Unit 1 Past and PresentGrammar课件2021-2022学年牛津译林版英语八年级下册(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
现在完成时
Present Perfect Tense
Present perfect tense
含义
基本结构
---★动词过去分词的变化规则
句型转换
标志词
特殊考点
含义
过去发生的动作，对现在有影响；
--Do you want to see the film" leap”
--I have already seen the film.
Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food.
(Hobo has no food to eat.)
过去发生的动作延续到现在，并且有可能延续到将来；
I have lived here since I was born.
She has learned English for ten years.
谈论截至目前为止，动作发生的次数。
I have seen the film twice.
She has already read the book many times.
I had a big meal.
I have already had a big meal.
基本结构
主语+ 助动词（have/has)+过去分词（done) …
帮助动词构成时态的词叫做助动词
do/does/did
have/has
现在分词：V-ing（进行时）
一般过去式：V-ed（过去式）
过去分词：done（完成时）
have+done
have+n
过去分词的变化规则
规则变化
---同一般过去式(V-ed)规则一致。
---直去双改
reach-reached-reached finish-finished-finished
change-changed-changed move-moved-moved
stop-stopped-stopped plan-planned-planned
cry-cried-cried carry-carried-carried
不规则变化★
过去分词的变化规则
不规则变化★
AAA型
cut-cut-cut hit-hit-hit cost-cost-cost hurt-hurt-hurt
AAB型
beat-beat-beaten
ABB型
have-had-had catch-caught-caught think-thought-thought
ABA型
come-came-come become-became-become
ABC型
fly-flew-flown go-went-gone be-was/were-been
★朗读培养语感+反复默写巩固+在习题中不断巩固
过去分词的变化规则
不规则变化★
P122-P123 不规则动词表 10个一组，完成打卡
1. borrow _______ 2. hope ______
3. make ______ 4. get _______
5. plan ________ 6. cry ____
7. send _____ 8. watch _______
9. say ______ 10. grow ______
11. hit _____ 12. enjoy _______
Mr. Wu wants the students to practise using the present perfect tense. Help them write the past participles of the verbs below. (P 14)
A
borrowed borrowed
hoped hoped
made made
got got
planned planned
cried cried
sent sent
watched watched
said said
grew grown
hit hit
enjoyed enjoyed
句型转换
have/has + done★
句型的转换依靠助动词（have、has)来完成。
句型 单数人称 复数人称
肯定
否定
一般疑问句
回答
Lily has lived here for 2 years.
Lily has not lived here for 2 years.
Has Lily lived here for 2 years
Yes, she has; No, she hasn’t.
has not=hasn’t
They have lived here for 2 years.
They have not lived here for 2 years.
Have they lived here for 2 years
Yes, they have; No, they haven’t.
have not=haven’t
句型转换
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Lily has lived here for 2 years.
How long has Lily lived here
Lily has lived here since 2 years ago.
How long has Lily lived here
对for/since（表示一段时间）提问，都用How long.
句型转换
主语 + have/has 缩写形式 ★
I have I’ve
you have you’ve
he/she/it/lily has he’s she’s it’s lily’s She’s lived here for 2 years. It’s been a long time. She’s a nice girl.
It’s crying.
we/you/they have we’ve you’ve they’ve
she’s + done: she has
she’s + adj/n/doing: she is
标志词
①already已经 yet还，仍，(已经)
already用于肯定句；yet疑问句、否定句
I have seen the film.
Have you seen the film
I haven’t seen it .
already
yet
yet
--I have finished the report, how about you
--Oh, I haven’t finished it .
yet; already B. already; yet
C. already; already D. yet; yet
标志词
②ever曾经 never从未
Have you seen the film
I have seen it.
ever
never
--Have you travelled by car
--No, I have travelled in a car.
already; never B. ever; yet
C. never; already D. ever; never
This is (interesting) film I have ever seen.
the most interesting
标志词
③just 刚才，刚刚
Eddie has just eaten Hobo’s food.
I have just seen the film Gone with the wind.
Lucy (buy) a purse just now.
bought
just现在完成时标志词，just now一般过去时标志词。
标志词
④before之前，以前
I (meet) her before.
I (meet) her ten days ago.
met
have met
before是现在完成时标志词，ago是一般过去时标志词。
-- you the film before
--Yes, I it just a few days ago.
Have; watched; saw
B. Did; watch; saw
Have; watch; have watched
Did; watch; have watched
标志词
⑤in/over/during the past few years 在过去的一段时间内
I （teach）English in the past ten years.
I （teach）English in the past.
have taught
in the past few years是现在完成时标志词，in the past是一般过去时标志词。
taught
标志词
⑥recently 最近
I (change) my job recently.
have changed
标志词
⑦ so far; up to now; until now; till now.到现在为止
So far, I (live) here for ten years.
have lived
标志词
⑧ since/for 表示一段时间,以及对一段时间提问的how long
I (live) here since I was born.
I (live) here since 1994.
I (live) here since ten years ago.
I (live) here for ten years.
How long (live) here
have lived
have lived
have lived
since后跟的是过去的1.时间点;2.表时间点的从句；3.一段时间+ago，since从句用一般过去时，for后是一段时间。
I have lived here since I have been born.
have you lived
have lived
⑨表示次数 once，twice，three times…以及how many times的提问。
I the book “treasure land” several times.
How many times (see) the movie
标志词
have read
have you seen
1. We have lived here _______ 1990.
3. The boy has had a bad cold ____ last night.
3. I have waited ____ two hours.
4. Sally has been away from London ____ last Saturday.
5. Our school has changed a lot _____ the new building was built.
6. Tommy has had this motorcycle ____ three years.
7. My parents have been married ___20 years.
8. My parents have been married ___ 20 years ago.
since
since
用for和since完成句子
for
since
since
for
for
since
1. They ____________ (finish) their
homework already.
2. John _____ never _______ (visit) China.
3. Mr Li ____________ (repair) over ten
bicycles since Monday.
4. We ____________ (not see) each other
for years.
5. My parents _____________ (not come)
back yet.
6. Our teacher ___________ (teach) us a
lot about the history of China.
have finished
have not come
has taught
have not seen
has repaired
has visited
Mr. Wu asks the students to complete the sentences below using the present perfect tense. Help them complete the sentences. (P 14)
B
M: _____ you _____ (see) any films recently,
Sandy
S: No, I haven’t. What about you
M: I ____ (see) one last Saturday.
S: What’s it about
M: It’s about the changes in Beijing over the
past century. From this film, I
__________ (learn) more about Beijing’s
past and present.
S: Oh, I think I __________ (hear) about the film. Do you plan to see it again
M: Yes, I’d like to.
Have
seen
saw
have learnt
have heard
Millie and Sandy are talking about a film about the history of plete their conversation with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. (P 14)
C
— ____ you ever ____ in a group
— Yes, I have.
A. Did, study B. Are, studying
C. Were, studying D. Have, studied
2. — Lucy, _____ you ____ your ticket
— Not yet.
A. did; find B. have; found
C. has; found D. do; find
3. My grandmother ______ a lot of
changes in Tianjin since she came here.
A. sees B. can see
C. will see D. has seen
I. Multiple choice.
4. My aunt is a writer. She ______ more
than ten books since 1980.
A. writes B. wrote
C. has written D. will write
5. — Look at these stamps. I _______
them for five years.
— Wow, they are wonderful.
A. had B. have had
C. have bought
6. — I’d like to introduce my best friend
to you, Peter.
— Thank you, Lucy. But we ______
already.
A. meet B. met
C. will meet D. have met
7. Since 2000, Jingmen has become a new
city. Everything ______.
A. is changed B. was changed
C. had changed D. has changed
1. I ________ (have) dinner. I am full.
2. We _________ (read) this story already.
3. They ________ (see) the movie before.
4. She __________ (just buy) some nice toys.
5. Hurry up! Lunch _____ already
______ (begin).
6. We ___________ (wash) our clothes.
They’re clean now.
7. _____ he ever _______ (ride) a bike
have had
have read
have seen
has just bought
have washed
II. Fill in the blanks with .
Has
ridden
has
begun
1. I’ve already had dinner. (否)
I ________ _____ dinner _____.
2. He has just finished his homework. (否)
He ______ _______ his homework ___.
3. Mum has cooked the dinner. (否)
Mum _______ _______ the dinner.
4. I have done my homework. (疑)
_____ you done your homework ___
5. I have ridden a horse. (疑)
_____ you _____ ridden a horse
haven’t
had
yet
hasn’t
finished
yet
hasn’t cooked
III. 将下列句子改为否定句或疑问句。
Have
yet
Have
ever
IV. Put the following sentences into English.
1. 你已经制作好生日贺卡了吗？
______ _______ __________ making
the birthday card ______
2. 我已经吃过早饭了，现在一点也不饿。
I _______ _______ ________ breakfast,
and now I am not hungry at all.
3. — 你这周日准备做什么？— 还没决定。
— What are you going to do this Sunday
— I _______ ________ ___.
have already eaten
Have you finished
yet
haven’t decided yet
4. — 你读过《哈利·波特》这本书么？
— 是的，我已经读过好多遍了。
— _____ you _____ the book Harry
Porter
— Yes, I _____ _______ ______ it
several times.
5. 自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。
He _____ _____ here _____ 1978.
Have read
have already read
has lived since
中考小练
1. Miss Brown, we _____ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now (2015广州)
A. finish B. finishing
C. are finished D. have finished
2. --Lily, will you go to Jenny’s birthday party this Saturday
--I’m not sure. Because I _____ so far. (2015泰安)
A. have invited B. wasn’t invited
C. haven’t been invited D. will be invited