Unit 1 Friendship
重点单词 学生用书P13
分类识记单词 ——
核心单词 记全记牢 用准用活
1.upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt. 使不安；使心烦；打翻2．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视3．calm vt.& vi. (使)平静；(使)镇定adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的4．outdoors adv. 在户外；在野外5．dusk n. 黄昏；傍晚6．partner n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人7．pack vi.& vt. 捆扎；包装；打行李n. 小包；包裹8．teenager n. 十几岁的青少年9．settle vi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解决10．dislike n．& vt. 不喜欢；厌恶11．grateful adj. 感激的；表示谢意的12．tip n. 提示；技巧；尖；尖端；小费 vt. 倾斜；翻倒13．curtain n. 窗帘14．overcoat n. 大衣；外套15．loose adj. 松的；松开的 ◎ 品句填词1．(2020·新高考山东卷)Bernard felt grateful(感激的)to all of them for what they had done for him.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Seeing our fruits of labor were packed(捆扎；包装)and loaded onto the truck，we all felt satisfied.3．(2020·天津卷)The deep，gentle voice helped calm(使镇定)the nervous girl.4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)If you like dancing outdoors(在户外)，come to America.5．I used to dislike(不喜欢)sports activities.Therefore，I often suffered from a cold and behaved poorly in school，which really made me upset.6．As far as I'm concerned，it is not wise for us to be addicted to playing with smartphones because we may ignore(忽视)other important things in life，such as friendship and taking physical exercise.7．(2020·江苏卷)So I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips(tip)for everyday life.8．With all the difficult problems settled(settle)，the boss went abroad for a trip.
拓展单词 1.disagree vi.不同意→agree vi.同意→agreement n．同意；协议2．exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地→exact adj.准确的；精确的3．power n．能力；力量；权力→powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的4．concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n．担心；关注；(利害)关系→concerned adj.担心的；忧虑的→concerning prep.关于；涉及5．suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历→suffering n．折磨；苦难6．entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的→entirely adv.完全地；全然地；整个地7．recover vi.& vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得→recovery n．恢复；复苏；康复8．dusty adj.积满灰尘的→dust n．灰尘 ◎ 用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·浙江卷满分作文)We sincerely wish you a quick recovery(recover)and an early return to China.2．Although a great number of citizens agreed to the plan，others disagreed，so no agreement was reached finally.(agree)3．The entire village was destroyed.It now looks entirely different from the previous one.(entire)4．The old man went through a lot of sufferings in the old days.What's worse，he suffered from heart attack when he was in his eighties.(suffer)5．Our parents are concerned about our health.As far as I'm concerned，we should talk with them and tell them our concerns．(concern)6．After he came into power，he didn't feel he was powerful，but now he feels so powerless that he can't even save his daughter.(power)
阅读单词 1.survey n. 调查；测验 2．loose adj. 松的；松开的 3．vet n. 兽医 4．series n. 连续；系列 5.thunder vi.& n. 打雷；雷鸣；雷；雷声 6．loneliness n. 孤单；寂寞 7．highway n. 公路；大路 8．overcoat n. 大衣；外套 9.suitcase n. 手提箱；衣箱 10．gossip vi.& n. 闲话；闲谈 11．swap vt. 交换 12．item n. 项目；条款
单元主题语块背诵 ——
1．be friendly to 对……友好
2．communicate with 与……交流
3．make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
4．be in harmony with... 与……和谐相处/协调
5．be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好
6．be ready to help others 乐于助人
7．trust each other 互相信任
8．do sb. a favour 帮助某人
9．be loyal to 对……忠诚
10．keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系
11．share happiness and sorrows with sb. 同甘共苦
12．enjoy a harmonious life 享受和谐的生活
13．have a heart to heart talk with sb. 与某人谈心
14．promote friendship with... 增进与……的友谊
15．build up real/true friendship 建立真正的友谊
16．put oneself in one's place 设身处地为他人考虑
17．have a close friendship with sb. 与某人有亲密的友谊
18．maintain a good relationship with sb. 与某人保持良好关系
upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的； vt.使不安；使心烦；打乱(upset，upset; upsetting)
——单句语法填空
①She was upset to_know(know)that her application for the position was refused.
②The other day，all my plans were_upset(upset)by the sudden change of the bad weather.
——词汇升级
You will return to your country soon and that makes me sad.(2019·浙江卷6月满分作文)
→③You will return to your country soon，which_makes_me_upset．(定语从句)
(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事心烦/难过
be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安/难过
(2)What upsets sb.is... 让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb.to do sth./that... 让某人心烦的是…
I am upset that I can't join in the Chinese Calligraphy Exhibition.
＝What upsets me is that I can't join in the Chinese Calligraphy Exhibition.
我不能参加中国书法展览，这使我很难过。
concern vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；n.担心；关注；(利害)关系
——单句语法填空
①The meeting was concerned with reforms and everyone present was concerned for/about their own interests.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)My mom is really concerned(concern)with the health of everyone in our family.
③I'm writing to express my opinion concerning(concern)Chinese customs，which is useful for you to pay a visit to a Chinese friend.
——词汇升级
In my opinion，it is necessary for you to have a good rest，which will provide enough energy for you.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
→④ From_my_point_of_view，it is necessary for you to have a good rest，which will provide enough energy for you.
→⑤ As_far_as_I'm_concerned，it is necessary for you to have a good rest，which will provide enough energy for you.
(1)express concern about/for 对……表示关心
(2)concerned adj. 担心的；关注的；相关的
be concerned about/for 担心……；关心……
be concerned with 与……有关；涉及
as far as...be concerned 就……而言
(3)concerning prep. 关于；有
If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned about its future，you mustn't miss this excellent opportunity！(2018·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
如果你对我们学校的历史感到好奇或者关心学校的未来，你不要错过这次好机会。
“就某人而言”种种表达：
in one's opinion/view
from one's point of view
as far as sb. is concerned
power n．能力；力量；权力；动力
——单句语法填空
①He came to/into power when he was 25 years old and has been in power for 60 years so far.
②(2019·江苏卷)It seems obvious that these have made humankind the most powerful(power)animal on earth.
——一句多译
我坚信我将尽一切努力当好一名合格的志愿者。(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
→③I firmly believed that I will_do_everything_in_my_power to work as a qualified volunteer.(power)
→④I hold the firm belief that I will_do/try_my_best_to_work_as a qualified volunteer.(best)
→⑤I'm convinced that I will_make_an_effort_to_/spare_no_effort_to_work_as a qualified volunteer.(effort)
(1)come into power 掌权； 上台
in one's power 在某人的掌控中
(2)beyond one's power 某人力所不能及
do everything in one's power 尽力而为； 竭尽全力
have the power to do sth. 有能力做某事
(3)powerful adj. 强大的；权力大
As the saying goes，“Knowledge is power.”
俗话说，“知识就是力量。”
表示“竭尽全力做某事”的常用表达还有：
①do/try one's best to do sth.
②make every effort to do sth.
③spare no effort to do sth.
suffer vt.&vi.遭受；忍受；经历
——单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏卷)Later，he worked in Africa，where many people suffered from blindness for lack of proper treatment.
②The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings(suffer)during the war.
——完成句子/句式升级
③He had never suffered_such_a_great_loss(遭受那么大的损失)in his life，so he almost lost the hope for life.
→Not_having_suffered_such_a_great_loss_in_his_life，he almost lost the hope for life.(分词作状语)
(1)suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
suffer from 遭受；患病
(2)suffering n. 痛苦；苦恼；让人痛苦的事
sufferer n. 患难者；患病
The Summer Palace，one of the most famous gardens in the world，suffered severe damage during various periods of wars.
颐和园，世界上最著名的花园之一，在不同时期战争期间遭受了严重的破坏。
settle vi.安家；定居；停留 vt.使定居；安排；解决
——单句语法填空
①In my view，the problems can be_settled(settle)in no time if you double your efforts.
②Having settled into a beautiful village，he settled down to doing(do)his research.
③It is reported that the strikers have reached a settlement(settle)with the employers.
——微写作
④我们一赶到农场，就着手劳动，采摘橘子。(2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
The instant we got to the farm，we settled_down_to_working_and_picking_oranges．
(1)settle in/settle into sth. 适应(新家、工作、环境等)
settle down 定居；平静下来；专心于
settle down to(doing)sth. 着手认真做某事
(2)settler n. 移民；殖民者
settlement n. 解决；协
Mr.and Mrs.Brown would like to see their daughter settle down，get married，and have kids.(2017·天津卷)
布朗夫妇希望看到女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。
短语 settle in/into(适应)中，in为副词，不接宾语；into为介词，接宾语。
recover vi.& vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得；弥补
——单句语法填空
①There is much chance that Bill will recover himself(he)in time for the race.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery(recover).
——微写作
③我真诚地希望你能尽快恢复信心，爱上英语。
I sincerely hope you can_recover_confidence_as_soon_as_possible and fall in love with English.
(1)recover from 从……中恢复
recover oneself 镇定下来
(2)recovery n. 恢复；复苏；痊愈
make a recovery from 从……中恢
If you like，I'd like to go there together with you in August when I have recovered.
如果你愿意，我想在8月份康复后和你一起去。
单词三维练 ——
用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)It's hard to tell exactly(exact)how many people agree with him.
2．(2020·浙江卷7月)The last thing I saw was Don's face，looking calmly(calm)back at me.
3．(2019·天津卷)History is much more than the study of dusty(dust)old objects and events long past.
4．She devoted herself entirely(entire)to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化
1．(2020·天津卷)Thanks to the Silence Machine，a British invention，you can get rid of the sound without upsetting(upset)the boy or his parents.
2．He asked several questions concerning(concern)the future of the company.
3．Even though family members sometimes disagreed(agree)with each other，they worked together to make the business successful.
4．It is hoped that he will make a quick recovery(recover)from his injury as soon as possible.
5．Philip entered the room，hung(hang)his overcoat on a hook behind the door and opened the suitcase.
在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．I'm so grateful to all those volunteers because they gave me a hand when I was in trouble.
2．She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.
3．Some people avoid small talk because they dislike discussing(discuss)things like traffic or weather.
4．In the real world，however，ignoring(ignore)someone you don't like can be difficult.
5．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs，seven to be exact.
短语和句式 学生用书P16
语境记忆短语 ——
记全记牢 用准用活
1.add_up 合计2．calm_down 平静下来；镇定下来3．be_concerned_about 关心；挂念4．go_through 经历；经受5．set_down 放下；记下；登记6．on_purpose 故意7．at_dusk 在黄昏时刻8．a_series_of 一连串的；一系列；一套9．face_to_face 面对面地10．suffer_from 遭受；患病11．pack(sth.)up 将(东西)装箱打包12．fall_in_love_with 与……相爱13．get/be_tired_of 对……厌烦14．get_along_with 与……相处；进展15．join_in 参加，加入16．in_order_to 为了…… ◎ 选用左栏短语填空1．My grandmother went_through a lot in her life，and she used to tell us stories that had happened to her.2．We visited the art gallery last weekend，where we talked with the famous artist face_to_face．3．Setting_down your thoughts and some excellent ideas while you're reading is a good way to accumulate writing materials.4．Although I experienced a_series_of difficulties，I gained a lot—many new friends and the ability to communicate.5．In my opinion，he didn't hurt you on_purpose，so don't blame him any more.6．Now，not only you but also he gets_tired_of having one examination after another.7. (2019·江苏卷)A few months after he had arrived in China，Mr.Smith fell_in_love_with the people and culture there.8．In addition，every student can be in harmony with foreign friends，which makes it easy for you to get_along_with them.
仿写用活句式 ——
◎ 单元句式会写1．句式：“while＋doing”状语从句的省略教材：While_walking_the_dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果它被一辆汽车撞了。2．句式：before引导时间状语从句，意为“在……之后才……”。教材：She and her family hid away for nearly twenty five months before_they_were_discovered．她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。3．句式：“it's...that...”为强调句型。教材：I wonder if it's_because_I_haven't_been_able_to_be_outdoors_for_so_long_that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。4．句式：It is/was the first time that sb.has(have)/had done sth.“某人第一次做某事”。教材：It was the first time in a year and a half that_I'd_seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。 ◎ 单元主题佳句背诵——良好的人际关系与社会交往1．While conflicting with your friend，it is important to keep calm and put yourself in his place.与朋友发生冲突时，重要的是要保持冷静，设身处地为他着想。2．It was a long time before I realized that only by trusting each other can we maintain a good relationship with others.过了很长一段时间，我才意识到只有相互信任才能与他人保持良好的关系。3．It is with the help of my friends that I learn how to get along well with my classmates.正是在朋友的帮助下，我学会了如何与同学相处。4．This is the first time that I have shared my feelings with my friends，which helps strengthen our friendship.这是我第一次和我的朋友分享我的感受，这有助于加强我们的友谊。5．As the saying goes，“A friend in need is a friend indeed.”俗话说：“患难见真情。”6．Now that we all live under one roof，we should learn how to fit in with others.既然我们住在同一屋檐下，我们应该学会如何彼此相处。
add up 合计，加起来；合情理；说得通
——单句语法填空
①Add up all these figures and tell me the result.
②As is known to all，good friends add happiness and value to life.
——微写作
③这部短片一定会加深你对我校发展的进一步了解。(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
The short film will surely add_to_your_further_understanding_of the development of our school.
(1)add sth.to sth. 把……加到/进……里
add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)
add to 增加；增添
(2)in addition 另外
in addition to 除……之
My teacher said I set a good example to all of my classmates，adding that everyone should learn from me.我的老师说我给全班同学树立了好榜样，补充说每个人应向我学习。
go through 经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；用完
——写出下列各句中go through的含义
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I'd appreciate it if you could take some time to go through my application.查阅，浏览
②The plan went through，which made us all happy.通过
③(2017·江苏卷书面表达)However，the film market may go through a slowdown in the near future.经历
④I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang.完成
——微写作
⑤你如果能抽点时间查看一下我们的改编，我们将非常感激。 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
We'd appreciate it if you could spare_some_time_to_go_through_our_adaption．
go against 违背； 违反
go by 逝去； 过去
go on 继续； 进行； 发生
go out 出去； 熄灯
go over 复习； 仔细检查
go up 上涨； 上升； 攀
Our teacher chose many important exercises for us，and I also went over the language points at the same time.
我们的老师为我们选了很多重要的习题，同时我也复习了语言点。
get along/on with 与……相处；进展
——用get短语填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Besides，being an outgoing student，I can get_along_well_with others.
②It's time that I got_down_to thinking about my future.
——微写作
③众所周知，是我们的朋友帮助我们度过难关。
As we all know，it is our friends who_help_us_get_through_difficult_situations．
(1)get along/on well with sb. 与某人相处得好
get along/on well(nicely/smoothly)with sth. 某事进展得好/顺利
(2)get down to(doing)sth. 开始做某事
get over 克服
get through (电话)接通；完成；通过；度过
I hold the firm belief that I can get along smoothly with my work.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
我坚信我能顺利地完成我的工作。
句型公式：状语从句的省略
(教材P1) While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果它被一辆车撞了。
——单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Last but not least，while working(work)as a volunteer for Expo 2010 Shanghai，I accumulated much experience.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)When invited(invite)to your Chinese friend's home，you'd better arrive on time or a little earlier.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Therefore，I can explain the relevant information about Chinese painting if_necessary(如果有必要).
——微写作
④劳动的时候，我意识到炎炎烈日下在农田中劳作是多么的艰难。(2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
While_working，I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun.,
省略句的条件 状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或是代词it
状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略句的形式 省略从句中的主语或it和be动词
In a word，I can introduce Chinese painting to our distinguished guests while offering them guidance.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
总之，我可以向我们的贵宾介绍中国画，同时为他们提供指导。
句型公式：before引导时间状语从句
(教材P2) She and her family hid away for nearly twenty five months before they were discovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现。
——写出下列各句中before的含义
①They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.先于
②(2020·新高考山东卷)Before the film began，each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.在……之前
③John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.(……之后)就……
④As a matter of fact，it was a long time before I knew the truth.(……之后)才……
——微写作
⑤时间过得多快！不知不觉两个月过去了。(2020·7月浙江卷应用文写作)
How time flies！Two weeks has gone by before_we_know_it．,before conj.用来表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。
(2)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。
(3)在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”
If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.
如果你错过这个机会，多年之后你才可能再次得到这样的机会。
“It be＋一段时间＋since”引导状语从句，表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。
短语句式二维练 ——
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．It is the first time that the students have_won(win)the first prize in such a big competition.
2．There was once a time when women had no right to vote.
3．It's no pleasure staying(stay)at home doing homework all day long.
4．Having spent some time in the city，he had no trouble finding(find)the way to History Museum.
5．Then I showed them how to make tea.I sat at a table，explaining every step of the process while making(make)tea.
6．I find it hard to recover my lost wallet after so many days，which makes me upset.
7．Like most teenagers，I am crazy about football and never get tired of rock music.
8．(2019·天津卷)A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is properly established.
1．正是通过这次摘水果的经历，我认识到了“一分耕耘，一分收获”这句名言。 (2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
It_was_through_this_fruit picking_experience_that I realized the famous saying “No pains，no gains”．(强调句型)
2．如果你们两个人要同住一间房，你们最好学会如何融洽相处。
If you two are going to share a room，you'd better learn how_to_get_along_well_with_each_other．
3．If you are interested in it，you can send an email to 123456@ .
→If_interested_in_it，you can send an email to 123456@ .(省略句)
4．如果在你方便时能给我如何解决这个问题的建议我将感激不尽。
①I_would_be_very_grateful_if you could give me some tips on how to solve the problem at your convenience.
②I'd_appreciate_it_if you could give me some advice on how to solve the problem at your convenience.
维度1 生词生义
1．(2020·江苏卷阅读D)We did not speak the local language，did not know the customs，and more often than not，did not entirely recognize the food.adv.完全地
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)In one study，Dr.Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents，scoring the least liked，the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys.n.调查研究
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读A)Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co author of the This Book Will series of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.n.系列
维度2 熟词生义
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.n.物品
2．(2020·7月浙江卷阅读A)The curtains are about to open，and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.n.幕，帷幕
3．(2015·浙江卷)The evening walk was a time to shake off the day's upsets and let the worry tracks in my head go to white noise.n.让人心烦意乱的事情
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom来信说因和朋友产生分歧，而感到不快。请你给他回信，内容包括：
①表示理解并给予安慰；②提出具体的建议。
Dear Tom，
Learning that you and your friend have had a series of disagreements，1.I'm_concerned_about_it(我对此感到担心).However，2.there_is_no_need_for_you_to_get_upset(没有必要难过)，as people often have different views on things，which can lead to disagreements.
To begin with，3.you_should_calm_down_to_get_the_disagreements_settled(你应该平静下来解决这些分歧).Secondly，4.whenever_possible(无论何时可能的话，状语从句省略)，communicating with him face to face is a great way to clear up the misunderstanding between you.As far as I'm concerned，it is putting yourself into his shoes that 5.can_help_you_get_along_well_with_your_friend(有助于与你的朋友相处).
I hope you will find my tips helpful and wish you a happier time at school.
Yours，
Li Hua
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17Unit 2 English around the world
重点单词
分类识记单词 ——
核心单词 记全记牢 用准用活
1.official adj. 官方的；正式的；公务的n. 官员；公务员2．voyage n. 航行，航海3．native adj. 本国的；本地的n. 本地人；本国人4．base vt. 以……为根据n. 基部；基地；基础5．vocabulary n. 词汇；词汇量；词表6．spelling n. 拼写；拼法7．command n．& vt. 命令；指令；掌握8．request n．& vt. 请求；要求9．accent n. 口音，腔调10．straight adv. 直接；挺直adj. 直的；笔直的；正直的 ◎ 品句填词1．If you want to improve your reading skill，you should have a large vocabulary(词汇量)first.2．You can find many chances to speak English with the native(本地的)speakers.3．Go straight(直接地)down the road until you come to the English language school.4．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)But our insisting it's merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests(request)to open the door.5．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ) Official(office)reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325，000 in 2001 to 419，000 in 2013.
拓展单词 1.actually adv.实际上；事实上→actual adj.实际的2．gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地3．recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认→recognition n．承认；识别4．latter adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的→late adj.迟的；晚的→latest adj.最新的；最近的5．fluent adj.流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；流畅地→fluency n流利，流畅6．frequent adj.频繁的；常见的→frequently adv.常常；频繁地7．expression n．词语；表示；表达→express vt.表示；表达 n．快车；快递8．usage n．使用；用法；词语惯用法→use vt.使用 n．用途→useful adj.有用的→useless adj.无用的 ◎ 用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·天津卷)For the first time in my life，I actually(actual)felt cool.2．(2020·天津卷)This can be useful(use)for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to attract customers.3．The puzzled expression on her face suggested that she didn't know how she could express her feelings properly.(express)4．As is known to all，education is a gradual process，and people are gradually aware of its importance.(gradual)5．He had changed so much that you couldn't recognize him.As a matter of fact，illness and age changed him beyond recognition．(recognize)6．Frequently going out may result in frequent absence from classes，which will influence their studies.(frequent)
阅读单词 1.subway n. 地下人行道；地铁2．elevator n. 电梯；升降机3．petrol n. 汽油4．conquer vt. 征服；占领5．apartment n. 公寓住宅；单元住宅 6.enrich vt. 使富裕；充实7．identity n. 本身；本体；身份8．dialect n. 方言9．eastern adj. 东方的，朝东的10．lightning n. 闪电，雷电 11.usage n. 使用；用法12．accent n. 口音；腔调；重音13．lorry n. 〈英〉卡车14．block n. 街区；块；木块；石块15．cab n. 出租车
单元主题语块背诵 ——
1．have a good command of English 精通英语
2．form the habit of reading 养成阅读习惯
3．broaden one's horizons 开阔视野
4．make great progress in 在……取得很大进步
5．refer to/consult a dictionary 查字典
6．enlarge/expand one's vocabulary 扩大词汇量
7．give sb. some advice on how to learn English
给一些如何学习英语的建议
8．go over one's lessons 复习功课
9．learn...by heart 把……记住
10．take part in English Corner 参加英语角
11．language barrier 语言障碍
12．have a large vocabulary 词汇量大
base vt.以……为根据；n.基部；基地；基础
——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)The play is_based(base)on a love story between Niulang and Zhinü.
②(2018·北京卷书面表达)You'd better learn some basic(base)Chinese before you studying for a degree in a Chinese culture.
——句式升级
③The novel was based on an interesting story and it was well worth reading.
→Based_on_an_interesting_story，the novel was well worth reading.(分词作状语)
→The novel based_on_an_interesting_story was very worth reading.(分词作定语)
(1)base...on/upon... 把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础；依据……
(2)basic adj. 基本的；基础的
basis n. 基础；根
Just as the saying goes，“One tree doesn't make a forest”，our success is based on cooperating with others.
常言道，“独木不成林”。我们的成功建立在与他人合作的基础上。
command n．[C]命令，指令；[U]掌握；vt.命令；指挥，支配；博得，赢得；掌握
——单句语法填空/句型转换
①I'm at your command—what would you like me to do
②Time was limited.The boss commanded us to_finish(finish)the work as scheduled.
→Time was limited.The boss commanded that we should_finish(finish)the work as scheduled.
——一句多译
精通英语使我有信心成为中国和英国之间交往的桥梁。(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
③Having_a_good_knowledge_of_English gives me confidence to serve as a bridge between China and Britain.
④ Having_a_good_command_of_English gives me confidence to serve as a bridge between China and Britain.
(1)at sb. 's command 受某人支配
take command of 控制
have a good command of 掌握；精通
(2)command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that...(should)do sth. 命令……做某
A foreigner can't have a good command of Chinese unless he overcomes the cultural barriers in learning Chinese.外国人在汉语学习中，只有克服文化障碍才能很好地掌握汉语。
表示“精通某事”的常用表达：
(1)have a good command of
(2)have a good knowledge of
(3)be good at
request n．& vt.请求；要求
——单句语法填空
①At the request of you，I am writing to tell you some ways to learn Chinese well.
②The headmaster requested us to_behave(behave)ourselves well at school and he also made a request that we should_make(make)full preparations for the coming final examination.
③In our school，all the students are_requested(request)to wear school uniforms on weekends.
——微写作
④我的目标是让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国。如果你能同意我的请求，我将不胜感激。(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
My aim is to let China go to the world and let the world understand China.I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_agree_to_my_request．
(1)make a request for 请求；要求
at one's request 应某人的要求
(2)request sb.to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事
request that...(should)do sth. 请求/要求……做某
If you want to apply for membership，you are requested to fill in the application.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)
如果你想申请成为队员，你需要填申请表。
后面跟从句时，从句中的谓语动词用(should)＋do形式的动词有：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order，command
三建议：suggest，advise，recommend
四要求：demand，request，require，desire
再加一个敦促：urge
recognize vt.辨认出；承认；公认
——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)China's image is improving steadily，with more countries recognizing(recognize)its role in international affairs.
②The city has been built up so fast that it has changed beyond recognition(recognize).
——微写作
③钟南山被公认为中国医学领域最伟大的科学家之一。
Zhong Nanshan is_recognized_as one of the most greatest scientist in the field of medicine in China.
(1)be recognized to be/as... 被认为是……
It is recognized that... 人们公认……
(2)recognition n. 认出；认识
beyond recognition 认不出
It is recognized that nothing is more important than clean water and green hills.
人们一致认为绿水青山最重要。
“被认为是……”荟萃：
be regarded as；be considered as；be thought of as
单词三维练 ——
用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Fields of flowers，tile roofed(瓦屋顶)villages and tasty meals enrich(rich)this wonderful experience.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)However，within a few years，street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern(east)cities.
3．(2018·浙江卷书面表达)And I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my view as well as improve my spoken(speak)English.
4．Our every emotion and mood can be effectively conveyed with the use of facial expressions(express)and body language.
5．Chinese traditional medicine is being gradually(gradual)recognized by foreigners，while it still has a long way to go.
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化
1．His speech was frequently(frequent)interrupted by stormy applause.
2．When seeing the highway entirely blocked(block)with snow，we decided to spend the holiday at home.
3．My hometown has changed beyond recognition(recognize)since I was last here.
4．(2019·北京卷)A lot of business is still done over the phone，and much of it is_based(base)on trust and existing relationships.
在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．Most kinds of rose plants come from Asia.But roses are also native to other areas including northwest Africa，Europe and the United States.
2．It was at the request of my friends that I decided to help her go through the paper.
3．The German official commanded us to_settle(settle)the problem as soon as possible.
4．I have two good friends，Mary and Lily.The former is good at dancing，and the latter can speak Danish fluently.
短语和句式
语境记忆短语 ——
记全记牢 用准用活
1.more_than 超过；非常；不只是；不仅是2．come_up 走近；上来；提出3．be_based_on 以……为基础4．believe_it_or_not 信不信由你5．play_a_part(in) 扮演一个角色；参与6．because_of 因为；由于7．such_as 例如；诸如8．make_use_of 利用；使用9．at_present 现在；目前 10．the_number_of ……的数量 ◎ 选用左栏短语填空1．Many of our former football players have attended good colleges for free because_of their excellent skills.2．At_present，more than forty countries in the world grow tea，with Asian countries producing 90% of the world's total output.3．Although students can make_good_use_of the Internet to study，it's hard to prevent them from using the Internet for recreation.4．There is no denying that music plays_an_important_part_in our daily life.5．Many questions about how to learn English came_up at the meeting.6．Believe_it_or_not，the eleven year old girl has held her second art exhibition.
仿写用活句式 ——
◎ 单元句式会写1．句式：even if＝even though意为“即使；尽管”，引导让步状语从句教材：Native English speakers can understand each other even_if_they_don't_speak the same kind of English.以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。2．句式：more...than...“与其说……倒不如说……”教材：It was based more_on_German_than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。3．句式：no such...as“没有这样的……”教材：Believe it or not，there is no_such_thing_as_standard_English．信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。4．句式：This/That is because...这/那是因为……教材：This_is_because in the early days of radio，those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员英语说得很好。 ◎ 单元主题佳句背诵——语言学习的规律、方法等1．Our teacher inspires his students to give their opinions actively in class even if they are different from his own.老师鼓励学生们在课堂上积极地发表自己的看法，即使看法与他的不同。2．I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me，saying that I was more diligent than clever.我的英语取得很大进步，老师表扬了我，说与其说我聪明倒不如说我勤奋。3．There is no such thing as failure.Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction.没有所谓的失败。失败只是生活想让我们换个方向。4．You should spare no effort to read China Daily，and that's because it can help you increase your interest in Chinese.你应该不遗余力地阅读《中国日报》，因为它可以帮助你提高对汉语的兴趣。5．With the world becoming a global village，English is getting more and more important.So having a good command of English means we can see the world through a new window.随着世界变成地球村，英语越来越重要，因此，掌握英语意味着通过一个新窗口看世界。
come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；(被)提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起
——写出下列各句中come up的含义
①The student came up to his teacher and asked for advice.走近
②The plan of protecting the environment came up at the meeting last year.提出
③Spring is coming，and the grass on the ground begins to come up.发芽
④I'd love to attend your party，but something unexpected has come up.发生
——词汇/句式升级
⑤A good plan was put forward at the meeting yesterday，and it attracted many people's attention.
→A good plan came_up at the meeting yesterday，attracting_many_people's_attention．(分词作状语)
come up with 想出；提出
come across (偶然)遇见；发现；被理解
come to 总计；达到
when it comes to... 当谈到…
When it comes to my favorite sports event，I must say that ping pong appeals to me.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)
说到我最喜欢的运动项目，我必须说乒乓球吸引了我。
(1)come up的主语是物，表示(计划、建议、议题等)被提出；
(2)come up with/put forward主语是人或团体组织，表示(某人)提出。
make use of 利用；使用
——单句语法填空
①Now most of the students are trying to make the best use of every minute to_prepare(prepare)for the coming exam.
②It's no use trying(try)to persuade him to have a holiday because he is facing a challenge.
——词汇/句式升级
③We must make full use of every minute to go over our lessons，as the final examination is drawing near.
→With_the_final_examination_approaching，we must make_the_best_of/make_the_most_of/take_full_advantage_of every minute to go over our lessons.(with复合结构)
(1)make full/good use of 充分利用
make the best/most of 充分利用
take(full)advantage of (充分)利用
(2)be of great use 很有用
It's no use doing sth. 做某事是没有用
We students as well as our teachers make good use of the gymnasium to do sports after class every day.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)
每天下课后，我们学生和老师都充分利用这个体育馆做运动。
句型公式：more...than...与其说……倒不如说……
(教材P10) It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多是以德语为基础，而不是我们今天所说的英语。
——单句语法填空/补全句子
①(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Orange trees are more than decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.
②As far as I know，she_was_more_sad_than_angry(与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心)when her son lied.
——词汇升级
③On the coming of age ceremony you mentioned in your letter，I'm very glad to share the details with you as follows.(2020·天津卷满分作文)
→On the coming of age ceremony you mentioned in your letter，I'm more_than_delighted to share the details with you as follows.
(1)more...than... 与其说……倒不如说……
(2)more than＋数词或从句 超过……
more than＋形容词 非常……
more than＋名词 不只是；不仅是
(3)no more than 只不过；仅仅
not more than 不超过；至
Paper cutting is a traditional art form in China with a history of more than 1，500 years.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
剪纸是中国的一种传统艺术形式，已有1500多年的历史。
句型公式：no such＋单数名词，意为“没有这样的……”
(教材P13) Believe it or not，there is no such thing as standard English.信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
——对比填空(that/as)
①It is from this activity that I get to know there is no such thing as a perfect thing.
②It's such a difficult problem as we can't work out.
③It's such a difficult problem that we can't work it out.
④There is no such wise person as you said in the world.
——微写作
⑤众所周知，世界上没有免费的午餐。
As we know，there's no_such_thing_as_a_free_lunch in the world.
He is such a good professor that everyone respects him.
他是一个如此好的教授，以至于每个人都尊敬他。
短语句式二维练 ——
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．(2020·浙江卷7月)Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，making(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
2．It was more her hard work than her cleverness that led to her success.
3．As is reported，the number of visitors to Hainan has_increased(increase)sharply during the last two months.
4．He is a good teacher of my life and would do anything for me.That's why my father is my hero.
5．My hometown has changed greatly since ten years ago，and it no longer looks the same as it used to be.
1．我将充分利用这次机会练习我的口语技能，以获得更多的经验。(2018·浙江6月卷满分作文)
I will make_full_use_of_this_opportunity_to_practise my speaking skills and get more experience.
2．对中国人来说，想把英语说得像以英语作为母语的人一样好，并不是件容易的事。
It is not easy for a Chinese person to_speak_English as well as a native English speaker.
3．The book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.
→The book is written in such_easy_English_that beginners can understand it.(结果状语从句)
4．When I heard what the headmaster said，I was very glad and my heart beat wildly.
→Hearing_what_the_headmaster_said，I was very glad and my heart beat wildly.(分词作状语)
维度1 生词生义
1．(2020·天津卷阅读表达)I'm Tyson's little brother，but that's only part of my identity.n.身份
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Higher income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently，and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.adv.频繁地，经常地
3．(2019·北京卷)Beijing，Tianjin and Shanghai all have the excellent subway systems which can take you everywhere in the city.n.地铁
维度2 熟词生义
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.v.常去，常到
2．(2019·浙江卷概要写作)We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal.vt.认可，赞赏
3．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters，giving way to lands of low growing plants.n.基地
4．(2019·北京卷)You can book the grand hotel commanding the whole wonderful view of the city.vt.俯瞰
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假设你是李华，你的朋友Tom来信说他在学习汉语时遇到许多困惑，向你求助如何学好汉语的建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
①汉语的重要性；②提出具体的建议。
Dear Tom，
At present，there are many foreigners learning Chinese，because China 1.is_playing_an_important_part_in_the_world(在世界上起着重要的作用).It is with a good command of Chinese that you will get a better understanding of China，a country of more than 5，000 years.
As for the advice on learning Chinese，I would say 2.there_is_no_such_thing_as_a_free_lunch_in_the_world(世界上没有免费的午餐).Therefore，speaking Chinese fluently should 3.be_based_on_hard_work(以努力工作为基础).To begin with，4.make_good_use_of_every_opportunity(充分利用每一个机会)to practice Chinese—the more you use Chinese，the better you will learn it.Most importantly，5.even_if_many_problems_may_come_up(即使可能会出现许多问题)in learning Chinese，you should not give up.
Yours，
Li Hua
[友情提示] 每道习题都是一个高考点，每项训练都是对能力的检验，认真对待它们吧！进入“高考提能练(二)”，去收获希望，体验成功！本栏目内容以活页形式分册装订！
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14Unit 3 Travel journal
重点单词
分类识记单词 ——
核心单词 记全记牢 用准用活
1.journal n. 日记；杂志；定期刊物2．stubborn adj. 顽固的；固执的3．transport n. 运送；运输vt. 运输；运送4．flow vi. 流动；流出n. 流动；流量5．persuade vt. 说服；劝说6．schedule n. 时间表；进度表vt. 为某事安排时间7．fond adj. 喜爱的；慈爱的；宠爱的8．shortcoming n. 缺点9．journey n. 旅行；旅程10．bend n. 弯；拐角vt. 使弯曲vi. 弯身；弯腰11．attitude n. 态度；看法12．boil vi. (指液体)沸腾；(水)开13．forecast n．& vt. 预测；预报14．pace vi. 缓慢而行；踱步n. 一步；速度；步调15．view n. 风景；视野；观点；见解 ◎ 品句填词1. (2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)On the way to the farm，fantastic scenery came into view (视野).2．It is difficult for the old to keep up with the rapid pace(步伐)of the change.3．More and more young people are fond(喜爱的)of playing tennis nowadays.4．It is not your intelligence but your attitude(态度)towards life that determines your success.5．The little girl is so stubborn(固执的)that nobody can persuade her to change her mind.6．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)We are often ashamed of our shortcomings(shortcoming)，our mistakes and our failures.7．(2018·天津卷书面表达)The world Adolescent Robotics Competition is scheduled(schedule)to be held at the end of July in Tianjin.8．The supplies were transported(transport)to the local people immediately the earthquake happened.9．I bent(弯腰)down and so did he，and as a result，we bumped together and fell down.
拓展单词 1.disadvantage n．不利条件；不便之处→advantage(反义词)有利条件；优势2．graduate vi.毕业 n．大学毕业生→graduation n．毕业；毕业典礼3．organize vt.组织；成立→organizer n．组织者→organization n．组织→organized adj.有组织的4．determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的→determination n．决心5．reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的→rely vi.依靠；依赖6．prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)→preference n．偏爱；爱好7．finally adv.最后；终于→final adj.最后的，最终的8．detail n．细节；详情→detailed adj.详细的；详尽的 ◎ 用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·天津卷)I made up my mind to follow their examples to take my own responsibility to be a reliable(rely)person in the future.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)One non profit organization(organize)，which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment，is keeping tabs on more than 2，000 productions this year.3．My brother is a graduate in physics and he graduated from Beijing University.He has been working in a famous company since graduation．(graduate)4．She is a determined girl，so we know that once she has determined to do something，she will achieve her goal with great determination．(determine)5．A teacher should not show preference for any one of his pupils，but most teachers prefer to make friends with the polite students.(prefer)
阅读单词 1.fare n. 费用 2．route n. 路线；路途 3．cycle vi. 骑自行车 4．parcel n. 小包；包裹 5．source n. 来源；水源 6.valley n. (山)谷；流域 7．waterfall n. 瀑布 8．insurance n. 保险 9．wool n. 羊毛；毛织品 10．pillow n. 枕头；枕垫 11.flame n. 火焰；光芒；热情 12．beneath prep. 在……下面 13．temple n. 庙宇；寺庙 14．cave n. 洞穴；地窖 15．altitude n. 海拔高度；高处
单元主题语块背诵 ——
1．a place of interest 名胜
2．have a good trip 旅行顺利
3．get close to nature 接近大自然
4．go on a trip 去旅行
5．admire the natural scenery 欣赏自然风景
6．free of charge 不收费
7．a dream trip 梦想之旅
8．an interesting experience 一次有趣的经历
9．one of the most famous tourist attractions
最著名的旅游景点之一
10．attract tens of thousands of visitors from home and abroad
吸引成千上万的国内外游客
11．make your visit enjoyable 使旅途愉快
12．wish sb.a good journey 祝某人旅途愉快
13．make a reservation 预订
14．admission charges 入场费
15．fantastic mountain scenery 迷人的山景
16．a sightseeing tour 观光旅游
prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物(而不选择其他事物)(preferred；preferred；preferring)
——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷满分作文)I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month.
②Nowadays many children prefer surfing the Internet at home to taking(take)exercise outdoors.
③(2019·天津卷书面表达)Several reasons may account for my preference(prefer)for western painting.
——一句多译
孩子们宁可骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整天待在家里。
④The children preferred cycling to the countryside to staying indoors all day.
⑤The children preferred to cycle to the countryside rather_than_stay indoors all day.
⑥The children would_rather_cycle to the countryside than stay indoors all day.
The reason why I prefer the classical music is that it always reminds me of the splendid Chinese traditional cultures.(2019·天津卷满分作文)
我之所以喜欢古典音乐，是因为它总是让我想起灿烂的中国传统文化。
prefer不用于进行时；不可与比较级连用。
persuade vt.说服；劝说
——单句语法填空/对比填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)I do know how upset the shop staff can get，but I try to persuade them to_keep(keep)smiling.
②While shopping，people sometimes can't help being_persuaded(persuade)into buying something they don't really need.
③Though I had advised her for many times，I couldn't persuade her to go abroad with me because her life experience had persuaded her that she could not live on without her parents.(persuade/advise)
——微写作
④在被说服改变态度之后，我终于找到了正确的方法来改掉粗心大意的毛病，也获得了信心。
Having_been_persuaded_to_change_my_attitude，I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well.
I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.
我设法说服我的同学们接受我的想法。
——微写作
④在被说服改变态度之后，我终于找到了正确的方法来改掉粗心大意的毛病，也获得了信心。
Having been persuaded to change my attitude，I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well.
determine vt.决定；确定；下定决心
——单句语法填空
①I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
②The determined(determine)look on his face showed that he had enough confidence in himself.
③(2020·新高考山东卷)Write a poem about how courage，determination(determine)，and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
——句式升级
④I'm determined to perform well in the final exam，so I'm occupied in preparing for it.(2017·天津卷满分作文)
→Determined_to_perform_well_in_the_final_exam，I'm occupied in preparing for it.(分词作状语)
(1)determine on/upon 决定
determine to do sth. 决定做某事(表示动作)
(2)determined adj. 坚决的；有决心的
be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(表示状态)
(3)determination n. 决
As a student in senior high school，the most important task is to study hard，which determines our future.
作为一名高中生，最重要的任务是努力学习，这决定着我们的未来。
过去分词作状语的短语：be lost in，be caught in，be absorbed in等。
view n．风景；视野；观点，看法；见解；vt.观看；注视；考虑
——写出下列句中view的词性及含义
①In my view，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze River，the longest river in China and one of the mother rivers of Chinese civilization.n.观点；见解
②I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends，where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.n.风景
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C.vt.观看
——词汇/句式升级
④We stand on the top of Mount Tai.We are able to see the beautiful scenery of the whole city.
→Standing_on_the_top_of_Mount_Tai，we are able to have_a_good_view_of the beautiful scenery of the whole city.(分词作状语＋升级加黑词汇)
(1)come into view 进入视野；看得见
(2)in one's view/opinion 在某人看来
have a good view of 清楚看到
(3)view...as... 把……看作…
When we stood on the top of the mountain，the whole city came into our view.
我们站在山顶时，整个城市尽收眼底。
就某人看来表达如下：
in one's view
in one's opinion
from one's point of view
as far as sb.is concerned
单词三维练 ——
用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换
1．(2020·新高考山东卷)After graduation(graduate)，she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
2．(2019·北京卷)With her talent and determination(determine)，it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.
3．One of the disadvantages(advantage)of online shopping is that our information is known to other people.
4．Finally(final)，I'd like to express my sincere thanks to those who helped me make the conference such a great success.
5．The official shared with us a detailed(detail)description of his voyages.
6．Believe it or not，I have a preference(prefer)for the book bought in the shop.
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化
1．The activities，organized(organize)by the Students' Union，have benefited a lot of students.
2．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people are_persuaded(persuade)to eat more fruit and vegetables.
3．His mother reminded him to drink the boiled(boil)water and more milk.
4．He preferred(prefer)black coffee while the girl liked to drink milk coffee.
5．The meeting scheduled(schedule)for Friday afternoon will solve a number of problems.
6．Actually，it's here that the river flows(flow)down into the ocean.
在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．(2019·北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend.
2．So my classmates and I have determined to_organize(organize)some wonderful singing and dancing performances for them，which will last about one hour.
3．These days we rely heavily on computers to_help(help)us understand the local dialect.
4．My daughter has a good command of English and will graduate from college next week.
短语和句式
语境记忆短语 ——
记全记牢 用准用活
1.ever_since 自从；自……以后2．be_fond_of 喜爱；喜欢3．care_about 关心；忧虑；惦念4．graduate_from... 毕业于……5．make_up_one's_mind 下决心；决定6．give_in 投降；屈服；让步7．as_usual 照常8．at_midnight 在午夜9．put_up 张贴；搭建10．dream_about/of 梦想 ◎ 选用左栏短语填空1．Knowing that you are_fond_of classical music，I'd like to invite you to join me and welcome you to show your performance.2．Once she has made_up_her_mind，nothing can change it and I have no choice but to give_in．3．She is very selfish.She only thinks of herself and doesn't care_about others，so she is not popular with others.4．Before graduating_from Peking University，Tom has determined to work in the west of China.5．We have been good friends ever_since we met for the first time at school.
仿写用活句式 ——
◎ 单元句式会写1．句式：insist that...(should)do sth.坚持主张……做某事教材：Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places，she insisted that she_organize_the_trip_properly．尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。2．句式：“主语＋be＋ adj.＋to do”结构教材：When I told her the_air_would_be_hard_to_breathe and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气呼吸起来会困难而且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。3．句式：can hardly/can't wait to do sth. “迫不及待地要做某事”教材：We can_hardly_wait_to_see them!我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！4．句式：no matter how/who/where...引导让步状语从句。教材：A determined person always tries to finish the job，no_matter_how_hard_it_is．一个意志力坚强的人总是努力完成工作，不管它有多么艰难。 ◎ 单元主题佳句背诵——旅游1．I insist that you should begin from Beijing，and I will show you around.我坚持认为你应该从北京开始，而且我会带你四处看看。2．Although the steep mountain is hard to climb，we can get a good view of the surrounding scenery once we stand on the top of it.虽然陡峭的山很难爬，但一旦我们站在山顶上，我们对周围的环境一览无余。3．Knowing that you are coming to China and will stay here for one year，I am so excited that I can't wait to see you.得知你要来中国并将在中国待一年，我很兴奋以至于迫不及待地要见到你。4．No matter which tourist attraction you visit，you'd better enjoy various local food，local cultures and customs.无论你参观哪个旅游景点，你最好去吃各种当地小吃，体验当地的文化和风俗。5．Sichuan is not only the birthplace of Ba Shu culture，but also has many places of interest，where you can enjoy yourself to the full degree.四川不仅是巴蜀文化的发源地而且景点众多，在四川你可以尽情游玩。
care about 关心；忧虑；惦念；在乎
——对比填空(care about，care for)
①I don't care_about the price，so long as the car is in good condition.
②He was very grateful to the nurses who had cared_for him.
——微写作
③我的老师关心我，为我将来的职业生涯做准备。(2019·天津卷书面表达)
My teacher cares_about me and prepares me for my future career.
(1)care for 喜欢；照料
(2)take care 当心
take care of 照料；处理
with care 小心；慎
First of all，I will have a warm family where the members will love each other and care about each other.
首先，我有一个温暖的家庭，在这个家庭中我们互相爱护、互相关心。
make up one's mind下决心；决定
——单句语法填空/补全句子
①I made up my mind to_study(study)harder rather than waste precious time on those useless things.
②With so much noise around，the boy could not fix his mind on/upon what he was doing at all.
——词汇升级
③First of all，remember that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
→First of all，bear/keep_in_mind that you had better arrive punctually or some time earlier than the appointed time.
change one's mind 改变主意
bear/keep...in mind 记住……
fix one's mind on/upon 将注意力集中于……
read one's mind 看出某人的心
After a heated discussion，we made up our minds to record our experiences at school.(2017·北京卷书面表达)
经过激烈的讨论，我们下定决心录制在校的一些活动经历。
make up one's mind中的名词mind有数的变化，根据one's的单复数来确定mind的单复数。
give in屈服；投降；让步；上交
——用give短语填空
①The children were required to give_in their examination papers immediately.
②After two days our food gave_out，and we had to return to the camp.
③Jane tried to keep up a calm appearance，but her trembling voice gave her away．
④The rotting bananas are giving_off a bad smell，so you'd better throw them away.
——微写作
⑤那个周末，我们去了附近的一个社区，捐赠给那里的人们许多钱。
That weekend，we went to a nearby neighborhood and gave_away_a_lot_of_money_to_the_people_there．
give away 分发；赠送；泄露
give back 归还
give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)
give out 分发；用完；耗尽
give up 放弃；停
The Chinese people will never give in to any disaster no matter what it is and no matter where it is from.
中华民族从不会向任何灾难屈服，不论它是什么也不论它来自何方。
give in作“让步；投降”讲时，为不及物动词，其后需加介词to再接宾语。
句型公式：insist that...(should)do sth.坚持主张……(应该)做某事
(教材P18) Although she didn't know the best way of getting to places，she insisted that she organize the trip properly.尽管她对去某些地方的最佳路线并不清楚，她却坚持要自己把这次旅行安排得尽善尽美。
——单句语法填空/补全句子
①His friends insisted that they had(have)no connection with the accident and that they should_be_set(set)free.
②The teacher insisted that every minute (should)be_made(make)full use of to do the work well.
③She insisted_on_participating_in_the_activity(坚持参与活动)the other day with us.
——微写作
④学生会坚持要求每个参加者都要按时到达学校礼堂。(2019·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)
The Student Union insists that every_participant_should_arrive_at the school hall on schedule.,(1)insist(坚持说/认为)that...，从句用陈述语气。
(2)insist(坚决要求/主张)that sb.(should)do...，从句用虚拟语气。
(3)insist on doing sth.意为“坚持做某事”
As we all know，China has always insisted that all countries，big or small，should be equal.
众所周知，中国历来主张国家不分大小，应该一律平等。
insist/suggest 跟宾语从句是否用(should＋)do sth.分清含义是关键。
句型公式：“主语＋be＋ adj.＋to do”结构
(教材P18) When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold，she said it would be an interesting experience.当我告诉她那里空气稀薄、呼吸困难且天气很冷时，她却说这将是一次有趣的经历。
——单句语法填空/补全句子
①Today's homework was easy to_do(do)，so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.
②I'm afraid we'll have to work extra hours，for some problems are_hard_to_settle(很难解决).
——句式升级
③Last but not least，I am warm hearted and easy going.I'm easy to get along with.
→Last but not least，I am so_warm hearted_and_easy going_that_I'm_easy_to_get_along_with．(so...that...句型)
句型 主语＋be＋ adj.＋to do
特点 常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
使用条件 常用的形容词有difficult，hard，easy，comfortable，pleasant，interesting，exciting等
不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系
Among the four seasons in a year，summer is my favorite.The morning air is so good to breathe.
在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的。早晨的空气呼吸起来感觉如此美好。
短语句式二维练 ——
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The volleyball game is scheduled to take place in our school stadium on November 22nd and a number of students can't wait to_join(join)in the competition.
2．He insisted that we (should)change(change)our schedule，though no one really agreed with him.
3．On weekends，they always drive to the seaside，where they put up their tents to enjoy the sunlight.
4．It was her mother who/that gave her much help and encouragement when she was in trouble.
1．通过建立家庭博客，无论在哪里我们都能便利地分享我们的经历。
By setting up a family blog，we can conveniently share our experiences，no_matter_where_we_are．
2．从那时起，数学就成为我特别喜爱的学科之一，而且我在数学上进步也很快。
Ever since then，maths_has_become_one_of_my_favorite_subjects，and I have also made rapid progress in maths.
3．一旦你更好地了解了中国餐桌礼仪，你就知道在晚宴上做什么。(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
Once_you_have_a_better_understanding_of_the_Chinese_table_manners，you will know what to do at the dinner party.
4．你们是如此的善良和体贴，无论你们在哪里，我们都希望和你们成为朋友。
You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you no_matter_where_you_are．
5．这段经历告诉我，我们也应该关心每件小事，因为它们使我们的成功成为可能。
This experience has taught me that，we should also care_about_every_small_thing，because they are what make our success possible.
6．Thinking of my dream that I would become a teacher in the future，I decided to take the exam again.
→Thinking of my dream that I would become a teacher in the future，I made_up_my_mind to take the exam again.
维度1 生词生义
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.n.海拔高度；高处
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.n.瀑布
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读A)Highlights(精彩之处)include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills，waterways and peaceful temples.n.庙宇；寺庙
维度2 熟词生义
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.vt.为某事安排时间
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Thus，the keyboard can determine people's identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.vt.确定
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C.vt.观赏
4．The driver slowed down at a tight bend in the road.n.(道路/河流的)弯曲处
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
你的英国朋友Jim所在的学校要组织学生来中国旅行，有两条路线可以选择：“长江之行”或者“泰山之旅”。Jim来信希望你能给些建议。请你给他回信，内容包括：
①你建议的路线；②你的理由；③你的祝愿。
Dear Jim，
I'm delighted to learn that you 1.have_dreamt_about/of_visiting_China(梦想过访问中国)ever since graduation and that you have 2.made_up_your_mind_to_come_to_China(你决定来中国).Excited about your coming，I 3.can_hardly_wait_to_give_you_some_suggestions(迫不及待地想给你一些建议).
Personally，I prefer the tour along the Yangtze to the trip to Mountain Tai.To begin with，it is through the trip to the Yangtze that you will have a good knowledge of the history of China and its people.More importantly，the views along the river are not only very attractive but also the air 4.is_fresh_to_breathe(呼吸起来新鲜).Therefore，I insist 5.the_trip_along_the_Yangtze_is_a_better_choice(沿长江旅行是更好的选择).
Yours，
Li Hua
[友情提示] 每道习题都是一个高考点，每项训练都是对能力的检验，认真对待它们吧！进入“高考提能练(三)”，去收获希望，体验成功！本栏目内容以活页形式分册装订！
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16Unit 4 Earthquakes
重点单词
分类识记单词 ——
核心单词 记全记牢 用准用活
1.burst vi. 爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发2．million n. 百万3．rescue n．& vt. 援救；营救4．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏5．destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭6．damage n．& vt. 损失；损害7．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产8．trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境9．electricity n. 电；电流；电学10．sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地11．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸12．reporter n. 记者13．title n. 标题；头衔；资格 ◎ 品句填词1．(2020·新高考山东卷)Millions of lives have been destroyed(破坏；毁坏)by the slow drying up of the sea.2．(2020·江苏卷)We were raised on books and computers，highways and cell phones，but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity(电).3．I sincerely(真诚地)hope that I can have the opportunity to talk with the famous scientist face to face.4．The earthquake did damage(损害)to the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.5．With so many miners buried(bury)under the mine，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.6．Judging(judge)from their speeches，Chinese leaders are increasingly anxious about air and water pollution.
拓展单词 1.nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的→nationality n．国籍2．shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的3．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的4．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的5．congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺6．sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地→sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的7．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极度地8．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．看法，意见；判断力；判决9．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.脏的，肮脏的 ◎ 用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·新高考山东卷)The tests show that the social environment is extremely(extreme)influential when we're making decisions.2．After seeing the frightening film，the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)3．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)4．Rescuers said the injured were taken to a hospital nearby，and fortunately the injuries were not serious，not life threatening.(injure)5．We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)
阅读单词 1.earthquake n. 地震 2．crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声 vt.&vi. (使)开裂；破裂 3．smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的 4．farmyard n. 农场；农家 5．pipe n. 管；导管 6.event n. 事件；大事 7．dam n. 水坝；堰堤 8．canal n. 运河；水道 9．steam n. 蒸汽；水汽 10．survivor n. 幸存者；生还者； 残存物 11.brick n. 砖；砖块 12．track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹 13．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处； 避身处 14．outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓 15．headline n. 报刊的大字标题处
单元主题语块背诵 ——
1．in harmony with nature 与自然和谐共处
2．rebuild one's home 重建某人的家园
3．make joint efforts 共同努力
4．take action to help the locals out of the disaster
采取措施帮助当地人渡过灾难
5．rescue work 救灾工作
6．stricken district/area 受灾地区
7．destroy the whole city 摧毁整个城市
8．return to normal 恢复正常
9．wash away bridges 冲垮桥梁
10．lose one's precious life 失去宝贵生命
11．natural disasters 自然灾害
12．build a shelter 建造避难所
13．in urgent need of 迫切需要
14．wipe out the whole village 摧毁了整个村庄
15．escape from danger 逃离危险
16．the extreme lack of water，food and electricity
极度缺乏水、食物和电
burst vi.爆裂；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发
——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst in．
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
③(2020·浙江卷7月阅读B)By 9：33 am，a burst of additional traffic might push signal cycle to 145 seconds.突然的迸发
——词汇转换/句式升级
④When she saw her classmates burst out laughing because of her foolish mistakes，she burst into tears.
→Seeing_her_classmates_burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes，she burst_out_crying．(分词作状语)
(1) 突然哭起来/笑起来
(2)burst in/into 闯入，突然破门而入
(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒
(4)a burst of 一
When the professor entered the lecture hall，there was a burst of applause.
当教授走进演讲大厅时，突然爆发出一阵掌声。
(1)burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；
(2)burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。
ruin n．[U]毁灭；毁坏；[常用复数]废墟；vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟
——单句语法填空
①A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins(ruin).
②When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.
——一句多译
他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。
③He made a mistake，which_ruined_the_chance of going abroad.(定语从句)
④He made a mistake，ruining_the_chance of going abroad.(分词作状语)
(1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
(2)fall into ruin 毁灭，毁坏
ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声
No matter how famous a brand is，it can be in ruins once it betrays the trust of consumers.
无论一个品牌多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。
injure vt.损害；伤害
——单句语法填空
①To our relief，up to now the injured(injure)in the crash have been carried to the nearby hospital.
②The library is functioning as a temporary hospital to cope with people injured(injure)in the earthquake.
——句式升级
③My left foot was seriously injured，so I can't go with you as planned.
→With_my_left_foot_seriously_injured，I can't go with you as planned.(with 复合结构)
(1)injured adj. 受伤的
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某
I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn't been wearing one，I would have been injured.
我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。
bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
——单句语法填空
①(2017·天津卷书面表达)Though buried(bury)in books these days，I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
②He sank into a chair，burying(bury)his face in his hands.
——一句多译
他埋头看书，不知道外面在下雨。(bury)
③Because he buried_himself_in/was_buried_in his books，he didn't know it was raining outside.
④ Burying_himself_in_his_books，he was not aware it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语)
⑤ Buried_in_his_books，he was not aware it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语)
(1) 埋头于；专心于
(2)bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩
She sat on the ground，buried in thought.
她坐在地上，陷入沉思。
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
①be devoted to；
②be lost in；
③be engaged in；
④be absorbed in；
⑤focus/concentrate on。
judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官
——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge).
②Judging(judge)from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we don't judge a man by/from his looks.
③ (2018·江苏卷)Apparently，blindly following other's advice will affect our own judgment(judge).
——微写作
④我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的裁判。
I'm writing to invite_you_to_be_a_judge at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on June 15.
(1)judge...from/by... 从……来判断……
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
(2)judging by/from... 根据……判断
(3)judgment n. 看法；判断力；判
As far as I can judge，he will refuse to make a judgment about the present situation.
据我判断，他会拒绝评价目前的形势。
judging from/by表示“从……来看”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。
单词三维练 ——
用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As to the play，our weakness lies in such respects as roles' facial expressions(express)，logical stress of dialogue and stage set.
2．(2020·天津卷)Jones was shocked(shock)when she said that she didn't actually mind being cheated.
3．When wolves eat other animals，they usually kill the very young，or the sick and injured(injure).
4．On arriving there，we expressed our congratulations(congratulate)to him on his success.
5．Ever since water came into the cellphone，it has become completely useless(use).
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化
1．It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was_rescued(rescue).
2．Judging(judge)from the response of the audience，the performance was quite a success.
3．His house was_destroyed(destroy)in the earthquake last year and he had to build a new one.
4．Trapped(trap)in the ruins，the girl still held a positive attitude，waiting patiently to be rescued.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Studies found that people who woke(wake)up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.
在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．On seeing the Chinese volleyball team appeared on the stage，the audience burst out cheering(cheer).
2．It is useless persuading(persuade)him to give up the plan，so don't waste time.
3．As I didn't know anybody at the party，the hostess came to my rescue by introducing me to a few guests.
4．The house is surrounded with many big trees which shelter the house from the wind.
5．We should learn to express ourselves(we)well，which is an important part of education.
短语和句式
语境记忆短语 ——
记全记牢 用准用活
1.right_away 立刻；马上2．think_little/nothing_of 以为……没什么了不起3．at_an_end 结束；终结4．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪5．dig_out 掘出；发现6．a(great)number_of 许多；大量的7．judging_from 从……判断8．be_trapped_in 陷入9．be_proud_of 以……而自豪 10．be_buried_in 埋头于 ◎ 选用左栏短语填空1．I'm sorry that I forgot to bring your medicine downstairs; I'll go upstairs and get it right_away．2．They think_little_of the difficulties and setbacks on their way forward.3．There were a_number_of children playing on the playground when we arrived.4．Today's hard work is at_an_end and we now have time for a short rest.5．The soldiers were working hard to dig_out the people who were trapped in the fallen buildings.
仿写用活句式 ——
◎ 单元句式会写1．句式：too...to...太……而不能……，表示否定意义教材：In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat．在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。2．句式：It seemed/seems(to sb.)that/as if...(对某人来说)似乎/好像……教材：It_seemed_as_if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！3．句式：leave＋宾语＋宾补“使……处于某状态”教材：Thousands of families were killed and many children were_left_without_parents．成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。4．句式：all...not＝not all...表示部分否定教材：All_hope_was_not_lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。 ◎ 单元主题佳句背诵——自然灾害1．Last week，severe haze struck my hometown，making it too dark to see anything.上周，我的家乡出现了严重的雾霾，使得天空暗的看不见。2．So far，the earthquake has killed about 1，000 people and has left thousands of injured.到目前为止，地震已造成约1 000人死亡，数千人受伤。3．The snowstorm destroyed power facilities and some houses，cutting off power supplies in many areas and making many people homeless.暴风雪摧毁了电力设施和一些房屋，切断了许多地区的电力供应，使许多人无家可归。4．Live as if you were to die tomorrow.Learn as if you were to live forever.珍惜生命，就像死神即将来临；热爱学习，就像生命能够永恒。
at an end 结束；终结
——单句语法填空/补全句子
①The meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key words.
②At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing(apologize).
③(2020·天津卷满分作文) At_the_end_of_the_ceremony(在仪式结束时)，a video about fighting against COVID 19 was released for us to watch，which moved us deeply.
——词汇升级
④The speech contest finished.Thankfully，I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.(升级加黑词汇)
→The speech contest was_at_an_end．Thankfully，I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off in_the_end．
(1)at the end of... 在……尽头，在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时，到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
(2)come to an end 结束
put an end to sth. 结束；终结
make(both)ends meet 使收支相抵
(3)end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做……结
When the journey was at an end，everybody felt tired and hungry.
当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。
a(great)number of 许多；大量的
——对比填空/单句语法填空
①(2020·天津卷) The_number_of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained around that level ever since.(the number of/a number of)
②As China develops fast and steadily，a_number_of foreigners are learning Chinese as a second language.(the number of/a number of)
③A great deal of money was_donated(donate)to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention.
④With more and more forests cut down，large quantities of soil are(be)being washed away.
——微写作
⑤我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置许多新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。
I've heard that our school library is planning to_buy_a_number_of_new_books，so I am writing to recommend some books.
In addition，there are a great number of famous artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
此外，许多著名艺术家的杰作将被展览。
句型公式：too...to...太……而不能……，表示否定意义
(教材P26) In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。
——单句语法填空
①(2019·浙江卷满分作文)We all know that exercise is good for us，but sometimes it seems too hard to_leave(leave)the sofa.
②He was too eager to know the result of his examination.
③You can't be too careful when you do your homework.
——微写作
④没有你的及时帮助，我不可能取得这样的进步。我无法用语言来表达我对你的感激之情。(2019·浙江卷Ⅲ满分作文)
Without your timely help，I couldn't have made such progress.No words are strong enough to_convey_how_grateful_I_am to you.,(1)too＋adj./adv.(for sb.)＋to do sth.表示否定的意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。
(3)can't/can never...too...再怎么……也不过分。
adj./adv.enough(for sb.)to do sth.再怎么……也不过分
In my view，the problem is too difficult for her to solve.依我看来，问题对她来说太难解决了。
句型公式：It seemed/seems(to sb.)that/as if...(对某人来说)似乎/好像……
(教材P26) It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！
——单句语法填空
①The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be)their own mother.
②When he saw his mother at the street corner，the boy cried sadly as if he had_been_scolded(scold)by someone else.
③He opened his mouth as if to_say(say)something.
④The tennis player is lying on the floor as if hurt(hurt)badly.
——微写作
⑤我依然记得第一次去泰山旅游的事情，就像是在昨天一样。
I still remember my first trip to the Mount Tai as_if_it_were_yesterday．,(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气。
(2)如果从句所陈述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。
与现在事实相反：did/were
与过去事实相反：had done
与将来事实相反：would/could...＋do
(3)如as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词
Look at the dark clouds in the sky! It seems as if it is going to rain.Let's hurry up.
看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。
句型公式：all...not＝not all...表示部分否定
(教材P26) All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
——单句语法填空/补全句子
①Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.
②He told me all pieces of the news，but none_of_them_was_exciting(没有一个是有趣的).
③It's impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs，because not_all_of_them_are_fit_for_them(并非所有的人都适合这项工作).
——一句多译
最近的一项调查显示，并非我们学校的所有学生都在业余时间进行体育锻炼。
④A recent survey shows that not_all_the_students_in_our_school_take_physical_exercise in their spare time.
⑤A recent survey shows that all_the_students_in_our_school_don't_take_physical_exercise in their spare time.,(1)英语中的all，both，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非……都……”的意思。
(2)英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”
Our English teacher is excellent，but she can't help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.
我们的英语老师非常棒，但是她不可能在50分钟内帮助班里的每一位同学。
短语句式二维练 ——
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．(2020·浙江卷7月)I had to take action，so I picked my courage and tried to frighten him away with the pepper spray(胡椒喷雾剂)，but finally failed.
2．When the game finally ended，both of us were lying flat on our backs，too tired to move.
3．School started，but I felt more nervous as if I were(be)in a foreign country now.
4．Jim entered the competition without much hope，not thinking he would end up with the first prize.
5．San Francisco lay in ruins even though rescuers managed to dig out a great number of survivors.
6．The terribly frightening accident caused several deaths，leaving him seriously injured(injure).
1．一对年轻夫妇在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。
A young couple in a boat were eating，talking and laughing loudly as_if_they_were_the_only_people_in_the_world．
2．我不能和你一起去书店，因为我身体太虚弱了以至于无法走出卧室。
The reason why I can't go to the bookstore with you is that I'm too_weak_to_walk_out_of my bedroom.
3．The meeting was finished and he set down many key points.
→The meeting was_at_an_end and he set down many key points.
→The meeting came_to_an_end and he set down many key points.
4．All body language doesn't mean the same thing in different countries，such as nodding.
→Not_all_body_language_means_the_same_thing in different countries，such as nodding.
维度1 生词生义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid 1980s，and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.vt.跟踪
2．(2019·江苏卷阅读B)These are volcanoes so explosive that they burst open in a single big crack，leaving behind a vast hole，the caldera.n.裂缝
3．(2017·北京卷完形)She couldn't understand why some people had to live their lives without shelter or enough food.n.避身处
维度2 熟词生义
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.深入研究
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心)between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be careful not to go to extremes.走极端
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
某地发生地震后，许多互联网科技企业、各大旅游网站和汽车公司等纷纷在第一时间加入抢险救灾的行列中。请你以灾区学生李华的名义给这些企业写一封感谢信，表达你的感激之情。
Dear sir/madam，
I'm writing to 1.express_my_thanks_for_your_timely_rescue(表达你对我们及时的救助)，without which my life couldn't have returned to normal.
A few days ago，an extremely frightening earthquake struck my hometown，which 2.left_a_great_number_of_houses_in_ruins(使大量的房屋沦为废墟)and completely destroyed my house.Shocked to find everything buried under the fallen houses，I 3.burst_into_tears/burst_out_crying(突然哭起来).As far as I can judge，4.it_seemed_as_if_the_world_was_at_an_end(世界好像到了末日).Thankfully，strangers as you are，you have done everything in your power to 5.help_me_have_a_shelter_to_live_in(帮我有住处)and enough food and water to survive on.Therefore，I can't express my gratitude too much.
Yours，
Li Hua
[友情提示] 每道习题都是一个高考点，每项训练都是对能力的检验，认真对待它们吧！进入“高考提能练(四)”，去收获希望，体验成功！本栏目内容以活页形式分册装订！
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16Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
重点单词
分类识记单词 ——
核心单词 记全记牢 用准用活
1.quality n. 质量；品质；性质2．beg vi. 请求；乞求3．stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期4．opinion n. 意见；看法；主张5．reward n. 报酬；奖金vt. 酬劳；奖赏6．found vt. 建立；建设7．attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击8．escape vi.& vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开9．vote vt.& vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决10．youth n. 青年；青年时期11．sentence vt. 判决；宣判12．president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长13．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的14．warm hearted adj. 热心肠的15．mankind n. 人类 ◎ 品句填词1．There is no denying that China is playing an important role on the international political stage(舞台).2．Thanks to your generous(慷慨的)help，I do believe that I will have a better understanding of your country and culture.3．Thanks to these effective measures，the air quality(质量)in the city has improved over the past two months.4．They managed to escape(逃脱)from the burning building by breaking down the door.5．Little John hardly got anything in reward(报答)for his kind act，which made him unhappy.6．We may have different opinions(opinion)in organizing class activities，so we have to discuss them face to face.
拓展单词 1.guidance n．指导；领导→guide vt.指导2．violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的3．cruelty n．残忍；残酷→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的4．equal adj.相等的；平等的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等5．active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n．活动6．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devotion n．奉献；献身；忠诚→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的7．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育→educator n．教育者8．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peace n．和平；平静；和睦→peacefully adv.和平地；平静地9．self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地10．legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal adj.(反义词)非法的11．unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的→fair adj.公正的；公平的12．willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→unwilling adj.(反义词)不情愿的13．hopeful adj.有希望的，怀有希望的→hope vi.希望；期待 vt.希望，期望→hopeless adj.绝望的→hopefully adv.有希望地 ◎ 用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·浙江卷满分作文)Under your expert guidance(guide)，we have had a better command of English than before and have achieved satisfactory results in recent examinations.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully(hope)presents.3．The old couple，accustomed to country life，were unwilling(willing)to move to the city to live with their son.4．In order to give her a good education，her parents sent her to a famous school to be educated．(educate)5．Bethune，a devoted friend of Chinese，devoted his life to helping Chinese.I really respect his devotion to medical work.(devote)6．All men are born equal，so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)7．He criticized violently that the government did little to stop the violence in the country.(violent)8．China is known to be a peaceful country.It's been a model of peace in the world.(peace)
阅读单词 1.mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的 2．invader n. 侵略者 3．republic n. 共和国；共和政体 4．principle n. 法则；原则；原理 5．relative n. 亲戚；亲属 6.easy going adj.随和的；温和宽容的 7．lawyer n. 律师 8．fee n. 费(会费、学费等)；酬金9．quote n. 引用语；语录 10．release vt. 释放；发行 11.blanket n. 毛毯；毯子 12．terror n. 恐怖；可怕的人；恐 怖时期；恐怖活动13．principle n. 法则；原则；原理 14．league n. 同盟；联盟；联合会 15．anti black adj. 反黑人的
单元主题语块背诵 ——
1．make great achievements in many fields
在许多领域取得很大成就
2．a great Chinese woman scientist 一位伟大的中国女科学家
3．work until midnight 工作到深夜
4．be generous with 对……慷慨
5．give up a rich life 放弃富有的生活
6．achieve one's dream 实现梦想
7．put one's heart and soul into the work 全身心地投入到工作中去
8．lead a happy life 过着幸福的生活
9．make great contributions to 对……做出巨大贡献
10．devote one's life to teaching in rural areas
献身乡村教育事业
11．national heroes 民族英雄
12．a leading figure 一位领军人物
13．the founder of... ……的创始人
14．be awarded the title of 被授予……的称号
15．have a good reputation 享有盛誉
16．set a good example to sb. 为某人树立好榜样
devote vt.献身；专心于
——单句语法填空
①(2019·浙江卷6月应用文写作)I still remember what you have devoted to improving(improve)my oral English and writing skills.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Regardless of the risk of getting infected，Uncle Li is responsible and devoted(devote)to his job.
③We have learned a great deal from her devotion(devote)to her work and her willingness to help others.
——一句多译
他致力于社区活动，被周围的人赞美。(devote)
④He devoted_himself_to community activities and was praised by the people around.
⑤Devoting_himself_to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(现在分词作状语)
⑥Devoted_to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(过去分词作状语)
(1)devote...to... 把……奉献给……；专注于……
devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to 专心于；致力于
(3)devotion n. 奉献；献身；忠
She devoted all her life to carrying out the research on the Dream of Red Mansion，which is a master piece of classical Chinese literature.
她一生致力于《红楼梦》的研究，该书是中国传统文学的代表作。
devote...to...中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
equal v．等于；抵得上 adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的 n．同等的人；相等的物
——单句语法填空
①In my opinion，he is equal to accomplishing(accomplish)the tough task，for no one equals(equal)him.In other words，he is without equal.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Your personal circumstances are equally(equal)important.
——一句多译
我可以作为一名志愿者，带领参观者参观画廊，我确信我能胜任这项工作。(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
③I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors round the gallery and I am convinced that I_am_equal_to_the_job．
④I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors round the gallery and I hold the firm belief that I_am_fit_for/qualified_for_the_job．
(1)be equal to(doing)sth.等于/胜任(做)某事
A equal(s)B in... A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌
have no equal 无人可比，无可匹敌
(2)equality n. 平等
equally adv. 相等地；同等
You should be positive and cheerful，for your mental health is equal to your physical health.
你应该积极向上和开心，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。
表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达：
①be up to ②be fit for ③be qualified for
escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开；被遗忘 n．逃跑；逃走
——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①It is said that he narrowly escaped being_killed(kill)in the traffic accident the other day.
②Compared with the escaped(escape)driver，I am proud of what I did.
③It was owing to my ignorance that his name escaped me.被遗忘
——补全句子/句式升级
④The woman managed to escape_from_the_fire(逃离火灾)with her baby.She was extremely terrified and exhausted.
→The woman managed to escape from the fire with her baby，extremely_terrified_and_exhausted．(形容词作状语)
(1)escape(doing)sth. 逃避(做)某事
escape from 从……逃脱；逃避
escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
(2)fire escape 太平梯；安全梯；安全出口
a narrow escape 九死一生；死里逃生
(3)escaped adj. 逃跑了
Last year I had a narrow escape，so I don't want to risk my life a second time.
去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。
“不一样的”忘记，遗忘：
(1)sth.escapes(s)sb. 某人遗忘某事
(2)sb.forget(s)sth. 某人忘记某事
reward n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏
——单句语法填空
①Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was_rewarded(reward)with a beautiful view.
② (2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)Every one of us considered the picking both meaningful and rewarding(reward).
——一句多译
我很乐意带你游玩北京，以报答你的慷慨相助。
③I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing as_a_reward_for_your_generous_help．(reward n．)
④I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing in_reward_for_your_generous_help．(reward n．)
⑤I'm more than willing to show you around Beijing to_reward_you_for_your_generous_help．(reward vt.)
(1)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
in reward for 为酬谢……；作为奖励
(2)reward sb. with...for sth. 因为某事而用……酬谢某人
(3)rewarding adj. 值得的；有益的；有意义
You mentioned that you could teach me English as a reward，which is exactly what I want.
你提到你可以教我英语作为回报，这恰恰正是我想要的。
Chinese cultural values reward those who promote harmonious exchange.
中国的文化准则奖励那些促进和睦交流的人。
单词三维练 ——
用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)As I grew older and became a mother，the library took on a new place and an added meaning(mean)in my life.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)We are confident that we can win this competition.But we sincerely hope you will give us your guidance(guide)and encouragement.
3．(2019·江苏卷)At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence(violent)far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.
4．(2019·北京卷)For many students，Wilson's help is not only appreciated，it's also entirely necessary for them to be able to complete their college education(educate).
5．These students think that the football game is an interesting activity(active)，where they can develop not only their health but also their team spirit.
6．People in all countries want a peaceful(peace)world rather than one filled with wars.
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化
1．Founded(found)in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
2．Kate was walking in the park when she was_attacked(attack)by an extremely fierce dog and got seriously injured.
3．It was in 1918 that the British women got the right to_vote(vote).
4．His patience was_rewarded(reward)when she received the Nobel Prize eventually.
5．The cyclist begged(beg)the girl to stay，but she left right away.
在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．Although he made a serious mistake in his work，he was lucky to escape being_fired(fire)by his boss.
2．He often lent me a hand when I was in trouble，for which I was grateful.
3．Nowadays many school children devote too much time to playing(play)computer games.
4．With the speeches finished，we voted to_choose(choose)the monitor.
短语和句式
语境记忆短语 ——
记全记牢 用准用活
1.out_of_work 失业2．as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上3. in_one's_opinion/view 在某人看来4．turn_to 求助于；致力于5．lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心6．come_to_power 当权；上台7．set_up 设立；建立8．in_trouble 在(危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的)处境中9．be_willing_to_do_sth. 愿意做某事10．fight_for 为……而战11．be_sentenced_to 被判处……(徒刑)12．blow_up 使充气；爆炸 ◎ 选用左栏短语填空1．When the new President came_to_power，he started to reform to speed up the development of the economy.2．Johnson was_sentenced_to ten years in prison for what he had done and he will be 30 years old when he was set free.3．We had got to blow_up the bridge so that the enemy wouldn't catch up with us soon.4．Mr.Smith became out_of_work，but he didn't tell his family and pretended to go to work every day.5．In order to provide a platform for students to practice speaking English，our school has decided to set_up an English club.
仿写用活句式 ——
◎ 单元句式会写1．句式：where引导的定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词教材：The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where_we_have_almost_no_rights_at_all．过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。2．句式：this is/was a time when...这是一个……的时期教材：However，this_was_a_time_when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.可是，那个时候你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。3．句式：the first time“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句教材：I felt bad the_first_time_I_talked_to_a_group．第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。4．句式：only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装教材：Only_then_did_we_decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 ◎ 单元主题佳句背诵——人物介绍1．After graduation she reached a stage in her life where she needed to decide what to do.毕业后她面临人生中需要决定做什么的处境。2．After graduation，he devoted his life to teaching in the rural areas of our country for more than 30 years.毕业后，他献身我们国家乡村教育30多年。3．This was a time when women were looked down upon and had no right to receive education.在那个时代，妇女没有权利接受教育，被人瞧不起。4．With his wise thoughts about nature and the world，Confucius is considered as a great thinker in the history of China.孔子以其对自然和世界的睿智思想，被认为是中国历史上一位伟大的思想家。5．I admire him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but also one of the greatest astronauts.我钦佩他，因为他不仅是第一个进入太空的中国人，也是最伟大的宇航员之一。
in trouble有麻烦；处于困难中
——单句语法填空
①If you are in trouble，Mike is always willing to lend you a hand.
②Whenever we have trouble with our studies，our teachers always help us patiently.
③You can't imagine the trouble I had persuading(persuade)him to change his mind.
——微写作
④我英语掌握得很好，因此我在和尊贵的客人进行有效交流时没有任何困难。(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
I have a good command of English.Therefore，I have_no_trouble_in_communicating with our distinguished guests efficiently.
陷入困境；惹麻烦
have trouble(in)doing sth./with sth. 做某事方面有困难/麻烦
take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或困难尽力做某事
As is known to us all，if we are in trouble，it is not our phones but our friends that can really help us out.
众所周知，如果我们陷入困境，是朋友而不是手机可以真正地帮助我们摆脱困境。
turn to求助于；致力于；开始从事；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向
——写出下列句中turn to的含义
①(2020·新高考山东卷)He turned to the forest department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.求助于
②After he left university he became a teacher，but later turned to journalism.开始从事
③Don't always turn to the dictionary when you come across a new word.查阅
④Follow the main road until it branches and then turn to the left.转向
——词汇升级
⑤However，when it is something beyond my competence，I asked my classmates or teachers for help.
→However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turned_to my classmates or teachers.
turn down 关小；拒绝
turn away 避开；解雇；不准……入内
turn up 出现；露面；调大
turn out 证明是；结果是；赶走；生产
turn over 打翻；翻身；移交
①I couldn't quite believe my luck—it turned out no one got badly hurt，but the outcome could have been awful.(2020·浙江卷7月)
我简直不敢相信我的运气——结果没人受重伤，但结果本来可能会很糟糕。
②Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
汤姆因为太忙，不得不拒绝上周末参加聚会的邀请。
句型公式：拟人修辞法；where引导定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词
(教材P34) The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)Our school has_witnessed(witness)great changes in the last few years.
②(2018·北京卷书面表达)The tea house witnessed(witness)a really enjoyable time.
③(2019·天津卷)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
④It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.
——句式升级
⑤Today，we'll discuss a number of cases.Beginners of English fail to use the language properly in the cases.
→Today，we'll discuss a number of cases where/in_which_beginners_of_English_fail_to_use_the_language_properly．(定语从句)
(1)see，witness常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹、发生、经历”了某事。
(2)当先行词是stage，point，case，situation，position，job，business，scene等表示抽象地点的名词，并且定语从句缺状语时，常用关系副词where来引导定语从句，相当于in which
①The last thirty years have witnessed a large number of laws guaranteeing our rights.
过去的三十年目睹了许多法律保证我们的权利。
②Now their peace talks have reached a key stage where one side must give in to the other.
现在他们的和平会谈到了一个关键阶段，双方彼此必须相互妥协。
句型公式：only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装
(教材P34) Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
——补全句子
①Only by understanding and learning from each other can_we_spend_those_days_together_happily(我们才能一起开心地度过那些日子).
②Only then did_I_realize(我才意识到)how important such a little thing as cleaning the house was.
——一句多译
只有当你来到中国，你才能体验中国的饮食文化。 (2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
③Only when you come to China can_you_experience_Chinese_food_culture．(倒装)
④ It_is_only_when_you_come_to_China_that you can experience Chinese food culture.(强调句型)
(1)条件：only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装；
(2)结构：only＋状语＋助动词/情态动词/系动词be＋主语＋其他
Only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest did I realize it was important to have a good command of spoken English.(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)
只有当我在英语口语比赛中获得一等奖时我才意识到精通英语口语的重要性。
only置于句首修饰主语时不用倒装。
句型公式：the first time意为“第一次……”，引导时间状语从句
(教材P38) I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
——对比填空/补全句子
①(2020·天津卷) For_the_first_time in my life，I actually felt cool.(for the first time/the first time)
②(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文) The_first_time I went there，they were living in a small house with dogs，ducks，and other animals.(for the first time/the first time)
③Every_time_he_arrived_home(每次他回到家)at the end of the day，we'd greet him at the door.
④I remember you showed me some photos on that theme the_last_time_you_visited_our_school(你上次来我们学校的时候).
——句型转换
⑤He became interested in the young teacher's lesson when he attended his class for the first time.
→He became interested in the young teacher's lesson the_first_time he attended his class.
I still remember that the first time we met at school，you were reading in the classroom.
我仍旧记得我们在学校第一次见面时，你正在教室里读书。
(1)the first time 表示“第一次”，用作连词，引导时间状语从句；
(2)for the first time 表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。
短语句式二维练 ——
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．When his relatives and friends turn to him for help，he is always willing to give them a hand.
2．Parents should pay attention to the cases where their children have difficulty adapting to new surroundings.
3．He is a man who is active in social activities，and he is willing to_do(do)public service work now and then.
4．Mandela was sentenced to five years' hard labour for encouraging violence against anti black laws.
5．The 70th National Day saw(see)the Chinese people watching the grand military parade.They were all very cheerful and proud.
1．我的确希望你能够和我们一起(去爬山)，因为Green Hill是个放松的好地方，我们肯定玩得十分高兴。
I_do_hope_that_you_could_join_us because Green Hill is such a fine place to relax and surely we will have a great time.(强调谓语)
2．这是一个我们中国人既有许多挑战又有机遇的时期。
This_is_a_time_when we Chinese have both a great many challenges and opportunities.
3．我第一次在会议厅演讲时非常紧张。
I was very nervous the_first_time_I_gave_a_speech in the meeting hall.
4．这座古庙见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。
The old temple has_seen_great_changes_of_the_village in the past two hundred years.
5．I realized knowledge is valuable only when I had another failure in my job seeking.
→Only_when_I_had_another_failure_in_my_job seeking_did_I_realize_knowledge_is_
valuable.(倒装句)
→It_was_only_when_I_had_another_failure_in_my_job seeking_that_I_realized_
knowledge_is_valuable.(强调句型)
维度1 生词生义
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)In order to release the pressure，I went to Xingxing Farm to pick some oranges together with my classmates last weekend.vt.释放
2．(2019·北京卷阅读B)Although she founded her company early on in life，she wasn't driven primarily by profit.vt.创办
3．(2019·江苏卷任务型阅读)The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and had a relatively small head.adv.相对地
维度2 熟词生义
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)Sponsor book fairs.n.展销会
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.n.休息；解脱
3．Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.vt.等于；抵得上
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：
①人物简介；
②尊敬和爱戴的原因。
There are many respectable people around us.And the person I respect most is Li Lanjuan，a Chinese woman scientist in the field of medicine.
1．The_first_time_I_heard_of_her(第一次听说她时)，I was moved by her devotion to serving people heart and soul.When COVID 19 attacked WuHan，neither its cause nor cure was understood，so people in Wuhan 2.were_in_great_trouble(处境危险).Only when Li Lanjuan and many medical rescue team arrived 3.was_the_terrible_disease_defeated(可怕的疾病被打败).As a matter of fact，her contributions to the medicine field 4.have_no_equal(无与伦比).It's 5.her_devotion_and_the_sense_of_responsibility(奉献精神和责任感)that make me admire her.Having set a great example to us，she fully deserves my respect.
In my opinion，nothing could reward her contributions to science.
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