【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题一 名 词(原卷版)
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
名词除了独立考查其词义辨析外,还常结合其他项目一起考查,所以要熟练掌握单数可数名词变复数的规律;掌握不可数名词的用法;掌握专有名词与名词所有格的用法。要充分了解分类及功能;了解不可数名词的性质;熟悉名词的辨析并能在具体的语境中做出正确的判断;熟悉名词的固定短语及搭配。题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现。
主要考查要点:
1.名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析;还有容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。
2.名词的数。可数与不可数名词,名词的单、复数,名词所有格,抽象名词,物质名词,名词与冠词的搭配及主谓一致等。
3.考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。如:shelter n.庇护,避难所→vt.保护,躲避,避难; storm n. 暴风雨, 大动荡→vi.&vt.横冲直撞, 猛攻; shoulder n. 肩,肩膀,肩部→vt.肩负,承担; trail n.小径, 痕迹→vt.追踪。。
【考点剖析】
一、名词用法与词义辨析
例1:(2021年高考 天津卷) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A.traditions B.advances C.pressures D.examples
【答案】B
例2:(2021年高考 浙江卷) Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
例3:(2020年高考 江苏卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
【答案】B
例4:(2019天津卷7) We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
例5:(2018江苏卷32) Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption
【答案】D
二、名词搭配与主谓一致及单复数用法
例1:(2021全国高考英语试卷甲卷,写作中第一节,短文改错的第一、二句。)Last week our teacher asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions are:Who will you go in times of trouble
【答案】 are改为is。
例2:(2021年全国乙卷,第三部分,语言知识运用,第二节 62题)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___ (develop) of the local areas.
【答案】 development
例3:(2021年高考 全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
【答案】watchtowers
例4:(2020年高考 新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山),more so than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
例5:(2018年 天津河西区模拟试题 2) No matter what you do, you should put your ________ into it.
A. mind B. heart C. brain D. thought
【答案】B
【温馨提示】 ① 要读懂句子的题干的含义,对句子的理解程度对选出正确的答案有很大的帮助。② 要注意短语的构成或名词与某些介词等词的固定搭配以及在不同语境下的应用。③ 特别注意避免受某些固定搭配的定式思维的影响。
【相关知识点连接】
一、名词的分类(Classification of Nouns)
英语名词主要分为专有名词(Proper Noun)和普通名词(Common Noun)两大类。
1.专有名词
专有名词是指某一特定的人、地方、团体、事物、机构和概念等专有的名称,而这些实际上被认为独一无二的。专有名词的第一字母必须大写。如:
人名:Abraham Lincoln(亚伯拉罕·林肯);Karl Marx(卡尔·马克思)Einstein(爱因斯坦)。
地名:China(中国)the United States(美国)。
月份、星期、节日:August(八月);New Year(新年);Monday(星期一);Sunday(星期天)。
政党、机构和组织:The Communist Party of China(中国共产党);the CCTV( 中国中央电视台);the BBC World Service (英国国家广播公司国际部);United Nations(联合国)。
报刊名词:China Daily《中国日报》, News Weekly《新闻周刊》 。
2.普通名词
普通名词是指一类人、事物某种物质或抽象概念的名词。 如:worker,reporter,class,water,peace,discussion等。
3.普通名词又可以进一步分为以下四类:
1)个体名词(Individual Noun):它表示某类人或事物中的个体或表示人或事物属于某一类有单复数之分,又可称类分词(Class Noun)。如:table,factory,student,boy,等。
2)集体名词(Collective Noun):它表示若干个体(一群人或多件东西)组成的集合体有单复数之分。如:family,class,army,police等。
3)物质名词(Material Noun):表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的、无法分为个体的实物。如:air,coal,corn,land,rice,rain,fire等。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Noun):表示动作、状态、性质、情感等抽象概念的名词。如:happiness,life,important,sadness,anger等。
4. 普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词:
普通名词中个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算的称可数名词;而物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,所以称为不可数名词。
要注意区分可数名词与不可数名词,以便确定用单数或复数形式,确定如何使用不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词等。需要注意有些名词在一种场合属于这一类,在另一种场合又属于另一类。
1)有些物质名词(不可数)也可作个体名词(可数)用,意义上有一定变化。如:
This tower is made of steel and iron.这座塔是 钢铁 造成的。
The day before yesterday he bought an iron.前天他买了个 铁熨斗。
People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.
村民们要砍 木材得走许多公里的路程。
Let's go for a walk in the wood.咱们去 树林中散步吧!
2)有些抽象名词当意思转变而表示某类个体时,就成了个体名词。如:
youth(青春)——a youth(青年人)
relation(关系)—— a relation(亲戚)
authority(权威) ——an authority(权威人士)
power(权力,电力)—— a power(大国)
beauty(美丽)——a beauty(美人,美的东西)
3)有许多名词通常是不可数的,但在一定情况下可变为可数。如:
China produce a large variety of tea.
中国生产大量的茶叶。(物质,不可数)
Yunwu is a well-known Chinese tea.
云雾茶是一种中国的名茶。(个体,可数)
Kate has covered it with Christmas lights. 凯特用圣诞灯装饰着它(圣诞树)。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声的速度快。
4)另外有些个体名词在一定情况下也可以抽象化,成为不可数名词。如:
This school is the best one in our city.这所学校是我们市里最好的一所学校。
There's no school tomorrow.明天不上课。
5. 注意汉语中是可数的,英语中可能是不可数的:
有许多东西在汉语里是可数的,而在英语中则不可数。如:news,housework,progress,information,homework,bread,furniture.......等。
如果要表示“一件”或“一个”这类概念时就须加a piece of 这类定语。如:
a piece of news (information) 一条新闻(消息);a piece of bread 一块面包;a tube of toothpaste 一管牙膏;a cake of soap 一块肥皂;a bottle of ink一瓶墨水;a packet of cigarettes 一包香烟;a bunch of flowers一束花;a pair of glasses一副眼镜;a piece (an article) of furniture 一件家具;a suit of clothes一套衣服。
二、名词的数(Number)
英语的名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。表示抽象概念的名词和物质名词通常是不可数的,只有单数形式,前面不用不定冠词a(an)和another限定词修饰。大多数的名词为可数名词,有单数(Singular)和复数(Plural)两种形式。
1.名词复数形式的规则变化及读音变化列表如下:
类别 构成方式 读音 例词 备注
大部分名词后 加“s” a)清辅音后读[s] bikes, cups, maps
b)浊辅音元音后读[z] bags, dogs, seas
c)s,z,等音素后读[iz] roses, pages
以-s, -x, -sh,ch[t]结尾的名词 加“-es” 读[iz] classes, brushes,boxes, matches 但-ch若发[k]则加“-s”,如stomachs
以结尾的名词 a)y前是辅音变-y为i 加“-es” 读[i:] parties, cities
b)y前是元音,直接加“-s” 读[z] boys, rays
以-f, -fe结尾的名词 变-f 或 -fe 为v加-es 读[z] leaves, wives, wolves, lives,knives, selves. halves, shelves, thieves 少数加s;roofs,chiefs, beliefs,gulfs
以辅音加-o结尾的名词 加“-es” 读[z] potatoes, tomatoes,heroes, Negroes,echoes 元音后s:radios, bamboos;同时音乐及乐器名词多加-s。如:pianos, solos独唱cantos旋律trios三重唱
注意:少数名词词尾加了-s 或 -es 后读音要浊化。如:house[haus]—houses[hauziz],cloth[klCW]—clothes[kl[UTz], bath [bB:W]—baths[bB:Tz],mouth[mauW]—mouths[mauTz],(比较:months,paths等并不浊化,-ths仍发[Ws])
2.名词复数形式的不规则变化(Irregular Plurals)
1)单数名词中的元音字母发生变化。
foot—feet (脚), goose—geese (鹅), man—men (男人),mouse—mice (老鼠),tooth—teeth (牙齿), woman—women (女人)
2)有些名词的复数形式是在词尾加上“-en”。
child—children (儿童), ox—oxen (牛)
3)有些名词的单、复数形式相同。
Aircraft (航空器),buffalo (水牛),Chinese (中国人),deer (鹿),fish (鱼), Japanese (日本人),sheep (羊), shark (鲨鱼),Swiss (瑞士人)。
但表示不同种类的鱼时,可加复数词尾。如:
He doesn't like fish very much. 他不喜欢吃鱼。
The paper is about some freshwater fishes. 这论文是关于一些淡水鱼的。
4)一些来自拉丁文或希腊文等外来词,仍保留原来的名词复数形式。
analysis—analyses(分析) bacterium—bacteria(细菌);basis—bases(基础);crisis—crises(危机);phenomenon—phenomena;现象thesis—theses(论文);appendix—appendices(附录)。
3.复合名词构成复数时,通常只将其中主体名词变为复数。
boy friend(s)男朋友;girl friend(s)女朋友;editor(s)-in-chief总编;looker(s)-on旁观者;son(s)-in-law女婿;grandchild(ren)孙儿孙女;runner(s)-up亚军;passer(s)-by过路者。
由man和woman表性别时(前置)构成的合成名词,两个名词全部都要变为复数。如:
man servant—men servants(男佣人)
woman doctor— women doctors(女医生)
如果man是复合词中的末尾部分(后置),则man改为men:
army man—army men(军人) Englishman— Englishmen(英国人)
但如果像German这类词不是复合词而是一个不可分割的单词,变复数时则在后面加“-s”。如:Germans(德国人), Romans(罗马人)
如果没有主体名词, 就在最后一个词上加复数词尾:如:
go-between go-betweens(中间人);drawback drawbacks(缺陷);grown-up grown-ups(成年人);merry-go-round merry-go-rounds(旋转木马);forget-me-not forget-me-nots(勿忘我草)。
4.有些名词通常用复数形式,谓语也用复数。
1)由两个相同的部分组成的成双成对整体名称用a pair of 修饰:
glasses(眼镜)— a (pair of) glasses,
scissors(剪刀)—a (pair of) scissors,
shoes(鞋子)—a pair of shoes,
shorts(短裤)—a pair of shorts,
trousers(裤子)—a pair of trousers,
另如:stockings(长袜), tongs(夹子),compasses (两脚圆规),scales(天平)
2)以-ing 结尾的词(只能用复数形式)
belongings 所有物,surroundings环境,lodgings住处,doings行为,savings储蓄,findings调查结果,shavings刨花, earnings收入:
注意:以-s结尾的科学名称和疾病名称, 作为学科时看作单数。economics (经济学), mathematics(数学), politics(政治学), physics(物理学), acoustics(声学),measles(麻疹),diabetes(糖尿病),ethics(伦理学),phonetics(语音学),gymnastics(体操),optics(光学)。
另外有一些其它的名词常也以复数形式出现。
clothes衣服, papers文件,suburbs郊区, arms武器, fireworks烟火,overalls工作服remains残余、遗物,oil-colors 油画,thanks感谢,clothes衣服,riches财富,ashes灰烬,valuables珍贵物品,stairs楼梯,forces(武装)部队, goods货物, customs进口税,greens蔬菜。
5.表示抽象概念的名词和物质名词通常是不可数的。
1)有些名词只有单数形式
advice(劝告),bread(面包),cash(现金),clothing(衣服),food(食物),fruit(水果),pay(工资),furniture(家具),
homework(家庭作业),housework(家务),luggage(baggage)(行李),information(情报消息), money(金钱),damage(损失),knowledge(知识),music(音乐),population(人口),scenery(风景),traffic(交通)
2)有些名词形式上是复数,实际上算单数。news(消息), means(手段),whereabouts(下落)
3)有些集合名词形式上是单数,但却用作复数cattle(畜牲), mankind(人类), militia(民兵), police(警察), poultry(家禽), vermin(害虫), people(人民)
但集合名词machinery(机械), equipment(设备), merchandise(商品)却只用作单数, 没有复数形式。
4)大多数集合名词既可看作单数(作为整体),也可看作复数(作为集体的单个成员)。
army(军队), class(班级), audience(观众), crew(全体船员), crowd(人群), family(家庭全体成员), group(小组). committee(委员会), government(政府), public(公众),union(工会)。例如:
His family is a large one. 他的家庭是一个大家庭。
Our family all have different hobbies. 我们家庭成员的爱好各不相同。
A committee was investigating the charges.
一个委员会正对这些指控进行调查。
The committee are divided into three groups. 该委员会成员分成三个小组。
6.有些名词,其复数形式有时可以表示特别的意思。
air空气—airs(摆)架子; arm手臂—arms武器;
condition情况、状态—conditions条件、环境;
custom风俗—customs海关、关税;letter字母—letters文学;
look看—looks外表、容貌;manner方式—manners礼貌;
color颜色—colors旗帜、军旗;regard尊敬—regards敬意、致意;
sense意义—senses感觉;spirit精神—spirits酒精、情绪;
work工作—works工厂、车间、著作;green草地、草场—greens蔬菜、青枝。例如:
To improve the working and living conditions is very important.
改善工作和生活条件是非常重要的。
His health condition was very serious. 他的健康状况非常严重。
She greeted me in a friendly manner. 她很友好地和我打招呼。
His manner showed his frankness. 他的态度说明了他的坦率。
注意:hair和fruit通常作不可数名词,表示总体,但如果表示若干根头发和若干种水果,则需要用这两个词的复数形式。例如:
I am going to the barber's to have my hair cut.
我打算去理发店,把我的头发理一理。
Ten years had elapsed(时间过去).I found she had a few white hairs.
十年过去了,我发现她有一些(几根)白头发。
三、名词的格(Case)
英语名词有三种格:主格(Nominative Case)、宾格(Objection Case)和所有格(Possessive Case)。但英语的名词除所有格有形式变化外,主格和宾格都没有形式的变化,故主格和宾格常合称为普通格(Common Case)。在此我们仅谈谈所有格。
1.名词所有格(Possessive Case)
可加's或of用来表示所有关系的名词形式叫名词所有格。
1)'s所有格的用法
(1)表示有生命的东西(特别是人或高级动物)的名词在其词尾上加's放在另一个名词之前作定语。例如:
Lei Feng's Diary 雷锋日记;
Mr. Li's telephone number 李先生电话号码
Tom's friends 汤姆的朋友
women's right 妇女权利
my father's room 我父亲的房间
以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加“ ' ”。例如:
the workers' rest-home 工人疗养院
the students' reading-room 学生阅览室
(2)在表示某人的“家”或“店铺”的名字时名词所有格后面常常省略它所修饰的名词。例如:
the barber's=the barber's shop 理发店
at my aunt's=at my aunt's house 我姑姑家
the doctor's=the doctor's office 医生诊所
St. Paul's = St Paul's cathedral 圣保罗教堂
(3)如果一样东西为两个或两个以上的人共有,则只在后一个名词后面加's;如果不是共有则两个名词之后都要加's。例如:
Jane and Mary's room 珍妮和玛丽的房间(共有)
Tom's and John's bike 汤姆的自行车和约翰的自行车(不共有)。
(4)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇、天体等无生命的名词及由人组成的集体名词也可加“'s”构成所有格。例如:
today's newspaper 今天的报纸
ten minutes' walk 二十分钟的路程
China's capital 中国的首都
the country's plan 国家计划
the earth's surface 地球表面
the delegation's visits 代表团的访问
(5)在某些习惯用语中尽管是表示无生命东西的名词,也需要用所有格。例如:
at one's wit's end 智穷才竭,黔驴技穷
escape from death by a hair's breadth 九死一生,死里逃生
a stone's throw 一箭之遥
at one's finger's ends 了如指掌
a bird's view 鸟瞰
at death's door 面临死亡;生命危在旦夕
in one's mind's eye 在想象中;在心目中
keep sb. at arm's length 对某人保持距离;对某人不予亲近
make a cat's paw of sb. 利用某人
out of harm's way 避免受损害
2)of 所有格的用法
(1)表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of 构成短语,表示所有关系。the window of the room,(房间的窗户)the cover of the book(书的封皮), the title of the film(电影的名字), the workshops of the plant(工厂的车间)
(2)指有生命东西的名词在下列情况也可用of 词组表示所有关系。
a) 名词较长 the works of Marx, Engel’s, Lenin and Stalin
马恩列斯著作
b) 名词的定语较长 the name of the girl reading at the desk
在桌子旁边看书的那个女孩的名字
3)双重所有格的用法
表示兼用两种属格的后置修饰语,叫双重所有格,即of词组+所有格。表示所属物的名词前有一个不定冠词a或an、数词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词时,常用这种形式来表示所有关系。例如:
a friend of my sister's=one of my sister's friend我妹妹的朋友
a play of Shakespeare’s (莎士比亚的一部戏剧)
=one of Shakespeare’s play (莎士比亚的许多剧作之一)
a picture of his uncle's 他叔叔的一张照片(他叔叔所有照片中的一张,但不一定是他本人的照片)
4)'s属格,of属格及双重所有格的区别
(1)'s属格和of所有格有许多共同之处,常常可以交换使用。
Newton's laws — the laws of Newton 牛顿定律
my family's story — the story of my family 我家的故事
the book's title — the title of the book 书的题目
China's foreign policy — the foreign policy of China 中国的外交政策
(2)但在下列情况中,两者必须严格区别使用:
a)对事物类别、属性进行界定时,必须用's格。
children's stories 儿童故事 (不可改作stories of children)
men' shoes 男鞋 (不可改作shoes of men)
a doctor's degree 博士学位 (不可改作degree of a doctor)
b)当被修饰名词后面紧跟以逗号分开的同位语时,必须用's格。
The monitor's brother, a PLA man was here this morning.
班长的兄弟是一位解放军,他今天早上在这儿。
Comrade Wang's sister, a singer, is a party member.
王同志的姐姐是一位歌唱家,她是一名党员。
c)在某些习语中习惯用's格
a wolf in sheep's clothing 伪君子
within a stone's throw 近在咫尺
all one's life 毕生
to one's joy 使人高兴的是
at arm's length疏远
d)表示同位关系时,使用of 属格
the city of Beijing北京市 the ten of us 我们十个人
(3)有时of属格和双重属格在单句中意义较接近,只是侧重点略有不同。例如:
He is a friend of my father's.= He is one of my father's friends.
(着重说明父亲不止一个朋友)
He is a friend of my father. = It is he who is my father's friend.
(着重说明他是父亲的朋友)
但中心词是 portrait, picture, printing, photograph 等词时,后面用of 所属格时,指某人自己的肖像、照片等,用双重属格则表示某人所收藏的肖像、照片。
This is a picture of my father. 照片上的人是我父亲。
This is a picture of my father's. 这照片属于我父亲收藏。
三、名词作定语与复合名词
1.名词所有格作定语
Tom' father 汤姆的父亲
China's industry 中国的工业
2.一个名词直接用作定语修饰另一个名词
一个名词直接用作定语修饰另一个名词时既不加形容词的词尾,也不需要任何格的变化,这样的定语叫名词定语。其用法如下:
1)表示材料的名词作定语,说明被修饰的名词是什么材料制成的。例如:
stone figures(石像),castor oil(蓖麻油),silk books(丝绸书),paper money(纸币),metal pots(金属锅),plastic sheets(塑料布),diamond necklace(钻石项链),gold medals(金牌)。
2)表示地点的名词作定语,说明被修饰的名词存在或发生的地方。例如:
country music(乡村音乐),forest land(森林土地),post office(邮政局),nature park(天然公园),palace ball(宫廷舞会),space satellites(太空卫星),table cloth(桌布),street lights(街灯),city life(城市生活),school education(学校教育)。
3)两名词构成部分与整体关系做整体名词时可作定语(常指物)。例如:
river banks(河岸),cabbage seed(卷心菜种子),animal bones(动物骨头),cigarette ends(烟头),ocean floor(大洋底),school gate(校门口),overcoat pockets(大衣口袋),table legs(桌脚),tree branches(树枝)。
当我们谈到某一特定的东西时可用结构来表达。例如:the window of the classroom教室的窗户
4)表示用途性质的名词作定语。例如:
coffee cups(咖啡杯),book shore(书店),sports shoes(运动鞋),food factory(食品工厂),women police officers(女警官),boy friends(男朋友),design office(设计工作室),fruit trees(水果树),traffic lights(交通灯)。
5)说明有关后一名词内容的名词可作定语。例如:
forest programs(森林规划),weight problems(体重问题),science lab(科学实验室),computer studies(电脑学习),weather report(天气预报),film industry(电影工业),wildlife project(野生动物工程),China Daily(中国日报),body language(身体语言)。
6)表示泛指的时间名词作定语。例如:
summer holidays(暑假),winter weather(冬天的天气),time zone(时区),evening dress(晚礼服),morning paper(晨报),Sunday edition(星期日版),rooster year stamp(鸡年邮票),night school(夜校)。
注意:表示具体的时间名词作定语,则要用所有格结构来表达。例如:
yesterday's news(昨天的消息),today's newspaper(今天的报纸),an hour's drive(开车一小时的路程)。
名词作定语时一般用单数形式,但在个别情况下也有需用复数的。例如:
sports meet(运动会),the United States government(美国政府),students reading-room(学生阅览室),goods train(货车),two men doctors(两个男医生),savings bank储蓄银行,commodities fair商品交易会,parks department园林处,customs house海关大楼。
【强化训练】
I. 根据括号中所给的提示词填空(1-10)或 改错(11-12)
1.(2021高考 全国乙卷)Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
2. (2021年 新高考I卷) Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.
3. (2020年高考 新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
4. (2020高考 新课标III卷)Filled with 64________ (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
5.(2020高考 新课标I卷)Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
6.(2020高考浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the 62 (season),planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 making (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
7.(2018高考 新课标I卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
8.(2018高考 浙江卷) Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
9.(2018高考 浙江卷)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
10.(2017高考 新课标II卷) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
11.(2020高考 新课标II卷 改错)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
12.(2020年高考 新课标I卷 改错) Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
II. 单项选择
13.(2019高考 江苏卷)Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
14.(2018高考 天津卷6)The ________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspires scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation
15.(2018年江苏省南通、徐州等七市五月联考21)Elizabeth shows great ______ in her choice of friends, so she has a lot of trustworthy companions.
A. comprehension B. discrimination C. determination D. consideration
16.(2018天津河西区 三模 4)More than one thousand high school students practiced yoga in the school playground to relieve of the coming exam.
A. pressure B. disagreement C. courage D. emotion
17.(2018天津和平区 一模 2)
—Jim’s car crashed yesterday.
—Yes, but he had the good to escape injury when it happened.
A. memory B. condition C. impression D. fortune
18.(2019高考 哈市模拟卷) If the child violates one of the contract’s rules,he may lose a(n) _______, such as talking to his friend on the phone.
A. privilege B. advantage C. honor D. benefit
19.(2020高考 哈市模拟卷)The police recognized the criminal from his typical facial — a scar on the forehead.
A. expression B. feature C. outline D. gesture
20. (2020高考 哈市模拟卷)We have been making furniture for over 100 years, and have a worldwide for quality.
A. contribution B. qualification C. reputation D. institution
III. 完形填空
It was the day before my daughter’s birthday. I’d just collected her from preschool when she cautioned me to____1____the elderly person walking across the car park. I was struck by her____2____and had no idea how much she really____3____it.
The following day—her birthday—we decided to buy cupcakes for her. After we ____4____ the cupcakes, Norah was busy standing up in the trolley (手推车), ____5____ waving and happily declaring, “Hi, old person! It’s my birthday today!” ____6____I could stop her calling him an old person, the stone-faced man ____7____ to her.His expression softened as he replied, “Well,hello, little lady! And how old are you today ” They____8____for a few minutes, he wished her a happy birthday, and we went our____9____ways. A few minutes later, Norah asked me if she could take a ____10____ with the old man. I agreed. We found the man a couple of shelves over, and I approached him. When I told him Norah’s____11____, his expression changed from____12____to shocked finally to delighted.He took a step back, steadied himself on his shopping trolley, and____13____his free hand on his chest.“A photo With me ” he asked. “Yes,Sir, for my birthday!” Norah begged. And so he did. I____14____ my iPhone, and they posed together. Norah placed her soft hand on top of his hand. He wordlessly stared at her with ____15____ eyes as she kept his hand in hers. I asked his name, and he told us to call him Dan. We were ____16____other shoppers, but they didn’t care. There was ____17____ happening in the supermarket that day, and we could all sense it.
That afternoon I____18____the story and a photo of the two of them on the Facebook. Later that night, I received a private____19____from a local reader who recognized Mr. Dan. He told me Dan’s wife had passed away six months earlier and he wanted to let me know that he was certain Dan’s heart was touched by my little girl and Dan would never forget that____20____with my daughter.
1. A. spot B. delay C. mind D. stop
2. A. selflessness B. carefulness C. loneliness D. thoughtfulness
3. A. meant B. ended C. proved D. showed
4. A. kept up B. picked up C. turned up D. put up
5. A. excitedly B. disappointedly C. calmly D. anxiously
6. A. After B. Before C. Since D. Until
7. A. turned B. referred C. appealed D. walked
8. A. hesitated B. chatted C. rested D. waited
9. A. regular B. single C. separate D. natural
10. A. picture B. walk C. rest D. break
11. A. dream B. command C. request D. suggestion
12. A. nervous B. upset C. confused D. impatient
13. A. reached B. placed C. touched D. patted
14. A. pulled out B. put down C. turned off D. glanced at
15. A. glaring B. twinkling C. sharp D. big
16. A. blocking B. delaying C. preventing D. interrupting
17. A. discount B. magic C. incident D. embarrassment
18. A. posted B. wrote C. read D. printed
19. A. note B. gift C. message D. report
20. A. connection B. combination C. construction D. contribution
IV. 短文改错
(21年高考英语 乙卷 第四部分写作 第一节 短文改错)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加,删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What's most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
19【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题一 名 词(解析卷)
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
名词除了独立考查其词义辨析外,还常结合其他项目一起考查,所以要熟练掌握单数可数名词变复数的规律;掌握不可数名词的用法;掌握专有名词与名词所有格的用法。要充分了解分类及功能;了解不可数名词的性质;熟悉名词的辨析并能在具体的语境中做出正确的判断;熟悉名词的固定短语及搭配。题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现。
主要考查要点:
1.名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析;还有容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。
2.名词的数。可数与不可数名词,名词的单、复数,名词所有格,抽象名词,物质名词,名词与冠词的搭配及主谓一致等。
3.考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。如:shelter n.庇护,避难所→vt.保护,躲避,避难; storm n. 暴风雨, 大动荡→vi.&vt.横冲直撞, 猛攻; shoulder n. 肩,肩膀,肩部→vt.肩负,承担; trail n.小径, 痕迹→vt.追踪。。
【考点剖析】
一、名词用法与词义辨析
例1:(2021年高考 天津卷) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / )Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A.traditions B.advances C.pressures D.examples
【答案】B
【解析】句意:医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。考查名词词义辨析。A. traditions传统;B. advances前进,进步;C. pressures压力;D. examples例子。根据上文Great improvements in public health have been brought about可知:公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的,advances符合语境。故选答案为B。
例2:(2021年高考 浙江卷) Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln's home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___38___ (marry)ceremony in 1842.
【答案】marriage
【解析】句意:这座房子完美地恢复了1860年的外观,17年来一直是亚伯拉罕和玛丽·林肯的家。1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。考查名词用法。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知,此处要用名词形式;结合设空处后的ceremony,可知此处意为“婚礼”;所以填marriage。
例3:(2020年高考 江苏卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A. reservation B. transformation C. distinction D. submission
【答案】B
【解析】句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。考查名词词义辨析。A. reservation预订;B. transformation改革,变革;C. distinction区别;D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知,此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选择B。
例4:(2019天津卷7) We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我们能够看到:人工智能已经在许多方面对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。考查名词词义辨析。statement陈述,说明;impact强烈的影响;impression印象,感想;judgment判断,判断力。根据上下文的语境可分析出空格处是对生活产生的影响。故选择B。
例5:(2018江苏卷32) Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ________ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association C. acquisition D. assumption
【答案】D
【解析】句意:尝试着去理解实际发生的事情,而不是按照你所做的假设行事。考查名词词义辨析以及对语境的理解。assignment分配;association交往;acquisition获得;assumption假设。注意该题的关键词是“happening实际发生”和“instead of而不是”。所以选择答案D。
二、名词搭配与主谓一致及单复数用法
例1:(2021全国高考英语试卷甲卷,写作中第一节,短文改错的第一、二句。)Last week our teacher asked us to fill in a questionnaire. One of the questions are:Who will you go in times of trouble
【答案】 are改为is。
【解析】句意:“上周老师让我们填了一份调查问卷。其中的一个问题是:你遇到麻烦时会去找谁?”考查短语one of the + 名词复数的用法,该短语意为“……之一”,为单数含义,所以其后的系动词应用单数。结合句意,此处指问卷调查中的一个问题,所以为客观事实,时态用一般现在时。故are改为is。
例2:(2021年全国乙卷,第三部分,语言知识运用,第二节 62题)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___ (develop) of the local areas.
【答案】 development
【解析】句意:它不同于传统的旅游业,因为它使旅行者能够了解当地的地理条件和文化特征,并经常为保护和促进当地的发展提供资金。考查名词用法。其前有定冠词the修饰,所以用名词形式,特指当地的发展。故答案为development。
例3:(2021年高考 全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
【答案】watchtowers
【解析】句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行着的日常生活。考查名词复数的用法。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式。所以填watchtowers。
例4:(2020年高考 新课标I卷)The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山),more so than the familiar near side.
【答案】interest
【解析】句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。考查名词用法。根据空格前的形容词particular可知,空格处应填名词,interest是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物) 使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。
例5:(2018年 天津河西区模拟试题 2) No matter what you do, you should put your ________ into it.
A. mind B. heart C. brain D. thought
【答案】B
【解析】句意:不管你做什么,你都应该全身心投入。考查名词固定搭配。put one’s heart into全身心投入,根据句意,故答案选B。
【温馨提示】 ① 要读懂句子的题干的含义,对句子的理解程度对选出正确的答案有很大的帮助。② 要注意短语的构成或名词与某些介词等词的固定搭配以及在不同语境下的应用。③ 特别注意避免受某些固定搭配的定式思维的影响。
【相关知识点连接】
一、名词的分类(Classification of Nouns)
英语名词主要分为专有名词(Proper Noun)和普通名词(Common Noun)两大类。
1.专有名词
专有名词是指某一特定的人、地方、团体、事物、机构和概念等专有的名称,而这些实际上被认为独一无二的。专有名词的第一字母必须大写。如:
人名:Abraham Lincoln(亚伯拉罕·林肯);Karl Marx(卡尔·马克思)Einstein(爱因斯坦)。
地名:China(中国)the United States(美国)。
月份、星期、节日:August(八月);New Year(新年);Monday(星期一);Sunday(星期天)。
政党、机构和组织:The Communist Party of China(中国共产党);the CCTV( 中国中央电视台);the BBC World Service (英国国家广播公司国际部);United Nations(联合国)。
报刊名词:China Daily《中国日报》, News Weekly《新闻周刊》 。
2.普通名词
普通名词是指一类人、事物某种物质或抽象概念的名词。 如:worker,reporter,class,water,peace,discussion等。
3.普通名词又可以进一步分为以下四类:
1)个体名词(Individual Noun):它表示某类人或事物中的个体或表示人或事物属于某一类有单复数之分,又可称类分词(Class Noun)。如:table,factory,student,boy,等。
2)集体名词(Collective Noun):它表示若干个体(一群人或多件东西)组成的集合体有单复数之分。如:family,class,army,police等。
3)物质名词(Material Noun):表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的、无法分为个体的实物。如:air,coal,corn,land,rice,rain,fire等。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Noun):表示动作、状态、性质、情感等抽象概念的名词。如:happiness,life,important,sadness,anger等。
4. 普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词:
普通名词中个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算的称可数名词;而物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算,所以称为不可数名词。
要注意区分可数名词与不可数名词,以便确定用单数或复数形式,确定如何使用不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词等。需要注意有些名词在一种场合属于这一类,在另一种场合又属于另一类。
1)有些物质名词(不可数)也可作个体名词(可数)用,意义上有一定变化。如:
This tower is made of steel and iron.这座塔是 钢铁 造成的。
The day before yesterday he bought an iron.前天他买了个 铁熨斗。
People had to walk many kilometers in order to fetch wood.
村民们要砍 木材得走许多公里的路程。
Let's go for a walk in the wood.咱们去 树林中散步吧!
2)有些抽象名词当意思转变而表示某类个体时,就成了个体名词。如:
youth(青春)——a youth(青年人)
relation(关系)—— a relation(亲戚)
authority(权威) ——an authority(权威人士)
power(权力,电力)—— a power(大国)
beauty(美丽)——a beauty(美人,美的东西)
3)有许多名词通常是不可数的,但在一定情况下可变为可数。如:
China produce a large variety of tea.
中国生产大量的茶叶。(物质,不可数)
Yunwu is a well-known Chinese tea.
云雾茶是一种中国的名茶。(个体,可数)
Kate has covered it with Christmas lights. 凯特用圣诞灯装饰着它(圣诞树)。
Light travels faster than sound. 光比声的速度快。
4)另外有些个体名词在一定情况下也可以抽象化,成为不可数名词。如:
This school is the best one in our city.这所学校是我们市里最好的一所学校。
There's no school tomorrow.明天不上课。
5. 注意汉语中是可数的,英语中可能是不可数的:
有许多东西在汉语里是可数的,而在英语中则不可数。如:news,housework,progress,information,homework,bread,furniture.......等。
如果要表示“一件”或“一个”这类概念时就须加a piece of 这类定语。如:
a piece of news (information) 一条新闻(消息);a piece of bread 一块面包;a tube of toothpaste 一管牙膏;a cake of soap 一块肥皂;a bottle of ink一瓶墨水;a packet of cigarettes 一包香烟;a bunch of flowers一束花;a pair of glasses一副眼镜;a piece (an article) of furniture 一件家具;a suit of clothes一套衣服。
二、名词的数(Number)
英语的名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。表示抽象概念的名词和物质名词通常是不可数的,只有单数形式,前面不用不定冠词a(an)和another限定词修饰。大多数的名词为可数名词,有单数(Singular)和复数(Plural)两种形式。
1.名词复数形式的规则变化及读音变化列表如下:
类别 构成方式 读音 例词 备注
大部分名词后 加“s” a)清辅音后读[s] bikes, cups, maps
b)浊辅音元音后读[z] bags, dogs, seas
c)s,z,等音素后读[iz] roses, pages
以-s, -x, -sh,ch[t]结尾的名词 加“-es” 读[iz] classes, brushes,boxes, matches 但-ch若发[k]则加“-s”,如stomachs
以结尾的名词 a)y前是辅音变-y为i 加“-es” 读[i:] parties, cities
b)y前是元音,直接加“-s” 读[z] boys, rays
以-f, -fe结尾的名词 变-f 或 -fe 为v加-es 读[z] leaves, wives, wolves, lives,knives, selves. halves, shelves, thieves 少数加s;roofs,chiefs, beliefs,gulfs
以辅音加-o结尾的名词 加“-es” 读[z] potatoes, tomatoes,heroes, Negroes,echoes 元音后s:radios, bamboos;同时音乐及乐器名词多加-s。如:pianos, solos独唱cantos旋律trios三重唱
注意:少数名词词尾加了-s 或 -es 后读音要浊化。如:house[haus]—houses[hauziz],cloth[klCW]—clothes[kl[UTz], bath [bB:W]—baths[bB:Tz],mouth[mauW]—mouths[mauTz],(比较:months,paths等并不浊化,-ths仍发[Ws])
2.名词复数形式的不规则变化(Irregular Plurals)
1)单数名词中的元音字母发生变化。
foot—feet (脚), goose—geese (鹅), man—men (男人),mouse—mice (老鼠),tooth—teeth (牙齿), woman—women (女人)
2)有些名词的复数形式是在词尾加上“-en”。
child—children (儿童), ox—oxen (牛)
3)有些名词的单、复数形式相同。
Aircraft (航空器),buffalo (水牛),Chinese (中国人),deer (鹿),fish (鱼), Japanese (日本人),sheep (羊), shark (鲨鱼),Swiss (瑞士人)。
但表示不同种类的鱼时,可加复数词尾。如:
He doesn't like fish very much. 他不喜欢吃鱼。
The paper is about some freshwater fishes. 这论文是关于一些淡水鱼的。
4)一些来自拉丁文或希腊文等外来词,仍保留原来的名词复数形式。
analysis—analyses(分析) bacterium—bacteria(细菌);basis—bases(基础);crisis—crises(危机);phenomenon—phenomena;现象thesis—theses(论文);appendix—appendices(附录)。
3.复合名词构成复数时,通常只将其中主体名词变为复数。
boy friend(s)男朋友;girl friend(s)女朋友;editor(s)-in-chief总编;looker(s)-on旁观者;son(s)-in-law女婿;grandchild(ren)孙儿孙女;runner(s)-up亚军;passer(s)-by过路者。
由man和woman表性别时(前置)构成的合成名词,两个名词全部都要变为复数。如:
man servant—men servants(男佣人)
woman doctor— women doctors(女医生)
如果man是复合词中的末尾部分(后置),则man改为men:
army man—army men(军人) Englishman— Englishmen(英国人)
但如果像German这类词不是复合词而是一个不可分割的单词,变复数时则在后面加“-s”。如:Germans(德国人), Romans(罗马人)
如果没有主体名词, 就在最后一个词上加复数词尾:如:
go-between go-betweens(中间人);drawback drawbacks(缺陷);grown-up grown-ups(成年人);merry-go-round merry-go-rounds(旋转木马);forget-me-not forget-me-nots(勿忘我草)。
4.有些名词通常用复数形式,谓语也用复数。
1)由两个相同的部分组成的成双成对整体名称用a pair of 修饰:
glasses(眼镜)— a (pair of) glasses,
scissors(剪刀)—a (pair of) scissors,
shoes(鞋子)—a pair of shoes,
shorts(短裤)—a pair of shorts,
trousers(裤子)—a pair of trousers,
另如:stockings(长袜), tongs(夹子),compasses (两脚圆规),scales(天平)
2)以-ing 结尾的词(只能用复数形式)
belongings 所有物,surroundings环境,lodgings住处,doings行为,savings储蓄,findings调查结果,shavings刨花, earnings收入:
注意:以-s结尾的科学名称和疾病名称, 作为学科时看作单数。economics (经济学), mathematics(数学), politics(政治学), physics(物理学), acoustics(声学),measles(麻疹),diabetes(糖尿病),ethics(伦理学),phonetics(语音学),gymnastics(体操),optics(光学)。
另外有一些其它的名词常也以复数形式出现。
clothes衣服, papers文件,suburbs郊区, arms武器, fireworks烟火,overalls工作服remains残余、遗物,oil-colors 油画,thanks感谢,clothes衣服,riches财富,ashes灰烬,valuables珍贵物品,stairs楼梯,forces(武装)部队, goods货物, customs进口税,greens蔬菜。
5.表示抽象概念的名词和物质名词通常是不可数的。
1)有些名词只有单数形式
advice(劝告),bread(面包),cash(现金),clothing(衣服),food(食物),fruit(水果),pay(工资),furniture(家具),
homework(家庭作业),housework(家务),luggage(baggage)(行李),information(情报消息), money(金钱),damage(损失),knowledge(知识),music(音乐),population(人口),scenery(风景),traffic(交通)
2)有些名词形式上是复数,实际上算单数。news(消息), means(手段),whereabouts(下落)
3)有些集合名词形式上是单数,但却用作复数cattle(畜牲), mankind(人类), militia(民兵), police(警察), poultry(家禽), vermin(害虫), people(人民)
但集合名词machinery(机械), equipment(设备), merchandise(商品)却只用作单数, 没有复数形式。
4)大多数集合名词既可看作单数(作为整体),也可看作复数(作为集体的单个成员)。
army(军队), class(班级), audience(观众), crew(全体船员), crowd(人群), family(家庭全体成员), group(小组). committee(委员会), government(政府), public(公众),union(工会)。例如:
His family is a large one. 他的家庭是一个大家庭。
Our family all have different hobbies. 我们家庭成员的爱好各不相同。
A committee was investigating the charges.
一个委员会正对这些指控进行调查。
The committee are divided into three groups. 该委员会成员分成三个小组。
6.有些名词,其复数形式有时可以表示特别的意思。
air空气—airs(摆)架子; arm手臂—arms武器;
condition情况、状态—conditions条件、环境;
custom风俗—customs海关、关税;letter字母—letters文学;
look看—looks外表、容貌;manner方式—manners礼貌;
color颜色—colors旗帜、军旗;regard尊敬—regards敬意、致意;
sense意义—senses感觉;spirit精神—spirits酒精、情绪;
work工作—works工厂、车间、著作;green草地、草场—greens蔬菜、青枝。例如:
To improve the working and living conditions is very important.
改善工作和生活条件是非常重要的。
His health condition was very serious. 他的健康状况非常严重。
She greeted me in a friendly manner. 她很友好地和我打招呼。
His manner showed his frankness. 他的态度说明了他的坦率。
注意:hair和fruit通常作不可数名词,表示总体,但如果表示若干根头发和若干种水果,则需要用这两个词的复数形式。例如:
I am going to the barber's to have my hair cut.
我打算去理发店,把我的头发理一理。
Ten years had elapsed(时间过去).I found she had a few white hairs.
十年过去了,我发现她有一些(几根)白头发。
三、名词的格(Case)
英语名词有三种格:主格(Nominative Case)、宾格(Objection Case)和所有格(Possessive Case)。但英语的名词除所有格有形式变化外,主格和宾格都没有形式的变化,故主格和宾格常合称为普通格(Common Case)。在此我们仅谈谈所有格。
1.名词所有格(Possessive Case)
可加's或of用来表示所有关系的名词形式叫名词所有格。
1)'s所有格的用法
(1)表示有生命的东西(特别是人或高级动物)的名词在其词尾上加's放在另一个名词之前作定语。例如:
Lei Feng's Diary 雷锋日记;
Mr. Li's telephone number 李先生电话号码
Tom's friends 汤姆的朋友
women's right 妇女权利
my father's room 我父亲的房间
以-s或-es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加“ ' ”。例如:
the workers' rest-home 工人疗养院
the students' reading-room 学生阅览室
(2)在表示某人的“家”或“店铺”的名字时名词所有格后面常常省略它所修饰的名词。例如:
the barber's=the barber's shop 理发店
at my aunt's=at my aunt's house 我姑姑家
the doctor's=the doctor's office 医生诊所
St. Paul's = St Paul's cathedral 圣保罗教堂
(3)如果一样东西为两个或两个以上的人共有,则只在后一个名词后面加's;如果不是共有则两个名词之后都要加's。例如:
Jane and Mary's room 珍妮和玛丽的房间(共有)
Tom's and John's bike 汤姆的自行车和约翰的自行车(不共有)。
(4)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇、天体等无生命的名词及由人组成的集体名词也可加“'s”构成所有格。例如:
today's newspaper 今天的报纸
ten minutes' walk 二十分钟的路程
China's capital 中国的首都
the country's plan 国家计划
the earth's surface 地球表面
the delegation's visits 代表团的访问
(5)在某些习惯用语中尽管是表示无生命东西的名词,也需要用所有格。例如:
at one's wit's end 智穷才竭,黔驴技穷
escape from death by a hair's breadth 九死一生,死里逃生
a stone's throw 一箭之遥
at one's finger's ends 了如指掌
a bird's view 鸟瞰
at death's door 面临死亡;生命危在旦夕
in one's mind's eye 在想象中;在心目中
keep sb. at arm's length 对某人保持距离;对某人不予亲近
make a cat's paw of sb. 利用某人
out of harm's way 避免受损害
2)of 所有格的用法
(1)表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of 构成短语,表示所有关系。the window of the room,(房间的窗户)the cover of the book(书的封皮), the title of the film(电影的名字), the workshops of the plant(工厂的车间)
(2)指有生命东西的名词在下列情况也可用of 词组表示所有关系。
a) 名词较长 the works of Marx, Engel’s, Lenin and Stalin
马恩列斯著作
b) 名词的定语较长 the name of the girl reading at the desk
在桌子旁边看书的那个女孩的名字
3)双重所有格的用法
表示兼用两种属格的后置修饰语,叫双重所有格,即of词组+所有格。表示所属物的名词前有一个不定冠词a或an、数词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词时,常用这种形式来表示所有关系。例如:
a friend of my sister's=one of my sister's friend我妹妹的朋友
a play of Shakespeare’s (莎士比亚的一部戏剧)
=one of Shakespeare’s play (莎士比亚的许多剧作之一)
a picture of his uncle's 他叔叔的一张照片(他叔叔所有照片中的一张,但不一定是他本人的照片)
4)'s属格,of属格及双重所有格的区别
(1)'s属格和of所有格有许多共同之处,常常可以交换使用。
Newton's laws — the laws of Newton 牛顿定律
my family's story — the story of my family 我家的故事
the book's title — the title of the book 书的题目
China's foreign policy — the foreign policy of China 中国的外交政策
(2)但在下列情况中,两者必须严格区别使用:
a)对事物类别、属性进行界定时,必须用's格。
children's stories 儿童故事 (不可改作stories of children)
men' shoes 男鞋 (不可改作shoes of men)
a doctor's degree 博士学位 (不可改作degree of a doctor)
b)当被修饰名词后面紧跟以逗号分开的同位语时,必须用's格。
The monitor's brother, a PLA man was here this morning.
班长的兄弟是一位解放军,他今天早上在这儿。
Comrade Wang's sister, a singer, is a party member.
王同志的姐姐是一位歌唱家,她是一名党员。
c)在某些习语中习惯用's格
a wolf in sheep's clothing 伪君子
within a stone's throw 近在咫尺
all one's life 毕生
to one's joy 使人高兴的是
at arm's length疏远
d)表示同位关系时,使用of 属格
the city of Beijing北京市 the ten of us 我们十个人
(3)有时of属格和双重属格在单句中意义较接近,只是侧重点略有不同。例如:
He is a friend of my father's.= He is one of my father's friends.
(着重说明父亲不止一个朋友)
He is a friend of my father. = It is he who is my father's friend.
(着重说明他是父亲的朋友)
但中心词是 portrait, picture, printing, photograph 等词时,后面用of 所属格时,指某人自己的肖像、照片等,用双重属格则表示某人所收藏的肖像、照片。
This is a picture of my father. 照片上的人是我父亲。
This is a picture of my father's. 这照片属于我父亲收藏。
三、名词作定语与复合名词
1.名词所有格作定语
Tom' father 汤姆的父亲
China's industry 中国的工业
2.一个名词直接用作定语修饰另一个名词
一个名词直接用作定语修饰另一个名词时既不加形容词的词尾,也不需要任何格的变化,这样的定语叫名词定语。其用法如下:
1)表示材料的名词作定语,说明被修饰的名词是什么材料制成的。例如:
stone figures(石像),castor oil(蓖麻油),silk books(丝绸书),paper money(纸币),metal pots(金属锅),plastic sheets(塑料布),diamond necklace(钻石项链),gold medals(金牌)。
2)表示地点的名词作定语,说明被修饰的名词存在或发生的地方。例如:
country music(乡村音乐),forest land(森林土地),post office(邮政局),nature park(天然公园),palace ball(宫廷舞会),space satellites(太空卫星),table cloth(桌布),street lights(街灯),city life(城市生活),school education(学校教育)。
3)两名词构成部分与整体关系做整体名词时可作定语(常指物)。例如:
river banks(河岸),cabbage seed(卷心菜种子),animal bones(动物骨头),cigarette ends(烟头),ocean floor(大洋底),school gate(校门口),overcoat pockets(大衣口袋),table legs(桌脚),tree branches(树枝)。
当我们谈到某一特定的东西时可用结构来表达。例如:the window of the classroom教室的窗户
4)表示用途性质的名词作定语。例如:
coffee cups(咖啡杯),book shore(书店),sports shoes(运动鞋),food factory(食品工厂),women police officers(女警官),boy friends(男朋友),design office(设计工作室),fruit trees(水果树),traffic lights(交通灯)。
5)说明有关后一名词内容的名词可作定语。例如:
forest programs(森林规划),weight problems(体重问题),science lab(科学实验室),computer studies(电脑学习),weather report(天气预报),film industry(电影工业),wildlife project(野生动物工程),China Daily(中国日报),body language(身体语言)。
6)表示泛指的时间名词作定语。例如:
summer holidays(暑假),winter weather(冬天的天气),time zone(时区),evening dress(晚礼服),morning paper(晨报),Sunday edition(星期日版),rooster year stamp(鸡年邮票),night school(夜校)。
注意:表示具体的时间名词作定语,则要用所有格结构来表达。例如:
yesterday's news(昨天的消息),today's newspaper(今天的报纸),an hour's drive(开车一小时的路程)。
名词作定语时一般用单数形式,但在个别情况下也有需用复数的。例如:
sports meet(运动会),the United States government(美国政府),students reading-room(学生阅览室),goods train(货车),two men doctors(两个男医生),savings bank储蓄银行,commodities fair商品交易会,parks department园林处,customs house海关大楼。
【强化训练】
I. 根据括号中所给的提示词填空(1-10)或 改错(11-12)
1.(2021高考 全国乙卷)Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 69 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
【答案】activities
【解析】句意:科莫多国家公园于1980年正式成立,因其独特的生物多样性而受到生态旅游的欢迎。那里的活动范围从观赏鲸鱼到徒步旅行,住宿的目的是对自然环境的影响较小。考查名词用法。空格处位于主语的位置,且谓语动词range为复数形式,所以其考点为名词变复数。故答案为activities。
2. (2021年 新高考I卷) Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are.
【答案】humans
【解析】句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。考查名词复数。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。所以填humans。
3. (2020年高考 新课标II卷)Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
【答案】celebration
【解析】句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。考查名词。不定冠词a后接名词形式。所以填celebration。
4. (2020高考 新课标III卷)Filled with 64________ (curious),the artist packed his bags and left.
【答案】curiosity
【解析】句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。考查名词。with为介词,后跟名词curiosity作宾语,表示“好奇心”。所以填curiosity。
我们故选择B。
5.(2020高考 新课标I卷)Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
【答案】accuracy
【解析】句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。考查名词。空格处做主语,位于形容词historical之后用名词,意为:历史的准确性。所以填accuracy。
6.(2020高考浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the 62 (season),planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 making (make) use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields.
【答案】seasons
【解析】句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。考查名词复数。分析句子,括号中提示词的词性为可数名词,此处应用复数形式。所以填seasons。
7.(2018高考 新课标I卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】句意:一项研究表明,仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。考查名词复数。根据句意与空格前的all可知:用复数形式。所以填causes。
8.(2018高考 浙江卷) Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】句意:我认识的人中似乎很少有人想做饭或很少有人有时间做饭。大家都认为做中国菜特别麻烦。考查名词。提示词dish在此处指中国菜,表示泛指应该用名词复数,所以填dishes。
9.(2018高考 浙江卷)Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.
【答案】weight
【解析】句意:研究人员发现,在外出时进食量的增加和体重问题增加之间有着直接的联系。考查名词。此处指体重问题,用名词来修饰其后的problems,故填weight。
10.(2017高考 新课标II卷) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
【答案】crowds
【解析】句意:它行驶了不到7公里,使人们能够在上下班时避开道路上拥挤的人群。考查名词复数。因为crowd为可数名词,并且其前没有限定词,故此处用其复数形式。所以填crowds。
11.(2020高考 新课标II卷 改错)Luckily, I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.
【答案】vacations改为vacation
【解析】句意:幸运的是,两周后我就要回家过暑假。考查不可数名词。分析句子,vacation译为“假期”是个不可数名词,后面不可加s表示复数。Summer vacation 译为“暑期”是固定搭配。故将vacations改为vacation。
12.(2020年高考 新课标I卷 改错) Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.
【答案】将chopstick改为chopsticks
【解析】句意:下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里,然后用筷子快速搅拌。考查名词复数。chopstick是可数名词,意为“筷子”,通常以复数形式出现,故将chopstick改为chopsticks。
II. 单项选择
13.(2019高考 江苏卷)Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解析】句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。考查名词辨析。A. priority优先;优先权;B. potential潜在的,可能的;C. proportion比例,占比;D. pension退休金,抚恤金。故选A。
14.(2018高考 天津卷6)The ________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspires scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。该题考查的是名词辨析,advice建议;order命令;possibility可能性;invitation邀请。从语法角度分析,这是一个同位语从句,从句“that there is life on other planets in the universe”是用来解释说明前面的名词,根据常识和上下文可推测出,宇宙其它星球存在生命只是一种可能性,没有事实可以证明,所以选择答案C。
15.(2018年江苏省南通、徐州等七市五月联考21)Elizabeth shows great ______ in her choice of friends, so she has a lot of trustworthy companions.
A. comprehension B. discrimination C. determination D. consideration
【答案】B
【解析】句意:伊丽莎白在选择朋友时展现出了强大的辨别力,所以她有很多值得信任的伙伴。考查名词辨析。comprehension理解力;discrimination辨别力;determination决心;consideration考虑;体谅。根据句意,所以选选择B。
16.(2018天津河西区 三模 4)More than one thousand high school students practiced yoga in the school playground to relieve of the coming exam.
A. pressure B. disagreement C. courage D. emotion
【答案】A
【解析】句意:一千多名高中生在学校操场上练习瑜伽以缓解即将到来的考试的压力。考查名词辨析。pressure压力,disagreement分歧,意见不合,不一致;courage勇气;emotion情感。根据句意pressure压力符合句意。选答案A。
17.(2018天津和平区 一模 2)
—Jim’s car crashed yesterday.
—Yes, but he had the good to escape injury when it happened.
A. memory B. condition C. impression D. fortune
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——吉姆的车昨天撞了。——是的,但他很幸运在碰撞过程中没有受伤。考查名词辨析。fortune幸运;memory记忆;condition状态,状况;impression印象。根据句意,选择答案D。
18.(2019高考 哈市模拟卷) If the child violates one of the contract’s rules,he may lose a(n) _______, such as talking to his friend on the phone.
A. privilege B. advantage C. honor D. benefit
【答案】A
【解析】句意:如果孩子违反了合同的规定,他可能会失去一项特权,比如跟朋友通电话聊天。考查名词辨析。 privilege特权;advantage好处;honor荣誉;benefit好处。根据句意选择答案A。
19.(2020高考 哈市模拟卷)The police recognized the criminal from his typical facial — a scar on the forehead.
A. expression B. feature C. outline D. gesture
【答案】B
【解析】句意:警察从罪犯典型的面部特征认出了他。他前额上有一道伤疤。考查名词辨析。feature特征,特点;expression表情;outline轮廓;gesture手势,姿势,姿态。根据句意,故答案选B。
20. (2020高考 哈市模拟卷)We have been making furniture for over 100 years, and have a worldwide for quality.
A. contribution B. qualification C. reputation D. institution
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们生产家具已有100多年的历史,因质量而在世界范围内享有盛誉。考查名词辨析。reputation名声,名誉;contribution贡献;qualification资格;institution制度,制定。根据句意,故答案选C。
III. 完形填空
It was the day before my daughter’s birthday. I’d just collected her from preschool when she cautioned me to____1____the elderly person walking across the car park. I was struck by her____2____and had no idea how much she really____3____it.
The following day—her birthday—we decided to buy cupcakes for her. After we ____4____ the cupcakes, Norah was busy standing up in the trolley (手推车), ____5____ waving and happily declaring, “Hi, old person! It’s my birthday today!” ____6____I could stop her calling him an old person, the stone-faced man ____7____ to her.His expression softened as he replied, “Well,hello, little lady! And how old are you today ” They____8____for a few minutes, he wished her a happy birthday, and we went our____9____ways. A few minutes later, Norah asked me if she could take a ____10____ with the old man. I agreed. We found the man a couple of shelves over, and I approached him. When I told him Norah’s____11____, his expression changed from____12____to shocked finally to delighted.He took a step back, steadied himself on his shopping trolley, and____13____his free hand on his chest.“A photo With me ” he asked. “Yes,Sir, for my birthday!” Norah begged. And so he did. I____14____ my iPhone, and they posed together. Norah placed her soft hand on top of his hand. He wordlessly stared at her with ____15____ eyes as she kept his hand in hers. I asked his name, and he told us to call him Dan. We were ____16____other shoppers, but they didn’t care. There was ____17____ happening in the supermarket that day, and we could all sense it.
That afternoon I____18____the story and a photo of the two of them on the Facebook. Later that night, I received a private____19____from a local reader who recognized Mr. Dan. He told me Dan’s wife had passed away six months earlier and he wanted to let me know that he was certain Dan’s heart was touched by my little girl and Dan would never forget that____20____with my daughter.
1. A. spot B. delay C. mind D. stop
2. A. selflessness B. carefulness C. loneliness D. thoughtfulness
3. A. meant B. ended C. proved D. showed
4. A. kept up B. picked up C. turned up D. put up
5. A. excitedly B. disappointedly C. calmly D. anxiously
6. A. After B. Before C. Since D. Until
7. A. turned B. referred C. appealed D. walked
8. A. hesitated B. chatted C. rested D. waited
9. A. regular B. single C. separate D. natural
10. A. picture B. walk C. rest D. break
11. A. dream B. command C. request D. suggestion
12. A. nervous B. upset C. confused D. impatient
13. A. reached B. placed C. touched D. patted
14. A. pulled out B. put down C. turned off D. glanced at
15. A. glaring B. twinkling C. sharp D. big
16. A. blocking B. delaying C. preventing D. interrupting
17. A. discount B. magic C. incident D. embarrassment
18. A. posted B. wrote C. read D. printed
19. A. note B. gift C. message D. report
20. A. connection B. combination C. construction D. contribution
【答案】
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. A 11. C
12. C 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。女儿注意到一个上了年纪的人走过停车场,因此劝我小心。后来又在超市遇到了他(Dan),女儿主动向他打招呼,他们谈了几分钟。后来在女儿的请求下,他们合影了。Dan由面无表情到最后变得开心,正如看到帖子认出Dan的人说的那样,Dan在失去妻子后心灵受到了触动,他肯定不会忘记拍照这一时刻。
1. 考查动词辨析。A. spot发现;B. delay耽误,延 ;C. mind介意,留心; D. stop停止。句意:女儿注意到有一个上了年纪的人走过停车场,因此提醒我小心。小女孩只有发现了一个老人走过停车场,才会提醒作者注意。故C切题。
2. 考查名词辨析。A. selflessness无私;B. carefulness仔细;C. loneliness孤独;D. thoughtfulness体贴,思虑。句意:我被她的体贴所打动。前文小女孩已经提醒作者小心,所以作者觉得女儿很体贴。故D选项切题。
3. 考查动词辨析。A. meant意味着,意; B. ended结束; C. proved证明; D. showed显示,表明。句意:我不知道她到底是什么意思。根据句意,故A选型切题。
4. 考查动词短语辨析。A. kept up保持,继续,使不低落,不落后;B. picked up捡起,买; C. turned up调大,出现; D. put up张贴,搭建。句意:我们买(pick up)了杯形蛋糕。由前文we decided to buy cupcakes for her可知,母女两人去买蛋糕,在买完蛋糕之后又看到了老人。故B选项切题。
5. 考查副词辨析。A. excitedly兴奋地;B. disappointedly失望地;C. calmly冷静地;D. anxiously焦急地。句意:Norah站在手推车里,兴奋地向他挥手。由连词and之后的happily(高兴地)可知,女儿见到老人后很兴奋。故A选项切题。
6. 考查连词辨析。A. After在……以后;B. Before还未来得及……就;C. Since自从……以来;D. Until直到……。句意:我还未来得及阻止她喊他老人,面无表情的男士转向她。根据句意,故B选项切题。
7. 考查动词辨析。A. turned转向;B. referred参考,提到,涉及到;C. appealed吸引;D. walked走,散步。句意:我还未来得及阻止她喊他老人,面无表情的男士转向她。小女孩喊他老人,所以老人转向了小女孩。故A选项切题。
8. 考查动词辨析。A. hesitated犹豫;B. chatted闲谈,交谈;C. rested休息;D. waited等候,等待。句意:他们进行了几分钟的交谈。根据句意,故B选项切题。
9. 考查形容词辨析。A. regular有规律的,定期的;B. single 单个的;C. separate 各自的;D. natural自然的。句意:他们交谈了几分钟,他祝她生日快乐,接下来各走各的路。由下文I approached him 我靠近他。可知,之前他们是分开了,故C选项切题。
10. 考查名词辨析。A. picture图片,相片;B. walk 散步;C. rest休息;D. break间歇,间断。句意:Norah问我她是否可以和他合影。由下文That afternoon I____18____the story and a photo of the two of them on the Facebook 可知,作者把照片发到脸谱网。可以判断出之前他们是合影了。故A选项切题。
11. 考查名词辨析。A. dream梦,梦想;B. command命令;C. request要求,请求;D. suggestion建议。句意:当我告诉他Norah的请求时,他的表情由感到困惑变为感到震惊,最后变为高兴。由上文小女孩对妈妈的话Norah asked me if she could take a____10____with the old man可知,这是孩子的一个小小的要求。故C选项切题。
12. 考查形容词辨析。A. nervous紧张的;B. upset不安的;C. confused感到困惑的;D. impatient不耐心的。句意:当我告诉他Norah的请求时,他的表情由感到困惑变为感到震惊,最后变为高兴。这里在表示老年人的一个心理和表情上的变化,起初是不明白为什么小女孩要和自己合影。故C选项切题。
13. 考查动词辨析。A. reached到达,伸手够; B. placed放置; C. touched接触,触摸; D. patted拍。句意:他把手放置在胸部。表示老人想确认一下是要和自己照相吗。故B选项切题。
14. 考查动词短语辨析。 A. pulled out掏出,拉出,拔出来;B. put down放下; C. turned off 关掉;D. glanced at瞥。句意:我掏出手机准备拍照,他们摆造型。作者为小女孩和老人照相,所以要先掏出手机。故A选项切题。
15. 考查形容词辨析。 A. glaring瞪视; B. twinkling闪烁的,闪闪发亮的;C. sharp 尖的,锋利的;D. big大的。句意:当她把他的手放在她的手里时,他无言地用闪亮的眼睛盯着她。由下文he was certain Dan’s heart was touched by my little girl 可知,老人被小女孩打动了。所以判断出老人闪烁的眼睛正是他被感动地表现之一。故B选项切题。
16. 考查动词辨析。A. blocking阻塞,堵塞;B. delaying延误;C. preventing阻止;D. interrupting打断。句意:他们阻挡了其他的购物者,但是他们不介意。两人的合影挡住了其他人购物。故A选项切题。
17. 考查名词辨析。A. discount打折;B. magic 魔力;C. incident事变,小事;D. embarrassment尴尬。句意:那天在超市有魔力般的事情发生,我们都感觉到了。根据小题16和短文大意,故B选项切题。
18. 考查动词辨析。A. posted 邮寄,发(帖子);B. wrote写;C. read读;D. printed印刷。句意:那天下午,我把故事和照片发到了Facebook上。根据句意,故A选项切题。
19. 考查名词辨析。 A. note纸条;B. gift礼物;C. message信儿,信息;D. report报告。句意:我收到了一个来自于当地的辨认出Mr.Dan的读者的信息。由上文小题18可知,有人回复了作者发的帖子,作者收到了信息。故C选项切题。
20. 考查名词辨析。A. connection联系,连接;B. combination结合;C. construction建设;D. contribution贡献。句意:我的女儿触动了Dan的心灵,Dan将永远不会忘记他和我女儿之间的联系。根据短文大意,故A选项切题。
IV. 短文改错
(21年高考英语 乙卷 第四部分写作 第一节 短文改错)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处,每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加,删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my own bedroom whatever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they are like and it improves the family relationship. What's most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study. That’s our view on housework. And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
【参考答案】
I love doing housework. I always assist my parents in doing the dishes after meals. I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom whenever necessary. In my opinion, students can benefit a lot from doing some housework. Firstly, doing housework is helpful for us to be a responsible person. Also, it gives our parents more time to do what they \ like and it improves the family relationship. What's more, doing housework can be a form of mental relaxation from study. That’s my view on housework. And hope this can inspire more thinking on the topic!
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文,作者通过自己的经历,论述了做家务的益处。
1. Line 1: dish — dishes;
句意:我总是在饭后帮我父母洗盘子。dish,盘子,可数名词,这里指洗全家的碗,应用复数形式,故答案为 dish改为dishes。
2. Line 2: tidying — tidy;
句意:我还会给院子里的花浇水,必要时还会整理自己的卧室。tidy,整理,water与tidy并列,都是一般现在时的谓语动词,故答案为tidying改为tidy。
3. Line 2: whatever—whenever;
句意:我还会给院子里的花浇水,必要时还会整理自己的卧室。此处应用whenever引导作时间状语,无论什么时候,故答案为whatever改为whenever。
4. Line 3: benefit a lot doing — benefit a lot from doing
句意:在我看来,学生可以从做一些家务中受益匪浅。benefit from,固定短语,“从……受益”,故答案为在 lot 后加from。
5. Line 3: was — is;
句意:首先,做家务有助于我们成为一个负责任的人。作者陈述的是一般事实,用一般现在时,主语是 doing housework ,因此be动词用is,故答案为was改为is。
6. Line 4: are 删掉;
句意:而且这让我们的父母有更多的时间做他们想做的事,改善家庭关系。be like,“像”,结合句意,此处指的是喜欢的事情,所以去掉like前的are,故答案为 are 删掉 。
7. Line 5:most — more ;
句意:除此之外,做家务可以是从学习中心理放松的一种形式。what's more,固定短语,“而且,除此之外”,故答案为most改为more。
8. Line 5:mentally — mental;
句意:除此之外,做家务可以是从学习中心理放松的一种形式。relaxation “放松”,是名词,此处应该用形容词来修饰,所以答案为 mentally改为mental。
9. Line 6: our — my ;
句意:这就是我对家务的看法。上面谈的是作者对家务的看法,我的,my,故答案为our改为my。
10. Line 6: hopes — hope;
句意:希望这能激发更多关于这个话题的思考!And后省略的是主语I,时态为一般现在时,因此谓语动词用原形,故答案为hopes改为hope。
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