Unit 2 Healthy eating
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·东北三省四市高考模拟)
Until last year，Borris would never turn down a pork steak.By the time his owner，Annemarie Formoy，entered him in the PDSA Pet Fit Club competition，he was 28kg—almost double his recommended weight.Thanks to a tailored six month diet and exercise，he is now 7kg lighter.
Borris，at his heaviest，was not alone.The worldwide rate of pet obesity(肥胖症) lies between 22% and 44%.The reasons are fairly predictable.Owners of overweight dogs feed them more snacks and table leftovers，are more likely to have their pets present as they prepare their own meals and are less likely to walk them daily.Owners of obese cats tend to use food as a reward and play with them less.
But obesity also seems to be occurring even in some wild animals that aren't being overfed or under exercised.If these findings are true，something else must be driving obesity and uncovering those could help solve our own problems with the condition.
“Labradors are consistently the headline act when it comes to overweight dogs，” says Eleanor Raffan，a veterinarian and geneticist.She and fellow researchers discovered that a genetic mutation(基因变异) present in around a quarter of Labradors was associated with obesity.For each copy of the mutation—which occurred in a gene called POMC—a dog was about 2kg heavier.Most of the animals the researchers studied had one copy of the mutation，but fewer had two.
“These are dogs always in the kitchen when owners are preparing food，sticking around scouring_a_titbit even if there's not much chance of getting food，or eating disgusting stuff on walks，” Raffan says.“But they're not doing that because it's fun.They're doing it because they're hungry.”
That's because POMC mutations disturb the brain's function of controlling food intake and energy consumption.As a result，the behaviour of these Labradors becomes very food motivated.
1．What is the function of mentioning Borris in the beginning
A．Stress obesity is common in pets.
B．Show people's love for pets.
C．Reveal pets have a superior lifestyle.
D．Indicate the need for pets to lose weight.
2．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed
A．By listing figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing causes.
D．By making comparisons.
3．Why are Labradors ranked first among obese dogs
A．They tend to be lazy by nature.
B．They all carry POMC genes.
C．Their owners often overfeed them.
D．Many of them have POMC mutations.
4．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in Paragraph 5
A．Look for something to eat.
B．Take up the kitchen.
C．Get something down.
D．Make up to their owners.
B
(2020·石家庄市高三年级阶段性训练题)
Yoga is an ancient physical and spiritual practice originating in India.The word “yoga” comes from Sanskrit(梵文) and means joining or uniting，symbolizing the union of the body and mind.Today it is practiced in various forms around the world and continues to grow in popularity.Recognizing its universal appeal，the United Nations declared 21 June as the International Day of Yoga in 2014 to raise awareness worldwide of the many benefits of practicing yoga.
Yoga is an invaluable gift from an ancient tradition.It's not just about exercise but a way to discover the sense of oneness，with yourself，nature and the world.There is no written record of who inventing yoga.Yoga practitioners(从业者) passed down the principles to their students.The earliest written record of yoga is generally believed to be written by Patanjali，an Indian master who lived somewhere between 2，000 and 2，500 years ago.
Various yoga types give you multiple choices.Hatha yoga is the most widely practiced type and is excellent for beginners.It is gentle with slow and smooth movements.Kundalini yoga combines a singing session besides body and mental control.Bikram yoga is practiced in a heated room.It is to loosen up muscles and to sweat to clean the body and remove symptoms of disease and pain.Ashtanga yoga is taught as a difficult workout where you move quickly from one gesture to another to build strength and patience.
In recent years，the World Health Organization has urged countries to help their citizens reduce physical inactivity，which is among the top ten leading causes of death worldwide，and a key risk factor for non?communicable diseases，such as cancer and diabetes.Yoga is a proper exercise.It is known for its ability to ease stress and anxiety.It may also help reduce several risk factors for heart diseases and promote a better sleep.
5．Why did the United Nations set the International Day of Yoga
A．To promote the research into Sanskrit.
B．To help people know more about India.
C．To popularize yoga practice worldwide.
D．To give a declaration on cultural diversity.
6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The principles of yoga.
B．The history of yoga.
C．The benefits of yoga.
D．An Indian yoga master.
7．What will you choose if you're looking for a challenging exercise
A．Hatha yoga. B．Kundalini yoga.
C．Bikram yoga. D．Ashtanga yoga.
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Physical inactivity causes deadly diseases.
B．Yoga can help prevent communicable diseases.
C．Little or no exercise puts people's health at risk.
D．Yoga can be a cure for many kinds of diseases.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·烟台市高考诊断性测试)
The Slow Food Movement started in Rome，Italy in 1986.When a new McDonald's was opening near a beautiful historic place，some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted，“We do not want fast food，we want slow food！”
__1__ One day Carlo Petrini went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal.But the food didn't taste the same as he remembered.He learned that the peppers were shipped from abroad because the prices were low.This deeply concerned Carlo.
Carlo wanted people to care about where their foods came from and how their foods made their culture special.So he started a group to encourage this idea.It soon became the Slow Food Movement.__2__
First，what is good food？Good food is fresh.The vegetables are eaten close to the place where they are grown.The fish hasn't been sitting for days before it is eaten.Good food is seasonable.__3__ Good food satisfies the senses.It should look good，smell good and taste good.And finally，good food is cultural food.Each country has special foods that make it different.
Second，food should be clean.Today，there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food.Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants.But the chemicals can also harm the natural environment around farms.__4__ Clean food means food that does not harm our bodies or the environment.
And third，food should be fair.__5__ All people should be able to purchase healthy food.The people who grow and make food should be paid fairly for their work.They should work in safe，healthy conditions.
A．Food should not cost too much money.
B．Its goal is to have good，clean，fair food for all people.
C．Over time，they can cause health problems in people too.
D．That was how the Slow Food Movement came into being.
E．It should be grown at the best time of the year for that food.
F．Today the Slow Food Movement has already expanded out of Italy.
G．This event wasn't the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2020·温州4月份适应性测试)
假定你是李华，下个月要参加某外国语大学入学英语面试，发邮件向你校外教Chris请教，内容包括：
1．口语表达；
2．面试技巧；
3．注意事项。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
7Unit 2 Healthy eating
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·东北三省四市高考模拟)
Until last year，Borris would never turn down a pork steak.By the time his owner，Annemarie Formoy，entered him in the PDSA Pet Fit Club competition，he was 28kg—almost double his recommended weight.Thanks to a tailored six month diet and exercise，he is now 7kg lighter.
Borris，at his heaviest，was not alone.The worldwide rate of pet obesity(肥胖症) lies between 22% and 44%.The reasons are fairly predictable.Owners of overweight dogs feed them more snacks and table leftovers，are more likely to have their pets present as they prepare their own meals and are less likely to walk them daily.Owners of obese cats tend to use food as a reward and play with them less.
But obesity also seems to be occurring even in some wild animals that aren't being overfed or under exercised.If these findings are true，something else must be driving obesity and uncovering those could help solve our own problems with the condition.
“Labradors are consistently the headline act when it comes to overweight dogs，” says Eleanor Raffan，a veterinarian and geneticist.She and fellow researchers discovered that a genetic mutation(基因变异) present in around a quarter of Labradors was associated with obesity.For each copy of the mutation—which occurred in a gene called POMC—a dog was about 2kg heavier.Most of the animals the researchers studied had one copy of the mutation，but fewer had two.
“These are dogs always in the kitchen when owners are preparing food，sticking around scouring_a_titbit even if there's not much chance of getting food，or eating disgusting stuff on walks，” Raffan says.“But they're not doing that because it's fun.They're doing it because they're hungry.”
That's because POMC mutations disturb the brain's function of controlling food intake and energy consumption.As a result，the behaviour of these Labradors becomes very food motivated.
语篇解读 全球宠物肥胖率在22%到44%之间，弄清楚宠物肥胖的原因对人类应对肥胖问题也很有启发。
1．What is the function of mentioning Borris in the beginning
A．Stress obesity is common in pets.
B．Show people's love for pets.
C．Reveal pets have a superior lifestyle.
D．Indicate the need for pets to lose weight.
A [考查推理判断。根据第一段内容可知，文章开头提及肥胖的Borris被其主人送去参加宠物健身俱乐部大赛以帮助其减肥，再结合第二段开头的“Borris，at his heaviest，was not alone”可知，Borris并不是个案，由此可推知文章第一段举Borris的例子的作用是强调宠物肥胖很常见。故选A。]
2．How is Paragraph 2 mainly developed
A．By listing figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing causes.
D．By making comparisons.
C [考查写作手法。根据第二段内容，尤其是“The reasons are fairly predictable”可知，本段先指出全球宠物肥胖率在22%到44%之间，然后分析这一现象的原因。故选C。]
3．Why are Labradors ranked first among obese dogs
A．They tend to be lazy by nature.
B．They all carry POMC genes.
C．Their owners often overfeed them.
D．Many of them have POMC mutations.
D [考查细节理解。根据第四段内容可知，约有四分之一的拉布拉多犬体内的基因变异与肥胖相关。这种变异发生在名为POMC的基因中，该基因每发生一次变异，狗就会增重约2公斤。]
4．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part in Paragraph 5
A．Look for something to eat.
B．Take up the kitchen.
C．Get something down.
D．Make up to their owners.
A [考查短语理解。根据倒数第二段内容可知，画线部分所在句是说：这些狗在主人准备食物的时候，经常待在厨房里，四处转悠着寻找吃的，即使没什么机会得到一口吃的，或者在路上捡一些令人作呕的东西吃。由此可知，画线部分的含义应是“寻找吃的”，故选A。]
B
(2020·石家庄市高三年级阶段性训练题)
Yoga is an ancient physical and spiritual practice originating in India.The word “yoga” comes from Sanskrit(梵文) and means joining or uniting，symbolizing the union of the body and mind.Today it is practiced in various forms around the world and continues to grow in popularity.Recognizing its universal appeal，the United Nations declared 21 June as the International Day of Yoga in 2014 to raise awareness worldwide of the many benefits of practicing yoga.
Yoga is an invaluable gift from an ancient tradition.It's not just about exercise but a way to discover the sense of oneness，with yourself，nature and the world.There is no written record of who inventing yoga.Yoga practitioners(从业者) passed down the principles to their students.The earliest written record of yoga is generally believed to be written by Patanjali，an Indian master who lived somewhere between 2，000 and 2，500 years ago.
Various yoga types give you multiple choices.Hatha yoga is the most widely practiced type and is excellent for beginners.It is gentle with slow and smooth movements.Kundalini yoga combines a singing session besides body and mental control.Bikram yoga is practiced in a heated room.It is to loosen up muscles and to sweat to clean the body and remove symptoms of disease and pain.Ashtanga yoga is taught as a difficult workout where you move quickly from one gesture to another to build strength and patience.
In recent years，the World Health Organization has urged countries to help their citizens reduce physical inactivity，which is among the top ten leading causes of death worldwide，and a key risk factor for non?communicable diseases，such as cancer and diabetes.Yoga is a proper exercise.It is known for its ability to ease stress and anxiety.It may also help reduce several risk factors for heart diseases and promote a better sleep.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。瑜伽是起源于印度的一种古老的身体和精神练习。文章介绍了瑜伽的发展历程、作用及类型等。
5．Why did the United Nations set the International Day of Yoga
A．To promote the research into Sanskrit.
B．To help people know more about India.
C．To popularize yoga practice worldwide.
D．To give a declaration on cultural diversity.
C [考查细节理解。根据第一段最后一句可知，联合国设立国际瑜伽日的目的是在全世界提高人们对练习瑜伽的好处的认识。故选C。]
6．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．The principles of yoga.
B．The history of yoga.
C．The benefits of yoga.
D．An Indian yoga master.
B [考查段落大意。根据第二段中的“Yoga is an invaluable gift from an ancient tradition”“There is no written record of who inventing yoga”以及“The earliest written record of yoga”可知，第二段主要介绍了瑜伽的发展历程，故选B。]
7．What will you choose if you're looking for a challenging exercise
A．Hatha yoga. B．Kundalini yoga.
C．Bikram yoga. D．Ashtanga yoga.
D [考查推理判断。根据第三段最后一句可知，Ashtanga瑜伽提供了一些高难度的动作以增强人的体力与忍耐力，故选D。]
8．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Physical inactivity causes deadly diseases.
B．Yoga can help prevent communicable diseases.
C．Little or no exercise puts people's health at risk.
D．Yoga can be a cure for many kinds of diseases.
C [考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“the World Health Organization has urged countries to...，and a key risk factor for non?communicable diseases”可知，“physical inactivity”(缺乏运动)是在全世界范围内导致死亡的十大主要原因之一，并且是非传染性疾病的一个关键风险因素。由此可以推断出，缺少运动或者不运动会危及人们的健康，故选C。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·烟台市高考诊断性测试)
The Slow Food Movement started in Rome，Italy in 1986.When a new McDonald's was opening near a beautiful historic place，some people stood outside the restaurant and shouted，“We do not want fast food，we want slow food！”
__1__ One day Carlo Petrini went to a restaurant to eat a traditional meal.But the food didn't taste the same as he remembered.He learned that the peppers were shipped from abroad because the prices were low.This deeply concerned Carlo.
Carlo wanted people to care about where their foods came from and how their foods made their culture special.So he started a group to encourage this idea.It soon became the Slow Food Movement.__2__
First，what is good food？Good food is fresh.The vegetables are eaten close to the place where they are grown.The fish hasn't been sitting for days before it is eaten.Good food is seasonable.__3__ Good food satisfies the senses.It should look good，smell good and taste good.And finally，good food is cultural food.Each country has special foods that make it different.
Second，food should be clean.Today，there are great concerns about the way people grow and produce food.Farmers use chemicals to kill insects and feed plants.But the chemicals can also harm the natural environment around farms.__4__ Clean food means food that does not harm our bodies or the environment.
And third，food should be fair.__5__ All people should be able to purchase healthy food.The people who grow and make food should be paid fairly for their work.They should work in safe，healthy conditions.
A．Food should not cost too much money.
B．Its goal is to have good，clean，fair food for all people.
C．Over time，they can cause health problems in people too.
D．That was how the Slow Food Movement came into being.
E．It should be grown at the best time of the year for that food.
F．Today the Slow Food Movement has already expanded out of Italy.
G．This event wasn't the only thing that started the Slow Food Movement.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了兴起于意大利的“慢食运动”及其目的。
1．G [上文提到当一家快餐店在历史名城罗马开业后，一些人坚决抵制而发起了“慢食运动”；下文是Carlo Petrini在餐馆尝出来自国外的辣椒的口感与传统的不同而集结了一群人并发起了“慢食运动”。所以空处应该是说除了前面提到的那件事，还有一件事促使“慢食运动”的兴起。故G项符合。]
2．B [本段说明Carlo Petrini发起了“慢食运动”，下面三段分层次说了食物应该质量优良、清洁和价格合理。故此空填B选项，说明该运动的目的是让人们有质量优良、清洁、价格合理的食物，且B选项与下文对应。]
3．E [空前说好的食物应该是合时令的。所以此空应该与食物生长的时令有关，故E项符合语境。]
4．C [空前说化学物质会损害农场周围的自然环境。下文说清洁的食物不会伤害人的身体或者环境。所以此空应该是说化学物质对人体也有伤害。]
5．A [空前说食物应该价格公道，空后说所有人应该都能买健康的食物。所以此空应该说食物不应该太昂贵。]
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2020·温州4月份适应性测试)
假定你是李华，下个月要参加某外国语大学入学英语面试，发邮件向你校外教Chris请教，内容包括：
1．口语表达；
2．面试技巧；
3．注意事项。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Chris，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Chris，
I'm Li Hua，a student in your class.I'm writing to consult you about my English admission interview by Shanghai International Studies University next month.
Language proficiency is of vital importance for such an interview，so I'm in urgent need of your professional guidance in my oral English.Besides，some constructive advice on interview techniques will be highly appreciated.Finally，if there are any do's and don'ts in terms of dressing manners and so on，please let me know.
Looking forward to your earliest reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
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