Unit 4 Earthquakes
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·贵阳市四校高三年级联考四)
Every year，thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums.But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life？A new report suggests that the answer is yes—and finds that arts based museum programs are credited with changing the course of alumni's(毕业生的) lives，even years after the fact.
The Whitney Museum of American Art，the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art，Los Angeles recently asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their long standing teen art programs really are.They involved over 300 former participants of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s.Alumni，whose current ages range from 18 to 36，were invited to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact.
Among the alumni surveyed，75 percent of them thought the teen art program experience had the most favorable impact on their own lives，beating the family，school and their neighborhoods.Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they'd ever had，regardless of age.And two thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.
It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens enthusiastic about culture even after they reach adulthood：Ninety six percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years，and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years.Thirty two percent of alumni work in the arts as adults.
Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact of teen specific art programs in museums，it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts.A decade of surveys by the National Endowment for the Arts found that the childhood experience with the arts is significantly associated with people's income and educational attainments(成就) as adults.Other studies have linked arts education to everything from lower dropout rates to improvement in critical thinking skills.
1．Why were the researchers asked to conduct the study
A．To change the course of alumni's lives.
B．To introduce the art museums.
C．To find out how effective the long standing teen art programs are.
D．To invite people to participate in the art programs.
2．What do the figures in Paragraph 3 show
A．Students are more influenced by the family and school.
B．Teen art programs in museums are highly beneficial.
C.Many teens fail to realize the great value of art programs.
D．Most experiences in museums are boring for today's teens.
3．What does Paragraph 4 tell us about art programs
A．They create adults who are culturally aware.
B．They are intended to attract more adults.
C．They are designed to support art museums.
D．They provide many job opportunities for adults.
4．What do the studies mentioned in the last paragraph have in common
A．All suggest the need to improve museum programs.
B．All show the growing popularity of art programs.
C．All focus on the link between art and education.
D．All prove the good effects of art education.
B
(2020·成都市高中毕业班第三次诊断)
“Like a monster，it destroys everything.”That's how one schoolgirl described a tsunami(海啸).
On Dec.26，2004，a magnitude?9.1 earthquake in Indonesia set off a massive tsunami.It killed more than 290，000 people across a dozen countries and cost an estimated $10 billion in damage.
Nov.5 is World Tsunami Awareness Day and at the United Nations，disaster risk reduction was high on the agenda.
“What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped，” said Bulgarians U．N.Ambassador Georgi Velikov Panayotov.He was on vacation in Thailand in 2004 and survived the tsunami.“What we can do is build early warning systems and，of course，educate the population about the damaging power of the tsunami wave，” he said.
On March 11，2011，a magnitude?9 earthquake rocked northeastern Japan triggering a fierce tsunami that also damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant，south of Sendai.
“When the big earthquake hit Japan in 2011，people thought that we were prepared for it，” said Japan's U．N.Ambassador Koro Bessho.“It caused severe damage.We had dams；we had drills.However，we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500 years or thousand years，”he said.
These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness.In 2015 the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was born.It aims to help create a better understanding of disaster risk and improve preparedness for an effective response.
Indonesia is made up of thousands of islands which are disaster?prone(灾害频发区).Willem Rampangilei，head of Indonesia National Board for Disaster Management，said his government now has plans for every disaster?prone city.
Countries at risk are also expanding their education programs.Children from an early age are taught how to react in case of a tsunami and then go with their classmates to higher ground away from coastal areas to avoid the walls of water the tsunami triggers.
5．What does Georgi Velikov Panayotov mainly talk about
A．The general features of a tsunami.
B．Ways for humans to face a tsunami.
C．His suffering in the 2004 tsunami.
D．The loss caused by the 2004 tsunami.
6．In Koro Bessho's opinion，why did the 2011 earthquake cause severe damage
A．It caused a fierce tsunami.
B．It destroyed a nuclear plant.
C．The size was beyond expectation.
D．There was no effective defense system.
7．What common belief pushed different countries to take action to face a coming tsunami
A．Children should be protected by all means.
B．The improvement of preparedness can reduce damage.
C．Proper response in case of a tsunami can save one's life.
D．Stronger measures should be taken in disaster?prone areas.
8．Which can be the best title of the text
A．World Tsunami Awareness Day
B．Nations Attacked by a Massive Tsunami
C．The Unpredictable and Destructive Disaster
D．Learn from Disasters to Prevent Future Ones
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021·湖南省高三六校联考)
Dana Gendreau，46，an Ohio mom，read in the newspaper about high school football players who continued to take the __1__despite not having food to eat at home or even a place to call home.Immediately，she got in touch with the head football coach at Hughes High School，Chris Mobley.
Because her 10 year old son also played football，she knew how __2__ proper nutrition is for athletes so she decided to start buying fruit and high protein snacks for the players at Hughes High School.She also __3__other parents on her son's youth football team to see if they would want to __4__．The response was __5__．Since September，Gendreau and the other parents have been able to provide nearly $500 of groceries each week for the Hughes football team.Soon after Gendreau began organizing the __6__，the high school team began winning games—something Mobley __7__to Gendreau's generosity.“Practices now have been full of __8__，”Mobley said.“I think that is a direct reflection of Gendreau.”
But Gendreau remains __9__ and said it's just her way of paying it forward.When she was little，she __10__ homelessness herself，but one __11__ act from her coach shifted her focus.“I remember one of my coaches gave me a festival gift of money so I could __12__ a pair of shoes for the sport，”she said.“That never __13__ me，the kindness she showed me.I know that no matter what __14__ in my life，I am going to help others.”Gendreau eventually hopes this story will __15__ others to fulfill needs in their own communities.
1．A.field B．chance
C．advice D．risk
2．A.convenient B．expensive
C．signifcant D．sensitive
3．A.contacted B．confused
C．conducted D．convinced
4．A.hang around B．join in
C．show off D．bring up
5．A.disappointing B．integrated
C．skeptical D．enthusiastic
6．A.institutions B．conferences
C．investigations D．donations
7．A.casts B．owes
C．devotes D．points
8．A.variety B．peace
C．energy D．regret
9．A.optimistic B．modest
C．careful D．reliable
10．A.experienced B．discovered
C．misunderstood D．predicted
11．A.painful B．brave
C．awkward D．kind
12．A.purchase B．award
C．promise D．deliver
13．A.touches B．warns
C．leaves D．charges
14．A.fails B．happens
C．rests D．wanders
15．A.force B．advise
C．discourage D．stimulate
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·云南省七校高考适应性考试三)
Duilian is traditional Chinese couplets(对联)，also known as yinglian or duizi.According to the usage，it can be 1.________(general) classified into Spring Festival couplets，wedding couplets，trade couplets，social couplets and entertaining or 2.________(humor)couplets.The traditional couplets vary greatly in 3.________(long).The shortest one contains one or two characters，and the longest one contains several hundred characters，usually 4.________(find)on ancient Chinese buildings.A couplet must have the following features：5.________ number of characters of one line is equal to that of the other line and both lines have the same sense groups.
A couplet writer may show his feelings 6.________ means of describing the scenery or express his wishes in his works.7.________ he wants to convey，the writer is expected to be good at summarization and Chinese 8.________(produce)a couplet with a few characters that is excellent in both content and language.
With the cultural exchanges among different countries all over the world，Chinese couplets 9.________(begin)to spread to Vietnam，Japan，and Singapore in the 20th century.As a result，the custom of putting up Spring Festival couplets 10.________(observe)in these countries at present as well.
PAGE
9Unit 4 Earthquakes
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·贵阳市四校高三年级联考四)
Every year，thousands of teenagers participate in programs at their local art museums.But do any of them remember their time at museum events later in life？A new report suggests that the answer is yes—and finds that arts based museum programs are credited with changing the course of alumni's(毕业生的) lives，even years after the fact.
The Whitney Museum of American Art，the Walker Art Center and the Museum of Contemporary Art，Los Angeles recently asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their long standing teen art programs really are.They involved over 300 former participants of four programs for teens that have been in existence since the 1990s.Alumni，whose current ages range from 18 to 36，were invited to find out how they viewed their participation years after the fact.
Among the alumni surveyed，75 percent of them thought the teen art program experience had the most favorable impact on their own lives，beating the family，school and their neighborhoods.Nearly 55 percent thought that it was one of the most important experiences they'd ever had，regardless of age.And two thirds said that they were often in situations where their experience in museums affected their actions or thoughts.
It turns out that participating in art programs also helps keep teens enthusiastic about culture even after they reach adulthood：Ninety six percent of participants had visited an art museum within the last two years，and 68 percent had visited an art museum five or more times within the last two years.Thirty two percent of alumni work in the arts as adults.
Though the study is the first of its kind to explore the impact of teen specific art programs in museums，it reflects other research on the important benefits of engaging with the arts.A decade of surveys by the National Endowment for the Arts found that the childhood experience with the arts is significantly associated with people's income and educational attainments(成就) as adults.Other studies have linked arts education to everything from lower dropout rates to improvement in critical thinking skills.
语篇解读 研究发现，青少年参加的博物馆组织的艺术项目活动，对他们之后的生活产生了积极的影响。
1．Why were the researchers asked to conduct the study
A．To change the course of alumni's lives.
B．To introduce the art museums.
C．To find out how effective the long standing teen art programs are.
D．To invite people to participate in the art programs.
C [考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中的“asked researchers to conduct a study to find out how effective their long standing teen art programs really are”可知，让研究人员进行该研究是为了弄清楚长期存在的青少年艺术项目到底有多有效。故选C。]
2．What do the figures in Paragraph 3 show
A．Students are more influenced by the family and school.
B．Teen art programs in museums are highly beneficial.
C.Many teens fail to realize the great value of art programs.
D．Most experiences in museums are boring for today's teens.
B [考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容可知，75%的毕业生认为青少年艺术项目经历对他们的生活的有利影响最大，超过了家庭、学校和社区；近55%的人认为这是他们一生中最重要的经历之一，与年龄无关；三分之二的人说，他们在博物馆的经历常常会影响他们的行为或思想。由此可推知该段中的数据表明博物馆的青少年艺术项目活动是非常有益的。故选B。]
3．What does Paragraph 4 tell us about art programs
A．They create adults who are culturally aware.
B．They are intended to attract more adults.
C．They are designed to support art museums.
D．They provide many job opportunities for adults.
A [考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“It turns out that participating in art program also helps keep teens enthusiastic about culture even after they reach adulthood”及其后的数据可知，参加艺术活动也有助于保持青少年对文化的热情，甚至到他们成年以后。由此可推知，艺术项目活动培养出了对文化有兴趣的成年人。故选A。]
4．What do the studies mentioned in the last paragraph have in common
A．All suggest the need to improve museum programs.
B．All show the growing popularity of art programs.
C．All focus on the link between art and education.
D．All prove the good effects of art education.
D [考查推理判断。根据最后一段第二句可知，美国国家艺术基金会为期十年的调查发现，童年时期的艺术体验与人们成年后的收入和学业成就显著相关。由此可推知，最后一段所提到的研究的共同之处在于，它们都证明了艺术教育对人的积极影响，与本段第一句表述的内容相呼应。故选D。]
B
(2020·成都市高中毕业班第三次诊断)
“Like a monster，it destroys everything.”That's how one schoolgirl described a tsunami(海啸).
On Dec.26，2004，a magnitude?9.1 earthquake in Indonesia set off a massive tsunami.It killed more than 290，000 people across a dozen countries and cost an estimated $10 billion in damage.
Nov.5 is World Tsunami Awareness Day and at the United Nations，disaster risk reduction was high on the agenda.
“What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped，” said Bulgarians U．N.Ambassador Georgi Velikov Panayotov.He was on vacation in Thailand in 2004 and survived the tsunami.“What we can do is build early warning systems and，of course，educate the population about the damaging power of the tsunami wave，” he said.
On March 11，2011，a magnitude?9 earthquake rocked northeastern Japan triggering a fierce tsunami that also damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant，south of Sendai.
“When the big earthquake hit Japan in 2011，people thought that we were prepared for it，” said Japan's U．N.Ambassador Koro Bessho.“It caused severe damage.We had dams；we had drills.However，we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500 years or thousand years，”he said.
These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness.In 2015 the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction was born.It aims to help create a better understanding of disaster risk and improve preparedness for an effective response.
Indonesia is made up of thousands of islands which are disaster?prone(灾害频发区).Willem Rampangilei，head of Indonesia National Board for Disaster Management，said his government now has plans for every disaster?prone city.
Countries at risk are also expanding their education programs.Children from an early age are taught how to react in case of a tsunami and then go with their classmates to higher ground away from coastal areas to avoid the walls of water the tsunami triggers.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了两次海啸带来的灾难及人们面对海啸应该做什么，并说明一些国家已在改进灾害防范准备工作以减少损害。
5．What does Georgi Velikov Panayotov mainly talk about
A．The general features of a tsunami.
B．Ways for humans to face a tsunami.
C．His suffering in the 2004 tsunami.
D．The loss caused by the 2004 tsunami.
B [考查细节理解。根据题干中的“Georgi Velikov Panayotov”定位到第四段，根据Georgi Velikov Panayotov所说的话“What I can tell you is that the tsunami wave cannot be stopped”“What we can do is build early warning systems and，of course，educate the population about the damaging power of the tsunami wave”可知，他主要谈论的是人类面对海啸的方式，故B项正确。]
6．In Koro Bessho's opinion，why did the 2011 earthquake cause severe damage
A．It caused a fierce tsunami.
B．It destroyed a nuclear plant.
C．The size was beyond expectation.
D．There was no effective defense system.
C [考查细节理解。根据题干中的“Koro Bessho”定位到第六段，根据该段中的“We had dams；we had drills.However，we had been counting on something that hits every 100 years and the earthquake was of the size of possibly every 500 years or thousand years”可知，Koro Bessho认为地震规模超出了预期，造成了严重破坏，故C项正确。]
7．What common belief pushed different countries to take action to face a coming tsunami
A．Children should be protected by all means.
B．The improvement of preparedness can reduce damage.
C．Proper response in case of a tsunami can save one's life.
D．Stronger measures should be taken in disaster?prone areas.
B [考查细节理解。根据第七段第一句“These two events sent the countries of the region into overdrive to review and improve disaster preparedness”可知，这些地区的国家都认为改进防灾准备工作可以减少损害，故B项正确。]
8．Which can be the best title of the text
A．World Tsunami Awareness Day
B．Nations Attacked by a Massive Tsunami
C．The Unpredictable and Destructive Disaster
D．Learn from Disasters to Prevent Future Ones
D [考查标题判断。本文主要介绍了两次海啸带来的灾难及人们面对海啸应该做什么，并说明一些国家已在改进防灾准备工作以减少损害。故D项“从灾难中学习以预防未来的灾难”最适合作本文标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021·湖南省高三六校联考)
Dana Gendreau，46，an Ohio mom，read in the newspaper about high school football players who continued to take the __1__despite not having food to eat at home or even a place to call home.Immediately，she got in touch with the head football coach at Hughes High School，Chris Mobley.
Because her 10 year old son also played football，she knew how __2__ proper nutrition is for athletes so she decided to start buying fruit and high protein snacks for the players at Hughes High School.She also __3__other parents on her son's youth football team to see if they would want to __4__．The response was __5__．Since September，Gendreau and the other parents have been able to provide nearly $500 of groceries each week for the Hughes football team.Soon after Gendreau began organizing the __6__，the high school team began winning games—something Mobley __7__to Gendreau's generosity.“Practices now have been full of __8__，”Mobley said.“I think that is a direct reflection of Gendreau.”
But Gendreau remains __9__ and said it's just her way of paying it forward.When she was little，she __10__ homelessness herself，but one __11__ act from her coach shifted her focus.“I remember one of my coaches gave me a festival gift of money so I could __12__ a pair of shoes for the sport，”she said.“That never __13__ me，the kindness she showed me.I know that no matter what __14__ in my life，I am going to help others.”Gendreau eventually hopes this story will __15__ others to fulfill needs in their own communities.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。一个妈妈在报纸上了解到一个高中足球队的队员们在没有食物甚至没有家的情况下也继续上场比赛，于是她就为球队捐赠食物，并组织孩子球队的其他父母进行食物捐献，她开始组织捐赠后不久，这个球队开始赢得比赛。这位妈妈也希望自己的行为能够鼓励其他人去满足他们社区的需求。
1．A.field B．chance
C．advice D．risk
A [考查语境推断。根据语境可推知，当时报纸上说一个高中的足球队的队员们在没有食物甚至没有家的情况下继续上场比赛。field“运动场”。]
2．A.convenient B．expensive
C．signifcant D．sensitive
C [考查常识推断。根据常识可推知，适当的营养对运动员来讲是重要的。significant“重要的”。]
3．A.contacted B．confused
C．conducted D．convinced
A [考查语境推断。根据该句中的“to see if they would want to ______”和下句中的“The response”可推知，Gendreau也联系了她儿子球队的其他父母，看他们是否愿意加入，一起给足球队提供食物。]
4．A.hang around B．join in
C．show off D．bring up
B [考查语境推断。参见上题解析。]
5．A.disappointing B．integrated
C．skeptical D．enthusiastic
D [考查逻辑推断。根据下文“Gendreau and the other parents have been able to provide nearly $500 of groceries each week for the Hughes football team”可推知，其他父母反应热烈。integrated“综合的，完整统一的”不符合语境。]
6．A.institutions B．conferences
C．investigations D．donations
D [考查逻辑推断。根据空前一句和下文中的“Gendreau's generosity”可推知，此处表示Gendreau组织捐献活动。]
7．A.casts B．owes
C．devotes D．points
B [考查逻辑推断。根据下文“I think that is a direct reflection of Gendreau”可推知，校足球教练Mobley把校队赢得比赛归功于Gendreau的慷慨。owe...to...“把……归功于……”。]
8．A.variety B．peace
C．energy D．regret
C [考查逻辑推断。联系上文可推知，由于Gendreau和其他父母所捐献的食物，队员们现在不再缺少吃的了，因此训练时充满了能量。]
9．A.optimistic B．modest
C．careful D．reliable
B [考查语境推断。根据该句中的“said it's just her way of paying it forward”可推知，Gendreau对此很谦虚。modest“谦虚的，谦逊的”。]
10．A.experienced B．discovered
C．misunderstood D．predicted
A [考查语境推断。根据语境和下文表述的在Gendreau小时候，一个教练送给了她钱，她才有钱买一双运动鞋可推知，Gendreau小的时候也遭受过无家可归。]
11．A.painful B．brave
C．awkward D．kind
D [考查同义复现。此处与下文“the kindness”呼应，表示一个教练的善行转移了Gendreau当时的注意力。]
12．A.purchase B．award
C．promise D．deliver
A [考查语境推断。根据句中的“a festival gift of money”“so”可推知，一个教练送给了Gendreau钱，Gendreau才能买一双运动鞋。]
13．A.touches B．warns
C．leaves D．charges
C [考查语境推断。根据语境和上文表述的Gendreau为一个高中校足球队捐赠食物可知，这种善意从来没有离开过Gendreau，无论她生活中发生什么事，她都会去帮助他人。]
14．A.fails B．happens
C．rests D．wanders
B [参见上题解析。]
15．A.force B．advise
C．discourage D．stimulate
D [考查语境推断。Gendreau希望这个故事能够激励他人去满足他们社区的需求。stimulate“激励”。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·云南省七校高考适应性考试三)
Duilian is traditional Chinese couplets(对联)，also known as yinglian or duizi.According to the usage，it can be 1.________(general) classified into Spring Festival couplets，wedding couplets，trade couplets，social couplets and entertaining or 2.________(humor)couplets.The traditional couplets vary greatly in 3.________(long).The shortest one contains one or two characters，and the longest one contains several hundred characters，usually 4.________(find)on ancient Chinese buildings.A couplet must have the following features：5.________ number of characters of one line is equal to that of the other line and both lines have the same sense groups.
A couplet writer may show his feelings 6.________ means of describing the scenery or express his wishes in his works.7.________ he wants to convey，the writer is expected to be good at summarization and Chinese 8.________(produce)a couplet with a few characters that is excellent in both content and language.
With the cultural exchanges among different countries all over the world，Chinese couplets 9.________(begin)to spread to Vietnam，Japan，and Singapore in the 20th century.As a result，the custom of putting up Spring Festival couplets 10.________(observe)in these countries at present as well.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。以中国的对联为话题，介绍了对联的种类、特征及表达的含义，且对联现在在其他一些国家也可看到。
1．解析： 考查副词。空处修饰动词，应用副词形式，故填generally。
答案： generally
2．解析： 考查形容词。根据空前的entertaining和空后的couplets可知，此处应用形容词作定语。
答案： humorous
3．解析： 考查名词。根据语境可知，此处表示对联在长度上差别很大。vary in sth.“在某方面有差异/不同”，空处应填名词形式length。
答案： length
4．解析： 考查非谓语动词。空处所在部分作后置定语修饰前面提到的“the longest one”，主语与find之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词found。
答案： found
5．解析： 考查冠词。此处表达“……的数量”，表示特指，故用定冠词the。
答案： the
6．解析： 考查介词。此处表示“借助于”，故用介词by构成by means of “借助……手段”短语。
答案： by
7．解析： 考查让步状语从句。无论作者想传达什么，他都得有好的概括力和驾驭汉语的本领。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处所在的句子为让步状语从句，从句中的convey是及物动词，故引导词作convey的宾语，此处表示“无论什么”，故只能填Whatever。
答案： Whatever
8．解析： 考查非谓语动词。分析句意可知，此处作目的状语，故填不定式。
答案： to produce
9．解析： 考查动词的时态。根据语境以及后面的时间状语“in the 20th century”可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时。
答案： began
10．解析： 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。结合语境以及时间状语“at present”可知，此处描述现在存在的情况，应用一般现在时。主语为custom，且与谓语动词之间是被动关系，故用is observed。observe在此处表示“遵守，奉行”。
答案： is observed
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