2022届高考英语二轮复习：动词时态及语态 学案（含答案）

第6讲 动词时态及语态
Part1：Warming up
Part2：动词时态基本辨别
She has a brother who lives in New York.
He is reading a novel now.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
He has been washing cars all the morning, but there are still some cars left.
I cleaned the classroom yesterday.
What were you doing from nine to eleven last night
They finished earlier than we had expected.
My sister will be 12 years old next month.
I’ll be doing my homework at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning .
By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
小结：
时态 形式 时态 形式
一般现在时 现在进行时
一般过去时 过去进行时
一般将来时 将来进行时
现在完成时 现在完成进行时
过去完成时 过去完成进行时
将来完成时 过去将来时
Part3：易错时态辨析
1、一般现在时
什么时候用：
1. 表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；2. 表示经常或习惯性的动作；3. 表示客观规律和永恒真理
提示：句子中一般有often, always, never, from time to time 等时间状语提示。如：
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York.
★考点一： 表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。如：
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
★考点二：时刻表
Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 (take) off at 18:20!
★考点三：一般现在时表将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
例： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus start It starts in ten minutes.
★考点四： 在时间或条件句中 主将从现
时间状语从句连词：when, once, until, after, before, as soon as, the moment/the minute, the day;
条件状语从句练习：if = provided，unless
—What will you do if it _______(rain) tomorrow
—We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready.
2、现在完成时
什么时候用：
所表示的动作所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去，对现在仍有影响，通常可翻译为“已经”。现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语：
1：since+时间点；
例： They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
2：already, yet, lately; recently, so far，up to now, till now 等。
例：Have you finished your homework
3：在表示“in/over/during past/last+ 过去时间段”表示“在过去的….年/月以来……”时间状语中，如：
in the past / last few / three years/months/weeks/days;
over the past / last few / three years/months/weeks/days;
during the past / last few / three years/months/weeks/days;
例：I have read this book in the past few days.
4.在某些句型中从句部分要使用现在完成时
It (This) is the first (last, second, third,…) time that…
It (This) is the best (worst, most interesting,…) + n. + that…
【经典例题】
①In the last few years the film maker (produce) thousands of films spreading all over the world.
②Up to now, the program ________(save) thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
3、现在完成进行时
什么时候用：所表示的动作所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，一定还会持续下去，对现在仍有影响
试比较：He has been washing cars all the morning and has washed five cars so far.
【经典例题】
1.—I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so. He (prepare) for it for months.
2.----Hi, Jack! When did you arrive in Berlin
-----Last weekend. I __________ (experience) a different culture since then.
4、一般过去时
什么时候用
1. 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性的动作，不强调对现在的影响，
只说明过去。
常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945;at that time; a few days ago等。
例如：I got up at 10 o’clock yesterday morning.
难点区别:一般过去时与现在完成时
① I cleaned the classroom yesterday.
I have cleaned the classroom yesterday and now it is clean.
② He lived in Xiamen for five years and now he lives in Fuzhou.
He has lived in Xiamen for five years.
【经典例题】
1. Mr. James ______(drive) a city bus for 20 years. Now he has retired.
2. ---The window is dirty. ---I know. It ____ (clean)for weeks.
3. The woman, who is said to have moved to America last year, ____ (live) in China for almost twenty years.
4. ---This returned scholar has become one of the top experts in this field.
---Yes, I know him very well. He ______ (work) for ten years at an institute in the USA.
5. It is said that the meeting ______ (last) for three hours. Why should I regret missing it !
5、过去完成时
什么时候使用：即动作发生在“过去的过去”。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作。
1. 该时态从来不孤立使用，而是有明显的参照动作或时间状语 (before, by,+过去的时间)
如：There had been 25 parks in our city before 2000.?
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
2. 用于固定句型中
①：表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。
如：It/This/That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
②：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner...than 句型中，表示“刚….就….”
主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时; 还要注意句子倒装。
如：I had hardly / scarcely finished my work when he came to see me.
倒装：Hardly / scarcely had I finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
倒装：No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.(注意主谓倒装)
例：1. John and I______ (be) friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we_____(see) each other a couple of times before that.
2. Father____(leave) for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him.
3. We ______(expect) that you would be able to visit us, but you didn’t.
Practice：
1. We (drive) for over 2 hours . Are you sure this is the right way
2. My brother has booked a ticket for the airplane that (take) off at 7:00.
3. ---I wonder what makes you a good salesperson.
--- I (serve) as a waiter for three years, which contributes a lot to my today’s work.
4. ---How do you find your trip to Australia
--- Very exciting. I (stay) three for eight weeks. It’s a fantastic place.
5. By the time he realizes he (walk) into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
6. The tourism of Linyi (see) a rapid growth over the last decade. Now it’s the 2nd most visited city in Shandong Province.
7. Jack doesn’t smoke now, but he (smoke) for almost twenty years.
8. If only I had got up a little earlier this morning! I (miss) the bus by only a minute and waited half an hour for another.
9. When residents learned on Wednesday that only one of the 13 workers trapped underground______ (survive),they burst into tears.
10.Our new English teacher, who is said to have moved back to China, (live) in America for almost ten years.
Part4：时态语态综合
时态（结构） 语态（结构） 例句
主动 被动
一般现在时 do(does,am/is/are) We clean the classroom every day.
The classroom is cleaned by us every day.
一般过去时 did We cleaned the classroom yesterday.
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.
一般将来时 will/shall do We will clean the classroom soon.
The classroom will be cleaned soon.
过去将来时 would do We told him that we would clean the classroom soon.
We told him that the classroom would be cleaned soon.
现在进行时 am/is/are doing We are cleaning the classroom now.
The classroom is being cleaned now.
过去进行时 was/were doing We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday.
The classroom was being cleaned this time yesterday.
现在完成时 has/have done
The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it.
The classroom looks tidy. It has been cleaned.
过去完成时 had done
The classroom looked tidy. We had cleaned it.
The classroom looked tidy. It had been cleaned.
将来完成时 will/shall have done We will have cleaned the classroom by five o'clock.
The classroom will have been cleaned by five o'clock.
含有情态动词的语态 can/must/may do We must clean the classroom by five o'clock.
★易错点---主动形式表被动
1. 动词sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run等与well, smoothly, easily等状语连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”“特点”，用主动代替被动。
e.g. 1) This kind of book sells well. 比较：This kind of book has been sold out.
2) His shirts wash easily. 比较：His shirt are washed by his wife.
2. 表示状态特征的连系动词如smell, taste, feel, sound, look, prove,stay,keep,remain等用主动语态表示被动意义。
e.g. The ice-creams smell sweet. Such kind of cloth feels soft. The news proved to be true.
例1. The roast duck_______(taste) delicious and a lot_______(sell)in two hours.
例2 The roast dark which Mr and Mrs White prepared_______(sell)well.
3. 不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：come up, run out（用完）, give out（耗尽）, go out（熄灭）, come out（出版）, come to light, belong to, lose heart, die out, own, have, possess,等
以及五个“发生”： happen, take place, occur, break out，come about等。
e.g. The oil is running out. The accident happened by chance.
例3 As is well known to everyone, the Olympic Games_______(take) place every four years.
即时训练：
1.Scientists have many theories about how the universe ___ (come)into being.
2.Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge It ________ (stay) fresh for several days.
3. The food _____ (cook)easily and_____ (sell) well.
4. The notice (write) “No smoking.”
5. The classroom ______ (measure)30 feet long.
解题技巧小结：
综合训练：
一、单句语法填空
1. We won’t start the work until all the preparations________(make).
2. --- Why are you still here Everybody has gone to attend the lecture by the president.
--- Oh, I (inform) about it!
3. ---How long (employ) in that company before you work with us
--- For eight years.
4. In a TV ad, a happy housewife is polishing her table so shiny that her smiling reflection______ (see) on it.
5. The beef I bought from the deli is very fresh and (cut) easily.
6. ---That must have been a terrible experience.
--- Yeah. I (stick) in the damaged car, unable to move.
7. This brand of knife is quite popular with customers, for it______(cut) well.
8. ---What’s up The house is in a mess.
--- Oh, I forgot to tell you. It (paint).
9. --- Have you heard about that school bus accide
--- Yes. Fortunately, all on board including the driver (save).
10. Up to now, thousands of red phone boxes, the old image of Britain,_______(remove) due to mobile phones.
二、 单句改错
1. The trains will start at eight tonight.
2. I will go to see you when you will finish the training course.
3. When Alice came to sense, she did not know how long she has been lying there.
4. On her next birthday, Ann will have married for twenty years.
5. When you are home, give a call to let me know you arrived safely.
6. By the time he realizes he walked into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
7. They were reading while Tom shouted in pain.
8. Hardly had I got home when the rain pours down.
9. This is the second time that I had been to Beijing.
10. Look, the red sky in the morning said to be a sign of bad weather.
Homework
一、时态单句语法填空
1．The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ________ (see) them since.
2．—Hi, let's go skating.
—Sorry, I'm busy right now. I ________ (fill) in an application form for a new job.
3．—What time is it
—I have no idea. But just a minute, I ________ (check) it for you.
4．I found the lecture hard to follow because it ________ (start) when I arrived.
5．Writing out all the invitations by hand was more time consuming than we ________ (expect)．
6．They made up their mind that they ________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
7．James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ (come) until yesterday.
8．—Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been
—I went to Ningxia and ________ (stay) there for one year, teaching as a volunteer.
9．The twins, who ________ (finish) their homework, were allowed to play badminton on the playground.
10．Sofia looked around at all the faces; she had the impression that she ________ (see) most of the guests before.
11．During his stay in Xi'an, Jerry tried almost all the local foods his friends ________ (recommend)．
12．Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ (try) to make our environment more beautiful.
13．She ________ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
14．—Tony, why are your eyes red
—I ________(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.
15．Unless some extra money ________ (find), the theatre will close.
16．When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I ________(change) my mind.
17．Hurry up! Mark and Carl ________(expect) us.
18．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ________(repair) one of the main pipes.
19．I felt very tired when I got home, and I ________(go) straight to bed.
20．I didn't think I'd like the movie, but actually it ________(be) pretty good.
二、时态单句改错
1.If you go there alone after dark you might got robbed
2.What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting was to hold.
3.Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.
4.If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you.
5.We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop.
6.Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the place.
7.I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again.
8.They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together.
9.She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbor’s house.
10.We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters.
答案
Part3：易错时态辨析
1、一般现在时
★考点二：takes ★考点四： rains
2、现在完成时
【经典例题】
①have produced
②have saved
3、现在完成进行时
1.has been preparing 2.have been experiencing
4、一般过去时
1.drove 2.hasn’t been cleaned 3.lived 4.worked 5.lasted
5、过去完成时
1.have been;had seen 2.had left 3. had expected
Practice：
1.have been driving 2.takes 3.served 4.stayed 5.has walked 6.has seen 7.smoked 8.missed 9.had survived 10.lived
Part4：时态语态综合
★易错点---主动形式表被动
2. 例1.tasted;were sold;例2 sells 3. take
即时训练：
1.came 2.will stay 3.cooks;sells 4.writes 5.measures
综合训练：
一、单句语法填空
1.have been made/are made 2.wasn’t informed 3.were you employed 4.is seen
5.cuts 6.stuck 7. cuts 8. is being painted 9. were saved 10. have been removed
二、 单句改错
1.去掉will 2.去掉will 3.has→had
4.have后加been 5. arrived前加have 6.walked前加has
7.while→when 8. pours→poured 9.is→was或had→have
10.said前加is
Homework
一、时态单句语法填空
1.has seen 2.am filling 3.will check 4.had started 5. had expected
6. would buy 7.would come 8.stayed 9.had finished 10.had seen
11.had recommended 12. have been trying 13.was phoning 14.have been cutting
15.is found 16.have changed17.are expecting 18.are repairing 19.went 20.was
二、时态单句改错
1.got→get 2.hold→held 3.第2个is改成was 4.will去掉 5.stops→ topped
6. hurry→ hurried 7. is→ was8.have→ had9.find →found10.were→are
Key words：①时间状语 ②时间标志词 ③动词参照 ④特殊句型
1、注意观察题干（时间标志词、句型、时间状语、已出现的动词）
2、确定时态
3、确定语态（主动or被动）
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