(共54张PPT)
Unit 4 The History and Traditions
Period 2
Reading and Thinking
新人教版 高一年级上
新人教版（2019）
Revision
完成句子。
1. Paul ___________(在......方面相似) appearance to his brother.
2. Are you for real,or are you just_____________(和我开玩笑)
3. __________(孔子)is considered the greatest of the ancient Chinese sages.
4. I spent two nights in the _________(公馆).
5. Each_________ (单独的,个别的)leaf on the tree is different.
6. Many of them are ____________ (后裔)of the original settlers.
7. All these questions relate to___________(哲学).
8. Feel your calves tighten and relax as you lower your _____(脚后跟).
9. His remains were interred in the _________(墓地).
is similar in
pulling my leg
Confucius
mansion
individual
descendants
philosophy
heels
cemetery
Lead in
Which is the National flag the UK
Key Words
puzzle
[ p zl] n.&vt.
in a puzzle
defence
[d fens] n.
in defence (of)
legal
[ li ɡl] adj.
legal rights
legal documents
Key Words
location
[l ke n] n.
be located in... 位于......
battle
[ b tl] n.
fight a...battle
win /lose battle
accept the battle
surround
[s ra nd] vt.
surround sth/sb (with sth.)
evidence
[ ev d ns] n.
find evidence
Key Phrases
belong to
break away
join...to
Lead in
What do you think when we talk about Britain How much have you know about some history and culture of the UK Let's learn more about Britain.
Britain is a Western European island country composed of England, Wales and Scotland on the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland in the northeast of the island of Ireland and a series of affiliated islands.The history of England began with the Germans and Celts. In 1922, the Republic of Ireland became independent and Northern Ireland remained in Britain, which is now Northern Ireland. The capital of England is London.
William Shakespeare, English Renaissance(英国文艺复兴时期)
playwright and poet. His representative works include four tragedies
(Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth) and four comedies (A
Midsummer Night's Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night,
As you like it) . On April 23rd, 1616, he died in his hometown.
Shakespeare is the symbol and pride of the British culture. In the UK, you can feel the strong atmosphere of Shakespeare in the British cultural circle anytime and anywhere. Shakespeare, like nutrition, has been integrated into the blood of British culture. He not only become the pride of the British, but also became the symbol of British culture.
April 23, 1564 - April 23, 1616
What do you think when we talk about Britain How much do you know
about the history and culture of Britain Let's learn more about Britain.
Lead in
Lead in
Can you name some most popular icons of the UK
Lead in
Do you know any famous tourist attractions in Britain
tourist attractions
Tower Bridge
Stonehenge
Big Ben
The British Museum
What types of maps do you know
Discussion
resource maps
administrative zoning map
What kinds of maps do you know
Discussion
traffic maps
weather map
topographic map
1 Before you read, discuss the questions in pairs.
Look at the map below. ①What does it show ②What is it used for
Learn about a country through its history
①The map shows the British Isles, the islands which
make up the Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales) and Ireland (Ireland and Northern Ireland ).
②It is used to show the four different countries that make
up the UK and some of the major cities.
Discussion
1. What kind of map does the following map belong to
2.What do the different symbols (e.g. , icons,circles,spots)
and different colors stand for
Discussion
It’s an administrative zoning map
The different colors on the administrative map are mainly used to distinguish different neighboring countries or areas. The little red circle represents the capital, little black dot represents the city, and icons represent tourist attractions.
1 Before you read, Look at the map below.discuss the questions
in pairs.
Read a map
When you look at a map, think first about what the map shows and what the symbols mean.
Let’s Learn
1 What are the four countries of the United Kingdom
Which two were the first to be joined together
2 According to the text, what are two chief advantages of studying the history of a country
The four countries of the United Kingdom are England,Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. England and Wales were the first two to be joined together.
2 Read the text and answer the questions.
The two chief advantages of studying the history of a country are to help understand more
about the country and its traditions and to make visiting it more enjoyable.
Practice
The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain,England, many people are confused by what these different names mean. So
what is the difference between them, if any Getting to know
a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.
WHAT'S IN A NAME
Reading
Reading
tip:Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve the puzzle.
1. What's In a Name
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
2. What is the difference between the United Kingdom,Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Paragraph 1
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: "the United Kingdom"or "the UK". People from the UK are called "British", which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.
WHAT'S IN A NAME
Reading
一、阅读文章第一段和第二段，判断正误。
①Many people are confused by what these different names mean.
②Getting to know a little bit about British history won't be helpful.
③In the 16th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
④in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
⑤In the 20th century, the northern part of Ireland broke away from the uK, which resulted in the full name we have today.
Reading Task
(T)
(F)
(F)
(T)
(F)
Paragraph 2
The United Kingdom is made of 4 countries:
Northern Ireland
If we put these four parts together, finally, we have the full name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
What are the parts of the UK What's their English names
England
Scotland
Wales
Great Britain
Mind Map
Paragraph 2
Mind Map
The nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.
In the 16th century
The country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
In the 18th century
The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
In the 19th century
The southern part of Ireland broke
away from the UK.
In the 20th century
How to country’s name came into being step by step
The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag. known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency
and military defence. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!
WHAT'S IN A NAME
Reading
Discussion
What are the same points and different points between the four countries
same
points
same flag
same currency
military defence
different
points
education systems
legal systems
their own traditions
football teams
The four countries work together
The four countries some differences
Paragraph 3
Reading
The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to
explore, which can help you understand much more about the
country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK,
you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people
who took over at different times throughout history. The first group,
the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.
Reading
They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and
changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the
eighth century, Left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the
names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the
Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle
of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England,and made changes
to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into
the English language.
Paragraph 4
Mind Map
some of their great achievements: building towns and roads
In the 1st century —Romans came.
introduced the beginnings of the English language and changed the way people built houses
In the 5th century —The Anglo-Saxons arrived.
lots of new vocabulary and the name of
many locations
In the 8th century—The Vikings came.
They had castles built all around England made changes to the legal system
French words slowly entered into the English language
In the 11th century—The Normans conquered England.
Changes that four groups of people brought to the United Kingdom.
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history
and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the
country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital
city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city
that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There
are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with
ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.
Reading
Summary
What’s in
a name
Part 1(Paras.1—2):The origin
of the name of the UK.
How was the name the UK formed
Part 2(Paras. 3):The four countries work together in some areas.
Part 3(Paras.4—5):Brief introduction of London.The history and culture of the UK and the influences of groups of people.
Reading Task
二、阅读文章第三段到第五段，判断正误。
① Some of the achievements of the Romans included building towns and roads.
②The Anglo-Saxons changed the way people built houses.
③The Vikings introduced the beginnings of the English language.
④The Normans built castles and made changes to the legal system.
⑤The capital London dated back to Roman times.
⑥When you visit the UK, you can see its fascinating past.
(T)
(F )
(T)
(T)
(F )
(T)
Practice
( )1. How many countries does the UK consist of
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
( )2. Which invaders influenced London's language most
A. Anglo-Saxons. B. Romans. C. The Normans. D. Vikings.
( )3. From the passage, we know that___________.
A. all the four countries share the same education systems
B. the Romans came to England before the Anglo-Saxons
C. it was easy for Northern Ireland to join England, Scotland and Wales
D. in the 19th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK
( )4. What should you do if you want to make your trip to the UK more enjoyable
A. Know the location. B. Find a company.
C. Find a good guide. D. Study the history of the country ahead of time.
阅读理解, 根据课文内容选择正确答案
C
A
B
D
Practice
3 Read again and sort out the information according to the timeline.
When What happened What changed
Romans arrived
Anglo Saxons came
Vikings came
11th century
16th century
1st century
5th century
8th century
Normans conquered England after the Battle of Hastings
Wales was joined to Kingdom
of England
towns and roads
language and way houses were built
vocabulary and names of locations
across the UK
castles built , legal system changed, and
new words from the French introduced
Practice
3 Read again and sort out the information according to the timeline.
When What happened What changed
18th century
19th century
20th century
Scotland was joined to England
and Wales
Ireland was added
the southern part of Ireland
broke away
“Kingdom of Great Britain” formed / created
“United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland” formed /created
name changed to “United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”
Expansion
Time and dynastic comparison table between China and the West
Romans Saxons Vikings Normans Tudors Victorians
43 A.D 450 A.D 793 A.D 1066 A.D 1485 A.D 1485 A.D
Eastern Han Dynasty 东汉 Northern and Southern Dynasties 南北朝 The Tang Dynasty 唐 The Song Dynasty 宋 The Ming dynasty Chengdu reign Hongzhi reign 成华 弘治 Qing Dynasty
Daoguang reign
清朝
道光
Practice
A:I can never remember what the UK means! There's England, Britain,___________Great Britain!
B: Well, it helps if you remember that there are four countries that__________the UK.
That's why it's called the United Kingdom.
A: Four countries I must have been asleep in that part of our history class! So the first country
was England, and the others were________that
B: Yes, right. First England, then Wales, then Scotland. The last country was Ireland, but later the southern half didn't want to be__________the United Kingdom.
A: Oh, I remember now! The southern part___________ from Northern Ireland, right
B: Yes, you got it well remembered! But__________________in history class next time!
4 Complete the conversation about the UK using the phrases in
their correct forms.
as well as belong to add to join to break away keep your eyes open
as well as
belong to
added to
joined to
broke away
keep your eyes open
Practice
1 Why is it important to study the history and culture of a country before visiting it
2 What important things should visitors know about before they come to China
5 Discuss the questions in groups.
Visitors to China should know something about the history of the country and about the cultural traditions of the area being visited, such as the food eaten, or festivals celebrated there.
Studying a country's history and culture before visiting it is important because it will help you understand the place better and have a more enjoyable experience. You will be able to interact better with the people and their culture and have a richer experience.
Language point
puzzle n.谜;智力游戏;疑问vt.迷惑;使困惑
in a puzzle 感到困惑;不解之谜 ; 疑问
例句:He wore a puzzled look on his face.
他脸上流露出迷惑不解的神情。
例句:My sister puzzles me and makes me anxious.
我妹妹总让我捉摸不透，弄得我焦虑不安。
Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
单句语法填空
1.The fireman were___________(感到困惑) about the cause of the fire.
2.How to deal with the problem________(使困惑)us.
in a puzzle
puzzled
Language point
join...to 把.....和......连接或联结起来
例句:Every individual or group is Joined to the world by the Internet.
每一个人或团体都通过互联网与世界相连。
词语积累：
join in参加;加入
join sb. in doing sth和某人一起做某事
In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. 十六世纪，邻国威尔士人英格兰王国。
单句语法填空
1. The island is joined____( 把.....和......连接或联结起来)the mainland by a bridge.
2. I think I'll_______(参加)参加on the boat competitions.
to
join in
Language point
break away (from sb. /sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱
The teenager broke away from the volunteer and ran away.
这名少年从志愿者手中挣脱逃跑了。
the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today...
......爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称......
该主从复合句中，which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代一整句话的意思。该定语
从句中，we have today同样是定语从句，修饰先行词name。
Language point
词语积累
break off 中断;折断 break through突破
break out突然发生，爆发 break up破碎;分解;解散;(关系)破裂
break in破门而入;打断，插嘴 break into破门而入;实..来
break down (机器等)出故障,坏掉;分散:失败
根据中文含义填空。
1. Anna tried to ___________(挣脱) but he held her tight.
2. The southern states wanted to________________(脱离)the union so a war broke out.
break away
break away from
Language point
refer to... as... 把......称为......
(1) refer to提到，谈到;涉及，关于;参考，查阅
He referred to a recent trip to Canada in his lecture.他在讲话中提到了前不久的加拿大之行。
...the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain...
联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
词语积累
“把....看作称为”的表达方式还有:
treat...as... think of...as... regard...as... look on...as... view...as... consider...as...
单句语法填空
1. The terrible accident resulted ____careless driving.
2. Who do you think the teacher is referring____
as
to
(2) refer...to...把......提交,把.....归功于......;把....称作......
Some people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability.
有些人把自己所有的苦恼都归咎于运气不佳，而不认为是缺乏能力。
Language point
belong to
(1)属于(某人)
例句:The property should belong to me of right.按照法律这笔财产应当属于我。
The four countries that belong to the Unit Kingdom work together
in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
(2)是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员
例句:We belong to the new club. 我们是这个新俱乐部的成员。
(3)是(某族类或纲目)的一部分， 属于
例句:Lions belong to the cat family. 狮属于猫科。
完成句子
1. Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future__________(属于) the well-educated.
2.他们参加同一个象棋俱乐部。
______________________________________________
belong to
They belong to the same chess class.
Language point
They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack, as well as share
the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防
一样，它们也使用同面国旗。
defence n.防御;保卫
in defence (of)保护;为了保卫; (为....辩护)
词语搭配：in one's defence为某人辩护 come to one's defence出来保护某人
例句:Attack is said to be the best form of defence.
据说进攻是防御的最好方式。
单句语法填空
1. The tow walls were built as a defence_______enemy attacks.
2. Two rescues workers came to his ________(defend) when the accident happened.
against
defence
Language point
legal adj.法律的，合法的 legal rights 合法权利
legal documents法律文件 the legal profession/system法律专业/体系
over the legal limit超过法律允许范围 a legal adviser法律顾问
词语积累
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
...all have different education systems and legal systems...实行不同
的教育和法律制度。
根据中文意思填空。
1. We'll look at the problem from a strictly______(法律的)point of view.
2. He explained the___________ (合法权利) of the people at length.
legal
legal rights
Language point
surround v.围绕;包围
surround...with... 用......包围.....
搭配
be surrounded by/with...被......包围/环绕
surround oneself with ......在一起;与.......为伍
...you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of
people... ......你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围.....
语法填空
1. They have ___________(surround)the flat with the police.
2. The small island with beautiful sight is__________________(被....包围/环绕) the sea.
surrounded
surrounded by/with
Language point
evidence n.证据,证明
搭配: There is evidence that...有证据表明....
give evidence ( 出庭)作证
clear/strong evidence明显的/充分的证据
medical/scientific evidence医学/科学证据
单句语法填空
1.Enough ________(evident) shows that a balanced diet helps to avoid being overweight.
2.Do you have evidence_____this treatment works
evidence
that
Language point
achievement n.成就:成绩:功绩; 达到，完成
词语搭配:
make an achievement取得成就
a sense of achievement成就感
词语积累:
achieve n.实现;取得，达到
achieve one’s goal/dream达到目标/实现梦想
achieve success/victory/standard获得成功获得胜利/达到标准
Some of their great achievements included building towns and
roads.罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。
完成句子
In the past few years,China_________________________(取得巨大成就) in environmental protection.
has made great achievements
location n.地方;地点;位置
the exact/precise location确切位置
词语积累
(1) locate v. 坐落于;位于; ......的位置
(2) located adj.处于;位于;坐落在
be located in... 位于......
...left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many
locations across the UK. ......留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内
的许多地方命名。
根据中文意思填空。
1. It has taken until now to pin down its exact_________(位置).
2.The country is __________(位于......)the northern part of Europe.
location
located in
Language point
Language point
battle
(1)n. 战役;搏斗
a long lengthy battle旷日持久的斗争 fight a...battle打......的仗
win /lose battle打赢/输掉一场仗 accept the battle应战
(2)以正以搏斗;奋斗
battle against/with ....战斗
搭配
battle for为....而战，为....而奋斗
They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings
in the 11th century.十世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服
了英格兰。
根据中文意思填空。
1. This ______(斗争)is between you and me.
2. We've got to win this ______(打赢一场仗 ) in the mind field.
battle
battle
Language point
句式分析
该句中if any是省略句，其完整形式为if there is any difference.
if any 如果有的话
So what is the difference between them, if any
那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在
根据中文意思填空
1. Please let me know how many are coming, ______(如果有的话)
2. What one quality, ______(如果有的话;假如有的话) , do you like the most about your partner
if any
if any
Language point
句式分析
there is so much more to learn... 是there be...结构。
There be+主语+非谓语动词.
There are many cases lying in the corner of the room.房间的角落里有许多箱子。
There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and
culture of the United Kingdom.英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学
之处比比皆是。
归纳拓展
There be+主语+to do. (表示动作尚未发生)
There be+主语+doing. (表示主动和进行)
There be+主语+ done. (表示被动或完成)
单句语法填空
1.There are still millions of people ________(suffer) from hunger nowadays.
2. There will be some volunteer _______(help) in remote areas.
to help
suffering
Summary
重点单词
1. puzzle n.迷;智力游戏;疑问 vt.使困惑
2. surround vt. 围绕;包围
3. battle n.战役;搏斗 vi.&vt.搏斗;奋斗
4. defence n.防御;保卫→defend v.防卫;保卫
5. legal adj.法律的;合法的→illegal adj.非法的;不合法的
6. evidence n.证据;证明→evident adj.有证据的
7. achievement n. 成就;成绩;达到→achieve vt.达到
Summary
重点短语
1. join...to... 把........连接或联结起来
2. break away (from sb./sth.)脱离;背叛;逃脱
3. be referred to as被称作
4. belong to 属于(某人)
Homework
1.Review the key words and phrases.
2.Finish off the workbook exercises.
Homework中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
新人教版必修二Unit 4 Period 2
Reading and Thinking学案
学生姓名 班级 序号
课题内容 Unit 4 The History and Traditions Period 2 Reading and Thinking
教材分析 The theme of this unit is British history and traditions. It aims to help readers understand the two benefits of studying British history and the importance of understanding the history of a country.This article mainly introduces the analysis of British history, geography and culture, and tries to explain the importance of a country's history to understanding a country. The text begins with a puzzle: Why are there so many names in Britain and what's the differences between them Use this question in the text to stimulate the curiosity of readers and find the answer in the text. The first, second and third paragraphs of the main text briefly describe the history of the UK, explain the origin of different country names in the UK and describe the formation process of their full names. And the similarities and differences of the four countries in some areas. Then, it introduces the positive influences of the four invading groups on British society and culture in different historical periods, such as government, towns, road, language, food and so on. The fourth paragraph describes London and its long history. It tells readers that understanding the history of Britain can help us better understand the country and its tradition. The fifth paragraph points out that learning about British history can make our trip to Britain more enjoyable and interesting. The first four paragraphs of the text introduce that studying British history can help us to better understand Britain and its tradition. The fifth paragraph of the main text emphasizes the importance of knowing the history and culture of this country before learning about it. In terms of reading strategies, students should focus on predicting, skimming and scanning Making a timeline, etc., which can accurately grasp the subject information of the text.In other words, knowing the history of the UK can make our trip to the UK more enjoyable and interesting.This course helps students understand English history, improve their basic knowledge and skills of using English, improve their reading and expression ability, and guess the meaning of words according to the context, so as to consolidate their knowledge and improve their thinking, discrimination and expression ability. Cultivate students' logical thinking ability. While learning about British history, we can broaden our horizons, deepen our understanding of our own culture, enhance our national pride and cultivate cross-cultural communication skills.
学习目标与核心素养 1. Understand and master the important words and phrases in English history and culture,such as solve this puzzle, be joined to, break away from, be referred to as, belong to, military defense. Legal system, be rounded by, etc. 2. Learn some reading skills, such as predicting text content according to pictures, titles and maps. 3. Find some useful information by reading the text. 4. Be able to explain historical events in chronological order, improve logical thinking ability, and sum up the benefits of learning English history.5. Students can complete the timeline and mind map and repeat the text.6. Students retell the text after completing the timeline and mind map.7. Understand British history, get detailed information, deepen the understanding of Chinese and foreign culture and enhance national pride.8. Have a basic understanding of Britain's origin and unique culture, realize the great influence of historical events on a country, and then summarize the three benefits of understanding British history.
学习重点 1. Understand and master the important vocabulary and sentence patterns of this class.2. Learn some reading skills, such as predicting text content according to pictures, titles and maps.3. Students retell the text after completing the timeline and mind map.
学习难点 Students retell the text after completing the timeline and mind map.
一、重点单词及短语
1. puzzle n.迷；智力游戏；疑问 vt.使困惑
2. surround vt. 围绕；包围
3. battle n.战役；搏斗 vi.&vt.搏斗;奋斗
4. defence n.防御；保卫→defend v.防卫；保卫
5. legal adj.法律的；合法的→illegal adj.非法的；不合法的
6. evidence n.证据；证明→evident adj.有证据的
7. achievement n.成就；成绩；达到→achieve vt.达到
8. join...to... 把........连接或连接起来
9. break away（from sb.sth.）脱离；背叛；逃脱
10. be referred to as被称作
11. belong to 属于（某人）
二、重要语言点
1.Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.了解一点英国历史将有助于你解决这个难题。
puzzle n.谜；智力游戏；疑问vt.迷惑；使困惑
in a puzzle 感到困惑；不解之谜 ; 疑问
例句：He wore a puzzled look on his face.
他脸上流露出迷惑不解的神情。
例句：My sister puzzles me and makes me anxious.
我妹妹总让我捉摸不透，弄得我焦虑不安。
单句语法填空
①The fireman were in a puzzle（感到困惑）about the cause of the fire.
②How to deal with the problem puzzled（使困惑）us.
2.In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. 十六世纪，邻国威尔士人英格兰王国。
join...to 把.....和……连接或连接起来
例句：Every individual or group is Joined to the world by the Internet.
每一个人或团体都通过互联网与世界相连。
词语积累：
join in参加；加入
join sb. in doing sth和某人一起做某事
单句语法填空
①The island is joined to（把.....和……连接或连接起来）the mainland by a bridge.
②I think I'll join in（参加）参加on the boat competitions.
3.the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today...
……爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称……
该主从复合句中，which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代一整句话的意思。该定语从句中，we have today同样是定语从句，修饰先行词name。
break away (from sb. /sth.）脱离；背叛；逃脱
The teenager broke away from the volunteer and ran away.
这名少年从志愿者手中挣脱逃跑了。
词语积累
break off 中断；折断 break through突破
break out突然发生，爆发 break up破碎；分解；解散;（关系）破裂
break in破门而入；打断，插嘴 break into破门而入；实..来
break down（机器等）出故障，坏掉；分散：失败
根据中文含义填空。
①Anna tried to break away（挣脱）but he held her tight.
②The southern states wanted to break away from（脱离）the union so a war broke out.
4....the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain...
联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。
refer to... as... 把……称为……
(1) refer to提到，谈到；涉及，关于；参考，查阅
He referred to a recent trip to Canada in his lecture.他在讲话中提到了前不久的加拿大之行。
词语积累
“把....看作称为”的表达方式还有：
treat...as... think of...as... regard...as... look on...as... view...as... consider...as...
(2) refer...to...把……提交，把.....归功于……；把....称作……
Some people refer all the troubles to bad luck instead of lack of ability.
有些人把自己所有的苦恼都归咎于运气不佳，而不认为是缺乏能力。
单句语法填空
①The terrible accident resulted as careless driving.
②Who do you think the teacher is referring to
5.The four countries that belong to the Unit Kingdom work together in some areas.同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
belong to
(1）属于（某人）
例句：The property should belong to me of right.按照法律这笔财产应当属于我。
(2）是（俱乐部、组织等）的成员
例句：We belong to the new club. 我们是这个新俱乐部的成员。
(3）是（某族类或纲目）的一部分，属于
例句：Lions belong to the cat family. 狮属于猫科。
完成句子
①Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future belong to（属于） the well-educated.
②他们参加同一个象棋俱乐部。
They belong to the same chess class.
6.They use the same flag,known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，它们也使用同面国旗。
defence n.防御；保卫
in defence (of）保护；为了保卫;（为....辩护）
词语搭配：in one's defence为某人辩护 come to one's defence出来保护某人
例句：Attack is said to be the best form of defence.
据说进攻是防御的最好方式。
单句语法填空
①The tow walls were built as a defence against enemy attacks.
②Two rescues workers came to his defence(defend) when the accident happened.
7....all have different education systems and legal systems...
实行不同的教育和法律制度。
legal adj.法律的，合法的 legal rights 合法权利
legal documents法律文件 the legal profession/system法律专业/体系
over the legal limit超过法律允许范围 legal adviser法律顾问
词语积累
illegal adj.非法的，违法的
根据中文意思填空。
①We'll look at the problem from a strictly legal（法律的）point of view.
②He explained the legal rights（合法权利）of the people at length.
8....you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people...
……你都会被四个不同群体的遗迹所包围.....
surround v.围绕；包围
surround...with... 用......包围......
搭配
be surrounded by/with...被......包围/环绕
surround oneself with ......在一起；与.......为伍
语法填空
①They have surrounded(surround)the flat with the police.
②The small island with beautiful sight is surrounded by/with（被....包围/环绕） the sea.
evidence n.证据，证明
搭配：There is evidence that...有证据表明.....
give evidence（出庭）作证
clear/strong evidence明显的/充分的证据
medical/scientific evidence医学/科学证据
单句语法填空
1.Enough evidence (evident) shows that a balanced diet helps to avoid being overweight.
2.Do you have evidence that this treatment works
9.Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads.
罗马人的伟大成就在于他们建立了城镇、修建了道路。
achievement n.成就：成绩：功绩；达到，完成
词语搭配：
make an achievement取得成就
a sense of achievement成就感
词语积累：
achieve n.实现；取得，达到
achieve ones goal/dream达到目标/实现梦想
achieve success/victory/standard获得成功获得胜利/达到标准
完成句子
In the past few years,China has made great achievements（取得巨大成就）in environmental protection.
10....left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. ……留下了诸多新的词汇，并给英国境内的许多地方命名。
location n.地方；地点；位置
the exact/precise location确切位置
词语积累
(1) locate v. 坐落于；位于；.......的位置
(2) located adj.处于；位于；坐落在
be located in... 位于……
根据中文意思填空。
①It has taken until now to pin down its exact location（位置）.
②The country is located in（位于……）the northern part of Europe.
11.They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings
in the 11th century.十世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后，诺曼人征服了英格兰。
battle
(1)n. 战役；搏斗
a long lengthy battle旷日持久的斗争 fight a...battle打……的仗
win /lose battle打赢/输掉一场仗 accept the battle应战
(2）以正义搏斗；奋斗
battle against/with ....战斗
搭配
battle for为....而战，为....而奋斗
根据中文意思填空。
①This battle（斗争）is between you and me.
②We've got to win this battle（打赢一场仗）in the mind field.
12.So what is the difference between them, if any
那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
句式分析
该句中if any是省略句，其完整形式为if there is any difference.
if any 如果有的话
根据中文意思填空
①Please let me know how many are coming, if any（如果有的话）
②What one quality, if any（如果有的话；假如有的话）, do you like the most about your partner
13.There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.英国的历史文化引人入胜，可学之处比比皆是。
句式分析
there is so much more to learn... 是there be......结构。
There be+主语+非谓语动词.
There are many cases lying in the corner of the room.房间的角落里有许多箱子。
归纳拓展
There be+主语+to do.（表示动作尚未发生）
There be+主语+doing.（表示主动和进行）
There be+主语+ done.（表示被动或完成）
单句语法填空
1.There are still millions of people suffering (suffer) from hunger nowadays.
2. There will be some volunteer to help (help) in remote areas.
一、语法填空
1.The spelling of English is often_______(puzzle).
2.Do you know how many of them joined_______the research project
3.The Union first consisted of several countries, broke away _______it later
Because of conflicts.
4.He has a preference for literature as result________the influence from his mother.
5.You should refer this matter________the head office for a decision.
二、完形填空
1.Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Next week, as millions of families gather for their Thanksgiving feasts（大餐）, many other Americans will go without. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, more than 12 million households 1 enough food for everyone in their family at some time during the year — including 2 .
Hunger is surprisingly widespread in our country — one of the world's wealthiest — yet the government estimates that we waste almost 100 billion pounds of food each year, more than one-quarter of our total supply.
Reducing this improper distribution of 3 is a goal of America's Second Harvest, the nation's largest domestic hunger-relief organization. Last year，it 4 nearly 2 billion pounds of food to more than 23 million people in need.
America's Second Harvest is a network of 214 inter-connected food banks and other organizations that 5 food from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants. 6 , the network distributes food to some 50,000 soup kitchens （施食处）, homeless 7 and old people's centers in every county of every state.
A great deal of work is involved in distributing tons of food from thousands of 8 to thousands of small, non-profit organizations. Until a few years ago, America's Second Harvest lacked any 9 way to manage their inventory （存货）. Without accurate and timely information, soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food was left to 10 in loading places.
In 2000, America's Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial-management system — Ceres. It is a 11 designed specifically for hunger-relief operations. It is used by more than 100 America's Second Harvest organizations to 12 food from donation to distribution.
Ceres has helped 13 the spoiling of food and improve distribution. An evaluation found that the software streamlined （精简） food banks' operations by 23 percent in the first year alone.
With more accurate and timely reports, Ceres saves time, frees staff members to focus on finding new donors, and 14 more efficient use of donations.
Hunger in America remains a(n) 15 social problem. Technology alone cannot solve it. But in the hands of organizations such as America's Second Harvest, it is a powerful tool that is helping to make a difference — and helping more Americans to join in the feast.
1. A. serve B. lack C. reserve D. order
2. A. workdays B. birthdays C. holidays D. paydays
3. A. resources B. incomes C. missions D. services
4. A. exposed B. introduced C. distributed D. addicted
5. A. harvest B. prepare C. recommend D. gather
6. A. For example B. In contrast C. Above all D. In turn
7. A. backyards B. shelters C. garages D. cabins
8. A. donors B. survivors C. farmers D. victims
9. A. innovative B. impressive C. effective D. productive
10. A. grow B. recycle C. spoil D. stir
11. A. theory B. action C. remedy D. software
12. A. advertise B. relieve C. track D. migrate
13. A. produce B. reduce C. shift D. simplify
14. A. promises B. ceases C. admits D. locates
15. A. troubling B. demanding C. touching D. imposing
三、任务型阅读
Table Manners
We all like to think we have good table manners, but what you consider proper table manners may actually be considered rude in another country! Let's explore some strange table manners around the world.
Most people believe that it is bad manners to slurp（出声地吃或喝）or hold your soup bowl up to your mouth. ________ Slurping in Japan is an indication that the food is good. Therefore, in Japan, slurping is considered polite.
________ In some cultures, finishing all the food on your plate is a sign that your host did not provide you with enough food. Filipinos, Koreans and Thais will all think like this. In many cases your host will continue to serve you each time you clear your plate. For Japanese people, however, finishing all the food on one's plate is a sign to the host that the meal is delicious and that you appreciate the meal.
________ This is a belief in many Asian countries, including Thailand, Japan and China. It's considered taboo（禁忌） because during funerals（丧礼）, bowls of rice with chopsticks sticking in them are offered to the dead.
Don't cut your salad with a knife in France. Proper etiquette（礼节）in France when eating a salad to fold the salad leaves onto your fork if they are too big to put in your mouth. You should never cut your salad with a knife. ________
Pay attention to forks. Have you ever been to a fancy western restaurant, not sure which fork to use
________ In Thai culture the proper way to enjoy Thai food is with a spoon in your right hand and a fork in your left. Some countries don't even use forks but rather eat with their hands, like India, Nepal and Pakistan.
A. That isn't true in Japan.
B. It's the one furthest from your plate.
C. You must finish the food on your plate.
D. Should you finish all the food on your plate
E. You may use your fork to eat something like fruit.
F. Never leave your chopsticks sticking in a bowl of rice.
G. This rule is taught to many French children from an early age.
四、阅读理解
In many countries of the world, people can confidently tell you the meaning of their town or city, but most people who live in Manchester, Oxford or Birmingham would not be able to explain what the name of their city means. The name of every British town or city, however, has a long history.
Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts. Even the word "Britain" is Celtic（凯尔特语）. Then the Romans arrived and built camps which became cities called "castro". This is why there are so many place names in England which end in "-chester" or "-caster", Manchester, for example.
The Romans never reached Wales or Scotland, and many place names there are Celtic. For example, Welsh place names that begin with "Llan" come from the Celtic word for "church".
After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is now Germany and Holland. The names of their villages often end in "- ham" or "- ton". Some get their names from the leader of the village. Birmingham for example, means "Beormund's village"
The Anglo-Saxons were farmers and the landscape was very important to them, so we have villages called Upton (village on a hill)—a good place to build a village and Moreton ("village by a lake") where floods could make life hard. Place names that end in "- ford" (a place where you could cross a river) also describe the location of Anglo-Saxon villages.
Finally, in 1066 England became Norman—the Normans gave us the place name "grange", which means farm.
And how about London Experts cannot agree. The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first inhabitants（居民）. People once believed that the United Kingdom's capital city got its name from the castle of a King called Lud, but this is very unlikely. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning a fast-flowing river. Like a number of British place names, its history is lost in time.
（1）According to the article, Stratford is most likely a town .
A.on a hill
B.near a castle
C.beside a river
D.with a church
（2）Which of the following shows the correct order of the arrival of the inhabitants in Britain
A.The Celts—The Romans—The Normans—The Anglo-Saxons.
B.The Celts—The Romans—The Anglo-Saxons—The Normans.
C.The Romans—The Celts—The Anglo-Saxons—The Normans.
D.The Romans—The Anglo-Saxons—The Celts—The Normans.
（3）What does London mean in Celtic
A.River.
B.Londinium.
C.Lud.
D.Castle.
答案解析部分
一、语法填空
1.【答案】puzzling
2.【答案】in
3.【答案】from
4.【答案】of
5.【答案】to
二、完形填空
1.【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）A；（4）C；（5）D；（6）D；（7）B；（8）A；（9）C；（10）C；（11）D；（12）C；（13）B；（14）A；（15）A；
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国第二丰收组织为了优化社会捐赠食物的合理分配，使用一种叫做Ceres的软件，从而有效地解决捐赠食物的处理问题。
（1）句意：根据美国农业部的数据，超过1200万户家庭在一年中的某个时候，包括节假日，缺少足够的食物供每个家庭成员食用。A. serve“为……服务”；B. lack“缺乏”；C. reserve“保留，预定”；D. order“命令”。根据第二段的关键词“Hunger”可知，1200万户家庭应该是缺乏食物。故选B。
（2）A. workdays“工作日”；B. birthdays“生日”；C. holidays“节假日”；D. paydays“发薪日”。根据本句中“at some time during the year”和“including”可知，此处表示包括节假日。故选C。
（3）句意：减少这种不合理的资源分配是美国第二丰收组织的目标之一，该组织是美国国内最大的饥饿救济组织。A. resources“资源”；B. incomes“收入”；C. missions“使命”；D. services“服务”。根据“the nation's largest domestic hunger-relief organization”可知，该组织的目的是减少不合理的资源分配。故选A。
（4）句意：去年，该组织向2300多万需要帮助的人分发了近20亿磅粮食。A. exposed“暴露”；B. introduced“介绍，引进”；C. distributed“分发”；D. addicted“使……上瘾”。根据上一句中关键词“distribution”可知，此处指该组织向2300多万需要帮助的人分发了近20亿磅粮食。故选C。
（5）句意：美国第二丰收组织是一个由214个相互联系的食品银行和其他组织组成的网络，从种植者、加工商、杂货店和餐馆处收集食品。A. harvest“收获”；B. prepare“准备”；C. recommend“推荐”；D. gather“收集”。根据“from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants”可知，此处表示收集食物。故选D。
（6）句意：反过来，该网络向每州每县的约5万个施食处、无家可归者收容所和老年人中心分发食物。A. For example“举个例子”；B. In contrast“与此相反”；C. Above all“首先”；D. In turn“反过来”。根据上文“gather food from”和本句“distributes food to”推测，此句中的行为与上一句的行为正好反过来。故选D。
（7）A. backyards“后院”；B. shelters“庇护所”；C. garages“车库”；D. cabins“小屋”。根据“homeless”推测，此处是指庇护所、收容所。故选B。
（8）句意：大量的工作涉及从成千上万捐助者向成千上万的小型非营利组织分发的成吨的食品。A. donors“捐助者”；B. survivors“幸存者”；C. farmers“农民”；D. victims受害者“。根据上文“from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants”可知，此处的食物是社会各部分捐赠而来的。故选A。
（9）句意：直到几年前，美国的第二丰收组织还没有任何有效的方法来管理他们的库存。A. innovative“创新的”；B. impressive“令人印象深刻的”；C. effective“有效的”；D. productive“高产的”。根据下文“Without accurate and timely information, soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food was left to 10 in loading places.”可知，此处表示没有管理食物的有效方法。故选C。
（10）句意：由于没有准确和及时的信息，施食处有时会空无一人，而食物则被留在装运地点变质。A. grow“成长”；B. recycle“循环”；C. “spoil腐败，变质”；D. “stir”搅拌。根据“soup kitchens were sometimes empty”及“white”可知，此处的食物应该是留在装运地点变质腐败。故选C。
（11）句意：这是一款专门为救济饥饿而设计的软件。A. theory”原理“；B. action“行动”；C. remedy“补救”；D. software“软件”。根据“In 2000, America's Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial-management system — Ceres.”可知，Ceres是一种软件系统。故选D。
（12）句意：它被100多个美国第二丰收组织用来追踪食物从捐赠到分发的全过程。A. advertise“广告”；B. relieve“解除，减轻”；C. track“追踪”；D. migrate“移居”。根据“food from donation to distribution”可知，此处应该使用Ceres系统来追踪食物的捐赠到分发的过程。故选C。
（13）句意：Ceres帮助食物减少腐烂并改善分配。A. produce“生产”；B. reduce“减少”；C. shift“转移，变换”；D. simplify“简化”。根据“improve the situation”可知，此处应该是帮助减少食物腐败。故选B。
（14）句意：由于报告更加准确和及时，Ceres节省了时间，使工作人员有时间专注于寻找新的捐助者，并承诺更有效地利用捐赠物。A. “promises”承诺“；B. ceases“停止”；C. admits“承认”；D.“ locates”定位”。此句表示Ceres的优点，根据“more efficient use of donations”可知，此处应该是指Ceres承诺更高效的捐赠物利用率。故选A。
（15）句意：饥饿在美国仍然是一个令人不安的社会问题。A. troubling”令人不安的“；B. demanding“要求高的”；C. touching“令人感动的”；D. “imposing”壮观的。根据下文“Technology alone cannot solve it.”可知，此处表示饥饿在美国仍然是一个令人不安的问题。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
三、任务型阅读
1.【答案】 A；D；F；G；B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地的一些奇怪的餐桌礼仪。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Most people believe that it is bad manners to slurp or hold your soup bowl up to your mouth”很多人认为出声喝汤是坏习惯；以及空后“Slurping in Japan is an indication that the food is good. Therefore, in Japan, slurping is considered polite.”在日本出声喝汤是在表示食物的味道好。因此，在日本这样做是礼貌的行为。A项可以承上启下，说明日本的情况与前面所说国家的情况不同。故选A。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。第三段说的是在有些国家，吃光盘子里的食物意味着没吃饱，而在另一些国家这样做则表示你用餐完毕，并且对食物很满意。故本段主要讨论的是是否要吃光自己盘子里的食物。故选D。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“This is a belief in many Asian countries, including Thailand, Japan and China.”可知在很多亚洲国家自己用的筷子插在米饭上是一种禁忌。所以F. Never leave your chopsticks sticking in a bowl of rice“永远不要把筷子插在米饭里”符合语境。故选F。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“You should never cut your salad with a knife”你不应该用刀切沙拉，可知主要说的是在法国不要用刀子切沙拉。G选项中的This rule指不用刀切沙拉这条规则。即很多法国的孩子很小就学了这个礼仪。故选G。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“Have you ever been to a fancy western restaurant, not sure which fork to use ”你是否有过去一家高档的西餐厅用餐却不知道该用哪把叉子的经历？可知是在询问是不是不知道用哪个叉子，故下文应当回答用哪个叉子。所以选B。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
四、阅读理解
2.【答案】
（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国一些城市名称的含义及由来。
（1）考察推理判断。根据第五段中的“Place names that end in -ford" (a place where you could cross a river) also describe the location of Anglo-Saxon villages. ”可知以－ford结尾的名字是和河流有关的。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Two thousand years ago, most people living in Britain were Celts.”可知The Celts为第一批到达英国的居民；“Then the Romans arrived”可知The Romans为第二批；第四段中的“After the Romans left Britain, it was attacked by the Anglo-Sacons who were from the area of Europe that is now Germany and Holland.”可知The Anglo-Saxons为第三批；以及倒数第二段中的“Finally, in 1066 England became Norman ”可知The Normans为最后一批。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“句Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning a fast-flowing river.”可知伦教这个名字来自凯尔特语，意思是一条湍急的河流。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
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