Unit 5 First aid
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·威海市高考模拟)
America's first transcontinental railroad，completed 150 years ago today at Promontory Summit in Utah，connected the vast United States and brought America into the modern age.Chinese immigrants contributed greatly to this notable achievement，but the historical accounts that followed often ignored their role.
Between 1863 and 1869，as many as 20，000 Chinese workers helped build the dangerous western part of the railroad，a winding ribbon of track known as the Central Pacific Railroad.At first，the Central Pacific Railroad's directors wanted a whites?only workforce.When not enough white men signed up，the railroad began hiring Chinese men for the backbreaking pany leaders were skeptical of the new recruits' ability to do the work，but they proved themselves not only capable but even superior to the other workers.
Chinese workers cut through dense forests，filled deep narrow steep?sided valleys，constructed long trestles(高架桥) and built enormous retaining walls(挡土墙)—some of which remain complete and undamaged today.All work was done by hand using carts，shovels and picks but no machinery.However，progress came at great cost：an estimated 1，200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific Railroad.
Despite these facts，Chinese workers were often left out of the official story because of their identity of foreigners.On the transcontinental railroad's 100th birthday，the Chinese workers were still not honored.It was another fifty years later that their role was gradually highlighted.To celebrate the railroad's 150th anniversary in 2019，the California state assembly passed a resolution in 2017 to recognize and honor the Chinese railroad workers by designating May 10，2017，and every May 10 thereafter，as California Chinese Railroad Workers Memorial Day.
1．What might be the best title for the text
A．The Birth of the Central Pacific Railroad Cost Dearly
B．May 10—A Special Day for Chinese Immigrants
C．Chinese Workers' Contributions Gained Recognition
D．The 150th Anniversary of the Central Pacific Railroad
2．What does “ they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Chinese laborers. B．White workers.
C．Company leaders. D．Railroad directors.
3．Why does the author make such detailed descriptions in Paragraph 3
A．To prove Chinese workers' superior skills.
B．To stress the danger and difficulty of the work.
C．To describe the grand scenery along the railroad.
D.To show notable achievements made by Chinese workers.
4．What does the text intend to tell us
A．None so blind as those who won't see.
B．No pains，no gains.
C．Truth will come to light sooner or later.
D．Doing is better than saying.
B
(2020·山东省临沂市一模)
We spend a third of our adult life working and another big part preparing for our careers.Historically，work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose.During the vast majority of our 300，000 year human evolution(进化)，work was in fact pretty simple.We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else，like culture，art，or science.
The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful—is a rather modern，or rather postmodern，invention.Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see workers who returned from a typical workday at factories complain to their folks that they didn't earn much or they were worn out but rare to see they complain they didn't experience a sense of purpose.
Similarly，the idea that we ought to bring our “whole self” to work is a pretty novel and recent form of career advice.Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago.His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work roles.Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day，without bringing their whole self to work.Work is just not a core aspect of their identities，and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother，husband，American，captain of the local soccer team，etc.
Others，however，have a very close psychological connection with their work roles，seeing them as an essential thing intertwined(紧密相连的)with who they are.They don't just come to work.They are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs.They are，it seems，almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for.
5．Why did we spend much of our adult life working during the process of evolution
A．To prepare for future careers.
B．To find the water sources.
C．To help us evolve.
D．To make us survive.
6．Why did the writer mention the workers a century ago
A．To help us find meaning at work.
B．To prove that the idea was modern.
C．To show us the bad old days.
D．To complain about the experiences.
7．Which of the following might William Kahn agree with
A．Employees have different understanding of their work roles.
B．Every employee must bring their whole self to work.
C．To be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea.
D．Workers' core identity is built on art categories.
8．What kind of employees do most companies favor
A．Those who see work as a job.
B．Those who identify with their work roles.
C．Those who are fully devoted to their work.
D．Those who possess experience.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·福州市高中毕业班质检)
No one has yet proved a connection between napping (小睡) and professional success, but an interesting study published this week claims to find a link between the daytime nap and good health. Dr. Androniki Naska and Dr. Dimitrios Trichopoulos from Harvard's School of Public Health followed over 23，000 Greek patients for an average of six years. __1__
The study found that the group of adults who took a 30?minute nap at least three times a week had a third fewer deaths from heart disease than an equivalent group who did not sleep at all during the day. __2__ It was also greater for working males than for those who had retired. However, a number of previous studies done in the Mediterranean, where naps remain common, have come up with conflicting results, but Dr. Naska and Dr. Trichopoulos argue that those studies have often been flawed (有缺陷的 ) . __3__ They may have benefited more from napping than healthy individuals do.
Given that all of the subjects of this new study were Greeks，could the much celebrated Mediterranean diet deserves credit，rather than the naps __4__ And he is in a good position to say so, for it was he who did the pioneering research that put olive oil and a plant?based diet on the scientific map in the first place.__5__ The earlier findings about the benefits of the Mediterranean diet are confirmed, he says, and napping seems to help on top of that.
A．The firm answer from Dr. Trichopoulos is “No”．
B．The benefit was greater for men than for women.
C．Their conclusion: napping just might save your life.
D．Some studies have shown that diet is relevant to naps.
E．For example, the subjects in some had survived heart attacks.
F．Those with heart attacks are also less likely to take naps during the day.
G．His study was controlled for diet, smoking, exercise and other relevant factors.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2020·山东历城二中第一次模拟)
假定你是李华，获知你的英国朋友Eric在汉语书法比赛中获得一等奖。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示祝贺；
2．赠送名家字帖。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：字帖calligraphy copybook
Dear Eric，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
7Unit 5 First aid
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·威海市高考模拟)
America's first transcontinental railroad，completed 150 years ago today at Promontory Summit in Utah，connected the vast United States and brought America into the modern age.Chinese immigrants contributed greatly to this notable achievement，but the historical accounts that followed often ignored their role.
Between 1863 and 1869，as many as 20，000 Chinese workers helped build the dangerous western part of the railroad，a winding ribbon of track known as the Central Pacific Railroad.At first，the Central Pacific Railroad's directors wanted a whites?only workforce.When not enough white men signed up，the railroad began hiring Chinese men for the backbreaking pany leaders were skeptical of the new recruits' ability to do the work，but they proved themselves not only capable but even superior to the other workers.
Chinese workers cut through dense forests，filled deep narrow steep?sided valleys，constructed long trestles(高架桥) and built enormous retaining walls(挡土墙)—some of which remain complete and undamaged today.All work was done by hand using carts，shovels and picks but no machinery.However，progress came at great cost：an estimated 1，200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific Railroad.
Despite these facts，Chinese workers were often left out of the official story because of their identity of foreigners.On the transcontinental railroad's 100th birthday，the Chinese workers were still not honored.It was another fifty years later that their role was gradually highlighted.To celebrate the railroad's 150th anniversary in 2019，the California state assembly passed a resolution in 2017 to recognize and honor the Chinese railroad workers by designating May 10，2017，and every May 10 thereafter，as California Chinese Railroad Workers Memorial Day.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。中国移民对美国太平洋铁路的建设作出了重大贡献，但随后的历史记录往往忽视了他们的功劳。加州议会在2017年通过了一项决议来承认和尊重中国铁路工人所作的贡献。
1．What might be the best title for the text
A．The Birth of the Central Pacific Railroad Cost Dearly
B．May 10—A Special Day for Chinese Immigrants
C．Chinese Workers' Contributions Gained Recognition
D．The 150th Anniversary of the Central Pacific Railroad
C [考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国工人在美国太平洋铁路建设中所作的贡献，在2017年5月10日，中国铁路工人的劳动得到承认和尊重。故C项能概括文章主旨，适合用作标题。]
2．What does “ they” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．Chinese laborers. B．White workers.
C．Company leaders. D．Railroad directors.
A [ 考查代词指代。根据上文“Company leaders were skeptical of the new recruits' ability to do the work”中的“new recruits”以及上文中的“the railroad began hiring Chinese men”可知，they指代new recruits，也就是中国劳工，故选A。]
3．Why does the author make such detailed descriptions in Paragraph 3
A．To prove Chinese workers' superior skills.
B．To stress the danger and difficulty of the work.
C．To describe the grand scenery along the railroad.
D.To show notable achievements made by Chinese workers.
B [ 考查推理判断。第三段前半部分是对中国工人工作的描述：在茂密的森林中开出一条路，填充了陡峭的峡谷，建造了长长的高架桥和巨大的挡土墙，所有的工作都是通过手推车、铲子和镐手工完成的，没有机械设备，再结合最后一句中的“an estimated 1，200 Chinese laborers died along the Central Pacific Railroad”可知，这一系列详细描述是为了强调工作的危险和艰难。]
4．What does the text intend to tell us
A．None so blind as those who won't see.
B．No pains，no gains.
C．Truth will come to light sooner or later.
D．Doing is better than saying.
C [ 考查推理判断。综合全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国劳工的贡献在很多年以后终于被认可。None so blind as those who won't see意为“最瞎莫如视而不见”；No pains，no gains意为“一分耕耘，一分收获”；Truth will come to light sooner or later意为“真相早晚会大白于世”；Doing is better than saying意为“行胜于言”。故C项与文章主旨一致。]
B
(2020·山东省临沂市一模)
We spend a third of our adult life working and another big part preparing for our careers.Historically，work was rarely seen as a source of meaning and purpose.During the vast majority of our 300，000 year human evolution(进化)，work was in fact pretty simple.We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.Meaning and purpose came from somewhere else，like culture，art，or science.
The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful—is a rather modern，or rather postmodern，invention.Only one hundred years ago it would have been frequent to see workers who returned from a typical workday at factories complain to their folks that they didn't earn much or they were worn out but rare to see they complain they didn't experience a sense of purpose.
Similarly，the idea that we ought to bring our “whole self” to work is a pretty novel and recent form of career advice.Its origins can be traced to William Kahn who invented the concept of employee engagement 30 years ago.His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work roles.Some see work as merely a job and clock in and out every day，without bringing their whole self to work.Work is just not a core aspect of their identities，and their concept of themselves is built on other social categories like mother，husband，American，captain of the local soccer team，etc.
Others，however，have a very close psychological connection with their work roles，seeing them as an essential thing intertwined(紧密相连的)with who they are.They don't just come to work.They are fully devoted to their careers and have a spiritual type of connection with their jobs.They are，it seems，almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics(工作狂) most companies long for.
语篇解读 人的一生中，成年后大约有三分之一的时间都在工作，人们还用很多时间为职业做准备。然而从历史上来看，工作很少被看作人生意义和目标的来源。工作的意义以及全身心投入工作这些概念直到现代才出现。
5．Why did we spend much of our adult life working during the process of evolution
A．To prepare for future careers.
B．To find the water sources.
C．To help us evolve.
D．To make us survive.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句“We worked to eat and avoid being eaten.”可知，人类在进化过程中花大量时间劳动是为了获取食物，并且避免成为别人的食物，即为了生存，故选D项。]
6．Why did the writer mention the workers a century ago
A．To help us find meaning at work.
B．To prove that the idea was modern.
C．To show us the bad old days.
D．To complain about the experiences.
B [推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The idea that we are meant to find meaning at work or to find work meaningful—is a rather modern，or rather postmodern，invention.”可知，在工作中寻求意义这种概念直到现代才有，紧跟着提到一百年前的工人的例子正是为了说明这一点，故选B项。]
7．Which of the following might William Kahn agree with
A．Employees have different understanding of their work roles.
B．Every employee must bring their whole self to work.
C．To be devoted to work is a pretty novel idea.
D．Workers' core identity is built on art categories.
A [推理判断题。根据第三段第三句“His point was that employees differ in the degree to which they identify with their work roles.”可知，他认为员工们对于自己工作角色的认同程度是因人而异的，故选A项。]
8．What kind of employees do most companies favor
A．Those who see work as a job.
B．Those who identify with their work roles.
C．Those who are fully devoted to their work.
D．Those who possess experience.
C [细节理解题。根据文章最后一句“They are，it seems，almost possessed by work and are the type of workaholics most companies long for.”可知，大多数公司期望工作狂类型的员工，故选C项。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·福州市高中毕业班质检)
No one has yet proved a connection between napping (小睡) and professional success, but an interesting study published this week claims to find a link between the daytime nap and good health. Dr. Androniki Naska and Dr. Dimitrios Trichopoulos from Harvard's School of Public Health followed over 23，000 Greek patients for an average of six years. __1__
The study found that the group of adults who took a 30?minute nap at least three times a week had a third fewer deaths from heart disease than an equivalent group who did not sleep at all during the day. __2__ It was also greater for working males than for those who had retired. However, a number of previous studies done in the Mediterranean, where naps remain common, have come up with conflicting results, but Dr. Naska and Dr. Trichopoulos argue that those studies have often been flawed (有缺陷的 ) . __3__ They may have benefited more from napping than healthy individuals do.
Given that all of the subjects of this new study were Greeks，could the much celebrated Mediterranean diet deserves credit，rather than the naps __4__ And he is in a good position to say so, for it was he who did the pioneering research that put olive oil and a plant?based diet on the scientific map in the first place.__5__ The earlier findings about the benefits of the Mediterranean diet are confirmed, he says, and napping seems to help on top of that.
A．The firm answer from Dr. Trichopoulos is “No”．
B．The benefit was greater for men than for women.
C．Their conclusion: napping just might save your life.
D．Some studies have shown that diet is relevant to naps.
E．For example, the subjects in some had survived heart attacks.
F．Those with heart attacks are also less likely to take naps during the day.
G．His study was controlled for diet, smoking, exercise and other relevant factors.
语篇解读 一项有趣的研究表明，白天小憩和良好的健康之间有一定的关联。本文介绍了该研究的相关内容。
1．C [本空是段尾句，承接上文表述的一项有趣的研究称发现了白天小憩与良好的健康之间有一定的关联。故C项与此处匹配。]
2．B [根据空后一句“It was also greater for working males than for those who had retired”可知，选项B的结构和内容与之呼应，所以选B项。]
3．E [根据空前一句中的“those studies have often been flawed(有缺陷的)”，并结合空后一句“They may have benefited more from napping than healthy individuals do”可推知，此处应是具体说明其他研究的缺陷之处，故E项符合语境，承上启下。]
4．A [承接空前的问句可知，空处应是对空前的问句回答，故A项符合语境，与下文相衔接。]
5．G [与前一句中的“it was he who did the pioneering research”呼应可推知，该空陈述的应是其研究的相关内容，结合选项和上下文可知，选项G符合语境，所以选G项。]
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2020·山东历城二中第一次模拟)
假定你是李华，获知你的英国朋友Eric在汉语书法比赛中获得一等奖。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．表示祝贺；
2．赠送名家字帖。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：字帖calligraphy copybook
Dear Eric，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Eric，
Congratulations on your winning first prize in the Chinese calligraphy contest!
As is known to all，calligraphy is an important part of Chinese traditional culture.It is really amazing for a foreigner to write Chinese characters so well.I’ve already had a copybook of Wang Xizhi’s works delivered to you. I hope it can be of some help.
I’m looking forward to your greater progress in the future.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
7
