Unit 1 Great scientists
重点单词
分类识记单词 ——
核心单词 记全记牢 用准用活
1.defeatvt.&n. 打败；战胜；使受挫；失败2．expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n. 专家；行家3．attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加4．expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光5．cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗6．absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心7．suspect vt. 认为；怀疑n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯8．severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的9．foresee vt. 预见；预知10．blame vt.&n. 责备；谴责；过失；责备11．handle n．&vt. 柄；把手；处理；操纵12．link vt.& n. 连接；联系 ◎ 品句填词1．(2020·天津卷)She was curious about how the experts(专家)did it.2．The Women's Volleyball Team defeated(打败)its opponent and won another World Champion last year.3．Mr.Yang handled(处理)the situation very perfectly and was highly thought of by the President.4．Researchers find cures(治愈)for certain diseases often by using the forests' plants and animals.5．Suspecting(suspect)the traveler of carrying drugs，the Customs official stopped him and went through his suitcase.6．Children，when exposed(expose)to an English speaking atmosphere，will pick up the language much more easily.
拓展单词 1.conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束2．challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→challenging adj.具有挑战性的3．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；广播员4．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．指导；指示；用法说明→instructive adj.指示性的；有教育意义的5．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物6．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution n．捐献；贡献7．cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的→caution n．小心；谨慎→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地8．responsibility n．责任；负责→responsible adj.有责任的；负责的9．scientific adj.科学的→science 科学→scientist n．科学家10．certainty n．确信；确实→certain adj.确实的；肯定的→certainly adv.确定；肯定11．universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的→universally adv.普遍地12．paint v．绘画；涂→painter n．画家；油漆匠→painting n．油画；水彩画 ◎ 用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·天津卷)This led Jones to the conclusion(conclude)that there are too many extremely lonely people in his community，who are easy targets of cheating.2．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific(science)research.3．John was having lunch when he heard the announcement(announce)that he had won the first prize in the speech contest.4．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)This switch has decreased pollution(pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.5．The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)6．I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge．Last week I got a new job in a big firm，and I found it very challenging．(challenge)7．In the class，our teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference in our English learning.(instruct)8．The writer personally contributed ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund last week and all his contributions were gratefully received.(contribute)9．It's universally accepted that the universe originated from the big bang.(universe)
阅读单词 1.characteristic n．特征；特性2．radium n. 镭3．analyse vt. 分析4．physician n. 医生；内科医师5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争) 6.victim n. 受害者7．enquiry n. 询问8．neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近9．pump n. 泵；抽水机 vt. (用泵)抽(水) 10．firework n. 烟火(燃放) 11.chart n. 图表12．positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的13．reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃14．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
单元主题语块背诵 ——
1．receive the Nobel Peace Prize 获得诺贝尔和平奖
2．face the challenge 面对挑战
3．in the field of science 在科学领域
4．get over varieties of difficulties 克服各种各样的困难
5．play a leading role in 起着带头作用
6．gather information 收集信息
7．make further investigation 做进一步调查
8．find supporting evidence 找到有力的证据
9．make rapid progress in medical technology
在医学科技方面取得快速的进步
10．make a breakthrough 取得突破
11．carry out scientific experiments 开展科学实验
12．promote the development of other science 促进其他科学的进步
conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出；达成；缔结
——单句语法填空
①He concluded his speech with a famous saying “Where there is a will，there is a way”．
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion(conclude)，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
——一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。
③I drew_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclusion)
④I concluded_from_my_own_experiences_that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(conclude)
(1)conclude从……中推断出……
conclude sth. 以……结束……
(2)conclusion n. 结论；结束
come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 总而言
In conclusion，we are very proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
总之，我们为自己骄傲，并且坚信我们可以为一个更美好的世界做更多的事。
attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 vi.专心；留意
——写出下列句中attend的含义
①I can't go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to.处理
②Devoted to her work，she had no time to attend(on)her children.照顾；护理
③(2020·新高考山东卷)In Ferghana，he attends a mountain funeral followed by a strange drinking party.参加
——词汇/句式升级
④I can't go out with you tonight because I have an important thing to do.
→Having_an_important_thing_to_attend_to，I can't go out with you tonight.(分词作状语)
→With_an_important_thing_to_deal_with，I can't go out with you tonight.(with复合结构)
(1)attend a meeting/a lecture/a wedding/class 参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼/上课
(2)attend(on/upon)sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人
attend to 处理；倾听；专心于；照
Knowing that you show great interest in Chinese culture，I'd like to invite you to attend the exhibition with me.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
知道您对中国文化感兴趣，我想邀请您与我一起参加展览。
“照顾某人”用法：
(1)attend on sb.
(2)look after sb.
(3)take care of sb.
(4)watch over sb.
expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
——单句语法填空
①We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
②(2020·浙江卷7月)He exposed(expose)his sharp teeth，glaring at us as he ran forward.
——句型转换
③If you expose yourself to the sunlight for a long time in summer，you will get sunburnt.
→Exposing_yourself_to_the_sunlight_for_a_long_time_in_summer，you will get sunburnt.(现在分词作状语)
→Exposed_to_the_sunlight_for_a_long_time_in_summer，you will get sunburnt.(过去分词作状语)
(1)expose...to... 暴露……给……；使……接触……
expose oneself to... 使自己暴露于……
(2)expose sth.to sb. 向某人揭发某事
(3)exposed adj. 暴露的；无遮蔽的
(be)exposed to... 暴露于/接触…
When you come to China，you can be exposed to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture.(2018·天津卷满分作文)
当你来到中国，你可以接触到中国语言和中国文化。
在expose...to...以及be exposed to结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；使并入；吞并；理解；掌握
——猜测下列句中absorb的含义
①Many of these farmers have been absorbed into the urban workforce over recent years.使并入；吞并
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working，and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D．吸收
③(2020·新高考山东卷)In fact，most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message.理解
④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)So absorbed are these kids in their studies that I just sit back.专心的
——句型转换
⑤Tom was absorbed in his work，so he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.
→ Absorbing_himself_in_his_work，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(现在分词作状语)
→ Absorbed_in_his_work，Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.(过去分词作状语)
(1)absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意
absorb...into... 把……吸收进……
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
(be)absorbed in... 全神贯注于…
A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he absorbed himself in his reading.
一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他专心致志于读书中。
常用过去分词作状语的短语：
(1)be lost in... 陷入……；专心致志于……
(2)be caught in... 被困在……
(3)be buried in... 埋头于……
(4)be devoted to... 致力于……
(5)be occupied in... 忙于……
(6)be involved in... 专注于……
blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n．过失；责备
——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷书面表达)It's unwise for us to blame the increase of ratings on high consumption.
②It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to_blame(blame)for what had happened in the lab.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame on the alarm clock.
——句式升级
④Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.
→Blamed_for_the_breakdown_of_the_school_computer_network，Alice was in low spirits.(分词作状语)
blame sb. for(doing)sth. 为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame(for) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备
lay/put the blame on 把……归咎于…
Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.
我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。
be to blame中不能用被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动含义。contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助
——猜测加黑词的含义/单句语法填空
①(2020·天津卷)Loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes.导致
②If you want to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline.投稿
③I am convinced that your participation will certainly contribute to our winning(win)the championship in the match.
——微写作
④总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到自豪。(2018·北京卷书面表达)
In conclusion，I was proud of making_great_contributions_to_spreading_Chinese_culture．
(1)contribute sth. to... 把某物捐献给……
contribute to 有助于；导致；投稿
(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；投稿
make a contribution/contributions to 对……做出贡
Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.
把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。
表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：cause，lead to，result in，bring about等。
单词三维练 ——多维度·练技能
用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换
1．(2020·江苏卷)Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions(contribute).
2．We were shocked by the announcement(announce)that the amusement park would be closed.
3．Do remember you must read the instructions(instruct)before taking the medicine.
4．When asked about his dream，Jack says he wants to be a painter(paint)when he grows up.
5．Exposed to such a challenging(challenge)task，she couldn't sleep well.
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)“Nicolo，” whose real name cannot be_exposed(expose)to the public because of Italy's privacy laws，finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged(challenge).
3．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine，we must send for an engineer to_handle(handle)the problem.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)He said the lucky woman will be_announced(announce)on the website and the trip will be shared online.
5．He was very glad to see his injured son attended(attend)well by the nurses in the hospital.
在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
2．The experts instruct that the data(should)be_analyzed(analyze)in a more systematic method.
3．As far as I know，the nature preserve is still under construction.
4．The young man suspected of robbing a bank was taken to the police.
短语和句式
语境记忆短语 ——
记全记牢 用准用活
1.put_forward 提出2．expose...to 使显露；暴露3．apart_from 除……之外；此外4．make_sense 讲得通；有意义5．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论6．link...to... 将……和……联系/连接起来7．be_strict_with... 对……严格的8．be_to_blame 应受谴责；应负责任9．point_of_view 态度；观点；看法10．slow_down 减速11．lead_to 通向；导致12．look_into 调查13．contribute_to 导致，有助于 ◎ 选用左栏短语填空1．Doctor Snow suspected that the polluted water was_linked_to the disease，but he didn't find enough evidence.2．Up to now，the local government has put_forward a set of ideas to deal with unemployment.3．At present，the team is looking_into the cause of the forest fire，which caused more than 30 deaths.4．We must be_strict_with our students while we should give them love and care as well.5．Though David talked about the origins of the universe，I didn't think what he said made_sense．6．(2018·天津卷书面表达)The training schedule，apart_from regular training，includes joining in a variety of activities，such as participating in some national competitions.
仿写用活句式 ——
◎ 单元句式会写1．句式：neither...nor...连接两个并列的句子成分教材：Neither_its_cause_nor_its_cure was understood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。2．句式：every time作连词，引导时间状语从句。教材：So many thousands of terrified people died every_time_there_was_an_outbreak．所以每次爆发(霍乱)时，都有成千上万惊恐的人死去。3．句式：“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装。教材：Only if you put the sun there did_the_movements_of_the_other_planets_in_the_sky_make_sense．只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。4．句式：suggest that... 意为“建议”时，谓语动词应该为：should＋do sth.教材：To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies_be_examined．为防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。 ◎ 单元主题佳句背诵——伟大的科学家1．Only by analyzing the data can we reach reasonable conclusions.只有分析这些数据，我们才能得出合理的结论。2．It is science and technology that makes our life more convenient.科技使我们的生活更便捷。3．It is because of her outstanding contributions to our country that China is playing a leading role in high speed railways all over the world.正是因为她对我们国家做出的杰出贡献，使中国在全世界的高铁领域占据着领先地位。4．In the last decades，advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.在过去几十年中，医疗技术的进步已使得人们比过去的人们长寿了。
put forward提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
——用put 短语填空
①I think he is fit for the position；therefore，I'll put_forward Li Hua as a candidate.
②First he opened a shop and then he put_up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.
③Encourage children to put_aside some of their pocket money to buy Christmas presents.
——一句多译
至于你在信中提出的问题，我认为有一个平衡的饮食是一个好主意。
④As for the problem you_put_forward in your letter，I think it is a good idea to have a balanced diet.
⑤As for the problem you_came_up_with in your letter，I think it is a good idea to have a balanced diet.
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出
put away 放好；积蓄
put off 延期；推迟
put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put up with 忍受；容忍
put through 接通电话；完成；使经
Before we carried out the plan，various ideas had been put forward by my classmates.(2017·北京卷满分作文)
在我们实施这项计划之前，同学们提出了不同的想法。
“想出，提出”短语：
put forward；come up with；come up(被提出)
make sense有意义；有道理；讲得通
——单句语法填空
①This sentence just doesn't make sense，no matter how you read it.
②In no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
——词汇升级
③(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Furthermore，you'd better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which can help you understand the poems to be learned.
→Furthermore，you'd better learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which can help you make_sense_of the poems to be learned.
(1)make sense of 理解；明白
make no sense 没道理；没意义
(2)in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不(位于句首时用部分倒装
It doesn't make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
＝There is no sense(in)buying that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
这些便宜的大衣也一样好，买那件贵的没有意义。
句型公式：neither...nor...既不……也不……
(教材P2) Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治疗方法。
——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Without motivation，you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
②Not only John and Tom but also their sister，Mary，takes(take)great interest in the piano lessons now.
——句式升级
③The teacher is not content with the result.The students are not content with the result.
→Neither_the_teacher_nor_the_students_are_content_with_the_result.
(1)neither...nor...既不……也不……，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
either...or... 不是……就是……
not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
not...but... 不是……而是…
Kun Ming is a beautiful city，where it's neither too hot nor too cold all the year around.
昆明是个美丽的地方，一年四季既不冷也不热。
句型公式：every time引导时间状语从句
(教材P2) So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.所以每次爆发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
——补全句子
①Every_time_I_hear_this_English_song(每次我想起这首英语歌曲)，I can't help thinking of my friend Anna.
②Be careful! The machine starts the_moment_you_press_the_button(你一按电钮).
③The_first_time_I_walked_into_the_library(我第一次走进图书馆)，I was greatly impressed by so many books.
——一句多译
他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时，就感兴趣。
④He became interested in the young teacher's lesson the_first_time he attended his class.
⑤He became interested in the young teacher's lesson when he attended his class for_the_first_time．
常见的可用作从属连词的名词短语或副词还有：
(1)the first time 第一次……时
(the)next time 下次……时
any time 任何时候
the last time 上次……时
(2)the minute/moment/instant 一……就……
(3)immediately/instantly/directly 一……就…
I think of the happy hours we spent together every time I see these photos.
每次看到这些照片，我会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。
短语句式二维练 ——
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．Last year，neither the experts nor the physician was(be)enthusiastic about the cure for the severe disease.
2．Not only the students but also the teacher was_instructed(instruct)not to be exposed to the sun for too long last summer.
3．In conclusion，I owned my success to my parents，who were strict with me when I was young.
4．The manager is cautious about making predictions for the success of the tourist attraction.
1．他在全班面前说，只有我们把心放在学习上我们才能取得大的进步。
He said before the whole class that only_if_we_put_our_heart_into_our_lessons_could_we
_make_great_progress．
2．这场时长3个小时的音乐节将于上午9点开始，你最好来得早一点，以便能有一个不错的欣赏位置。 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)
The 3 hour music festival will begin at 9：00 am and you'd better come earlier for a good seat so_that_you_can_enjoy_a_better_view．
3．不是你而是那位专家将要出席我们学校举行的典礼。
Not you but the expert is_to_attend_the_ceremony to be held in our school.
4．每当我去看望那些受害者，我都会尽量对他们表现出一种积极的态度。
Every_time_I_went_to_visit_the_victims，I tried to show a positive attitude towards them.
维度1 生词生义
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.n.特征；特性
2．(2020·天津卷)It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.n.受害者
3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.adj.热情的；热心的
维度2 熟词生义
1．(2019·江苏卷任务型阅读)Walking upright challenges the human bone structure，and limits the size of brains.vt.向……挑战
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)For Western designers，China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.n.创意
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)At the events，you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions.adj.专业的
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假如你是李华，你的外国朋友Jack想了解著名科学家屠呦呦的相关情况，请你根据以下要求给他写一封回信。
姓名 屠呦呦
国籍 中国
职业 药学家，医学专家，科学家
兴趣爱好 自幼热衷于传统中药
主要经历 1.1930年12月30日生于浙江宁波；2．1951年考入北京大学，主修制药专业；3．毕业后一直专心于中医的研究；4．1972年成功发现并制成了能治疗疟疾的青蒿素；5．2015年10月5日，她被授予诺贝尔医学奖，成为中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女性科学家。
注意：词数100左右
疟疾：malaria
Dear Jack，
I'm more than delighted to give you a brief introduction about Tu Youyou，a famous Chinese woman scientist.
Born in Ningbo，Zhejiang Province on December 30th 1930，Tu Youyou，a medical expert and scientist 1.was_enthusiastic_about_traditional_Chinese_medicine(对中医很感兴趣)when she was young.In 1951，she was admitted into Beijing University，majoring in making medicine.After graduating from the university，she 2.has_been_absorbed_in_scientific_research
_of_traditional_Chinese_medicine(专注于中医科学研究).In 1972，she succeeded in discovering and developing Qinghaosu，which could 3.cure_people_of_malaria(治疗疟疾)，a deadly disease at that time.She 4.has_made_great_contributions_in_the_field_of_medicine(在医学领域做出了巨大的贡献)，and she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine on October 5th，2015，becoming the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize.
Wish you all the best!
Yours，
Li Hua
[友情提示] 每道习题都是一个高考点，每项训练都是对能力的检验，认真对待它们吧！进入“高考提能练(二十一)”，去收获希望，体验成功！本栏目内容以活页形式分册装订！
PAGE
15Unit 2 The United Kingdom
重点单词
分类识记单词 ——
核心单词 记全记牢 用准用活
1.consist vi. 组成；在于；一致2．accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现3．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突4．countryside n. 乡下；农村5．enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的6．quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架vi. 争吵；吵架7．alike adj. 相同的；类似的8．fold vt. 折叠；对折9．uniform n. 制服10．sightseeing n. 观光；游览 ◎ 品句填词1．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)In order to let us experience the life in the countryside(乡下)，our school organized a fruit picking activity on a farm last weekend.2．(2019·浙江卷)There are several reasons why school uniforms(制服)are a good idea.3．We should settle conflicts(冲突)in a peaceful way，thus friendship comes into being.4．We spent the days sightseeing(观光)and the evenings sitting in the bars drinking the local wine.5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)You will certainly find the exhibition most enjoyable(enjoy)and fall in love with the art.
拓展单词 1.rough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的→roughly adv.大致地；粗糙地；粗略地2．unite vi.& vt.联合；团结→union n．联合；联盟；结合；协会3．furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的→furnish vt.装备；布置(房间、公寓)；提供4．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理→arrangement n．布置；整理；安排5．attract vt.吸引；引起注意 →attraction n．吸引；有吸引力的地方→attractive adj.有吸引力的6．description n．描写；描述→describe vt.描述7．convenience n．便利；方便→convenient adj.方便的；便利的8．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的9．thrill vt.使激动；使胆颤心惊→thrilled adj.激动的→thrilling adj.令人激动的10．collection n．收藏品；珍藏；收集→collect vt.收集11．unwilling adj.不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)→willing(反义词)adj.愿意(的)；乐意(的)12．possibility n．可能(性)→possible adj.可能的→impossible adj.不可能的 ◎ 用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·新高考山东卷)Whatever it is，the result is a fine and vivid description(describe)of the purest of Central Asian traditions.2．(2019·北京卷)Another possibility(possible)is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort.3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage，walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection(collect)in the Museum.4．What attracts me most in Beijing is that there are many attractions，like the Great Wall，the Summer Palace.They are so attractive as to attract eyes from every corner of the world.(attract)5．Our department will be in charge of arranging the conference.Would you please give us some suggestions on the arrangement for it？(arrange)6．Two days later，I was delighted to hand in all of my work on time，to my teacher's delight．(delight)7．He had been searching for a furnished flat until one day he found one that was well furnished with modern furniture．(furnish)8．Thrilled at the thrilling news，she couldn't say a word.(thrill)
阅读单词 1.kingdom n. 王国2．province n. 省；行政区3．nationwide adj. 全国性的；全国范围的 4．architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术 5．administration n． 管理；行政部门6．port n. 港口(城市) 7.fax n. 传真(机) vt. 用传真传输(文件) 8．plus prep. 加上；和 adj. 加的；正的；零上的 9．wedding n. 婚礼10．splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的11．royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的12．clarify vt. 澄清；阐明 13.statue n. 塑像；雕像14．communism n. 共产主义15．educational adj. 教育的16．error n. 错误；过失；谬误17．currency n. 货币；通货18．consistent adj. 一致的
单元主题语块背诵 ——
1．a country with a long history 一个有着悠久历史的国家
2．be rich in culture as well as natural resources 物产和文化都丰富
3．the most beautiful countryside 最美乡村
4．historical architecture 历史性建筑
5．go sightseeing 去观光
6．a serious political conflict 严重的政治冲突
7．date from/date back to Tang Dynasty 追溯到唐朝
8．at the beginning of 在……的初期
9．in the early twentieth century 在20世纪初
10．historical city 历史古城
11．brilliant Chinese civilization 灿烂的中华文明
12．a symbol of China 中国的象征
convenience n．便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施
——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)To enjoy the convenience(convenient)of digital payment，many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
②In the past several weeks，many cities in Northern China have been suffering from heavy fogs，causing great inconvenience(convenient)to people.
——一句多译
如果您方便的话，我们可以在本周日早上8点在我们学校的艺术大厅见面吗？ (2020·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
③Could we meet in our school art hall at 8：00 am this Sunday if_it_is_convenient_for_you
④Could we meet in our school art hall at 8：00 am this Sunday at_your_earliest_convenience？
(1)for convenience 为了方便起见
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
(2)It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事
(3)inconvenience n. 不方便；不便
inconvenient adj. 不方便
If it is convenient for you，let's meet at 8：30 am outside the school gate.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
如果你方便的话，我们上午8：30在学校门口外面见面。
convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，常用it作形式主语。
attract vt.吸引；引起注意
——单句语法填空
①(2020·天津卷)This can be useful for businesses such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way to_attract(attract)customers.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This attractive(attract)tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes.
——微写作
③上周日，我们学校举办了5公里越野跑比赛，吸引了许多热情的参与者，包括学生和老师。(2020·新课标山东卷满分作文)
Last Sunday，our school held a 5km cross country running race，which_attracted_many_enthusiastic_participants，including both students and teachers.(定语从句)
(1)attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
(2)attraction n. 有趣的东西；吸引人之物
tourist attraction 旅游景点
(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起注意
For another，China enjoys a long history and rich culture.It has always been an attraction for those who are keen on China.(2020·江苏卷满分作文)
另一方面，中国有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。对于那些热衷于中国的人来说，它一直是一种吸引力。
arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理
——补全句子/单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考山东卷)Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange_special_activities_for_children(为孩子安排特殊活动).
②If you are interested，please sign up before 5：00 p.m.next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements(arrange).
——微写作
③我想告诉你，我和我的同学已安排好下周六重阳节去拜访附近的敬老院。 (全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
I'd like to tell you that my classmates and I have_arranged_to_visit_the_nearby_nursing_home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
(1)arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange(for sb. )to do sth. 安排(某人)做某事
(2)arrangement n. 布置；整理；安排
make arrangements for 安排好…
Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
父母为孩子们安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
make arrangements for中的arrangement常用复数形式。
delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt.& vi.(使)高兴；(使)欣喜
——单句语法填空
①No wonder he got a good report.He takes great delight in studying.
②I cannot tell you how delighted(delight)I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me.
——一句多译
我非常高兴有机会通知你我们学校将举办音乐节。(2019·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)
③I_am_more_than_delighted to have a chance to inform you that a music festival will be held in our school.(delighted adj.)
④What_delights_me_most_is_that I have a chance to inform you that a music festival will be held in our school.(delight vt.)
(1)delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
(2)take(great)delight in 以……为乐
with delight 高兴地；愉快地
much to one's delight 使某人非常高兴的是
(3)delighted adj. 高兴的；欣喜的
be delighted to do sth. 为做某事而高
Much to my delight，Michael sang high praise for my great achievements before my classmates，which made me feel proud of myself.
让我高兴的是，迈克尔在我的同学面前高度赞扬了我的成就，这让我为自己感到骄傲。单词三维练 ——
用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换
1．I found myself increasingly unwilling(willing)to drag myself to dance performances，so I quit.
2．As the longest river in Asia，the Yangtze River has so many attractions(attract).
3．It gives us a vivid description(describe)of the challenges which he faced in his research.
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化
1．(2019·北京卷)Much of the work in today's world is_accomplished(accomplish)in teams.
2．Body language can give away a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded(fold)can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
3．The patient was attended in a room simply furnished(furnish)with a bed，a chair and a table.
4．With everything arranged(arrange)，the manager left for England to attend an important business meeting.
5．I think it no use quarrelling(quarrel)with him now and we must find solutions to the problem soon.
在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．I'm convinced that it will be more convenient for people to_do(do)shopping online in the future.
2．It is well known that the beauty of West Lake in Hangzhou is beyond description.
3．She remained positive when she found herself in conflict with her parents.
4. (2019·天津卷)At the end of your contract you must arrange a time with the office staff to check out.
短语和句式
语境记忆短语 ——
记全记牢 用准用活
1.consist_of 由……组成2．break_away(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离3．leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑4．take_the_place_of 代替5．divide...into 把……分成6．to_one's_credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下7．break_down (机器)损坏；破坏8．in_memory_of 为了纪念9．leave_for 动身去某地10．refer_to 参考，提及 ◎ 选用左栏短语填空1．The most important words in this sentence have been left_out，so it doesn't make any sense.2．Their car suddenly broke_down on the road，so they couldn't attend the meeting on time.3．Most scientists agreed that robots can take_the_place_of human beings to do housework in the future.4．It was to_his_credit that the 17 year old boy saved the injured woman using the knowledge of first aid he had learned in school.5．The teaching building was named after ShaoYifu in_memory_of his great contributions to the college.
仿写用活句式 ——
◎ 单元句式会写1．句式：“keep/make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。教材：You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make_your_trip_to_the_United_Kingdom_enjoyable_and_worthwhile．要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。2．句式：过去分词短语作状语。教材：Worried_about_the_time_available，Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.由于担心时间不够，张萍玉把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了清单。3．句式：状语从句的省略教材：It looked splendid when_first_built !刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！4．句式：It seems strange that...“……似乎有点儿奇怪”；should have done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶。教材：It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should_have_lived_and_died_in_London．这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。 ◎ 单元主题佳句背诵——文化渊源1．The Great Wall began as independent walls for different states when first built and didn't become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty.长城刚建成时是不同诸侯国独立的城墙，直到秦朝才成为“长城”。2．Located in the famous Chinese city Kaifeng，Qingming Riverside Landscape Garden distinguishes itself as a historical and cultural theme park.位于中国名城开封的清明上河园作为历史和文化主题公园而闻名。3．It is said that you won't want to visit any other mountain after seeing Huangshan.据说，黄山归来不看山。4．The West Lake is undoubtedly the most renowned attraction of Hangzhou，which is famous for its many famous historical and cultural sites.西湖无疑是杭州最著名的景点，杭州以其众多的历史文化名胜古迹闻名遐迩。5．As we all know，the Yellow River is the second largest river in China，where the brilliant Chinese civilization was born.众所周知，黄河是中国第二大河，是中华文明的发源地。
consist of由……组成
——单句语法填空
①(2019·浙江卷)Rock music consists of many different styles.
②As we all know，the beauty of Mount Tai consists inits charming scenery and rich culture.
——一句多译
这部短片由两部分组成，介绍了我校的现状。(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
③The short film，consisting_of_/made_up_of_two_parts，introduces the present situation of our school.(分词作状语)
④The short film，which_consists_of_/is_made_up_of_two_parts，introduces the present situation of our school.(定语从句)
be made up of 由……组成
consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于
consist with 与……一致/相
I have learned that the exhibition consists of dozens of masterpieces painted by Chinese famous artists，such as Xu Beihong，Qi Baishi，Zhang Daqian and etc.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
我了解到这次展览包括几十幅中国著名艺术家的杰作，如徐悲鸿、齐白石、张大千等。
consist of belong to；come into being等几个短语都不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
take the place of代替；取代
——用place的相关短语填空
①When his secretary went on holiday，Miss Tyson took_the_place_of her for a week.
②After the dinner，an expression of thanks to the host would be in_place．
——一句多译
经理将要出差，我将代替他参加会议。
③The manager will be away on business and I'll take_the_place_of_him_to_attend the meeting.
④The manager will be away on business and I'll take_his_place_to_attend the meeting.
⑤The manager will be away on business and I'll attend_the_meeting_in_place_of_him．
take one's place 代替；就位
take place 发生
in place 在适当的位置，适当
in place of 代
The talent show，whose theme is “Innovations on Campus”，will take place in our school gymnasium from 8：30 a．m.to 11：30 a．m.on April 30th.
以“创新校园”为主题的才艺表演将于4月30日上午8：30－11：30在我校体育馆举行。
“代替某人”表达荟萃
take the place of sb.；take one's place
replace sb.
break down(机器)出故障；破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂；(身体)垮掉；划分
——写出下列句中break down的含义
①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(谈判)失败
②If Tom carries on working like this，he will break down sooner or later.(身体)垮掉
③It was bad luck that my car broke down on the way to Beijing.出故障
④(2020·天津卷)The “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help break down the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.打破
(1)break away(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
(2)break up 驱散；分散；打碎；分手
(3)break into 闯入
(4)break out 爆发；发
①As far as I'm concerned，marriage based on money is bound to break up.
依我看来，以金钱为基础的婚姻注定会分手。
②She is trying to break away from the bad habit，which makes her parents happy.
她正试图改掉这个坏习惯，这使她的父母很高兴。
句型公式：It seemed strange/important...that...
(教材P14) It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
——补全句子
①It seems strange that I should_be_so_busy(竟然这么忙)this weekend.
②It_is_a_great_pity_that(遗憾的是)the young man should have missed such a golden opportunity.
——句式升级
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)It is important for us to train hard in order to win the upcoming match.
→It_is_important_that_we_should_train_hard in order to win the upcoming match.(主语从句)
(1)It＋seems/seemed＋ adj.＋that...好像……，似乎……
(2)should常用于主语从句中，表示“惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此”。常用句式有：
It is important/necessary/natural/strange that...；
It is a pity/a shame that...等
It seems strange that the lady who has been cautious all the time should be cheated.
一直很谨慎的女士竟然被骗了，这似乎很奇怪。
短语句式二维练 ——
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．Divided(divide)into four groups，the whole class began to arrange the books in the library.
2．There is no possibility that Mark will finish the challenging task by himself within two days.
3．The football team，consisting(consist)of 22 players and 3 coaches，was set up about 3 years ago.
4．Keeping the environment clean and free of pollution is the key step to make life healthy(health).
5．In my opinion，it is important that we (should)value(value)our friends instead of phones in our real life.
1．如果我们想有一个好的学习环境，我们必须保持校园干净整洁。
We must keep_the_campus_clean_and_tidy，if we want to have a good studying environment.
2．当罗伯特发现自己被几个大男孩包围时，他感到有点紧张。
Robert felt a little nervous when he_found_himself_surrounded_by several big boys.
3．在农场摘西瓜的时候，我意识到了劳动的真正含义。 (2019·北京卷书面表达)
While_picking_watermelons_on_the_farm，I realized the real meaning of labour.
4．Because he was worried that he might lose his job，Peter always works extra hours to please his boss.
→Worried_that_he_might_lose_his_job，Peter always works extra hours to please his boss.(分词作状语)
维度1 生词生义
1．(2020·天津卷)They tell me that you'd like to make a statue of me—is that correct，Miss Vinnie Ream n.塑像
2．(2020·江苏卷)These documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences—its history，landscape，art，food，or even traditional Chinese medicine.adj.壮丽的；辉煌的
3．(2018·浙江卷阅读C)The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.n.流通
维度2 熟词生义
1．(2020·新高考山东卷)He left after seven months，physically broken and having lost his mind.adj.虚弱的
2．The company furnished the painter with the necessary information._vt.提供
3．One of the most significant collections of Etruscan art in Italy is housed at the Museo Guarnacci.vt.储藏
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假设你是李华，你校的外教Lucy打算下周末去北京进行一次短途旅行，希望你推荐一个最值得去的景点。请你用英文回信，向她推荐颐和园。内容包括：
①简要介绍颐和园(中国现存的最完整的皇家花园，著名景点包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥等)；②如有需要，愿意陪同前往。
Dear Lucy，
1．Delighted_to_hear_that_you_are_taking_a_short_trip_to_Beijing(听说你要去北京做一次短途旅行，我很高兴)，I'd like to recommend the Summer Palace to you，the most complete imperial garden that exists in China.
It is a famous tourist attraction，2.which_consists_of_Kunming_Lake(包括昆明湖)，Wanshou Hill，the 17 Arch Bridge and many other attractive natural views.Honestly speaking，when you wander around it，it may seem strange to you that the ancient Chinese 3.should_have_built_such_splendid_buildings(竟然建造如此辉煌的建筑).Make a list of what you want to see，and you will not 4.have_any_attractions_left_out(有什么景点被遗漏).Finally，while visiting the palace，5.keep_your_eyes_open_to_make_your_trip_enjoyable( 睁大你的眼睛，使你的旅行愉快).
If necessary，I'm willing to accompany you there and give you a detailed description of it during your trip.
Yours，
Li Hua
[友情提示] 每道习题都是一个高考点，每项训练都是对能力的检验，认真对待它们吧！进入“高考提能练(二十二)”，去收获希望，体验成功！本栏目内容以活页形式分册装订！
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13Unit 3 Life in the future
重点单词
分类识记单词 ——
核心单词 记全记牢 用准用活
1.fasten vt. 系牢；扎牢2．flash vt.& vi. (使)闪光；(使)闪现3．guide n. 指导；向导；导游vt. 指引；指导4．lack vi.& vt. 缺乏；没有n. 缺乏；短缺的东西5．switch n. 开关；转换 vt. 转换6．timetable n. 时间表；时刻表7．optimistic adj. 乐观(主义)的8．typist n. 打字员9．material n. 原料；材料10．recycle vt. 回收利用；再利用11．dustbin n. 垃圾箱12．button n. 纽扣；按钮 ◎ 品句填词1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)On public holidays，generally a Sunday timetable(时刻表)operates.2．(2019·江苏卷)Human beings took it for granted that their brains held all the solutions，but maybe their hearts can be a better guide(指导；向导).3．Keeping an optimistic(乐观的)state of mind is good for health.4．If a student lacks(缺乏)the motivation to study，he or she will quickly become tired of studying.5．They should also encourage the public to recycle(回收利用)，and this should be compulsory for everyone.6．The kids were told to remain in their seats with their seat belts fastened(fasten)because there might be a few bumps.
拓展单词 1.tolerate vt.容忍；忍受→tolerance n．容忍2．impression n．印象；感想→impress v．使留下深刻印象→impressive adj.给人深刻印象的3．constant adj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantly adv.不断地4．surroundings n．周围的事物；环境→surrounding adj.周围的5．adjustment n．调整；调节→adjust vt.调整6．press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻→pressure n．压力7．instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的→instantly adv.立即；立刻8．settlement n．安居；解决→settle vi.& vt.安居；解决→settler n．定居者9．exhausted adj.筋疲力尽的→exhaust vt.耗尽10．motivation n．动机→motivate vt.成为……的动机11．uncertain adj.不确切的；无把握的→certain adj.(反义词)确信的；有把握的 ◎ 用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·江苏卷)The question of what we know and do not know constantly(constant)bothered me.2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure(press)，and put people into a better mood.3．Whatever their motivation(motivate)is，the influence of the project on the economy is good indeed.4．One day，mentally exhausted(exhaust)，I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved.5．The city of Hangzhou is really an impressive place.Especially the famous West Lake always leaves quite an impression on the visitors.I was strongly impressed by its beauty the first time I visited it.(impress)6．The famous star was enjoying the pleasant surroundings when he was recognized and was surrounded by a crowd of fans.(surround)7．An official was sent to settle the problem but different opinions of two sides destroyed all the hopes of a peaceful settlement．(settle)
阅读单词 1.tablet n. 药片2．aspect n. 方面；层面3．previous adj. 在前的；早先的4．steward n. 乘务员；服务员5．stewardess n. 女乘务员6．mask n. 面具；面罩；伪装 7.carriage n. 运输工具；四轮马车；客车8．mud n. 泥(浆)9．desert n. 沙漠；荒原10．citizen n. 公民；居民；市民11．typewriter n. 打字机12．postage n. 邮资 13.receiver n. 接受者；接收器；电话听筒 14．greedy adj. 贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的15．swallow vt. 吞下；咽下16．goods n. 货物17．representative n． 代表；典型人物 adj. 典型的；有代表性的 18．ecology n. 生态；生态学
单元主题语块背诵 ——
1．take up...as the future career 从事……作为未来职业
2．adapt to the new environment 适应新的环境
3．realize one's dream 实现梦想
4．realize the importance of a good plan 意识到好的规划的重要性
5．make the necessary adjustment 做必要的调整
6．in the long run 从长远来看
7．live a happy life 过着幸福的生活
8．be optimistic about life 对生活积极乐观
9．make an attempt to do sth. 尝试做某事
10．driverless car 无人驾驶汽车
11．make great achievement 取得巨大的成就
12．have access to space travel 能到太空旅游
tolerate vt.容忍；忍受
——单句语法填空
①In some experts' opinion，living conditions on the Mars are very hard to_tolerate(tolerate).
②If neighbors want to get along well with each other，they have to show their tolerance(tolerate).
——词汇升级
③When he went abroad，he found the new surroundings hard to bear.
→When he went abroad，he found the new surroundings hard to tolerate/put_up_with．
(1)tolerate(sb.)doing sth. 容忍/忍受(某人)做某事
(2)tolerance n. 宽容；容忍；忍受
tolerant adj. 宽容的；容忍
Instead of blaming the child，she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go.
她没有责备孩子，而是给了他一个宽容的微笑，就放他走了。
“忍受”的种种表达：
tolerate vt.忍受；stand vt.忍受；
bear vt.忍受；put up with忍受，容忍
lack vi.& vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺的东西
——补全句子/单句语法填空
①Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a_lack_of_exercise(缺乏锻炼).
②Though lacking(lack)money，his parents managed to send him to a university.
——一句多译
由于缺乏足够的训练，我们在即将到来的比赛中将很难取胜。 (2019·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
③For_lack_of_enough_training，we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(介词短语)
④Lacking_enough_training，we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(分词作状语)
⑤ As_we_lack_enough_training，we will have great trouble in winning the coming match.(原因状语从句)
(1)for lack of 因缺乏……
a lack of 缺乏……
(2)lack＋ n. 缺乏……
lack for＋ n. (多用于否定句中)需求；需要
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in 缺少…
For lack of human protection，the number of Yangtze finless porpoise is becoming smaller and smaller.
由于缺乏人类的保护，长江江豚的数量正变得越来越少。
(1)lack作名词时常与介词of连用；
(2)lack 作及物动词时直接加宾语；作不及物动词时，后常与介词for连用；
(3)形容词lacking常与in连用。
press vi.& vt.按；压；逼迫 n．按；压；印刷；新闻
——单句语法填空
①Out of curiosity，the little girl pressed her nose against the shop window.
②(2018·江苏卷)The report said they also faced pressure(press)to respond to messages at all hours of the day.
——微写作
③在朋友和家人的催促下，我决定阐明立场。
Pressed_by_my_friends_and_relations，I decided to clarify my position.
(1)press...against/to... 把……压/挤/贴在……
press sb. to do sth. 极力敦促某人做某事
(2)pressure n. 压(力)；压强；强制
under pressure 面临压力；受到压
I know studying is very important，but my parents put too much pressure on me.
我知道学习很重要，但父母给我施加了太多的压力。
instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；立刻的
——单句语法填空
①He made an instant decision to risk his own life to save the drowning child.
② (2020·浙江卷读后续写)We instantly(instant)stepped away and ran as fast as we could to the helicopter.
③Instantly(instant)Wang Yaping，a female astronaut，turned up at the meeting，the people applauded loudly.
——一句多译
他们一到我们学校，就迫不及待地参观我们的茶馆，那里陈列着许多茶具。(2018·北京卷满分作文)
④The_instant/Instantly_they_arrived_at_our_school，they couldn't wait to visit our tea house，where a lot of tea sets were on display.
⑤ On_arriving_at_our_school，they couldn't wait to visit our tea house，where a lot of tea sets were on display.(on)
（1）in an instant＝instantly 立刻；马上
for an instant 一瞬间
（3）on/upon＋arrive，reach，hear，see等动词相应的名词形式或动名词形式，表示“一……就……”
Mr Porter's book about how to educate children was an instant hit.
波特先生那本关于如何教育儿童的书一出版就立刻走红。
表示“一……就……”的结构有：the minute，the moment，as soon as，immediately，directly，hardly...when...，no sooner...than...等。
单词三维练 ——多维度·练技能
用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment(adjust)，high status has just the opposite effect on us.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements(settle)，leading to a belief that populations are increasing.
3．I left the furnished room，feeling anxious and uncertain(certain)about what to do next.
4．When he stepped onto the stage，he was defeated by his partner instantly(instant).
5．After the explosion the army blocked the surrounding(surround)area and forbad anyone to enter it.
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化
1．(2018·浙江卷6月)Many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags，which are easily recycled(recycle)but require more energy to produce and transport.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater，employees were busy sweeping(sweep)up popcorns and gathering coke cups.
3．Guided(guide)by the sun，they walked towards their destination through the woods.
4．The attractive girl worked as a teacher before switching(switch)to journalism.
5．The purpose of the programme is to develop our interest in English learning and get us motivated(motivate).
在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．For lack of enough money to survive，many young people in the village leave home to work in big cities.
2．His fluent English and profound knowledge made a deep impression on others.
3．The accident caused 3 deaths and 20 injuries，which happened previous to his arrival there.
4．To be honest，I can't tolerate arranging(arrange)books every day in the library.
5．My good performance in the interview has left me optimistic about my future.
短语和句式
语境记忆短语 ——
记全记牢 用准用活
1.take_up 拿起；接受；开始；继续2．lose_sight_of... 看不见……3．speed_up 加速4．show_sb.around 领某人参观5．in_no_time 立刻6．be_back_on_one's_feet (困境后)恢复；完全复原7．sweep_up 打扫；横扫8．slide_into 移动；溜进9．remind...of 使……想起10．be_similar_to 与……相似11．switch_off 关掉12．be_greedy_for... 对……贪婪的 ◎ 选用左栏短语填空1．After resting for a while，the weak woman was_back_on_her_feet again and continued to work.2．Since the teacher didn't notice him，Tom slid_into the classroom as quickly as he could.3．The old man watched his daughter and son leaving further and further until he lost_sight_of them.4．Since there were almost no cars on the road and it was getting dark，he sped_up and wanted to get to the destination soon.5．Mrs.King immediately swept_up all the broken glass for the sake of the children's safety.6．After taking_up the gold medal and flowers，Jordan excitedly rushed to his coach.
仿写用活句式 ——
◎ 单元句式会写1．句式：be＋ adj.＋to do结构教材：At first my new surroundings were_difficult_to_tolerate．开始的时候新的环境让我难以忍受。2．句式：过去分词短语作状语。教材：Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。3．句式：形容词(短语)作状语。教材：Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。4．句式：地点状语放于句首，全部倒装。教材：Inside_was_an_exhibition of the most up to date inventions of the 31st century.太空站里展出了31世纪一些最前沿的发明。 ◎ 单元主题佳句背诵——未来生活1．As scientists have a better understanding of the human body，more diseases will be easy to cure.随着科学家对人体了解的深入，更多的疾病将容易治愈。2．People in the future will be able to enjoy a longer and healthier life and remain active even in old age.未来的人们将能够享受更长寿、更健康的生活，即使年老时也能保持积极向上。3．Though we can be uncertain whether our dreams will come true，we can at least be hopeful that our efforts to improve the world will be successful.虽然我们不确定我们的梦想是否能成真，但至少能寄希望于我们改善世界的努力将会成功。
take up占有(时间/空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起；开始从事
——写出下列句子中take up的含义
①On the contrary，smart phones not only take up our valuable time，but also do great harm to our health.占据
②I put the telephone down and took up my work again. 继续
③Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始从事
④I'm going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing.接受
take off 脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞
take over 接管；获得对……的控制或管理
take down 写下；记下；拆除
take in 吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗
take on 呈现；雇用；承担；从
With the development of science and technology，our country has taken on a new look.
随着科技的发展，我们的祖国呈现出新的面貌。
lose sight of...看不见……；忽略；忘记
——用sight短语填空
①At the railway station，the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was out_of_sight．
②Only a short sighted man will lose sight of the importance of education.
——词汇升级
③I saw her getting on the bus when I came out of the store.
→I caught_sight_of her getting on the bus when I came out of the store.
(1)catch sight of 发现；看到
lose one's sight 失明
come into sight 进入视野内；映入眼帘
(2)at first sight 乍一看
at the sight of 看到
out of sight 看不
At the sight of the beautiful scenery，the tourists cheered wildly.
一看到美丽的风景，游客们就疯狂地欢呼起来。
——单句语法填空
①Modern inventions have speeded up people's lives in some aspects amazingly.
②Our physics teacher said that light travels at a speed of 300，000 km per second.
——微写作
③你应该养成良好的学习习惯，这可以帮助你加速实现你的目标。
You should form a good habit of learning，which can help you speed_up_to_reach_your_goal．
(1)reduce speed/slow down 减速
pick up speed 逐渐加速
(2)at high/low/full/top speed 以高/低/全/最高速
at a speed of... 以……的速
Many countries are faced with the problem about how to speed up economic development.
许多国家面对如何加快经济发展的问题。
speed的过去式、 过去分词有两种形式：speeded，speeded或sped，sped
句型公式：过去分词短语作状语
(教材P18) Hit by a lack of fresh air，my head ached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。
——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Shown(show)this Sunday afternoon，the film will last two hours.
②Located(locate)in the central district，the Xi'an Hotel offers the best service with the lowest price.
——一句多译
从高层建筑物上看，公园看上去更漂亮。
③Seeing_from the top of the high building，I find the park even more beautiful.(分词作状语)
④Seen_from the top of the high building，the park looks even more beautiful.(分词作状语)
(1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等，表示被动或完成；
(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致；
(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系
①We were guided by the local villager，and finally found the ancient castle.
②Guided by the local villager，we finally found the ancient castle.
在一位当地村民的带领下，我们最终找到了那座古老的城堡。
句型公式：形容词(短语)作状语
(教材P18) Exhausted，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。
——单句语法填空
①Surprised(surprise)and happy，he stood up and accepted the prize.
②The boy lay on the sofa，relaxed(relax).
③(2020·全国卷Ⅱ) Luckily(lucky)，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacation.
——句式升级
④(2018·浙江卷满分作文)I was too worried and helpless，so I have no alternative but to turn to you for help.
→Too_worried_and_helpless，so I have no alternative but to turn to you for help.(形容词作状语),
用法归纳 形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
注意事项 形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。
To our relief，the missing child returned home ten days later，tired but healthy.
使我们感到欣慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到了家，虽然很累，但很健康。
短语句式二维练 ——
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．According to the airline rules，we suggest you (should)switch(switch)off your mobile phone before boarding.
2．(2019·浙江卷)All in all，words are hard to_express(express)my sincere thanks to you.
3．Two thieves slid into the surrounding town，but found nothing valuable.
4．It is uncertain whether he will be able to be back on his feet(foot)after two weeks' treatment in hospital.
1．总之，言语很难来表达我对你真挚的感谢。(2019·浙江6月卷满分作文)
All in all，words are_hard_to_express_my_sincere_thanks to you.
2．得知我所处的困境后，我的老师Michael鼓励我勇敢地、充满自信地走出来。
After learning what_situation_I_was_in，my teacher，Michael encouraged me to step out of trouble bravely and confidently.
3．在我们房子的前面有一棵1 000多年树龄的大树，现在已经被政府保护起来了。
In_front_of_our_house_stands_a_tall_tree with a history of 1，000 years，which is protected by the government now.
4．Because I was amazed at how skillful they were，I determined to be just as good.
→Amazed_at_how_skillful_they_were，I determined to be just as good.(形容词短语作状语)
维度1 生词生义
1．(2020·江苏卷阅读C)They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men，whose lifestyles are，for better and worse，representative of those of most of us.n.代表；典型人物
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)However，if others benefit in the process，and I get some reward too，does it really matter where my motivation lies n.动机
3．For the sales representatives，their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.n.代表
维度2 熟词生义
1．(2020·江苏卷)The WHO China Joint Mission on COVID 19 held a press conference in Beijing.n.新闻
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ七选五)Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly.adj.冷酷的
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ完形)Through the years，I'd run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates.n.最新消息
4．What seems strange，however，is that the standard adopted for women is the opposite of the one for men.Take a look at the way your clothes button.vi.扣上纽扣
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假设某英文报社向中学生征文，题目是“The House in the Future”。请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。
①如何智能化；②怎样服务于人。
The House in the Future
1.With_the_development_of_science_and_technology( 随着科学技术的发展)，the house in the future will be smart and caring in many aspects.
To begin with，controlled by computers，the future house will learn about the master's likes and dislikes and communicate with him.For example，it will send the master messages to inform its master there is 2.a_lack_of_daily_goods(缺乏日常用品).Besides，3.the_instant_it_senses_its_
master_is_exhausted(它一感到主人筋疲力尽就)，the house can adjust itself to make the surroundings comfortable.In addition，a solar powered system will 4.recycle_water_and_turn_waste_into_fuel(循环利用水，把废物变成燃料)，which is of great benefit to the environment.
In conclusion，there is no doubt that the house in the future 5.will_offer_every_
convenience_to_us(为我们提供一切便利).
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13Unit 4 Making the news
重点单词
分类识记单词 ——
核心单词 记全记牢 用准用活
1.unusual adj. 不同寻常的；独特的2．eager adj. 渴望的；热切的3．acquire vt. 获得；取得；学到4．deadline n. 最后期限5．meanwhile adv. 其间；同时6．case n. 情况；病例；案例7．accuse vt. 指责；谴责；控告8．demand n. 需求；要求vt. 强烈要求9．gifted adj. 有天赋的10．department n. 部门；部；处；系11．polish vt. 擦亮；磨光；润色12．publish vt. 出版；发行；发表；公布13．chief adj. 主要的；首席的n. 首领；长官 ◎ 品句填词1．(2019·北京卷) Meanwhile(其间)，with her parents' help，Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life.2．(2020·天津卷)Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department(部门)in England.3．The old man is eager(渴望的)to come back to his hometown after living abroad for many years.4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)As you know，to acquire(获得；取得)a good knowledge of Chinese，you should learn more about Chinese culture and history.5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun，according to a Common Sense Media report published(publish)Monday.6．Helen is gifted(gift)in music and dreams of becoming a famous musician one day.
拓展单词 1.photograph n．照片 vt.给……照相→photographer n．摄影师2．delighted adj.快乐的；欣喜的→delight n．快乐，高兴；(喜悦)vt.使高兴；使欣喜3．admirable adj.值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的→admire vt.钦佩；羡慕4．assist vt.帮助；协助；援助→assistance n．帮助；协助→assistant n．助手；助理；售货员5．profession n．职业；专业→professional adj.专业的；专业人员→professor n．教授；教师6．concentrate vi.& vt.集中；聚集→concentration n．集中7．approve vt.赞成；认可；批准→approval n．赞许，赞成，同意8．appoint vt.任命，委派→appointment n．约会；任命9．accurate adj.精确的；正确的→accurately adv.精确地；准确地→accuracy n．精确度，准确性10．technical adj.技术(上)的；技巧方面的→technically adv.技术上；工艺上11．appointment n．约会；任命→appoint vt.约定；任命 ◎ 用所给词的适当形式填空1．To his delight，he took first place in the exam.His parents were more than delighted to know about it.(delight)2．Tom is an assistant teacher in the college.He often assists the students with their problems and gives assistance to any student in need.(assist)3．Mary and I had appointed to meet at the shopping center，but she failed to keep the appointment，so I was very angry.(appoint)4．In class，the naughty boy has little power of concentration；as a result，he could not concentrate on what his teacher says.But when he plays computer games，he can't be more concentrated．(concentrate)5．Professor Smith，who is famous in the medical profession，is paying a professional visit to our college.(profession)6．We went to the gallery last weekend and all the artists were very admirable．In other words，we admired the artists for their admirable skills.(admire)7．If the Committee decides to approve the application，approval conditions may be attached.(approve)
阅读单词 1.journalist n. 记者；新闻工作者2．assignment n． 任务；分配3．submit vt. 递交；呈递(文件等)4．colleague n. 同事5．amateur n. 业余爱好者6．update vt. 更新；使现代化 7.sceptical adj. 怀疑的8．dilemma n. (进退两难的)困境；窘境9．technical adj. 技术(上)的；技巧方面的10．deliberately adv. 故意地11．process vt. 加工；处理n. 过程；程序；步骤 12.crime n. 罪行；犯罪13．senior adj. 年长的；高年级的；高级的14．involve vt. 牵涉；涉及；包括；使参与(卷入)……15．deny vt. 否认；拒绝16．negative n. 底片；否定adj. 否定的；消极的
单元主题语块背诵 ——
1．become a successful journalist 成为一名成功的记者
2．meet one's demands 满足某人的需求
3．have an eye for 对……有鉴别力
4．press conference 新闻发布会上
5．draw public attention 引起公众关注
6．cover a story 去采访
7．keep up with the current affairs 紧跟时事
8．arouse wide public concern 引起广泛的公众关注
9．polish the style 对(语言)风格进行润色
10．creative thinking 创造性的思维
11．international news 国际新闻
12．arrange an interview 安排采访
assist vt.帮助；协助；援助
——单句语法填空
①We're looking for volunteers who would be willing to assist us with the group's work.
②With the assistance(assist)of his teacher，he gradually adjusted to the school life.
——微写作
③我希望你能帮助我们更多了解英国和西方文化，这能增进我们的理解并有助于我们建立良好的关系。
I hope you can assist_us_to_learn_more_about_England_and_western_culture，which can increase understanding and help build good relationships between us.
(1)assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
(2)assistance n. 帮助；协助
with the assistance/help of 在……的帮助下
(3)assistant n. 助手，助理；售货
To assist the students in learning Chinese better，our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
为了帮助学生学好汉语，我们学校决定给你们中文班捐赠一批图书。
inform vt.告知；通知
——单句语法填空
①The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed(inform)of the programme's progress.
②(2020·天津卷)In library books and computers，you can find information(inform)on starting a business.
——词汇升级
③I'd like to tell you some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.
→I'd like to inform_you_of some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.
(1)inform sb. of sth. 告诉/通知某人某事
inform sb.that... 通知某人……
keep sb. informed(of...) 使某人随时了解(……)
(2)information [U] 通知；消息；情报；信
I'm Li Hua，the captain of our school volleyball team.I am writing to inform you that our team is going to take part in the National League.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
我是李华，我们学校排球队的队长。我写信是想通知你我们队要参加全国联赛。
case n．情况；病例；案例
——用case的相关短语填空
①(2019·北京卷书面表达)In addition，please pack a pair of comfortable shoes in_case_of the city walk.
②As_is_often_the_case，he was late for class，which made his teacher very angry.
③You may think of giving up studying.In_this_case，just think it over before making a decision.
——句式升级
④We should in no case do anything that goes against the interests of people.
→In_no_case_should_we_do_anything that goes against the interests of people.(倒装),
in case 假使；以防万一
in case of 假如发生；万一发生
in any case 无论如何
in no case 决不(位于句首部分倒装)
in this/that case 假使这样/那样的话
as is often the case 这是常有的
The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical assistance.(2019·江苏卷)
医生和病人分享他的电话号码，以备他们需要医疗帮助。
in case后常常接句子；in case of后常常接名词。
demand n．要求；需要 vt.强烈要求
——单句语法填空
①First，science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.
②Learning English well is one of the demands(demand)of modern society and will do good to our future career.
③(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Like running，race walking is physically demanding(demand)，she says.
——词汇/句式升级
④The manager asked the workers to work extra hours to finish the task ahead of time.
→The manager demanded_that_the_workers(should)work_extra_hours to accomplish the task ahead of schedule.(宾语从句)
(1)be in(great)demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求
(2)demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand that...(should)do sth. 要求……(应该)做某事
(3)demanding adj. 要求高的；费力的；苛求
More wind power stations will spring up to meet the demand for clean energy.(2019·江苏卷)
更多的风力发电站将会涌现，以满足对清洁能源的需求。
approve vt.赞成；认可；批准
——单句语法填空
①My mother doesn't approve of my attending(attend)such a party，because it finishes at midnight.
②I would appreciate it if my application could get your approval(approve).
——一句多译
老师同意我们制作视频来记录我们在校的经历。(2017·北京卷书面表达)
③The teacher gave_his_approval_to_us_making_a_video to record our experiences at school.(approval)
④The teacher approved_of_us_making_a_video to record our experiences at school.(approve)
(1)approve sth. 批准某事
approve of 赞成；同意
(2)approval n. 赞成；同意；批准
get one's approval 得到某人的同意
(3)approving adj. 赞同
Luckily enough，my application to be a volunteer of an international middle school students sports meeting has been approved，which will take place in Tianjin at the end of October.
幸运的是，我的一个国际高中生运动会志愿者的申请被批准了，运动会将于10月底在天津举行。
单词三维练 ——
用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换
1．(2020·新高考山东卷)Historical accuracy(accurate)is important but so is entertainment.
2．The camps have excellent horses，professional(profession)guides and lots of support workers.
3．Brian is gifted(gift)in writing music；he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
4．It's the sort of work that calls for a high level of concentration(concentrate).
5．Your suggestion that the material should be recycled is admirable(admire).
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) Published(publish)in 1964，it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)On March 19，Dennis got a group text informing(inform)him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital，waiting for the arrival of a baby.
3．If you want to win a prize in the contest，you'd better have your essay polished(polish).
4．(2018·天津卷)It took him a long time to_acquire(acquire)the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
5．(2019·浙江卷)The challenge is all the more serious when you consider the demanding(demand)exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．The Internet keeps us informed(inform)of the latest news at home and also provides entertainment.It is no wonder that it's so popular worldwide.
2．In recent years，with rapid economic development，the energy is in greater demand in China.
3．For lack of helpers，Mr.Smith employed a woman to assist her to_clean(clean)the kitchen.
4．Though Jack is younger than Ann，he is senior to her.
短语和句式
语境记忆短语 ——
记全记牢 用准用活
1.concentrate_on 集中；全神贯注于2．accuse...of 因……指责或控告……3．ahead_of 在……前面4．depend_on 依靠；依赖5．so_as_to(do_sth.) 为了(做)……6．be/get_absorbed_in 注意；全神贯注于7．make_an_appointment 约会；预约8．have_a_good_nose_for 对……有敏感的嗅觉9．keep_sth.in_mind 记住某事10．be_supposed_to 应当；理应11．inform_sb.of_sth. 通知某人某事 ◎ 选用左栏短语填空1．Mike was_accused_of cheating in the competition，which really surprised all of us.2．She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate_on her studies.3．You must keep_in_mind that there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world，so don't be lazy and hate work.4．We are_supposed_to learn English well because a good command of English means more opportunities in the future.5．To be a famous reporter，you should have_a_good_nose_for news happening around us.
仿写用活句式 ——
◎ 单元句式会写1．句式：never置于句首部分倒装。教材：Never_will_Zhou_Yang(ZY)forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.周阳永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报社的第一项工作任务。2．句式：be to do在句中表示将来发生的事，常译为“注定会……；一定……”。教材：His discussion with his new boss，Hu Xin(HX)，was_to_strongly_influence_his_life as a journalist.他同新上司胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。3．句式：where引导定语从句，修饰抽象地点名词a case，在从句中作状语。教材：Have you ever had a case where_someone_accused_your_journalists_of getting the wrong end of the stick 你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实？4．句式：not only...but also...，not only位于句首部分倒装。教材：Not_only_am_I_interested_in photography，but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.我不仅对摄影感兴趣，而且为更新技能在大学期间还参加了业余摄影课程。 ◎ 单元主题佳句背诵——新闻媒体1．Whether you can become a successful journalist depends on whether you work hard enough.你能否成为一名成功的记者取决于你是否足够努力。2．Not only have you got some important breaking news but also we can hear from John，who is reporting live at the scene.我们不仅给大家带来了一些重要的突发新闻，还能听听约翰来自现场的报道。3．As a journalist，you need to keep up with the current affairs and be devoted to writing.作为记者，你需要了解时事，并致力于写作。4．She was now so famous that all the newspapers in London were beating a path to her door.她现在名声大噪，伦敦所有的报纸都争相登载她。5．The best report is one that has the greatest interest of the largest number of people.最好的报道能够激起最多人最大的兴趣。
concentrate on集中；全神贯注于
——单句语法填空
①When you concentrate on one task，you can get it done faster and better.
②He made a concentrated(concentrate)effort to study the crime's motivation.
——一句多译
③他集中精力学习，没有注意到我进来。
Concentrating_his_attention_on_his_study，he didn't notice me coming in.(现在分词作状语)
④With_his_attention_concentrated_on_his_study，he didn't notice me coming in.(with复合结构)
(1)concentrate on(doing)sth.专心于(做)某事
concentrate one's mind/attention on 集中注意力于；致力于；专心于
(2)concentration n. 集中；专心
concentrated adj. 浓缩的；集中的；全力以赴
He didn't notice the teacher standing by his side，concentrating all his attention on his speech for the conference.
他没有注意到老师站在他身边，集中所有的注意力在他在会上的发言。
depend on依靠；依赖
——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷) Depending(depend)on which role you choose，you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water，or help to protect valuable local cultures.
②You can depend on it that I will help you when you are in trouble.
③Now that you are an adult，it is wrong of you to depend on your parents for food and clothing.
——微写作
④一个小孩是否能健康成长取决于他生活的环境。
Whether a child can grow up healthily or not depends_on_the_surroundings_where_he_
lives．
(1)depend on sb. to do/one's doing sth. 依靠某人做某事
depend on sb. for sth. 依靠某人供给某物
depend on/upon it that... 指望……；对……深信不疑
(2)That depends./It(all)depends. 视情况而定
The teacher will put forward a variety of questions，depending on your different answers.
老师会根据你不同的答案提出各种各样的问题。
与depend on意义和用法相同的短语还有：rely on，count on
句型公式：否定词置于句首的部分倒装
(教材P26) Never will Zhou Yang(ZY)forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.周阳永远不会忘记他在一家受欢迎的英文报社的第一项工作任务。
——补全句子
①(2018·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)The film is perfect，never_have_I_seen_a_better_one(我从来没有看过比这更好的电影了)before.
②Not until someone reminded her did_he_know(他才知道)the man told a lie.
——句式升级
③She attaches great importance to reading.She spares at least 20 minutes every day to read.
→Not_only_does_she_attach_great_importance_to_reading，but_she_also_spares at least 20 minutes every day to read.(用not only...but also合并升级为倒装句)
(1)否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装。
(2)常用的否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语还有：not，little，seldom，hardly，scarcely，neither，nor，at no time，by no means，in no case，in no way，on no condition等
Never will I forget the accident that happened in my own childhood，which left a deep impression on me.
我永远不会忘记童年发生的那个事故，它给我留下了深刻的印象。
句型公式：先行词为抽象地点名词的定语从句
(教材P26) Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick 你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你们的记者，说他(她)们的报道完全失实呢？
——单句语法填空
①(2018·浙江卷)Then I got to the point where I was staying up really late at night to get my work done.
②With the development of tourism，security is becoming a key point that_/which tourists are concerned about.
③Our class is a warm family，where we care for and encourage each other.
——句式升级
④Students should get actively involved in after class activities.They can gain experience for social communication.
→Students should involve themselves in after class activities where_they_can_gain_
experience_for_social_communication.(定语从句)
当先行词为抽象地点名词case，situation，position，atmosphere，stage，activity，family和point等且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where或in which来引导定语从句
The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.
公司老板正在尽力营造一个员工可以在其中快乐工作的轻松氛围。
抽象地点名词后的定语从句中如果关系词作主语或宾语则需要用that或which引导。
短语句式二维练 ——
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．He wants to take up a position which_/that can offer more opportunities for growth.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.
3．Not only the students but also the teacher is(be)having a thorough cleaning.
1．如果你不了解唐朝的历史，你是永远不会学好唐诗的。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
Never_will_you_learn_Tang_Poetry_well if you don't know anything about the history of Tang Dynasty.(倒装)
2．因为你既聪明又勤奋，你当记者的梦想一定会实现的。
Your dream of becoming a journalist is_to_come_true because you are wise and hard working.
3．讲座将涉及许多英语初学者不能合理利用语言的情况。
The lecture will cover a_number_of_cases_where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
4．通过做这份工作，我不仅可以赚许多钱，而且还能获得一些社会经验。
①I_will_not_only_earn_much_money_but I will also gain some social experience through the job.
②Not only will_I_earn_much_money_but I will also gain some social experience through the job.
维度1 生词生义
1．(2020·天津卷阅读B)I plan to make it in an admirable manner.adj.值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的
2．(2020·新高考山东卷阅读B)After high school，Jennifer attended a local technical college，working to pay her tuition(学费)，because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. adj.技术(上)的
3．(2019·天津卷阅读A)Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher.The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off topic or unclear.vt.提交
维度2 熟词生义
1．(2020·天津卷)Many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products.n.专业人员
2．(2020· 山东卷)Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills.vt.足以支付
3．(2020· 全国卷Ⅰ)It has one of the new memory sticks and a protective case for filming underwater，so you can take it when you go diving.n.套；盒
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)They are required to process the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.vt.处理
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
假设你是李华，某英文报社招聘记者，你打算应聘。请按以下写作要求写一封申请信。
①写信目的；②自身优势；③表达愿望。
Dear Sir，
Interested in the job advertised on the Internet，1.I'm_writing_to_apply_for_the_position_as_
a_journalist(我写这封信是为了申请记者一职)in your department.
I'm convinced that I can meet your demands because of the following advantages.First of all，2.I_have_such_a_good_nose_for_news(我对新闻有如此敏感的嗅觉)that I was often sent to cover the stories happening in the campus when working for my school's paper.In addition，when it comes to acquiring all the information，3.not_only_can_I_ask_many_different_questions_but_
I_can_concentrate_on_details(我不仅可以问很多不同的问题，而且可以专注于细节).Meanwhile，I can prepare the next question quickly
4.depending_on_what_the_interviewees_say(取决于受访者的回答).If accepted，I will be cautious and diligent so as to live up to your expectations.
5.I_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_approve_my_application(如果您能批准我的申请，我将不胜感激)and inform me of the interview at your earliest convenience.
Yours，
Li Hua
[友情提示] 每道习题都是一个高考点，每项训练都是对能力的检验，认真对待它们吧！进入“高考提能练(二十四)”，去收获希望，体验成功！本栏目内容以活页形式分册装订！
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12Unit 5 First aid
重点单词
分类识记单词 ——
核心单词 记全记牢 用准用活
1.aid n．& vt. 帮助；援助；资助2．temporary adj.暂时的；临时的3．skin n. 皮；皮肤4．organ n. 器官5．barrier n. 屏障；障碍(物)6．squeeze vt.& vi. 榨；挤；压榨7．vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的8．pour vt.& vi. 倒；灌；注；涌9．ceremony n. 典礼；仪式；礼节10．ambulance n. 救护车 ◎ 品句填词1．(2020·天津卷)It causes temporary(暂时的)hearing loss.2．(2019·天津卷)As a matter of fact，reading is a vital(至关重要的)part of my life.3．(2020·江苏卷)If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers(障碍)，I wouldn't be where I am.4．Several days later，when the video was played on the graduation ceremony(典礼)，it was well received.5．One of the station staff saw he was in difficulty and came to his aid(援助).
拓展单词 1.poison n．毒药；毒害 vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的2．injury n．损伤；伤害→injure vt.伤害3．variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→various adj.各种各样的4．mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地5．swell vi.& vt.(使)膨胀；隆起→swollen adj.肿胀的6．tight adj.牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly adv.紧地；牢牢地7．firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly adv.坚固地；稳定地8．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待→treatment n．治疗；疗法；对待；待遇9．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请(书)10．pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)→press v．挤压；压迫11．brave adj.勇敢的→bravery n．勇敢12．unbearable adj.难以忍受的；不能容忍的→bearable adj.能容忍的→bear vt.承担，忍受 ◎ 用所给词的适当形式填空1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly(firm)rooted.2．The burning plastic gave off poisonous(poison)gas，which is harmful to our health.3．To her parents' relief，the girl recovered with no lasting injury(injure)to her brain.4．Mary felt the atmosphere in the room unbearable(bear)，so she walked out of it quietly.5．Jenny's hand was bitten by a strange insect when she was watering the flowers，and now it is swollen(swell).6．We like to live a life full of variety and our tastes are various．(vary)7．People had to treat themselves in their own way before they received the treatment sent by the government.(treat)8．Don't press me any longer.These days，I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great pressure on me.(press)9．The applicants who want to apply for the position should hand in their applications．(apply)10．The people in the flooded area fought bravely against the natural disaster.Their bravery deserved to be praised.(brave)
阅读单词 1.bleed vi.& vt.流血2．ankle n. 踝(关节)3．choke vi.& vt. (使)噎住；(使)窒息4．organ n. 器官5．ray n. 光线；射线6．liquid n. 液体 7.radiation n. 辐射；射线8．pan n. 平底锅；盘子9．stove n. 炉子；火炉10．tissue n. (生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸11．scissors n．(pl.) 剪刀12．basin n. 盆；盆地 13.symptom n. 症状；征兆14．kettle n. (水)壶；罐15．damp adj. 潮湿的16．sleeve n. 袖子17．blouse n. 女衬衫18．throat n. 咽喉；喉咙
单元主题语块背诵 ——
1．take medicine 吃药
2．heart attack 心脏病
3．call for professional medical help 求助专业的医疗救助
4．have a good knowledge of first aid 非常了解急救知识
5．avoid any potential risks 避免任何潜在的危险
6．get infected 感染
7．apply some medicines on the wound 在……伤口上敷药
8．stop the bleeding 止血
9．free medical care 免费医疗
10．check for cuts and wounds 检查伤口
11．wash the wound with running water 用自来水清洗伤口
12．deal with common injuries 处理常见伤口
aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助
——单句语法填空
①Neighbours aided him with money when he almost lost everything in the fire.
②With the aid of our English teacher，we have made great progress this term.
——词汇升级
③She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not helped her.
→She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not come_to_her_aid．
(1)come to one's aid 帮助某人
with the aid/help of 在……的帮助下
(2)aid sb. in(doing)sth. 在(做)某事方面帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 以某事/物帮助某人
aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某
I didn't speak any French，but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.
我不会说法语，但是一个好心人帮了我的忙，告诉我到哪里去。
vital adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)Understanding history is vital to understanding(understand)ourselves as a people and as a nation.
②What's more，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to_obey(obey)traffic rules.
——微写作
③此外，在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
Besides，it's_vital_that_you_should_mind_your_table_manners in China when you attend a dinner party.
be vital for/to sth. 对……极为重要
be of vital importance to... 对……至关重要
It is vital that sb. (should)do sth. 某人应该做某事是极重要
If we are to make a difference in environmental protection，it's vital that we should begin with small things.如果我们想在环境保护方面有所作为，重要的一点是我们应该从小事做起。
It is necessary/vital/important that...(should)do sth.，should 可以省略。
treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待 n．款待；招待
——单句语法填空
①(2018·6月浙江卷)It was summer，and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.
②After years of regular treatment(treat)，she finally became healthy.
——句式升级
③If the patient was treated in a proper way，he was likely to be saved.
→If_treated in a proper way，the patient was likely to be saved.(省略句)
→Treated in a proper way，the patient was likely to be saved.(分词作状语)
(1)treat sb.as... 把某人看作……
treat sb.to sth. 以……款待……
(2)It's my treat. 我请客。
(3)treatment n. 治疗；处理；待遇
under treatment 在治疗
Drunk driving should be treated as a crime regardless of whether the driver causes a crash.
无论司机是否造成车祸，醉驾都应该被视为犯罪。
“把……当……看待”的表达荟萃：
treat...as；regard/consider...as；think of...as
apply vt.涂；敷；施加；应用；运用 vi.申请；请求；使用
——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions.
②I'd appreciate it if you could take my application(apply)into account at your convenience.
③Apply some medicine to the wounds and then bandage it immediately.涂；敷
——句式升级
④If you apply yourself to your study，you will pass your exam.
→Apply_yourself_to_your_study and you will pass your exam.(祈使句＋and)
→ Applying_yourself_to_your_study，you will pass your exam.(分词作状语)
(1)apply...to... 把……运用到……中；把……涂到……上
apply to... 适应……；适用于……
apply(to...)for... (向……)申请……
apply oneself to 集中精力于
(2)applicant n. 申请人
application n. 申请；申请书；适
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture，I suggest you apply for Peking University，one of the best universities in China.(2018·北京卷书面表达)
鉴于你对中国文化的浓厚兴趣，我建议你申请中国最好的大学之一——北京大学。
单词三维练 ——
用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换
1．(2020·新课标山东卷满分作文)At 8：30 am，the referee announced the rules of the race and the teacher gave us some instructions on how to protect ourselves from injury(injure)during the race.
2．(2019·6月浙江卷)What's particularly interesting is the attitude various(variety)cities have toward Dubanchet's cause.
3．Now，electric shock training and medical treatment(treat)are helping to rescue these big birds.
4．They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections(infect).
5．Tony had some difficulty walking as a result of his swollen(swell)feet.
用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化
1．Alice sat on the sofa quietly with tears pouring(pour)down her face.
2．She always assists me and treats(treat)me like one of the family，for which I am quite grateful.
3．Though the cut on my arm bled(bleed)for a long time last night，I concentrated on reading an interesting story.
在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．In face of failure，it is vital that we (should)keep(keep)up a good state of mind.
2．The amateur player is under treatment，and he is looking forward to returning home.
3．With the local community aiding them with the investigation，the police soon found out the criminal.
4．If you try and lift that heavy suitcase，you will do yourself an injury.
5．You must be aware that this rule cannot be applied to every case.
短语和句式
语境记忆短语 ——
记全记牢 用准用活
1.first_aid 急救2．electric_shock 触电；电休克3．over_and_over_again 反复；多次4．a_number_of 若干；许多5．take_off 脱下；起飞6．fall_ill 生病7．squeeze_out 榨出；挤出8．in_place 在适当的位置；适当9．put_one's_hands_on 找到10．make_a_difference 有影响；产生差别11．act_as 担当 ◎ 选用左栏短语填空1．Robert suddenly fell_ill，but the doctors couldn't find out the reason in such a short time.2．My father will take_off some dead branches from the trees in the garden.3．Having been told over_and_over_again，he still made the same mistakes，which made his parents crazy.4．When we visited Paris，my niece acted_as our guide and showed us around lots of places of interest.5．Hannah was busy with work but she still tried her best to squeeze_out some time from her tight schedule to visit her mother.
仿写用活句式 ——
◎ 单元句式会写1．句式：unless引导条件状语从句教材：Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless_it_is_stuck_to_the_burn. 除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。2．句式：be doing...when...意为“正在做……突然……”教材：John was_studying_in_his_room_when he heard screaming.约翰正在房间里学习，突然听到了尖叫声。3．句式：There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”教材：There_is_no_doubt_that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade's life.毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能，挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。4．句式：where在句中引导表语从句，表示“……的地方”教材：The functions of your skin are also very complex：it keeps you warm or cool；it prevents your body from losing too much water；it_is_where_you_feel_cold，heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.皮肤的功能十分复杂：皮肤能保暖或散热，保持体内水分不过多流失。正是皮肤让你感到冷热和疼痛，它还使你有触觉。 ◎ 单元主题佳句背诵——安全常识与自我保护1．If bitten by a poisonous snake or insect，you are supposed to squeeze the poison out as soon as possible and apply some medicine.如果被毒蛇或昆虫咬了，你应该尽快把毒液挤出来，然后敷上一些药。2．If you get your ankle sprained while walking，put an ice bag on it immediately to prevent further injury.如果你在走路的时候扭伤了脚踝，立即在上面敷上冰袋以防止进一步受伤。3．We do our best to be careful and prevent bad things from happening.我们尽自己最大的努力小心翼翼，防范事故。4．Everyone should know what to do if an accident were to happen.如果发生事故，每个人都应知道该怎么做。5．If I had known more about giving first aid，I could have helped them.要是我多懂得一些急救知识，我就能帮助他们了。
in place在适当的位置；适当
——用place短语填空
①The woman likes being tidy，so she began to put everything in_place．
②Some of these books are out_of_place，making the whole room messy.
——词汇升级
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Firstly，with a good command of English，I'm quite qualified for the volunteer job.
→In_the_first_place，with a good command of English，I'm quite qualified for the volunteer job.
(1)out of place 不在适当位置；不合适
in place of 代替；取代
in the first place 首先；第一点
(2)take place 发生
take the place of 代替；取
Mary took the place of Tom to arrange the meeting which would take place in the company.
玛丽代替汤姆安排将在公司举行的会议。
make a difference区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
——单句语法填空
①Even if it is a small thing，it could still make much difference to the environment.
②The twins are so alike；it's difficult to tell the difference between them.
——词汇升级
③I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behaviors will work.
→I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behaviors will make_a_difference．
(1)make a difference to 对……有作用/有影响
make some/no/little difference(to...) (对……)有/没有/很少有作用或影响
(2)tell the difference(between...and...) 辨别/区分(……与……
Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish.
只有我们言行一致才能对所要做的任何事情有作用。
句型公式：unless引导条件状语从句
(教材P34) Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
——单句语法填空
①Unless the weather gets(get)better，I will stay at home.
②I won't attend the party to be held tomorrow unless invited(invite).
——一句多译
众所周知，除非你有规律地进行锻炼，否则身体就不会健康。
③It is known to all that unless_you_exercise_regularly，you won't keep fit.(unless)
④It is known to all that if_you_don't_exercise_regularly，you won't keep healthy.(if)
(1)unless意为“除非；如果不”，引导一个肯定的条件状语从句，可与if...not引导的否定状语从句互换。
(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。
(3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略
Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion unless he wants their support.(2019·天津卷)
汤姆很独立，除非需要父母的支持，他从不征求父母的意见。
句型公式：be doing...when...正在做某事……这时……
(教材P38) John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了尖叫声。
——单句语法填空
①I was_wondering(wonder)whether to participate when my English teacher came by，telling me that it was a good chance to display my talent.
②She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry out when she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.
③The professor had just finished his speech when students rushed out of the classroom.
——微写作
④当我女儿听到呼救声时，我们正收拾行李准备去度周末。
We were_packing_to_leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.
(1)be doing...when... 表示“正在做……这时……”
(2)be about to do...when... 表示“正打算做……这时……”
(3)be on the point of doing...when... 表示“正要做……这时……”
(4)had just done...when... 表示“刚做完……这时……
I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car.
我去书店的路上，正在一个十字路口等绿灯，这时一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆驶过的汽车撞倒了。
短语句式二维练 ——
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning(turn)brown.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Just last year，I was_conducting(conduct)a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door.
3．Unless unexpected things happen，I'll accompany you to the bookstore tomorrow.
4．As is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
5．We have a lot in common；that is where we can cooperate.
1．除非下大雪，否则我们还是照常去上学。
Unless_it_snows_heavily，we will go to school as usual.
2．只有我们知道如何过低碳生活，我们才能有所不同。
Only if we know how to live a low carbon life can_we_make_a_difference．
3．如果我们能做到如上所述，毫无疑问，我们就能掌握英语。
If we can do as mentioned above，there_is_no_doubt_that_we_can_master_English．
4．重要的是我们应从失败中吸取教训。(vital)
①What's_vital_is_that we should learn something from failure.(主语从句)
②It's_vital_that_we(should)learn_something from failure.(it作形式主语)
5．The knowledge that my mother had taught me helped me solve the problem.
→It_was_the_knowledge_that_my_mother_had_taught_me_that helped me solve the problem.(强调句型)
维度1 生词生义
1．(2020·江苏卷阅读C)Just before and an hour after each workout，the scientists took additional samples of the men's blood and fat tissue.n.(生物)组织
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ七选五)To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.n.皮肤
3．(2019·天津卷阅读A)It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become.adj.必要的
维度2 熟词生义
1．(2019·浙江卷6月)After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC，the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.adv.在现场直播
2．(2020·新高考山东卷阅读C)On his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.n.体验
3．Money was tight，but we had a roof over our heads，food on the table，clothes on our backs and，if not a lot，always enough.adj.不宽裕的
用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文
你校英文报正在开展主题为“急救知识”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己所了解的急救知识，并给英文报社投稿。
Cuts are very common injuries in our daily life，which will cause pain，swelling or bleeding.What's worse，1.the_victims_may_get_infected(受害者可能会被感染)or even die.However，2.it_is_a_knowledge_of_how_to_treat_cuts_that_can_make_a_big_difference(是一种如何治疗伤口的知识有重大影响).
For a simple cut，it is only necessary to wash the area of the cut，dry it and cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth.If the person is bleeding badly，3.it_is_vital_that_you_should_try_to_stop_the_bleeding_by_applying_pressure_to_the_injury(至关重要的是你应该试着施加压力止血).That is because if a person loses one third of his or her blood，he or she may die.If necessary，4.take_the_injured_person_to_the_hospital(把受伤的人送到医院)immediately.
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