2022届高考英语二轮复习：虚拟语气 学案（含答案）
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| 更新时间 | 2022-01-09 09:44:51 | ||
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第10讲 虚拟语气
1．概念
虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实
相反。
2．考点：虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
表示虚拟语气的常见标志词：If(only); wish; as if; would rather
三．
例句：
1. If I were a boy, I would join the army.
2. How I wish I were a boy!
3. He looks as if he had done something wrong.
4. I would rather he were here now.
四．分类解析
★ if条件句虚拟
(1) 基本结构（“主情从退”原则）
虚拟情况 从句时态 主句时态
与过去事实相反 had done would /should /could /might + have done
与现在事实相反 did (be 用were) would /should /could /might + do
与将来事实相反 did (be 用were) should + v were to + v would /should /could /might + do
①If I were to meet GD, I would ask for his signature.
②If Typhoon “ NIDA” had landed in Fuzhou yesterday, I would not have had to prepare for my class.
(2) 混合虚拟
①If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.
②You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
（3）倒装式虚拟 (had /were /should).
①Had it not been for your help, we would not have achieved so much.
②Should he make new progress, I would learn from him.
had一定是助动词，否定句的not 不能提前
(4) 含蓄虚拟without, but for
Without air, we could not live on the earth for long.
↓
If there were no air,
(5) 跳层虚拟but, otherwise, or
①I didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise/or I would have telephoned him.
②I would have telephoned him, but I didn’t know his telephone number.
_____真实_____, otherwise/or_____虚拟(主)_____.
_____虚拟(主)_____, but _____真实_____.
〖小结〗
If 条件句
虚拟情况 从句时态 主句时态
与过去事实相反
与现在事实相反
与将来事实相反
★ wish/if only后的从句表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望
虚拟情况 虚拟语气 ( http: / / www. / Article / sub / Index.html )结构
与过去事实相反 had + done
与现在事实相反 did (be 用were )
与将来事实相反 would / could / might / should + v
〖例句〗
I wish I hadn’t wasted so much money.
If only I were a bird.
I wish he would be here tomorrow.
★ as if, as though之后的从句表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望.
虚拟情况 虚拟语气 ( http: / / www. / Article / sub / Index.html )结构
从句动作发生在主句之前 had + done
从句动作与主句同时发生 did (be 用were )
从句动作发生在主句之后 would / could / might / should + v
〖例句〗
He smiled to me as if he knew me.
He smiled to me as if he had known me before.
He smiled to me unfriendly as if he would do something bad to me.
★ would rather之后的从句表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望.
虚拟情况 虚拟语气 ( http: / / www. / Article / sub / Index.html )结构
与过去事实相反 had + done
与现在事实相反 did (be 用were )
与将来事实相反 did (be 用were )
〖例句〗
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.
I’d rather you were here now.
We’d rather you went here tomorrow.
should do/be done（现在或将来）
★ (should)+动词原形
should have (been) done（过去）
(1) 在for fear that, in case that, lest后的从句中谓语动词：(should) + v.
He worked hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. 他努力学习以防考试失败。
(2) 表示：坚持insist, 命令order, command, 建议suggest, advise, recommend, 要求ask, demand, request, require的词后跟从句时，从句的谓语动词形式 (should) +v.
基本句型：It is suggested/requested/asked/advised that......
I suggest/insist/command/advise that......
The suggestion/advice/order is that........
I agree with the advice/suggestion/request that......
The teacher advised that he (should) make good use of every minute here.
(3) 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此, 多以形容词和名词出现的情况下。
常用句型：It is important/strange/necessary/natural that.....
It is a pity / a shame / no wonder...that.....
It is strange that he should not come.
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam.
insist表示“坚持要求”用虚拟语气，表示“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气。
suggest表示“建议”用虚拟语气，表示“暗示”不用虚拟语气。
易错点：
His parents insist that they (be) not wrong and insist that his son (follow) their advice.
His smile suggested that he (pass) the test.
★ It is (high / about) time that +主语+动词的过去式/ should +动词原形。
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
〖小结〗
虚拟语气
形式 用法小结：
if条件句
wish/if only
as if/though
would rather
should+v
综合检测
一．单项选择
1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.
A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent
C. know, would send D. knew, would have send
2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill, wouldn't be B. had been ill, wouldn't have been
C. had been ill, should have been D. hadn't been ill, could be
3. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.
A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do
4. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.
A. Had you taken, wouldn't have made B. If you had taken, would make
C. Were you lo take, shouldn't have made D. Have you taken, won't have made
5. If only I _________ to the lecture！
A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened
6.—If he_____, he ______ that food.
---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have taken
C. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken
7. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting
9. It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry.
A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make
10. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I it
A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
二．单句语法填空
1. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ________(invite) Mr. Li to the party？
2. I insisted that he ________(go) at once.
3. Keep quiet in case you ________(interrupt) him.
4. If Mr. Dewey_____ (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
5. ________he _____ (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
三．单句改错
1. It is important that we closed the window before we leave.
2. I should been to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.
3. Had they known what was coming next, they might had second thoughts.
4. My mom suggests that we could eat out for a change this weekend.
5. We would rather our daughter had stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
四． 翻译句子
1. 很遗憾你竟错过了昨晚的会议。
________________________________________________________________________
2.如果我们提前定位的话，我们现在就不用一直排队啦。
________________________________________________________________________
3.昨天我们在那个村子里迷路了，否则的话可以游览更多的景点。
________________________________________________________________________
4.我宁愿你立马发信。
________________________________________________________________________
5.没有你的合作，我们不可能工作如此顺利。
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
一．单项选择
BABAD BDBDA
二．单句语法填空
1. be invited 2. go 3. (should) interrupt 4. were 5. Had; caught
三．单句改错
1. closed-close 2.加have 3. had-have 4. could-should 5. 去掉had
四． 翻译句子
1.it is a pity that you should have missed the meeting yesterday.
2. If we had booked a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
3.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.
4. I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
5. But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
1．概念
虚拟语气用来表示假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实
相反。
2．考点：虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
表示虚拟语气的常见标志词：If(only); wish; as if; would rather
三．
例句：
1. If I were a boy, I would join the army.
2. How I wish I were a boy!
3. He looks as if he had done something wrong.
4. I would rather he were here now.
四．分类解析
★ if条件句虚拟
(1) 基本结构（“主情从退”原则）
虚拟情况 从句时态 主句时态
与过去事实相反 had done would /should /could /might + have done
与现在事实相反 did (be 用were) would /should /could /might + do
与将来事实相反 did (be 用were) should + v were to + v would /should /could /might + do
①If I were to meet GD, I would ask for his signature.
②If Typhoon “ NIDA” had landed in Fuzhou yesterday, I would not have had to prepare for my class.
(2) 混合虚拟
①If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.
②You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
（3）倒装式虚拟 (had /were /should).
①Had it not been for your help, we would not have achieved so much.
②Should he make new progress, I would learn from him.
had一定是助动词，否定句的not 不能提前
(4) 含蓄虚拟without, but for
Without air, we could not live on the earth for long.
↓
If there were no air,
(5) 跳层虚拟but, otherwise, or
①I didn’t know his telephone number, otherwise/or I would have telephoned him.
②I would have telephoned him, but I didn’t know his telephone number.
_____真实_____, otherwise/or_____虚拟(主)_____.
_____虚拟(主)_____, but _____真实_____.
〖小结〗
If 条件句
虚拟情况 从句时态 主句时态
与过去事实相反
与现在事实相反
与将来事实相反
★ wish/if only后的从句表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望
虚拟情况 虚拟语气 ( http: / / www. / Article / sub / Index.html )结构
与过去事实相反 had + done
与现在事实相反 did (be 用were )
与将来事实相反 would / could / might / should + v
〖例句〗
I wish I hadn’t wasted so much money.
If only I were a bird.
I wish he would be here tomorrow.
★ as if, as though之后的从句表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望.
虚拟情况 虚拟语气 ( http: / / www. / Article / sub / Index.html )结构
从句动作发生在主句之前 had + done
从句动作与主句同时发生 did (be 用were )
从句动作发生在主句之后 would / could / might / should + v
〖例句〗
He smiled to me as if he knew me.
He smiled to me as if he had known me before.
He smiled to me unfriendly as if he would do something bad to me.
★ would rather之后的从句表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望.
虚拟情况 虚拟语气 ( http: / / www. / Article / sub / Index.html )结构
与过去事实相反 had + done
与现在事实相反 did (be 用were )
与将来事实相反 did (be 用were )
〖例句〗
I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday.
I’d rather you were here now.
We’d rather you went here tomorrow.
should do/be done（现在或将来）
★ (should)+动词原形
should have (been) done（过去）
(1) 在for fear that, in case that, lest后的从句中谓语动词：(should) + v.
He worked hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. 他努力学习以防考试失败。
(2) 表示：坚持insist, 命令order, command, 建议suggest, advise, recommend, 要求ask, demand, request, require的词后跟从句时，从句的谓语动词形式 (should) +v.
基本句型：It is suggested/requested/asked/advised that......
I suggest/insist/command/advise that......
The suggestion/advice/order is that........
I agree with the advice/suggestion/request that......
The teacher advised that he (should) make good use of every minute here.
(3) 在表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此, 多以形容词和名词出现的情况下。
常用句型：It is important/strange/necessary/natural that.....
It is a pity / a shame / no wonder...that.....
It is strange that he should not come.
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam.
insist表示“坚持要求”用虚拟语气，表示“坚持认为”不用虚拟语气。
suggest表示“建议”用虚拟语气，表示“暗示”不用虚拟语气。
易错点：
His parents insist that they (be) not wrong and insist that his son (follow) their advice.
His smile suggested that he (pass) the test.
★ It is (high / about) time that +主语+动词的过去式/ should +动词原形。
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。
It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
〖小结〗
虚拟语气
形式 用法小结：
if条件句
wish/if only
as if/though
would rather
should+v
综合检测
一．单项选择
1. If I ____ where he lived, I ____ a note to him.
A. knew, would B. had known, would have sent
C. know, would send D. knew, would have send
2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she ____ absent from school.
A. were not ill, wouldn't be B. had been ill, wouldn't have been
C. had been ill, should have been D. hadn't been ill, could be
3. Were I to do it, I ________ it some other way.
A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do
4. You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice, you ________ such a mistake.
A. Had you taken, wouldn't have made B. If you had taken, would make
C. Were you lo take, shouldn't have made D. Have you taken, won't have made
5. If only I _________ to the lecture！
A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened
6.—If he_____, he ______ that food.
---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would not have taken
C. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken
7. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _________, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting
9. It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry.
A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make
10. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I it
A. had done B. have done C. did D. am doing
二．单句语法填空
1. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ________(invite) Mr. Li to the party？
2. I insisted that he ________(go) at once.
3. Keep quiet in case you ________(interrupt) him.
4. If Mr. Dewey_____ (be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
5. ________he _____ (catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.
三．单句改错
1. It is important that we closed the window before we leave.
2. I should been to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.
3. Had they known what was coming next, they might had second thoughts.
4. My mom suggests that we could eat out for a change this weekend.
5. We would rather our daughter had stayed at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
四． 翻译句子
1. 很遗憾你竟错过了昨晚的会议。
________________________________________________________________________
2.如果我们提前定位的话，我们现在就不用一直排队啦。
________________________________________________________________________
3.昨天我们在那个村子里迷路了，否则的话可以游览更多的景点。
________________________________________________________________________
4.我宁愿你立马发信。
________________________________________________________________________
5.没有你的合作，我们不可能工作如此顺利。
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
一．单项选择
BABAD BDBDA
二．单句语法填空
1. be invited 2. go 3. (should) interrupt 4. were 5. Had; caught
三．单句改错
1. closed-close 2.加have 3. had-have 4. could-should 5. 去掉had
四． 翻译句子
1.it is a pity that you should have missed the meeting yesterday.
2. If we had booked a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
3.We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.
4. I’d rather you posted the letter right away.
5. But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.