrs. Smith were there, with their three little children.
史密斯夫妇和他们三个年幼的孩子都在那儿。
2. 表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进，意为“随着”
例：With time passing by, they have grown into big boys.
随着时间的流逝，他们都长成大小伙子了。
十、with的用法
3. 表示“带有”，表伴随
例：The waiter arrived with a cup of coffee.
服务员端着一杯咖啡来了。
4. 表示某人的行为方式或某事的发生方式
例：The stranger spoke with a foreign accent.
那个陌生人说话带外国口音。
5. 指原因或理由
例：She was shivering with cold. 她冷得直发抖。
十、with的用法
练习
1. I'm going to finish the job _______ my friends.
解析：句意：我要和朋友们一起把活干完。with表示“和……在一起，和，同，跟”。
2. Ocean currents changed _______ the climate and probably led the fish into different areas.
解析：句意：洋流随气候变化而变化，并可能会把鱼带到不同的区域。with表示两种事物之间的相应关系或齐头并进，意为“随着”。
with
with
1. at
at lunch 在吃午饭
at table 在吃饭
at school 在上学
at peace 在和平时期
at first = at the beginning 起初
at the beginning of 在……的初始阶段
at the end of... 在……结束时
十一、常用介词短语
2. in
in a sense 从某种意义上说
in common 共同；共有
in place 在适当的位置
in practice 在实践中；实际上
in public 公开地；当众
in turn 依次；轮流；反过来
in case 以免；万一
十一、常用介词短语
2. in
in detail 详细地
in office 执政；在位
in power 当权；在执政
in progress 在进行中
in return 作为回报
in time 及时；最终
in the way 挡路
十一、常用介词短语
2. in
in exchange for 用以交换……
in favour of 同意；支持
in the meanwhile 同时
in spite of 不管；不顾
in terms of 就……来说
in addition to 此外；除……以外
十一、常用介词短语
3. on
on behalf of 代表
on condition that 以……作为条件
on sale 出售
on strike 在罢工
on the increase 正在增加
on the air 正在广播
on the contrary 相反
十一、常用介词短语
4. under
under control 在控制之中
under discussion 在讨论中
under development 在发展中
under construction 在建设中
under repair 在修理中
十一、常用介词短语
5. for
for lack of 由于缺乏
for the benefit of 为了……的利益
as for 就……而论；关于
6. by
by chance = by accident 偶然；碰巧
by name 凭名字；用……的名字
by far 到目前为止
十一、常用介词短语
7. out of
out of order 发生故障；失调
out of place 不得其所的；不适当的
out of control 失去控制
out of one's reach 某人够不着的地方
out of the question 不可能
out of question 毫无疑问
十一、常用介词短语
练习
1. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped _______ the mountains for two days.
解析：句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山上两天的游客。
be trapped in…为固定搭配，表示“被困在……”。
in
练习
2. In China, you pour tea into cups yourself; if you spill the water, you are responsible _______ it.
解析：句意：在中国，你自己把茶倒进杯子里。如果你把水洒了，你要为此负责。
be responsible for为固定搭配，表示“为……负责”。
for
练习
3. During the past few years, the Palace Museum has been working hard to get the public familiar _______ the history and culture of the Forbidden City.
解析：句意：在过去的几年里，故宫博物院一直在努力让公众熟悉紫禁城的历史和文化。
get sb. familiar with sth.为固定搭配，表示“使某人熟悉某物”。
with专题八 介词 习题2
一、填空
1. Throughout my childhood, my grandmother provided me __________ unconditional love.
2. Like my brothers, I cannot live up to my parents' expectations; __________ other words, I let them down.
3. It was a real race __________ time to get the project done. Luckily, we made it.
4. Organic agriculture is surely better __________ the long term, though there are some disadvantages of organic farming.
5. One of the effective ways are to read good books and you'd better to read _________ least one good book a week.
6. The coach asked his staff to attend __________ the large group of journalists waiting for him to announce his training plans.
7. __________ instance, it was once the custom for new mothers to eat a sesame oil(麻油) hot pot every day for the first month after giving birth.
8. Although the girls would lose their newly-found treasure, __________ a way, they felt relieved.
9. The worms can make farmers lose their profits. __________ make matters worse, they are difficult to fight.
10. The big fire in the north of Canada has destroyed more than two hundred houses __________ last Friday.
11. In tropical(热带的) forests, termites(白蚁) chew up fallen leaves and dead wood, keeping the fallen material __________ control.
12. __________ routine university courses, she also organizes nonprofit paper-cutting activities.
13. __________ my daughter's words ringing in my ears, I decided to keep my nine nice nails.
14. __________ time, the idea is further developed into a written proposal, called a bill.
15. Treat others with dignity, and you would earn respect __________ return.
二、阅读
16. Cli-Fi refers to "climate fiction"; it is a term invented by journalist Dan Bloom. These are fictional books that somehow or someway bring real climate change science to the reader. What is really interesting is that Cli-Fi books often present real science in a believable way. They become fun teaching tools. There are some really well known authors such as Paolo Bacigalupi and Margaret Atwood. A list of other candidate Cli-Fi novels was provided by Sarah Holding in the Guardian.
What makes a Cli-Fi novel good In my opinion, it has to have some real science in it. And it has to get the science right. Second, it has to be fun to read. When done correctly, Cli-Fi can connect people to their world; it can help us understand what future climate may be like, or what current climate effects are.
One thing that is hard to imagine is the future. What will the world be like decades from now when Earth temperatures have continued to rise What will agriculture be like What will coastal communities be like It is also hard to imagine what living a subsistence agriculture life is like, today. What happens to lives and communities when the rains change, or don't come at all What would that world look like
One recent example of Cli-Fi literature is South Pole Station by Ashley Shelby. In this book we follow Cooper Gosling, who is travelling to a research location on Antarctica to create paintings. Yes, an artist is sent to live with researchers and crew—with funding from the National Science Foundation. After arriving at the South Pole, Cooper has to become acquainted with the strange social system that exists there. Ashley writes the book in such a way that you actually feel you are huddled(拥挤) in the cold with her and her co-workers.
1. What makes Cli-Fi books so attractive
A. They are about real climate change.
B. The climate change described in them seems true.
C. They are a great help to teaching on campus.
D. The books are written by famous authors.
2. What does the author think of the future
A. It is desirable. B. It is frightening. C. It is unbelievable. D. It is uncertain.
3. What does Cooper Gosling go to Antarctica to do
A. Go sightseeing. B. Do research. C. Paint pictures. D. Gain knowledge.
4. The social system existing at the South Pole that Cooper has to face is __________.
A. unusual B. complex C. unfair D. colorful
17. Self-driving cars are just around the corner. Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful. They also could cut down on traffic, reduce pollution and limit accidents. But how should driverless cars handle emergencies People disagree on the answer. And that might put the brakes on this technology, a new study concludes.
To understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road. Even with braking, it's too late to avoid a crash. So the car's artificial intelligence must decide whether to swerve (急转弯). To save the pedestrians, should the car swerve off the road or swerve into oncoming traffic What if such options would likely kill the car's passengers
Researchers used online surveys to study people's attitudes about such situations with driverless cars. Survey participants mostly agreed that driverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls (or otherwise sacrificing their passengers) to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a dilemma (困境). Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costs—even if the pedestrians would now end up dying. Jean Bonnefon is a psychologist at the Toulouse School of Economics in France. He and his colleagues reported their findings in Science.
"Autonomous cars can completely change transportation", says study coauthor Iyad Rahwan. But, he adds, this new technology creates a moral dilemma that could slow its acceptance.
"Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot," Bonnefon's group warns. Most buyers would want their car to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people. However, regulations might one day instruct that cars must act for the greater good. That would mean saving the most people. But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers. If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.
"Compromises (折中) might be possible," Kurt Gray says. He is a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are programmed to protect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they "won't speed, won't drive drunk and won't text while driving, which would be a win for society."
1.The underlined word "challenge" in paragraph 2 refers to ____________.
A. people's negative attitudes towards self-driving cars.
B. how self-driving cars reduce traffic accidents.
C. the technical problems that self-driving cars have.
D. how self-driving cars handle emergencies.
2.According to the text, online surveys show that ____________.
A. self-driving cars' artificial intelligence needs improvement.
B. the busy traffic may be a problem for self-driving cars.
C. people are in a moral dilemma about driverless cars.
D. self-driving cars should be designed to protect drivers.
3.What can we learn from the fifth paragraph
A. Regulations are in favour of drivers.
B. Most people dislike self-driving cars now.
C. Self-driving car makers are in a difficult situation.
D. The potential benefits of driverless cars are ignored.
4.What is Kurt Gray's attitude toward self-driving cars
A. Favorable. B. Doubtful. C. Critical. D. Disapproving.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：with
解析：考查介词的用法。句意为:在我的整个童年时期,我的祖母给予了我无条件的爱。provide sb. with sth.是固定用法,意为"给某人提供某物"。故填with。
2.答案：in
解析：考查介词短语。句意为:像我的哥哥们一样,我达不到父母的期望;换句话说,我让他们失望了。 in other words是固定短语,意为"换句话说"。故填in。
3.答案：against
解析：考查介词的用法。句意为:完成这个项目真是一场与时间的赛跑。幸运的是,我们做到了。against意为"与……竞争",名词race与against搭配意为"与……赛跑"。故填against。
4.答案：in
解析：考查介词短语。句意为:从长远来看,有机农业肯定会更好,尽管现在有机耕种还有一些缺点。in the long term是固定短语,意为"从长远来看"。故填in。
5.答案：at
解析：考查介词短语。句意为:其中一个有效的方法是读好书,你最好一周读至少一本好书。at least是固定短语,意为"至少"。故填at。
6.答案：to
解析：考查动词短语。句意为：教练要求他的队员注意那一大群在等他宣布他的训练计划的记者。attend to是固定短语，意为"注意"。故填to。
7.答案：For
解析：考查介词短语。句意为:例如,在刚生完孩子的第一个月里,新妈妈们每天都要吃麻油火锅,这曾是一种习俗。for instance是固定短语,意为"例如"。故填For。注意首字母大写。
8.答案：in
解析：考查介词短语。意为:虽然女孩们会失去他们新发现的宝藏,但在某种程度上,她们感到很宽慰。in a way是固定短语,意为"在某种程度上"。故填in。
9.答案：To
解析：考查介词短语。句意为:蠕虫会使农民们损失他们的收益。更糟糕的是,蠕虫很难被消灭。to make matters worse是固定短语,意为"让事情更糟的是"。故填To。注意首字母大写。
10.答案：since
解析：考查介词的用法。句意为:自上周五以来,加拿大北部的大火已经烧毁了200多栋房屋。since意为"从……以来",常与现在完成时连用。故填since。
11.答案：under
解析：考查介词短语。句意为:在热带森林里,白蚁咀嚼落叶和枯木,让落下来的东西处于控制之下。under control是固定短语,意为"被控制住,处于控制之下"。故填under。
12.答案：Besides
解析：考查介词的用法。句意为:除了日常的大学课程外,她还组织了非营利性的剪纸活动。 besides意为"除了……之外(还)"。故填Besides。注意首字母大写。
13.答案：With
解析：考查介词的用法。句意为:女儿的话在我耳边回响,我决定保留我那九个漂亮的指甲。with +名词/代词+非谓语动词/形容词/副词是固定用法,即with的复合结构作状语。故填With。注意首字母大写。
14.答案：In
解析：考查介词短语。句意为:过了一段时间之后,这个想法被进一步发展成一个书面提案,被称为法案。in time是固定短语,意为"经过一段时间之后,最后,终于"。故填In。注意首字母大写。
15.答案：in
解析：考查介词短语。句意为:尊重地对待别人,作为回报,你也会得到尊重。 in return是固定短语,意为"作为回报"。故填in。
二、阅读
16.答案：1-4.BDCA
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段中的"These are fictional books that somehow or someway bring real climate change science to the reader."可知,它们所描述的气候变化似乎是真的,这使得Cli-Fi books如此吸引人,故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据第三段中的"One thing that is hard to imagine is the future."和后面列举的一些不确定的问题可知,作者认为未来充满了不确定,故选D项。
3.细节理解题。根据第四段中的"Cooper Gosling, who is travelling to a research location on Antarctica to create paintings. Yes, an artist is sent to live with researchers and crew"可知,Cooper Gosling是一位艺术家,他去南极作画。故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"After arriving at the South Pole, Cooper has to become acquainted with the strange social system that exists there."可知,Cooper必须熟悉那里存在的奇怪的社会系统,由此可见那里的社会系统是不寻常的。故选A项。
17.答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据上下文内容可知To understand the challenge, imagine a car suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road.为了理解这个挑战,想象一辆汽车在路上突然遇到一些行人。challenge指的是自动驾驶汽车如何处理紧急情况。故选D.
2.细节理解题。根据第三段Survey participants mostly agreed automated cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls to save a larger number of pedestrians.调查参与者大多同意自动汽车的设计应该保护大多数人。这包括为了拯救更多的行人而转向墙壁。可知,在线调查表明,人们关心的是谁的安全应该是第一位的。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据第五段 But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers, If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.但科学家们认为,这样的规定可能会赶走买家,如果是这样,无人驾驶汽车的所有潜在好处都将丧失。可以推测出,自动驾驶汽车制造商处境艰难。故选C。
4.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段的句子"But they won't speed, won't drive drunk and won't text while driving, which would be a win for society.但他们不会超速,不会酒后驾车,也不会边开车边发短信,这将是社会的胜利。"可知,Kurt Gray对自驾汽车的态度是支持的。结合选项A. Favorable支持的,赞成的;B. Doubtful怀疑的;C. Critical批评的;D. Disapproving不同意的,故选A。专题八 介词 习题1
一、填空
1. The name of the third shop is still ______ debate.
2. Many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault ________ youngsters' performances.
3. It is reported that there are over 300 people killed in traffic accidents every day _____ average in this country.
4. Rock music consists _____ many different styles.
5. He has had to travel the country in search work.
6. I do as my mother says, but she is never happy _____ me.
7. People are prepared to commute long distances if they are desperate _____ work.
8. The talent of these artists can't help but draw you in, their paintings bringing the era _________ life.
9. His native town has changed _________ recognition, so he can hardly find a familiar building.
10. Studies show that mothers have a talent for making people feel _____ home.
11. Our daughter doesn't know what to take______ at the university; she can't make up her mind about her future.
12. There would not be a good harvest of rice this year due _________ the drought.
13. The school is holding a party in the meeting hall in preparation _________ the Mayor's visit.
14. He switched the conversation from one subject _________ another.
15. I'm not in favor __________ his argument, because it is legal to take photos of famous people during the process of the interview.
二、阅读
16. The United States celebrates Valentine's Day each year on February 14.Many other countries celebrate Valentine's Day, too, each in their own way. Here is a look at the Valentine's Day traditions in three countries.
Wales: land of love spoons
In Wales, it is called St.Dwynwen's Day, which takes place on January 25.The traditional romantic gift on this day is a love spoon.
Beginning in the 17th century, Welsh men made beautiful wooden spoons as a show of their love for that special person in their lives. Each shape of the spoons has a different meaning. For example, horseshoes mean good luck; keys represent the key to a lover's heart; and wheels are a sign of support.
Argentina: a week of sweets
Argentina celebrates Valentine's Day in February, but also gives a whole other week to love in July. They call it Sweetness Week. If you kiss someone, they have to give you a sugary treat.
Sweetness Week started in 1989 with a candy company called Arcor. They made an advertisement called "Candy for a Kiss". The idea was to give the company's chocolates and other candies in exchange for a sweet kiss on the cheek. The campaign had a stronger effect than the company expected—it led to a new holiday!
Every July, couples who take part give each other candies and kisses all week long.
South Korea: three is a charm
For South Koreans, Valentine's Day happens in three parts: February 14,March 14 and April 14.
On February 14,women traditionally give men gifts of chocolate to show their love. One month later, on a holiday known as White Day, men show their thanks by giving women a sweet gift. The name "White Day" comes from the custom of giving white-colored gifts.
Let's not forget Black Day on April 14.Single people who did not get gifts on February 14 or March 14 often gather on Black Day to eat noodles with black bean soup.
1. What does a key-shaped spoon mean
A. Deep love. B. Good luck. C. Strong support. D. Real thanks.
2. When is Sweetness Week celebrated
A. In February. B. In March. C. In April. D. In July.
3. What would be a good gift on White Day
A. Brown chocolates. B. Black beans. C. White milk candies D. Silver spoons.
17. Marathon fever is sweeping this country. In recent years, China's ever-growing passion for marathons has been triggered by its economic development and health-conscious middle class. A large number of marathon runners are white-collar workers, civil servants and business people that are keen on leading a healthy lifestyle. Government support, social participation and strong marketing by the sports industry have gradually led to the rapid development of the marathon industry, which is currently valued at 70 billion yuan ($10.77 billion). Due to its large participation and nationwide media report, marathons are considered by local governments an important part of marketing their cities. Thus, many cities list unique routes across local scenic spots and historical attractions, not only to boost people's fitness, but also to promote local tourism.
For many runners, marathons are a way of life." As we get older, the places and opportunities to meet new people decrease. I find that participating in marathons is a simple way to make friends," said Wu, who made many friends in the Xstop Running Community, a running club with 48,000 members established by Xtep, one of the leading distributors of sports merchandise in China.
"The sense of belonging and the mutual encouragement that exists within the running community are very attractive to many people. We easily befriend one another, since we have the same goal: to keep running and never stop," Wu said. Besides, a marathon can be a great way to explore new places. For a runner who also loves traveling, marathons are a solid choice. "Competing in an international marathon is a chance to experience a city or a country you've never visited before," said Meng, an experienced runner from north China's Tianjin Municipality, who often runs in London, New York and Melbourne.
There's a unique perspective that people get running through the streets of a city, distinct ancient buildings or amazing natural settings, he explained, things that somehow just can't be seen by rushing in a car. In addition, during a race, streets are often closed off so you don't have to battle traffic.
1. Which word has the closest meaning to the underlined word "triggered" in the first paragraph
A. motivated B. solved C. battled D. increased
2. Who is most likely to take part in the marathons _______.
A. John, a company manager B. Jack, a middle-aged farmer
C. Rose, a high school student D. Maria, a retired teacher
3. Why do local governments support the marathons
A. Because nationwide media coverage can make them famous.
B. Because they realize the benefits for their citizens.
C. Because local scenic spots and historical attractions can have unique routes.
D. Because they want to make people healthier and boost tourism.
4. According to paragraph 3&4, which of the following statement is NOT true
A. A marathon can be a great way to explore new places
B. There is few traffic in the streets during a marathon race.
C. You see common sights by running through the streets of a city
D. Many people are attracted to mutual encouragement of the running community.
答案以及解析
一、填空
1.答案：under
解析：句意:整个赔偿问题还在讨论之中。考查介词。
2.答案：with
解析：考查固定搭配,根据句意,可知要填的词为"with",构成固定搭配find fault with sb挑剔某人,找茬。
3.答案：on
解析：考查固定用法。句意: 据报道, 这个国家每天平均有超过三百人死于车祸。on average"平均"为固定用法。
4.答案：of
解析：句意: 摇滚乐由很多种风格组成。consist of由......组成。
5.答案：of
解析：考查短语in search of.
6.答案：with
解析：考查介词。句意: 我按照母亲的意思去做, 但她从未对我满意过。be happy with...为固定搭配, 意为"对......满意"。故用with。
7.答案：for
解析：句意为: 渴望得到工作的人会愿意长途乘车往返上下班。be desperate for sth为固定搭配, 意为"渴望得到某物"。
8.答案：to
解析：句意为:这些艺术家的才华不禁吸引了你,他们的绘画给那个时代带来了生机。bring...to life意为"赋予……生机"。故填to。
9.答案：beyond
解析：句意为:他的故乡发生了彻底的改变,所以他几乎找不到一幢熟悉的建筑物。beyond recognition意为"识别不出,面目全非"。故填beyond。
10.答案：at
解析：feel at home意为"感觉自在"。故填at。
11.答案：up
解析：考查介词。句意:我们的女儿不知道在大学里学什么;对于她的未来她还没想好。take up开始从事。
12.答案：to
解析：考查介词短语。句意为:由于旱灾,今年水稻不会有好收成。due to是固定短语,意为"因为,由于"。故填to。
13.答案：for
解析：考查介词短话。句意为:这所学校正在会议厅举办联欢会,为市长的来访做准备。in preparation for是固定短语,意为"……做准备"。故填for。
14.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意为:他转移话题了。switch... from... to...是固定搭配,意为"把……从……转向……",故填to。
15.答案：of
解析：考查介词短语。句意为:我不赞成他的论点,因为在采访过程中拍摄名人的照片是合法的。in favor of是固定短语,意为"支持,赞同"。故填of。
二、阅读
16.答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C
解析：1.细节理解题。根据Wales: land of love spoons段落下第二小段中"Each shape of the spoons has a different meaning. For example, horseshoes mean good luck; keys represent the key to a lover's heart; and wheels are a sign of support."(每一个勺子的形状都有不同的含义。例如,horseshoes表示好运;keys(钥匙)表示打开爱人心扉的钥匙;;wheels表示支持。)可知,钥匙形的勺子表示深深的爱。故选A项。
2.细节理解题。根据Argentina: a week of sweets段落下第一小段"Argentina celebrates Valentine's Day in February, but also gives a whole other week to love in July. They call it Sweetness Week."(阿根廷在二月份庆祝情人节,但是还在七月份,另外给了一个星期去表达爱。他们称之为甜蜜周。)可知,庆祝甜蜜周是在七月。故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据South Korea: three is a charm段落下第二小段中"The name "White Day" comes from the custom of giving white-colored gifts."("白色情人节"这个名字来源于送白色礼物的习俗。)可以推知,在白色情人节,白色奶糖应该是好礼物。故选C项。
17.答案：1-4 AACD
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段内容, In recent years, China's ever-growing passion for marathons has been triggered by its economic development and health-conscious middle class.近年来, 中国对马拉松的热情不断高涨, 这是由其经济发展和注重健康的中产阶级所引发的。由此可知,画线单词意为:"引起、激发", 结合选项, 故选A。
2.细节题。根据文章第一段内容, A large number of marathon runners are white-collar workers, civil servants and business people that are keen on leading a healthy lifestyle.许多马拉松运动员都是白领、公务员和商界人士, 他们热衷于引导健康的生活方式。结合选项, 作为公司经理的约翰最有可能参加马拉松比赛, 结合选项, 故选A。
3.推理题。根据文章第3、4段内容, I find that participating in marathons is a simple way to make friends...Competing in an international marathon is a chance to experience a city or a country you've never visited before我发现参加马拉松是交朋友的一种非常简单的方式。参加国际马拉松比赛是一个体验你从未去过的城市或国家的绝好的机会。由此可知, 参加马拉松可以体验曾经没有过的东西, 看到曾经没在意的风景。结合选项, 故C的表达错误。故选C。
4.推理题, 根据文章第一段内容, marathons are considered by local governments an important part of marketing their cities。 Thus many cities list unique routes across local scenic spots and historical attractions, not only to boost people's fit ness, but also to promote local tourism.马拉松被地方政府视为城市营销的重要组成部分, 因此, 许多城市列出了穿越当地风景名胜区和历史名胜区的独特路线, 不仅是为了提高人们的体质, 还为了促进当地旅游业的发展。即马拉松即锻炼人们身体又促进旅游经济的发展, 结合选项, 故选D。
