中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中考英语一轮专题复习 名词
吉林省近五年中考真题
( ) 1. -Sally’s favorite ______ is orange .
-I see. That’s why all her sweaters are orange .
fruit B. color C. juice
( ) 2. Betty has a beautiful ______ . She wants to be a singer in the future.
voice B. look C. noise D. sound
( ) 3. You can see the _____ in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.
doubt B. pride C. regret D. ability
( ) 4. -I’m not sure what to write about The Secret Garden in the report .
-You should read some _____ about the book before writing.
reviews B. reasons C. results D. rewards
( ) 5. My daughter helps me cook , but she isn’t old enough to be left alone in the _____ .
bedroom B. classroom C. lab D. kitchen
( ) 6. If I leave my house at 9 o’clock and drive to the airport , I’ll arrive at about 11. So it’s about two ______ drive from my house to the airport .
hours’ B. hour’s C. hours
( ) 7. -Lucy , how about going to the _____
-Sounds great ! Reading books can give us much pleasure.
library B. cinema C. museum D. concert
( ) 8. The _____ of this activity is to raise money for a new hospital !
silence B. purpose C. culture D. language
( ) 9. -Sir , did you enjoy your stay in our _____
-Yes. I slept well and I like the breakfast .
hotel B. school C. factory D. company
( ) 10. One _____ of the book is missing , so I can’t learn the whole story .
copy B. page C. writer D. reader
( ) 11. We have wider _____ in our village , so we can go out more easily now .
houses B. roads C. schools D. hospitals
( ) 12. -I don’t know how to use the App Fun Dubbing .
-Ask Kitty for help . She has lots of _____ in doing it .
expression B. experiment
C examination D. experience
( ) 13. -Oh, my God! We have missed the the bus . What shall we do
-I’m afraid that we have no ______ but to take a taxi .
idea B. decision C. reason D. choice
( ) 14. -She is leaving to take part in the final poem competition .
-I’m proud of her . I wish her a great ______ .
speed B. method C. pressure D. success
( ) 15. -It’s _____ today , isn’t it
-Yes, it is . Let’s enjoy the moon while eating the mooncakes tonight .
the Lantern Festival B. the Mid-Autumn Day
C the Dragon Boat Festival D. the Chinese Spring Festival
( ) 16. -I know little about this product .
-Surf the Internet , and you will get much _____ about it .
information B. message C. suggestion
( ) 17. -More and more foreigners come to visit the Great Wall.
-That’s true . It is the _____ of China .
praise B. pride C. effort D. courage
( ) 18. -What should we do for the camping trip
-We’d better make a ______ of things like foods , drinks , medicine and so on .
list B. card C. report
( ) 19. To keep our city beautiful , the _____ are always very busy in the streets . We shouldn’t throw rubbish everywhere .
policemen B. cleaners C. drivers
( ) 20. Night Safari is an amazing ______ and you can watch animals there at night .
school B. zoo C. hospital
( ) 21. -Dad , what is the loudspeaker saying
-It is to the _____ . The flight to Wuhan is boating now.
customers B. passengers C. members D. tourists
( ) 22. I like this song . It’s by one of my favorite ______ .
singers B. dancers C. painters D. writers
( ) 23. The problems are difficult to solve . Please give me _____ .
many advice B. some advice
C an advice D. some advices
参考答案
真题：1-5 BABAD 6-10 AABAB 11-15BDDDB 16-20 ABABB 21-23 BAB
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中考英语一轮
专题复习
名词
人教新目标版
命题趋势+中考考察重点
命题趋势
名词是用来表示人、事物、地点、现象及其他抽象概念等名词的词。名词在英语词汇中占有较大的比例，历年中考试题都要涉及，而且题目数量逐年增多，难度逐渐加大。考点常分布在单项选择、完形填空中。近几年的中考在淡化语法的同时，突出了语言的交际性和实用性，试题的综合性也越来越强，中考热点主要是不可数名词、可数名词的单复数以及名词和其他词类（如冠词、动词、介词等）组成的固定短语，还包括具体情境名词词义辨析等。
中考考察重点
1.掌握可数名词与不可数名词。
2.掌握可数名词的复数形式（规则变化和不规则变化）
3. 掌握名词所有格。
4. 掌握名词作主语、定语的用法。
Presentation
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
考向一：可数名词
一、可数名词的规则变化
情况 构成方法 例词
map bag
book boy
baby city
bus watch
wish box
(特例：stomach )
photo piano
zoo radio
hero potato
tomato
shelf thief
knife leaf
一般情况
加-s
maps
bags
books
boys
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词
去y，再加-ies
babies
cities
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的词
以“s,x,sh,ch”等结尾的词
加-es
buses
watches
wishes
boxes
stomachs
表示无生命的词，加-s
表示有生命的词，加-es
photos
pianos
zoos
radios
heroes
potatoes
tomatoes
巧学妙用
黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿
以f或fe结尾的词
大多数变f或fe为ve, 再加-s
shelves
thieves
knives
leaves
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
典例
1. We see some ______ rising into the air at the opening of our new library .
A. balloons B. balloon C. ballones
由空前的some可知应用复数，balloon的复数为balloons, 故选A
A
2. Wuhan , one of the most important _____ in China , is famous for the Yellow Crane
Tower.
A. cities B. citys C. city
“one of +形容词最高级+名词复数“结构意为 “最...的...之一”，由此可知，此处应
用名词的复数形式cities .注意词尾y的变化。
A
3. -Can I help you , Madam
-Yes. _______ ,please .
A. Two pair of socks B. Two pairs of socks C. Two pairs of sock
socks短袜，常以复数出现。一双短袜 a pair of socks 两双 two pairs of socks .
B
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
典例
1. We see some ______ rising into the air at the opening of our new library .
A. balloons B. balloon C. ballones
由空前的some可知应用复数，balloon的复数为balloons, 故选A
A
2. Wuhan , one of the most important _____ in China , is famous for the Yellow Crane
Tower.
A. cities B. citys C. city
“one of +形容词最高级+名词复数“结构意为 “最...的...之一”，由此可知，此处应
用名词的复数形式cities .注意词尾y的变化。
A
3. -Can I help you , Madam
-Yes. _______ ,please .
A. Two pair of socks B. Two pairs of socks C. Two pairs of sock
socks短袜，常以复数出现。一双短袜 a pair of socks 两双 two pairs of socks .
B
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
典例
1. We see some ______ rising into the air at the opening of our new library .
A. balloons B. balloon C. ballones
由空前的some可知应用复数，balloon的复数为balloons, 故选A
A
2. Wuhan , one of the most important _____ in China , is famous for the Yellow Crane
Tower.
A. cities B. citys C. city
“one of +形容词最高级+名词复数“结构意为 “最...的...之一”，由此可知，此处应
用名词的复数形式cities .注意词尾y的变化。
A
3. -Can I help you , Madam
-Yes. _______ ,please .
A. Two pair of socks B. Two pairs of socks C. Two pairs of sock
socks短袜，常以复数出现。一双短袜 a pair of socks 两双 two pairs of socks .
B
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
二、可数名词的不规则变化
巧学妙用
构成方法 例词
woman foot tooth
sheep deer
mouse child
Englishman
Frenchman
German Roman
American Canadian
改变单数名词中的元音字母
women
feet
teeth
单复数形式相同
sheep
deer
只有复数形式
trousers
glasses
clothes
pants
jeans
特殊变化
mice
children
表示“某国人”的名词
单复数同形
Chinese
Japanese
变词尾的man变men
词尾加-s
中日不变，英法变，其他后面加-s
Englishmen
Frenchmen
Germans
Romans
Americans
Canadians
Pair work
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
典例
1. -I hear there are three foreigners in my class .
-Yes. One is a ________ ; the other two are ______ .
A. Japan ; Germany B. Japanese; German C. Japanese ; Germans D. Japanese; Germen
第一个横线前有a 后用名词单数； 后面主语有two 后用复数，German复数Germans .
2. Uncle Li has a farm . There are some ______ on the farm .
A. chikcen and sheep B. chickens and sheeps
C. chickens and sheep D. chicken and sheeps
some修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。chicken意为“鸡”时是可数名词，其复数形式
为chickens ,而sheep单复数同形。
C
C
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
三、集合名词的用法
1.是由若干格个体组成的集合体，例如：family,team,guoup class等，它们以单数形式
出现。
a.强调某个集合的整体，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
eg: My family is a happy one . 我的家人正在看电视。
b.强调其中的每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。
eg: My family are watching TV. 我的家人正在看电视。
2. 通常只用作复数。
The police are searching for the criminal. 警察正在搜捕那个罪犯。
若表达单数意义，则使用其他名词。
a person 一个人 some persons /people 一些人 a policeman 一名警察
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
四、不可数名词的量化表达
1.表示不定数量时，一般用”some, much , a little , a lot of , lots of , plenty of +不可数名词“来表示。
some water 一些水 a little milk 一点儿牛奶
2.表示确定数量时，一般用 “数词+量词+of+不可数名词”结构。当数词大于1 ，后面的量词用复数形式。
a piece of bread 一片面包 two glasses of water 两杯水 three bags of rice 三袋大米
注意
a lot of , lots of , some , plenty of 等既能修饰可数名词复数，又能修饰不可数名词。
典例
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
1. -Would you like some drinks , boys
-Yes,______, please .
A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange
D
drinks是饮料而不是事物的意思。先排除B,C.orange当“橘子”讲是可数名词，有复数形式。当“橘子汁”讲是不可数名词，要和数量词放在一起用，所以排除A，选D 。
2. -Could I have someting to eat
-Sure . Here’s some ______ .
A. chicke n B. tomatoes C. orange
A
句意：我可以吃点东西吗？ 当然，这有一些鸡肉。题干中的系动词是 “is”,故应把B排除，C选项”orange”在此处应译成“橘汁”，不属于吃的东西， 故选A。
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
五 名词所有格
类别 构成方法 举例
‘s 所有格
of所有格
双重所有格
一般在词尾加 “-s”
the boy’s bag
表示两人或两人以上共同拥有某物/人时，只在最后一个人后加 “‘s”;表示各自所有时，在每个人后面加 “’s”
Kate’s and Mary’s rooms Kate and Mary’s room
“’s”可表示店铺或某人的家，其后的名词一般可省略。
at the doctor’s
at Li Lei’s
表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的事物的名词，也可加 ”’s”或 “’”来构成所有格。
two days’ holiday
以s, es 结尾的复数名词在词尾加 “ ‘ ”
Teachers’ Day
用“名词+of+名词”的结构来构成所有格。
the title of the song
双重所有格的两种形式： of+ ‘s ; of +名词性物主代词
a friend of my sister’s
a friend of mine
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
典例
1. Look at the big and clean room . It’s _____ .
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy and Lily’s C. Licy’s and Lily
B
Lucy’s and Lily’s 指两人各自拥有的东西； Lucy and Lily’s指两人共有的东西。根据上句的room可知，只有一个房间，故指的时露西和莉莉两人共有的房间。
2. The movie namd A Little Red Flower shows ______ love for their chidlren .
A. parents B. parent’s C. parents’
C
Parents意为 “父母”，是可数名词复数；parent’s是parent一词但是形式所有格，表示”父亲或母亲的“； parents’是parent的复数形式所有格，表示”父母的“。由their 可知本题选C。
3. June 1st is_______ Day .
A. Children B. Children’s C . Child D. Child’s
B
句意：六月一日是_______节。 根据生活常识可推知是儿童节。表示 “一类人的“应用名词复数的所有格形式，child的复数是children ,该词复数不以s结尾，其所有格形式在其后加 ”’s”，既children’s .
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
六 词义辨析
1. 一词多义
词语 可数名词意义 不可数名词意义
chicken
glass
work
room
time
experience
fruit
food
paper
exercise
2. 语境辩词： 运用生活经验，知识积累，根据上下文推测出空格出所要表答的意思，从而选出正确选项。
鸡
鸡肉
玻璃杯
玻璃
作品
工作
房间
空间
次数
时间
经历
经验
各种水果
水果
各种食物
食物
试卷； 论文
纸
练习
锻炼
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
【思维提升】名词作定语
1. 名词作定语，一般用单数形式
computer games 电脑游戏 country music 乡村音乐
2. 个别名词作定语，要用复数形式。
clothes store 服装店 sports meeting 运动会
3. man, woman作定语时，由单复数变化。
a man teacher - two men teachers
复合名词作定语，其结构为“数词+连字符+名词单数”，也可以用“数词+名词所有格”形式，如 a three-day holiday = three days’ holiday 为期三天的假期。
考向知识点梳理+方法技巧+典例
典例
1. Three -fifths of the teachers in our school are ______ .
A. man teachers B. men teachers C. woman teachers D. women teacher
2. There are many _______ teachers in this primary school.
A. woman B. woman’s C. women D. women’s
3. The subway station is about _____ walk from my home .
A. 10 minute B. 10-minutes C. 10 minutes D. 10 minutes’
我们学校五分之三的老师是男老师。一般情况下，名词复数只加在中心词后面，但man,woman在作复数名词的定语时，要跟中心词一起变为复数。
B
在这所小学里有许多女老师。man 和woman 在复数名词前作定语时，随后面的复数名词一起变为复数。故选C。
C
复合名词作定语，其结构为“数词+连字符+名词单数”，也可以用“数词+名词所有格”形式
D
跟踪训练
1. I don’t know how to make a speech in public . Can you give me some _____
A. water B. money C. food D. advice
2. -Can I help you , Madam ？
-Yes. ______ , please.
A. Two pair of socks B. Two pairs of socks
C. Two pairs of sock D. Two pair of socks
3. -In China , we use red paper for hongbao because red means good luck.
-That’s interseting ! I want to know all the Chinese ______ .
A. traditions B. sentences C. notices D. problems .
4 . About 200______went to see the Asian Fashion Show last night .
A. German B. Australian C.Chinese D. American
5. How much _____do we need to make a banana milk shake
A. bananas B. apples C . coffee D. milk
6. The article gives students some ______ about how to stay safe online .
A. suggestions B. activites C. decisions D. advantages
D
A.
B
A
C
D
跟踪训练
7. -Keep quiet ! I need complete ______ when I’m working .
-Sorry , Dad . I won’t make any noise again .
A. trust B. silence C. control D. strength
8. During the epidemic (疫情），many _____ in our city went to Hubei Province as volunteers.
A. woman doctor B. woman doctors
C. women doctors C. women doctor
9. -I don’t know how to use the app Fun Dubbing .
-Ask Kitty for help . She has lots of _____ in doing it .
A. expression B. expreiment C. examination D. experience
10. You can see the _____ in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.
A. doubt B. pride C. regret D. ability
11. -How did you put together the model plane so perfectly
-It’s easy . I just followed the ______ .
A. instructions B. instruments C. interviews D. inventions
B
C
D
B
A
真题在线
1.（2021.天津）-What would you like for breakfast
-I’d like ______ .
A. tomato noodle B. tomato noodles
C. tomatoes noodles D. tomatoes noodels
2. (2021.云南） Many foreigners came to our school last week , including three ______ and four ______ .
A. German ; American B. Germans ; American
C. Germans ; Americans D. German ; Americans
3. (2011.甘肃）Mrs. Green is a doctor. She is a friend of _____ .
A.Mary’s mother’s B Mary’s mother’s of
C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary
4. (2021.四川）Nobody thoought it is easy to finish so much work in _______ .
A. two days’ time B. two-days time
C. two day’s time C. two days time
5. (2021.青海）Mary, put on the ______ to keep your hands warm .
A. gloves B. glasses C. socks D. jeans
B
C
A
A
A
Summary
真题在线
7. (2021.黑龙江）The landing of China’s rover (登陆车）Zhurong on Mars shows China has made great ____ in space exploration .
A. progress B. project C. product D. protection
8. (2021.新疆）We used to buy things in the ______ , but now we usually do it online .
A. shop B. museum C. bank D. library
9. (2021.江苏） -Have you decided what to write sbout Gulliver in Lilliput in the report
-I’m not sure . Maybe I need to read some ______ about it before writing
A. reasons B. rewards C. results D. reviews
10. (2021.四川）-What’s your favorite ______, John
-History . It is very interesting .
A. food B. vegetable C.animal D. subject
A
A
D
D
Homework
真题在线
11. (2021.贵州）-How do you improve your English _____
-I often talk with the person whose mother language is English .
A. population B. transportatioin C. pronunication D. suggestion
12. (2020.贵州） On February 25 , President Xi Jinping announced that China has made a “complete ____” in its fight against proverty (贫困）.
A. victory B. progress C. difference D. improvement
13. (2020.浙江温州）-I’m sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away .
-So am I . We lost a hero . His ______ on hybrid (杂交）rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating .
A. survey B. reports C. researches D. achievements
14. (2020.山东滨州） -What is the _____ of your beautifull English handwriting
-Practice makes perfect !
A. secret B. influence C. choice D. purpose
15. (2020.重庆A卷） -Susan , would you like something to eat
-Yes, ______ please.
A. some milk B. some tea
C. some coffee D. some bread
C
A
D
A
C
D
模拟测试
1. Lucy’s father works in No. 1 Hospital . He is a _______ .
A. teacher B. doctor C. postman D. policeman .
2. -Please throw the rubbish in the bins next time .
-Oh, I usually do that . I was just in a _____ .
A. hurry B. risk C. line
3. -Mum , must I be a teacher like you whe I grow up
-No, you needn’t . You can make your own _____ .
A. difference B . discussion C . discovery D. decison .
4. Would you send me some _______ of yours I miss you very much !
A. magazines B. photos C. money D. advice
5. I don’t know how to make a speech in public . Can you give me some _____
A. water B. money C. food D. advice
6. I don’t care how many words there are in your article , but the _____ of it really matters .
A. ability B. size C. quality D. energy
B
A
D
B
D
C
模拟测试
7. -A boy is flying a kite over there . Who is he
-He is ________ brother .
A. Lucy’s and Lily’s B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily
8. “Tara , what’s your favorite _______ ”
“Orange . half of my dresses are orange .
A. fruit B. drink C. color
9. -To keep our city clean and beautiful , the _____ are always very busy in the street .
-They should be respected by all the people .
A. drivers B. postmen C. firemen D. cleaners .
10. -It’s said that the two ______ doctors have just come back from Wuhan .
-Yeah , I know them . They are both already in their ______ .
A. woman ; sixty B. women ; sixtieth
C. women ; sixties D. woman ; sixties .
B
C
D
C
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