2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词性从句专题练习（含答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2022届高考英语二轮复习：名词性从句专题练习（含答案） |  | |
| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 66.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-01-09 08:25:20 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
高三英语一轮复习练习（名词性从句专题练习）
A. Choose the best answer .
1. It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose B. what C. which D. that
2. It even leaves the scientists in wonder ________ they should call the newly-born creature, which looks half-human and half-animal.
A. that B. why C. what D. how
3. Many skilled workers were organized to clear away _______ remained in the World Expo site.
A. what B. when C. which D. where
4. Consumers are getting more sensible and buy only _______ they need in spite of all the advertisements they see.
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
5. Chinese medical experts have warned ________ antibiotics(抗生素) have been “heavily overused” at hospitals, which might cause serious side-effects.
A. what B. whether C. that D. why
6.The manager seems never to be satisfied with ______ the company has achieved.
A. what B. which C. that D. how
7. The manager will put ______ he thinks has a strong sense of duty in the leadership position.
A. anyone B. whoever C. whomever D. who
8. Deep in the Atlantic Ocean, explorers have found may be the most valuable sunken treasure in history.
A. where B. what C. that D. which
9. Recently, the Chinese government gave some examples of _______ Dalai Lama’s visiting
foreign countries had affected China.
A. that B. what C. how D. whether
10. How we express our ideas sometimes means more than ________ we mean to say.
A. what B. which C. that D. why
11. They wonder ________ someone who wants to be a telecom engineer should study subjects such as history, literature, philosophy, etc.
A. what B. that C. how D. why
12. Best-selling author and race car driver Han Han offered a 20 million RMB reward to ________ could prove his works were ghostwritten (代笔).
A. no matter who B. who C. whoever D. whomever
keys： 1-5 BCABC 6-10 ABBCA 11-12 DC
B. After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
My Stay in New York
After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (13)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (14) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believed that (15) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.
Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (16) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (17) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (18) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.
Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (19) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (20) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
(B)
The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop
Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.
Peter Fox, who is (21)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (22)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.
Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (23)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.
He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (24)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term ‘automatic shop’ is far (25)______ (appropriate)”
In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (26)______ (force )village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (27)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.
Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (28)______those villages without a local shop.
Keys: 13. where 14. To earn 15. as soon as / as long as 16. exhausted 17. if
18. what 19. adapting 20. did 21. an 22. is equipped 23. which
24. myself 25. more appropriate 26. has forced 27. urging 28. to
【巩固练习】
A. Choose the best answer 1.
1. Linda, make sure the tables _________before the guests arrive.
A. will be set B. set C. are set D. shouldn’t
2. The firefighter was injured in putting out a big fire, so we should be prepared to do_________ takes to save his life.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whomever
3.Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from__________ their parents speak at home.
A. one B. that C. which D. what
4. They didn't discover until they happened to enter the back room ________ someone had stolen the priceless painting.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
5. She swept the soil away and found herself standing on _________ seemed a pavement.
A. what B. which C. who D. that
6.In the third and fourth columns of your monthly budget, list ________ you expect to spend your money on and the amount.
A. what B. how much C. how D. which
7. A reward of 50 thousand yuan will be offered by the local police to ________ can provide any clues leading to the arrest of the bank robbers.
A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. whom
8.Don’t you think citizens are increasingly concerned about ________ next season
A. will the estate prices keep rising
B. if the estate prices will keep rising
C. whether the estate prices will keep rising
D. how much will the estate prices keep rising
9. As we all know, the start of a new year is the perfect time to think about________ you want to accomplish.
A. that B. which C. What D. how
10. -- It's reported that a new underground line has been completed.
--Yes, but it hasn't been made clear ________ it's to be open to traffic.
A. that B. when C. what D. who
11. AlthoughChina'spopulationissteadilyincreasing, it's hard toknowexactty________ thepopulationisat a certain time for statistics experts.
A. what B. how many C. how much D. which
12. A good volunteer should not only display his or her own good image but also see to it ________the visitor gets the exact information he needs.
A. that B. which C. how D. where
13. A US office worker has invented _________ will likely go down as the most useful workplace gadget(小玩意)--a device that lets you know when your nearest WC is free.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
14. They must realize that ________they want to finish this report will be doing it under a lot of pressure.
A. who B. whoever C. no matter who D. whom
keys：1-5 CCDAA 6-10 AACCB 11-14 AAAB
B. For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“What are you going to be when you grow up ” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs.
The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from 1 data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.
Processing Geographic Data
A geographer’s main activity is analyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors 2 and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath the Earth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think 3 , high-level computer skills, and a college education.
Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n) 4 evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are 5 to the success of a community.
Advising Businesses and Government
About half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and 6 their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports on such elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and 7 points about a location being considered.
In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The 8 was Cancún, today one of the world’s most desirable vacation sites.
Businesses connected with natural 9 such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located.
In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico’s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly 10 . Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.
Physical and Human Geography
Physical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth 11 . Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require 12 scientific training.
Some geographers study economic, political, and 13 issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work 14 with political scientists, economists, and sociologists.
Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of 15 , from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located ” and “Why are they there ”
1. A. performing B. analyzing C. appreciating D. downloading
2. A. map B. mine C. shape D. honor
3. A. creatively B. critically C. wildly D. moderately
4. A. disaster B. radioactivity C. excursion D. vacation
5. A. qualified B. determined C. valuable D. feasible
6. A. survive B. expand C. manage D. boom
7. A. negative B. effective C. depressive D. profitable
8. A. scenery B. destination C. result D. foundation
9. A. potentials B. histories C. resources D. sciences
10. A. specialized B. polluted C. governed D. transformed
11. A. proceeds B. stretches C. extends D. changes
12. A. peculiar B. special C. reasonable D. enthusiastic
13. A. psychological B. contemporary C. religious D. social
14. A. closely B. peacefully C. loyally D. sensitively
15. A. demonstration B. revolution C. examination D. education
keys: 1-5 BABAC 6-10 BACCD 11-15 DBDAD
C. Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The Dangers of Dieting
Thanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number of overweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad(时尚) diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don’t fad diets usually do the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health.
Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their starting weight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise use of fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.
Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They advise eating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person’s body doesn’t get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.
One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates（碳水化合物）. A scientific study from Britain found that this diet is very high in fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss.
Veteran(老兵) dieters may well ask at this point, “What is the ideal diet ” Well, to some extent, it depends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber, with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best undertaken with a doctor’s supervision.
1. After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people
A. They have kidney failure. B. They gain the weight back again.
C. They keep the weight off. D. They have less muscle.
2. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in paragraph 3
A. Bored people turn to fad diets, which, being too extreme, don’t give the body everything it needs.
B. People are bored with fad diets and turn to diets which provide what the body needs.
C. People prefer fad dieting to moderate dieting because it requires fewer foods to give the body what it needs.
D. Fad diets give boring people the moderate dietary changes they need to get all the required vitamins.
3. Which is not mentioned as an effect of the meat and animal product diet
A. Heart disease. B. Slower weight loss.
C. Psychological changes. D. Kidney failure.
4. According to the passage, why does the ideal diet depend on the individual
A. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up.
B. Everyone can gain the weight back.
C. Everyone has a different psychology.
D. Everyone likes different foods.
(B)
Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald’s in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald’s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.
Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald’s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). Mr. Cantalupo was a McDonald’s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive’s address, from the firm’s first non-American leader.
Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the firm’s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.
Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent Maybe. McDonald’s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.
The new team’s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to face political hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald’s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.
5. The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______.
A. the constant change of its share price B. the board’s failure to reach an agreement
C. the falling sales D. the physical problems of the chief executives
6. The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means someone who _______.
A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a person
B. has the same right to receive the family title
C. is appointed as an executive of a company
D. is likely to take over a person’s position when that person leaves
7. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald
A. The change of the chief executive. B. People’s concern about junk food.
C. Dirty restaurant. D. Indifferent service.
8. In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______.
A. has had to made rather hasty decisions B. prefers to appoint a new boss from within
C. acts in a quick and unreasonable way D. surprises all the people with its decisions
keys:1-4 BACC 5-8 DDAB
D. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1、让我最感迷惑的是他如何能徒步走这么远。 (What )
2、地铁运行是否正常对城市交通有很大的影响。(Whether)
3、使我担心的是，这孩子除了电脑，似乎对什么都不感兴趣。（What）
4、正是在英特网上他找到了他所需要的东西。（what ）
5、自上海长江遂桥通车以来，崇明岛发生了巨变，已今非昔比了。(what)
6、没有人能否认自古以来台湾是中国领土这个事实。（that）
Keys:
1. What puzzles me most is how he could cover such a long distance on foot.
2. Whether the subway runs/is running properly has a great impact/effect on the traffic of the city.
3. What makes me worried is that the child seems to be interested in nothing except computers.
4. It was on the Internet that he found what he needed.
5. Great changes have taken place in Chong ming/ Chong ming has experienced great changes since the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge was opened to traffic, and Chong ming is no longer what it used to be.
6. No one can deny the fact that Taiwan has been China’s territory since ancient times.
A. Choose the best answer .
1. It is not always easy for the public to see _______ use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose B. what C. which D. that
2. It even leaves the scientists in wonder ________ they should call the newly-born creature, which looks half-human and half-animal.
A. that B. why C. what D. how
3. Many skilled workers were organized to clear away _______ remained in the World Expo site.
A. what B. when C. which D. where
4. Consumers are getting more sensible and buy only _______ they need in spite of all the advertisements they see.
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
5. Chinese medical experts have warned ________ antibiotics(抗生素) have been “heavily overused” at hospitals, which might cause serious side-effects.
A. what B. whether C. that D. why
6.The manager seems never to be satisfied with ______ the company has achieved.
A. what B. which C. that D. how
7. The manager will put ______ he thinks has a strong sense of duty in the leadership position.
A. anyone B. whoever C. whomever D. who
8. Deep in the Atlantic Ocean, explorers have found may be the most valuable sunken treasure in history.
A. where B. what C. that D. which
9. Recently, the Chinese government gave some examples of _______ Dalai Lama’s visiting
foreign countries had affected China.
A. that B. what C. how D. whether
10. How we express our ideas sometimes means more than ________ we mean to say.
A. what B. which C. that D. why
11. They wonder ________ someone who wants to be a telecom engineer should study subjects such as history, literature, philosophy, etc.
A. what B. that C. how D. why
12. Best-selling author and race car driver Han Han offered a 20 million RMB reward to ________ could prove his works were ghostwritten (代笔).
A. no matter who B. who C. whoever D. whomever
keys： 1-5 BCABC 6-10 ABBCA 11-12 DC
B. After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
My Stay in New York
After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (13)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (14) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believed that (15) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.
Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (16) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (17) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (18) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.
Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (19) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (20) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.
(B)
The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop
Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.
Peter Fox, who is (21)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (22)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.
Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (23)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.
He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (24)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term ‘automatic shop’ is far (25)______ (appropriate)”
In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (26)______ (force )village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (27)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.
Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (28)______those villages without a local shop.
Keys: 13. where 14. To earn 15. as soon as / as long as 16. exhausted 17. if
18. what 19. adapting 20. did 21. an 22. is equipped 23. which
24. myself 25. more appropriate 26. has forced 27. urging 28. to
【巩固练习】
A. Choose the best answer 1.
1. Linda, make sure the tables _________before the guests arrive.
A. will be set B. set C. are set D. shouldn’t
2. The firefighter was injured in putting out a big fire, so we should be prepared to do_________ takes to save his life.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whomever
3.Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from__________ their parents speak at home.
A. one B. that C. which D. what
4. They didn't discover until they happened to enter the back room ________ someone had stolen the priceless painting.
A. that B. what C. which D. when
5. She swept the soil away and found herself standing on _________ seemed a pavement.
A. what B. which C. who D. that
6.In the third and fourth columns of your monthly budget, list ________ you expect to spend your money on and the amount.
A. what B. how much C. how D. which
7. A reward of 50 thousand yuan will be offered by the local police to ________ can provide any clues leading to the arrest of the bank robbers.
A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. whom
8.Don’t you think citizens are increasingly concerned about ________ next season
A. will the estate prices keep rising
B. if the estate prices will keep rising
C. whether the estate prices will keep rising
D. how much will the estate prices keep rising
9. As we all know, the start of a new year is the perfect time to think about________ you want to accomplish.
A. that B. which C. What D. how
10. -- It's reported that a new underground line has been completed.
--Yes, but it hasn't been made clear ________ it's to be open to traffic.
A. that B. when C. what D. who
11. AlthoughChina'spopulationissteadilyincreasing, it's hard toknowexactty________ thepopulationisat a certain time for statistics experts.
A. what B. how many C. how much D. which
12. A good volunteer should not only display his or her own good image but also see to it ________the visitor gets the exact information he needs.
A. that B. which C. how D. where
13. A US office worker has invented _________ will likely go down as the most useful workplace gadget(小玩意)--a device that lets you know when your nearest WC is free.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
14. They must realize that ________they want to finish this report will be doing it under a lot of pressure.
A. who B. whoever C. no matter who D. whom
keys：1-5 CCDAA 6-10 AACCB 11-14 AAAB
B. For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“What are you going to be when you grow up ” is a question that you may have been asked. You may not even know there are a variety of geography-related jobs.
The Association of American Geographers lists nearly 150 different geography jobs. So, if you are interested in people, places, and environments, consider a job in geography. Your work will not be limited to maps—it might range from 1 data to planning projects, or making decisions about the environment.
Processing Geographic Data
A geographer’s main activity is analyzing geographic information to answer geographic questions. Jobs processing geographic data begin, of course, with collecting the information. One on-the-ground job in data collection is that of a surveyor. Surveyors 2 and measure the land directly. They may mark boundaries, study the shape of the land, or even help find sewer(下水道) and water systems beneath the Earth. High-tech information-gathering jobs include working with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. Some examples of these jobs include remote sensing specialists and GIS analysts. Data analysis jobs require the ability to think 3 , high-level computer skills, and a college education.
Once data have been processed, a geographer may study the information to use in planning projects such as a new urban area, a(n) 4 evacuation(撤退) plan, or the placement of a new highway. Planners can also help determine how to make a neighborhood a better place to live. These jobs, too, require good critical thinking, writing, and computer skills, as well as a college education. Planners are 5 to the success of a community.
Advising Businesses and Government
About half of jobs using geography are in business and government. All kinds of businesses use geographic information to help build and 6 their operations. A location analyst studies an area to find the best location for a client. The client might be a large retail store chain that wants to know which location would be best for opening a new store. The location analyst can study GIS reports on such elements as transportation networks or population in an area and give the business owners the positive and 7 points about a location being considered.
In 1967, the Mexican government was looking for a location to create a new international tourist resort. They used location analysts to find an area that had good beaches and was easy to reach from the United States. The 8 was Cancún, today one of the world’s most desirable vacation sites.
Businesses connected with natural 9 such as forests also rely on geographers. Geographers help them understand the relationship between their business and the environment where their business is located.
In 1967, Cancún was a small island on Mexico’s Caribbean coast. It had white sand beaches, many birds and mangrove(红树) trees, but few people. After it was selected as a resort site, it was quickly 10 . Today, Cancún has more than 100 hotels and 500,000 permanent residents. Many work in the tourist industry that serves the millions of visitors who come each year from all over the world.
Physical and Human Geography
Physical geographers are sometimes called earth scientists. Some study such topics as geomorphology (地形学), that is, the study of how the shape of the Earth 11 . Others study weather and climate. Still others study water, the oceans, soils, or ecology. Jobs in these fields require 12 scientific training.
Some geographers study economic, political, and 13 issues as they relate to place or region. Human geographers are usually hired by government agencies to analyze a specific problem. These geographers work 14 with political scientists, economists, and sociologists.
Together, they provide possible solutions to problems from many different aspects of life in an area. And, of course, geographers teach the subject at all levels of 15 , from elementary schools to universities. But no matter what geography jobs people might hold, they are always trying to answer the basic geographic questions: “Where are things located ” and “Why are they there ”
1. A. performing B. analyzing C. appreciating D. downloading
2. A. map B. mine C. shape D. honor
3. A. creatively B. critically C. wildly D. moderately
4. A. disaster B. radioactivity C. excursion D. vacation
5. A. qualified B. determined C. valuable D. feasible
6. A. survive B. expand C. manage D. boom
7. A. negative B. effective C. depressive D. profitable
8. A. scenery B. destination C. result D. foundation
9. A. potentials B. histories C. resources D. sciences
10. A. specialized B. polluted C. governed D. transformed
11. A. proceeds B. stretches C. extends D. changes
12. A. peculiar B. special C. reasonable D. enthusiastic
13. A. psychological B. contemporary C. religious D. social
14. A. closely B. peacefully C. loyally D. sensitively
15. A. demonstration B. revolution C. examination D. education
keys: 1-5 BABAC 6-10 BACCD 11-15 DBDAD
C. Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The Dangers of Dieting
Thanks to our modern lifestyle, with more and more time spent sitting down in front of computers than ever before, the number of overweight people is at a new high. As people crazily search for a solution to this problem, they often try some of the popular fad(时尚) diets being offered. Many people see fad diets as harmless ways of losing weight, and they are grateful to have them. Unfortunately, not only don’t fad diets usually do the trick, but they can actually be dangerous for your health.
Although permanent weight loss is the goal, few are able to achieve it. Experts estimate that 95 percent of dieters return to their starting weight, or even add weight. While the irresponsible or unwise use of fad diets can bring some initial results, long-term results are very rare.
Nonetheless, people who are bored with the difficulties of changing their eating habits often turn to fad diets. Rather than being moderate, fad diets involve extreme dietary changes. They advise eating only one type of food, or they prohibit other types of foods entirely. This results in a situation where a person’s body doesn’t get all the vitamins and other things that it needs to stay healthy.
One popular fad diet recommends eating lots of meat and animal products, while nearly eliminating carbohydrates（碳水化合物）. A scientific study from Britain found that this diet is very high in fat. According to the study, the increase of damaging fats in the blood can lead to heart disease and, in extreme cases, kidney failure. Furthermore, diets that are too low in carbohydrates can cause the body to use its own muscle for energy. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up, and the result is slower weight loss.
Veteran(老兵) dieters may well ask at this point, “What is the ideal diet ” Well, to some extent, it depends on the individual. A United States government agency has determined that to change your eating habits requires changing your psychology of eating, and everyone has a different psychology. That being said, the British study quoted above recommends a diet that is high in carbohydrates and high in fiber, with portions of fatty foods kept low. According to the study, such a diet is the best for people who want to stay healthy, lose weight, and keep that weight off. And, any dieting program is best undertaken with a doctor’s supervision.
1. After losing weight by dieting, what usually happens to people
A. They have kidney failure. B. They gain the weight back again.
C. They keep the weight off. D. They have less muscle.
2. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in paragraph 3
A. Bored people turn to fad diets, which, being too extreme, don’t give the body everything it needs.
B. People are bored with fad diets and turn to diets which provide what the body needs.
C. People prefer fad dieting to moderate dieting because it requires fewer foods to give the body what it needs.
D. Fad diets give boring people the moderate dietary changes they need to get all the required vitamins.
3. Which is not mentioned as an effect of the meat and animal product diet
A. Heart disease. B. Slower weight loss.
C. Psychological changes. D. Kidney failure.
4. According to the passage, why does the ideal diet depend on the individual
A. The less muscle you have, the less food you use up.
B. Everyone can gain the weight back.
C. Everyone has a different psychology.
D. Everyone likes different foods.
(B)
Charlie Bell became chief executive of McDonald’s in April. Within a month doctors told him that he had colorectal cancer. After stock market hours on November 22nd, the fast-food firm said he had resigned; it would need a third boss in under a year. Yet when the market opened, its share price barely dipped then edged higher. After all, McDonald’s had, again, shown how to act swiftly and decisively in appointing a new boss.
Mr. Bell himself got the top job when Jim Cantalupo died of a heart attack hours before he was due to address a convention of McDonald’s franchisees(获特许经营联营店者). Mr. Cantalupo was a McDonald’s veteran brought out of retirement in January 2003 to help remodel the firm after sales began falling because of dirty restaurants, indifferent service and growing concern about junk food. He devised a recovery plan, backed by massive marketing, and promoted Mr. Bell to chief operating officer. When Mr. Cantalupo died, a rapidly convened(召集) board confirmed Mr. Bell, a 44-year-old Australian already widely seen as his heir apparent, in the top job. The convention got its promised chief executive’s address, from the firm’s first non-American leader.
Yet within weeks executives had to think about what to do if Mr. Bell became too ill to continue. Perhaps Mr. Bell had the same thing on his mind: he usually introduced Jim Skinner, the 60-year-old vice-chairman, to visitors as the “steady hand at the wheel”. Now Mr. Skinner, an expert on the firm’s overseas operations, becomes chief executive, and Mike Roberts, head of its American operations, joins the board as chief operating officer.
Is Mr. Roberts now the new heir apparent Maybe. McDonald’s has brought in supposedly healthier choices such as salads and toasted sandwiches worldwide and, instead of relying for most of its growth on opening new restaurants, has turned to upgrading its 31,000 existing ones. America has done best at this; under Mr. Roberts, like-for-like sales there were up by 7. 5% in October on a year earlier.
The new team’s task is to keep the revitalization plan on course, especially overseas, where some American brands are said to face political hostility from consumers. This is a big challenge. Is an in-house succession(交替、继承) the best way to tackle it Mr. Skinner and Mr. Roberts are both company veterans, having joined in the 1970s. Some recent academic studies find that the planned succession of a new boss from within, such as Mr. Bell and now (arguably) Mr. Roberts, produces better results than looking hastily, or outside, for one. McDonald’s smooth handling of its serial misfortunes at the top certainly seems to prove the point. Even so, everyone at McDonald’s must be hoping that it will be a long time before the firm faces yet another such emergency.
5. The main reason for the constant change at the top of McDonald is _______.
A. the constant change of its share price B. the board’s failure to reach an agreement
C. the falling sales D. the physical problems of the chief executives
6. The underlined phrase “heir apparent” (in Paragraph 2) in the article most probably means someone who _______.
A. has the same ideas, aims and style with a person
B. has the same right to receive the family title
C. is appointed as an executive of a company
D. is likely to take over a person’s position when that person leaves
7. Which of the following was NOT a cause of the falling sales of McDonald
A. The change of the chief executive. B. People’s concern about junk food.
C. Dirty restaurant. D. Indifferent service.
8. In terms of succession at the top, McDonald_______.
A. has had to made rather hasty decisions B. prefers to appoint a new boss from within
C. acts in a quick and unreasonable way D. surprises all the people with its decisions
keys:1-4 BACC 5-8 DDAB
D. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1、让我最感迷惑的是他如何能徒步走这么远。 (What )
2、地铁运行是否正常对城市交通有很大的影响。(Whether)
3、使我担心的是，这孩子除了电脑，似乎对什么都不感兴趣。（What）
4、正是在英特网上他找到了他所需要的东西。（what ）
5、自上海长江遂桥通车以来，崇明岛发生了巨变，已今非昔比了。(what)
6、没有人能否认自古以来台湾是中国领土这个事实。（that）
Keys:
1. What puzzles me most is how he could cover such a long distance on foot.
2. Whether the subway runs/is running properly has a great impact/effect on the traffic of the city.
3. What makes me worried is that the child seems to be interested in nothing except computers.
4. It was on the Internet that he found what he needed.
5. Great changes have taken place in Chong ming/ Chong ming has experienced great changes since the Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge was opened to traffic, and Chong ming is no longer what it used to be.
6. No one can deny the fact that Taiwan has been China’s territory since ancient times.