人教版（2019）必修第二册：Unit 4 History and traditions Discovering Useful Structures 单元小练（含答案）
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Unit 4 Section ⅢDiscovering Useful Structures期末复习通关练
一、单句语法填空
1.The trees ____________ (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
2.When I returned there,I found my bag ____________ (go).
3.Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car ____________(wash).
4.When we finally reached the service desk,we heard it ____________(announce) that there were no more tickets left.
5.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____________(follow) them.
二、完成句子
1.他被指控犯有网络盗窃罪。
He was ____________Internet theft.
2.总而言之,这是一个解决常见问题的巧妙方法。
In a word,this is a clever ____________a common problem.
3.政府在昨天向媒体宣布了创造一百万个新工作岗位的计划。
The government yesterday ____________the media plans to create a million new jobs.
4.他为我们花钱,真是大方。
It was ________________________to pay for us.
5.起初他们给了我一些帮助,但帮助不大。
They gave me some help in the beginning but it did not ________________________.
三、七选五阅读理解
The hit movie Notting Hill begins with a famous scene.Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and pours orange juice all over her.After the bump,Grant repeatedly says,“I am so sorry.I am so sorry.”
1 If Roberts’ character were from Britain,then she would probably apologise repeatedly as well—even if the bump were not her fault.But this doesn’t happen in the film,as Roberts is from the US.
A report in The Telegraph last week said that three-quarters of British people apologise when they bump into someone in the street—regardless of whether they are responsible or not.In fact,we Britons use “sorry” in many situations.For example,if we mishear someone,we say “Sorry ” The person we are talking to will also apologise by replying:“No,I am sorry!” 2
Life is never as simple as “duibuqi” and “meiguanxi”.
3 Traditionally,“sorry” was used to express deep regret,but a survey in 2017 showed that we use it to mean anything from “what” to “whatever”.
4 Mark Tyrell,a psychology writer in the UK,thinks our apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system.We say sorry because historically the new middle classes in Britain had to apologise for not being the working class,but also for really being the upper class.
5 For example,if you bump into someone,they might get angry.To avoid this,we instantly say “Sorry!”.True manners are about being considerate and the modern day hobby with apologising shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were.The word has lost some of its meaning.Do you see my point Sorry,it might just be a British thing.
A.Why are Britons so sorry
B.British people are sincere while saying sorry.
C.How we use “sorry” has changed.
D.Saying sorry when necessary is a good manner.
E.This can go on for up to five minutes as we compete over who is the most sorry.
F.Another theory is that we apologise to avoid confrontation (冲突).
G.His actions in this scene are very British.
四、完形填空
Did you know the distance at which two people stand when having a conversation 1 ,it varies from culture to culture.In some countries,people may stand 2 together,often moving their faces even closer as the conversation 3 .Studies have shown that most Americans feel 4 if they stand too close to others when talking;they feel most comfortable at a 5 of about 50 centimetres.In still other countries,people 6 to have even more space than 50 centimetres between them when having a conversation.
Another social custom you will 7 is that Americans,like many other people,often express themselves with their 8 when talking.They may show 9 feelings by touching another person on the shoulder during a conversation,or they may 10 a child’s head to show their affection for the child.According to the 11 of some people from other countries,these expressions may be 12 ,especially if they are made with the left hand.Many Americans are left-handed;there is no special importance given to either the left or right hand in the United States;neither one shows a lack of 13 .In all such matters,however,if the use of the hands in social 14 makes you feel uncomfortable,a slight hesitation on your part will usually be 15 by your American friends to show your feelings.
1.A.Similarly B.Luckily C.Naturally D.Obviously
2.A.far B.close C.straight D.around
3.A.progresses B.ends C.stops D.begins
4.A.comfortable B.satisfied C.uncomfortable D.unfair
5.A.length B.distance C.location D.gap
6.A.prefer B.decide C.refuse D.choose
7.A.see B.watch C.notice D.find
8.A.faces B.heads C.shoulders D.hands
9.A.embarrassed B.friendly C.natural D.pleased
10.A.pat B.beat C.hit D.press
11.A.habits B.traditions C.cultures D.customs
12.A.unnatural B.unwelcome C.unimportant D.unusual
13.A.concern B.confidence C.respect D.courage
14.A.situations B.habits C.clubs D.customs
15.A.refused B.ignored C.understood D.invited
五、阅读理解
Smile! It makes everyone in the room feel better because they, consciously or unconsciously, are smiling with you. Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry (模仿)allows us to experience other people's feelings. If we can't mirror another person's face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions. A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
In their paper, Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood, social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin, describe how people in social situations copy others' facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves. For example, if you're with a friend who looks sad, you might "try on" that sad face yourself without realizing you're doing so. In "trying on" your friend's expression, it helps you to recognize what they're feeling by connecting it with times in the past when you made that expression. Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds.
"You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you produce some sort of recognition judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate action—you approach the person or you avoid the person," Niedenthal says. "Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your understanding of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means."
A person's ability to recognize and "share" others' emotions can be prevented when they can't mimic faces. This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases, like facial paralysis(瘫痪) from a stroke, or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery. Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from birth, because if you've never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed another ways of interpreting emotions. Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition. A better understanding of that part, she says, will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders.
1. According to the passage, facial mimicry helps _________
A. convey one's own feelings clearly
B. change others' emotions quickly
C. respond to others' expressions properly
D. develop friendship with others easily
2. Which parts explain how people copy others' facial expressions
A. Paragraph 1 and 2. B. Paragraph 2 and 3.
C. Paragraph 3 and 4. D. Paragraph 4 and 5.
3. According to Niedenthal, what will be the next focus of the study
A. When is the best time to treat brain disorders.
B. How many kinds of facial expressions people have.
C. How our brain helps us with emotional mirroring.
D. What part in the brain helps recognize facial expressions.
4. What is the purpose of writing the passage
A. To discuss why people like smiling to others.
B. To draw people's attention to those with motor diseases.
C. To introduce a new trend in facial expression recognition .
D. To explain how people mirror others' facial expressions
六、语篇填空
I come from London in England,which is 1. ____________ very big city.Over 8 million people live in London,and it’s always busy with 2. ____________ (tourist) from other places too.So moving to a little town with only 15,000 people is a big change for me!I am living in a little countryside town in Germany at the moment.I thought I would always enjoy 3. ____________ (live) in a city,but it turns out there are many good things about the countryside.
In the countryside,the towns are much 4. ____________ (small) and so everyone knows each other.That’s nice because people are very 5. ____________ (friend)!At home in London,I don’t even know my neighbours!
Another nice thing about the countryside is that it is very green and there 6.____________(be) lots of fresh air.I like nature,and I’d like 7. ____________ (see) how the seasons change the trees.
When I walk through the little town here,it is often still and quiet,and there’s a feeling of peace 8.____________ doesn’t exist(存在) in London.In London there are always people around,even in the middle of the night.
Up to now I 9.____________(be) here for over 6 months,and I have got used 10.____________ the peaceful life here.
参考答案
一、单句语法填空
1.blown 2.gone 3.washed 4.announced 5.following
二、完成句子
1.charged with
2.approach to
3.announced to
4.generous of him
5.amount to much
三、七选五阅读理解
1~5 GECAF
四、完形填空
1.D文化不同,人们站着谈话时保持的距离也显然不一样。故选D项。
2.B根据后面的their faces even closer as可知选B项。
3.A根据上下文,可知随着谈话的进行,人们会把他们的脸再靠近一点。
4.C根据下文的too close to可知“美国人因靠得太近而感觉不舒服”。故选C项。
5.B固定搭配at a distance of“有……距离”。文中表示距离,故选B项。
6.A根据上文,可知美国人在交谈时喜欢保持一定的距离,“still”和“even more space”表明“更喜欢”,用prefer。故选A项。
7.C A、B、C和D项都有“看”的意思,根据句意,此处表示“注意到……”。故选C项。
8.D根据下文,可知美国人在谈话时,喜欢用手表达自己。故选D项。
9.B根据下文的“...to show their affection for the child.”可知是“show friendly feelings”。故选B项。
10.A根据上下文语境可知,此处表示轻拍孩子的头表示对孩子的喜爱。故选A项。
11.Dhabit指个人自然养成的习惯;tradition指传统或惯例;culture指文化;custom指的是一个国家、族群或团体的社会风俗习惯。此处指的是一个国家的风俗习惯。故选D项。
12.B根据下文“if the use...makes you feel uncomfortable”可知选B项。
13.C根据上下文可知,在美国用左手和右手都没有表示缺乏尊重的意思。故选C项。
14.A根据句意,应该是在社交场合。故选A项。
15C根据句意,“如果在社交场合,手的动作让你感到不舒服,你稍做犹豫通常会被你的美国朋友所理解”。故选C项。
语法填空
1.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句“If we can't mirror another person's face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions.(如果我们不能模仿另一个人的脸，这就限制了我们阅读和合理反应他们表情的能力)”可推知，面部模仿有助于对别人的面部表情作出合理反应。故选C项。
2.段落大意题。第二段第一句提到“威斯康辛大学的社会心理学家Paula Niedenthal和Adrienne Wood在他们的论文中描述了人们在社交场合是如何通过模仿别人的面部表情来产生情绪反应的”，接着举例说明，第三段内容Niedenthal 进一步解释“你会反思自己的情感感受，然后做出某种认可判断，而最重要的结果是你采取了适当的行动——接近那个人或者避开那个人”，所以文章第2段和第3段解释了人们是如何模仿别人的面部表情的。故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition.( Niedenthal接下来想要探索的是，大脑中哪些部分的功能有助于面部表情识别)”可知，下一步研究的重点是大脑中哪些部分帮助识别面部表情。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第一段第二句“Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry (模仿)allows us to experience other people's feelings.(越来越多的证据显示，面部模仿的本能使我们让我们同情甚至是体验别人的感受)”可知，文章主要解释了人们是如何进行面部模仿的，所以目的是解释面部模仿。故选D项
语篇填空
1.a 2.tourists 3.living 4.smaller 5.friendly 6.is 7.to see 8.that/which 9.have been 10.to
一、单句语法填空
1.The trees ____________ (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
2.When I returned there,I found my bag ____________ (go).
3.Before driving into the city,you are required to get your car ____________(wash).
4.When we finally reached the service desk,we heard it ____________(announce) that there were no more tickets left.
5.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____________(follow) them.
二、完成句子
1.他被指控犯有网络盗窃罪。
He was ____________Internet theft.
2.总而言之,这是一个解决常见问题的巧妙方法。
In a word,this is a clever ____________a common problem.
3.政府在昨天向媒体宣布了创造一百万个新工作岗位的计划。
The government yesterday ____________the media plans to create a million new jobs.
4.他为我们花钱,真是大方。
It was ________________________to pay for us.
5.起初他们给了我一些帮助,但帮助不大。
They gave me some help in the beginning but it did not ________________________.
三、七选五阅读理解
The hit movie Notting Hill begins with a famous scene.Hugh Grant bumps into Julia Roberts and pours orange juice all over her.After the bump,Grant repeatedly says,“I am so sorry.I am so sorry.”
1 If Roberts’ character were from Britain,then she would probably apologise repeatedly as well—even if the bump were not her fault.But this doesn’t happen in the film,as Roberts is from the US.
A report in The Telegraph last week said that three-quarters of British people apologise when they bump into someone in the street—regardless of whether they are responsible or not.In fact,we Britons use “sorry” in many situations.For example,if we mishear someone,we say “Sorry ” The person we are talking to will also apologise by replying:“No,I am sorry!” 2
Life is never as simple as “duibuqi” and “meiguanxi”.
3 Traditionally,“sorry” was used to express deep regret,but a survey in 2017 showed that we use it to mean anything from “what” to “whatever”.
4 Mark Tyrell,a psychology writer in the UK,thinks our apologetic tendencies are rooted in the British class system.We say sorry because historically the new middle classes in Britain had to apologise for not being the working class,but also for really being the upper class.
5 For example,if you bump into someone,they might get angry.To avoid this,we instantly say “Sorry!”.True manners are about being considerate and the modern day hobby with apologising shows that we are perhaps not as thoughtful as we once were.The word has lost some of its meaning.Do you see my point Sorry,it might just be a British thing.
A.Why are Britons so sorry
B.British people are sincere while saying sorry.
C.How we use “sorry” has changed.
D.Saying sorry when necessary is a good manner.
E.This can go on for up to five minutes as we compete over who is the most sorry.
F.Another theory is that we apologise to avoid confrontation (冲突).
G.His actions in this scene are very British.
四、完形填空
Did you know the distance at which two people stand when having a conversation 1 ,it varies from culture to culture.In some countries,people may stand 2 together,often moving their faces even closer as the conversation 3 .Studies have shown that most Americans feel 4 if they stand too close to others when talking;they feel most comfortable at a 5 of about 50 centimetres.In still other countries,people 6 to have even more space than 50 centimetres between them when having a conversation.
Another social custom you will 7 is that Americans,like many other people,often express themselves with their 8 when talking.They may show 9 feelings by touching another person on the shoulder during a conversation,or they may 10 a child’s head to show their affection for the child.According to the 11 of some people from other countries,these expressions may be 12 ,especially if they are made with the left hand.Many Americans are left-handed;there is no special importance given to either the left or right hand in the United States;neither one shows a lack of 13 .In all such matters,however,if the use of the hands in social 14 makes you feel uncomfortable,a slight hesitation on your part will usually be 15 by your American friends to show your feelings.
1.A.Similarly B.Luckily C.Naturally D.Obviously
2.A.far B.close C.straight D.around
3.A.progresses B.ends C.stops D.begins
4.A.comfortable B.satisfied C.uncomfortable D.unfair
5.A.length B.distance C.location D.gap
6.A.prefer B.decide C.refuse D.choose
7.A.see B.watch C.notice D.find
8.A.faces B.heads C.shoulders D.hands
9.A.embarrassed B.friendly C.natural D.pleased
10.A.pat B.beat C.hit D.press
11.A.habits B.traditions C.cultures D.customs
12.A.unnatural B.unwelcome C.unimportant D.unusual
13.A.concern B.confidence C.respect D.courage
14.A.situations B.habits C.clubs D.customs
15.A.refused B.ignored C.understood D.invited
五、阅读理解
Smile! It makes everyone in the room feel better because they, consciously or unconsciously, are smiling with you. Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry (模仿)allows us to experience other people's feelings. If we can't mirror another person's face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions. A review of this emotional mirroring appears on February 11 in Trends in Cognitive Sciences.
In their paper, Paula Niedenthal and Adrienne Wood, social psychologists at the University of Wisconsin, describe how people in social situations copy others' facial expressions to create emotional responses in themselves. For example, if you're with a friend who looks sad, you might "try on" that sad face yourself without realizing you're doing so. In "trying on" your friend's expression, it helps you to recognize what they're feeling by connecting it with times in the past when you made that expression. Humans get this emotional meaning from facial expressions in a matter of only a few hundred milliseconds.
"You reflect on your emotional feelings and then you produce some sort of recognition judgment, and the most important thing that results in is that you take the appropriate action—you approach the person or you avoid the person," Niedenthal says. "Your own emotional reaction to the face changes your understanding of how you see the face in such a way that provides you with more information about what it means."
A person's ability to recognize and "share" others' emotions can be prevented when they can't mimic faces. This is a common complaint for people with motor diseases, like facial paralysis(瘫痪) from a stroke, or even due to nerve damage from plastic surgery. Niedenthal notes that the same would not be true for people who suffer from birth, because if you've never had the ability to mimic facial expressions, you will have developed another ways of interpreting emotions. Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition. A better understanding of that part, she says, will give us a better idea of how to treat related disorders.
1. According to the passage, facial mimicry helps _________
A. convey one's own feelings clearly
B. change others' emotions quickly
C. respond to others' expressions properly
D. develop friendship with others easily
2. Which parts explain how people copy others' facial expressions
A. Paragraph 1 and 2. B. Paragraph 2 and 3.
C. Paragraph 3 and 4. D. Paragraph 4 and 5.
3. According to Niedenthal, what will be the next focus of the study
A. When is the best time to treat brain disorders.
B. How many kinds of facial expressions people have.
C. How our brain helps us with emotional mirroring.
D. What part in the brain helps recognize facial expressions.
4. What is the purpose of writing the passage
A. To discuss why people like smiling to others.
B. To draw people's attention to those with motor diseases.
C. To introduce a new trend in facial expression recognition .
D. To explain how people mirror others' facial expressions
六、语篇填空
I come from London in England,which is 1. ____________ very big city.Over 8 million people live in London,and it’s always busy with 2. ____________ (tourist) from other places too.So moving to a little town with only 15,000 people is a big change for me!I am living in a little countryside town in Germany at the moment.I thought I would always enjoy 3. ____________ (live) in a city,but it turns out there are many good things about the countryside.
In the countryside,the towns are much 4. ____________ (small) and so everyone knows each other.That’s nice because people are very 5. ____________ (friend)!At home in London,I don’t even know my neighbours!
Another nice thing about the countryside is that it is very green and there 6.____________(be) lots of fresh air.I like nature,and I’d like 7. ____________ (see) how the seasons change the trees.
When I walk through the little town here,it is often still and quiet,and there’s a feeling of peace 8.____________ doesn’t exist(存在) in London.In London there are always people around,even in the middle of the night.
Up to now I 9.____________(be) here for over 6 months,and I have got used 10.____________ the peaceful life here.
参考答案
一、单句语法填空
1.blown 2.gone 3.washed 4.announced 5.following
二、完成句子
1.charged with
2.approach to
3.announced to
4.generous of him
5.amount to much
三、七选五阅读理解
1~5 GECAF
四、完形填空
1.D文化不同,人们站着谈话时保持的距离也显然不一样。故选D项。
2.B根据后面的their faces even closer as可知选B项。
3.A根据上下文,可知随着谈话的进行,人们会把他们的脸再靠近一点。
4.C根据下文的too close to可知“美国人因靠得太近而感觉不舒服”。故选C项。
5.B固定搭配at a distance of“有……距离”。文中表示距离,故选B项。
6.A根据上文,可知美国人在交谈时喜欢保持一定的距离,“still”和“even more space”表明“更喜欢”,用prefer。故选A项。
7.C A、B、C和D项都有“看”的意思,根据句意,此处表示“注意到……”。故选C项。
8.D根据下文,可知美国人在谈话时,喜欢用手表达自己。故选D项。
9.B根据下文的“...to show their affection for the child.”可知是“show friendly feelings”。故选B项。
10.A根据上下文语境可知,此处表示轻拍孩子的头表示对孩子的喜爱。故选A项。
11.Dhabit指个人自然养成的习惯;tradition指传统或惯例;culture指文化;custom指的是一个国家、族群或团体的社会风俗习惯。此处指的是一个国家的风俗习惯。故选D项。
12.B根据下文“if the use...makes you feel uncomfortable”可知选B项。
13.C根据上下文可知,在美国用左手和右手都没有表示缺乏尊重的意思。故选C项。
14.A根据句意,应该是在社交场合。故选A项。
15C根据句意,“如果在社交场合,手的动作让你感到不舒服,你稍做犹豫通常会被你的美国朋友所理解”。故选C项。
语法填空
1.推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句“If we can't mirror another person's face, it limits our ability to read and properly react to their expressions.(如果我们不能模仿另一个人的脸，这就限制了我们阅读和合理反应他们表情的能力)”可推知，面部模仿有助于对别人的面部表情作出合理反应。故选C项。
2.段落大意题。第二段第一句提到“威斯康辛大学的社会心理学家Paula Niedenthal和Adrienne Wood在他们的论文中描述了人们在社交场合是如何通过模仿别人的面部表情来产生情绪反应的”，接着举例说明，第三段内容Niedenthal 进一步解释“你会反思自己的情感感受，然后做出某种认可判断，而最重要的结果是你采取了适当的行动——接近那个人或者避开那个人”，所以文章第2段和第3段解释了人们是如何模仿别人的面部表情的。故选B项。
3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Niedenthal next wants to explore what part in the brain is functioning to help with facial expression recognition.( Niedenthal接下来想要探索的是，大脑中哪些部分的功能有助于面部表情识别)”可知，下一步研究的重点是大脑中哪些部分帮助识别面部表情。故选D项。
4.推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第一段第二句“Growing evidence shows that an instinct for facial mimicry (模仿)allows us to experience other people's feelings.(越来越多的证据显示，面部模仿的本能使我们让我们同情甚至是体验别人的感受)”可知，文章主要解释了人们是如何进行面部模仿的，所以目的是解释面部模仿。故选D项
语篇填空
1.a 2.tourists 3.living 4.smaller 5.friendly 6.is 7.to see 8.that/which 9.have been 10.to