Unit 4 Global warming
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·“四省八校”高三第二次质量检测)
Fires sweeping across the Amazon rainforest this year have been a hot topic as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen the climate change crisis and threaten biodiversity(生物多样性).
As the largest rainforest in the world，the Amazon rainforest is often called “the lungs of the world”．It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals，and 1 million native people.The vast areas of the rainforest play an important role in the world's ecosystem because they absorb heat instead of it being reflected back into the atmosphere.They also store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen，ensuring that less carbon dioxide is released，mitigating the effects of climate change.
“Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and people，” Thomas Lovejoy，an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic.“The overwhelming threat is that a lot of carbon dioxide goes into the atmosphere，”he stressed.“In the midst of the global climate crisis，we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity.The Amazon rainforest must be protected，”U.N.Secretary General António Guterres said.
Data from the National Institute for Space Research(INPE) show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August this year compared to the same period last year.A total of 71，497 forest fires were registered in the country in the first eight months of 2019，up from 39，194 in the same period in 2018，INPE said.“We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest have decreased by between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months，”Carlos Nobre，a researcher at the University of Sa～o Paulo，told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.
Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest，whose degradation(恶化) could have severe consequences for global climate and rainfall.The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined，but the emergency has transcended(超出)Brazil's borders，reaching Peruvian，Paraguayan and Bolivian regions.
1．What does the underlined word “mitigating” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Increasing. B．Relieving.
C．Ignoring. D．Improving.
2．What can we learn from Thomas's and António's words
A．The biodiversity makes the rainforest unique.
B．The rainforest fires result in serious consequences.
C．The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.
D．The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.
3．Why does the author list the numbers in Paragraph 4
A．To prove the importance of the rainforest.
B．To show the reason for forest fires.
C．To explain the process of the research.
D．To present the reduction in rainforest areas.
4．What does this passage mainly talk about
A．The climate change crisis is worsening.
B．The forest areas are on the decline.
C．“The lungs of the earth” is burning.
D．The world's ecosystem is under attack.
B
(2020·陕西省百校联盟第一次模拟)
As ice melts in West Antarctica，the ground beneath is quickly rising—a process that could prevent the catastrophic(灾难性的) collapse of ice sheets，according to researchers.
A study published in the journal Science provides a glimmer(一丝) of hope for a region affected by climate change.In recent years，several studies have warned that the ice sheet，which contributes to a quarter of melted ice worldwide annually，is very easy to break up.Scientists fear even slightly melting could cause global sea levels to rise by 3 meters.
Researchers at the Technical University of Denmark set out to answer how the bedrock underneath the ice sheet of West Antarctica behaves as the ice melts.To study the land，the team analyzed data collected by high precision GPS equipment positioned on remote rock formations in West Antarctica，which measured movements of the land down to the millimeter over a 10 year period.
“After a heroic effort to install and maintain the network of sensors in one of the least accessible places on the planet，the team has been rewarded with incredibly valuable data，which tell an incredible story about the Earth，” wrote Valentina Barletta.
The team found that the Earth was pushing the bedrock to rise faster than expected.In 2014，the surface rose by 41 millimeters：four to five times quicker than predicted.In 100 years，the land could be up to 10 meters higher than it is currently.
It is hoped that as the ice melts，the Earth's crust(地壳) will bounce back much faster than previously expected.In turn，this could stabilize what the researchers described as the “catastrophic collapse” of the ice sheet.
Barletta told Newsweek the ice sheet will never be stable if global warming becomes too extreme.“Reducing the greenhouse gas will give the ice sheet a better chance of survival because that would allow some known and unknown feedback to create better conditions for the ice，” she said.
5．What happens to West Antarctica as ice melts
A．The ground beneath is getting taller.
B．Its ice sheets break up completely.
C．Global sea levels rise by 3 meters.
D．Climate change comes to an end.
6．Why do researchers use high precision GPS equipment
A.To find out whether the ice sheet is very easy to break up.
B．To find out the connection between the bedrock and ice melting.
C．To find out what really affects the speed of ice melting.
D.To find out when West Antarctica will disappear totally.
7．How did the research team feel about the study result
A．Disappointed. B．Sorry.
C．Surprised. D．Angry.
8．What should we do for the ice sheet's survival
A．Stop the bedrock from rising.
B．Install more high precision GPS equipment.
C．Create more ice for the ice sheet.
D．Cut down the greenhouse gas.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·淄博市高三模拟)
When you first hear the words “lung cancer”，you will think that's the end of the world.Camille，a 53 year old mother of two teens is not __1__．But fortunately，science is progressing rapidly.A series of tests help to __2__ that the right medicine reaches the right patient at the right time.Many people，like Camille，are __3__ from cancer diagnostic testing.
With proper __4__ and medical care，Camille is now able to keep her daily __5__ while treating her disease.She gets a CT scan every three months to __6__ her body for any changes.Now she's swimming a quarter of a mile twice a week and she can __7__ with her kids' school.She said，“There are some things that I know I should take slowly，but __8__，things are mostly back to __9__ for us.I couldn't even __10__ it when I was first diagnosed (诊断).However，I became very __11__．”
As part of that gratitude，__12__ has become even more important to Camille since her diagnosis.
“I've always been the caretaker and the volunteer，but people have helped me，particularly in the last couple of months，so I really want to __13__ that back，” she said.“I want to help people who are in the same __14__ as I am.I would tell them there're a lot of __15__ out there and that it's not hopeless.”
1．A.asleep B．alone
C．lonely D．together
2．A.make sense B．make up
C．make sure D．make out
3．A.benefiting B．escaping
C．traveling D．deserving
4．A.relaxation B．protection
C．entertainment D．treatment
5．A.program B．process
C．routine D．service
6．A.manage B．monitor
C．follow D．record
7．A.help B．accompany
C．greet D．save
8．A.besides B．moreover
C．otherwise D．instead
9．A.surprise B．nature
C．special D．normal
10．A.stand B．remember
C．realize D．lie
11．A.pitiful B．grateful
C．cautious D．impatient
12．A.struggling B．engineering
C．volunteering D．pioneering
13．A.take B．look
C．return D．give
14．A.situation B．occupation
C．relationship D．system
15．A.opinions B．options
C．difficulties D．decisions
(2021·福州市高三毕业班适应性练习卷)
For a long time bats 1.________(be) one of the most fearful creatures in the animal kingdom.Many pop culture associations with them are 2.________ (relate) to vampires(吸血鬼). Though these associations are complete misunderstandings，bats do have a dark side as a 3.________ (danger) disease vector (介体). So there is good reason to be exceptionally cautious if you come into contact with bats.However，the fact is 4.________ bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem.
Many organic farmers have learned about the benefits of 5.________ (have) bats nearby to help manage the amount of pests that show up without pesticides.One brown bat—about 6.________ size of a human thumb—can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects within an hour. They make for a fantastic，almost essential 7.________ ( add) to pest management on any farm.
Even large government organizations have realized the economic benefits of bats. The United States Geological Survey estimates that bats' contributions 8.________pest management save the country 9.________(rough) 3.7 billion dollars per year. Without them，we would likely experience a dramatic drop in food production，which would eventually make 10.________(it) way into our weekly grocery bills.
PAGE
9Unit 4 Global warming
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·“四省八校”高三第二次质量检测)
Fires sweeping across the Amazon rainforest this year have been a hot topic as scientists and environmental groups are worried that they will worsen the climate change crisis and threaten biodiversity(生物多样性).
As the largest rainforest in the world，the Amazon rainforest is often called “the lungs of the world”．It is also home to about 3 million species of plants and animals，and 1 million native people.The vast areas of the rainforest play an important role in the world's ecosystem because they absorb heat instead of it being reflected back into the atmosphere.They also store carbon dioxide and produce oxygen，ensuring that less carbon dioxide is released，mitigating the effects of climate change.
“Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and people，” Thomas Lovejoy，an ecologist at George Mason University told National Geographic.“The overwhelming threat is that a lot of carbon dioxide goes into the atmosphere，”he stressed.“In the midst of the global climate crisis，we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity.The Amazon rainforest must be protected，”U.N.Secretary General António Guterres said.
Data from the National Institute for Space Research(INPE) show that the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased by 82 percent from January to August this year compared to the same period last year.A total of 71，497 forest fires were registered in the country in the first eight months of 2019，up from 39，194 in the same period in 2018，INPE said.“We estimate that the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest have decreased by between 20 and 30 percent compared to the last 12 months，”Carlos Nobre，a researcher at the University of Sa～o Paulo，told German broadcaster Deutsche Welle.
Brazil owns about 60 percent of the Amazon rainforest，whose degradation(恶化) could have severe consequences for global climate and rainfall.The extent of the area ruined by fires has yet to be determined，but the emergency has transcended(超出)Brazil's borders，reaching Peruvian，Paraguayan and Bolivian regions.
语篇解读 科学家和环保组织担心席卷亚马孙雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，威胁生物多样性。今年，位于巴西的部分亚马孙雨林火灾数量显著增加。
1．What does the underlined word “mitigating” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Increasing. B．Relieving.
C．Ignoring. D．Improving.
B [考查词义猜测。根据第二段第三、四句可知，大片的热带雨林在世界生态系统中扮演着重要的角色，因为它们吸收热量，而不是热量被反射回大气中；此外，热带雨林还储存二氧化碳并制造氧气，以确保更少的二氧化碳被释放。由此可知，热带雨林能够减轻气候变化带来的影响。故可推知画线词的含义与“relieving”的含义相近，故选B。]
2．What can we learn from Thomas's and António's words
A．The biodiversity makes the rainforest unique.
B．The rainforest fires result in serious consequences.
C．The global climate crisis brings more rainforest fires.
D．The dry weather leads to the rainforest fires.
B [考查推理判断。根据第三段中Thomas所说的话“Any forest destroyed is a threat to biodiversity and people”以及António所说的话“In the midst of the global climate crisis，we cannot afford more damage to a major source of oxygen and biodiversity”可知，Thomas认为任何森林的破坏都是对生物多样性和人们的威胁，António认为在全球气候危机的情况下，我们承担不起氧气和生物多样性的主要来源(即亚马孙雨林)被更多破坏的后果。由此可推知，两人意在表明，雨林大火导致了严重的后果。故选B。]
3．Why does the author list the numbers in Paragraph 4
A．To prove the importance of the rainforest.
B．To show the reason for forest fires.
C．To explain the process of the research.
D．To present the reduction in rainforest areas.
D [考查推理判断。根据第四段第一句中的“the number of forest fires in Brazil quickly increased”和第三句中的“the forest areas in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest have decreased by between 20 and 30 percent”可推知，第四段列举数字是为了说明，亚马孙雨林由于森林火灾的影响，其面积减少了一些。故选D。]
4．What does this passage mainly talk about
A．The climate change crisis is worsening.
B．The forest areas are on the decline.
C．“The lungs of the earth” is burning.
D．The world's ecosystem is under attack.
C [考查主旨大意。文章第一段为文章的总述部分，表明本年席卷亚马孙雨林的火灾将加剧气候变化危机，威胁生物多样性；第二至第五段介绍了亚马孙雨林火灾对生物多样性以及森林面积等的影响，其中第四段又突出强调亚马孙雨林火灾数量显著增加。由此可知C项符合题意。]
B
(2020·陕西省百校联盟第一次模拟)
As ice melts in West Antarctica，the ground beneath is quickly rising—a process that could prevent the catastrophic(灾难性的) collapse of ice sheets，according to researchers.
A study published in the journal Science provides a glimmer(一丝) of hope for a region affected by climate change.In recent years，several studies have warned that the ice sheet，which contributes to a quarter of melted ice worldwide annually，is very easy to break up.Scientists fear even slightly melting could cause global sea levels to rise by 3 meters.
Researchers at the Technical University of Denmark set out to answer how the bedrock underneath the ice sheet of West Antarctica behaves as the ice melts.To study the land，the team analyzed data collected by high precision GPS equipment positioned on remote rock formations in West Antarctica，which measured movements of the land down to the millimeter over a 10 year period.
“After a heroic effort to install and maintain the network of sensors in one of the least accessible places on the planet，the team has been rewarded with incredibly valuable data，which tell an incredible story about the Earth，” wrote Valentina Barletta.
The team found that the Earth was pushing the bedrock to rise faster than expected.In 2014，the surface rose by 41 millimeters：four to five times quicker than predicted.In 100 years，the land could be up to 10 meters higher than it is currently.
It is hoped that as the ice melts，the Earth's crust(地壳) will bounce back much faster than previously expected.In turn，this could stabilize what the researchers described as the “catastrophic collapse” of the ice sheet.
Barletta told Newsweek the ice sheet will never be stable if global warming becomes too extreme.“Reducing the greenhouse gas will give the ice sheet a better chance of survival because that would allow some known and unknown feedback to create better conditions for the ice，” she said.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，随着冰融化，西南极洲地下部分迅速上升，这一过程可以防止灾难性的冰盖坍塌。
5．What happens to West Antarctica as ice melts
A．The ground beneath is getting taller.
B．Its ice sheets break up completely.
C．Global sea levels rise by 3 meters.
D．Climate change comes to an end.
A [考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句中的“As ice melts in West Antarctica，the ground beneath is quickly rising”可知，随着冰融化，西南极洲地下部分迅速上升。故选A。]
6．Why do researchers use high precision GPS equipment
A.To find out whether the ice sheet is very easy to break up.
B．To find out the connection between the bedrock and ice melting.
C．To find out what really affects the speed of ice melting.
D.To find out when West Antarctica will disappear totally.
B [考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“set out to answer how the bedrock underneath the ice sheet of West Antarctica behaves as the ice melts.To study the land，the team analyzed data collected by high precision GPS equipment”可知，研究人员使用这一设备的目的在于研究冰盖下的基岩与冰融化之间的联系。故选B。]
7．How did the research team feel about the study result
A．Disappointed. B．Sorry.
C．Surprised. D．Angry.
C [考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容，尤其是其中的“than expected”“than predicted”可知，研究者对研究结果感到意外。故选C。]
8．What should we do for the ice sheet's survival
A．Stop the bedrock from rising.
B．Install more high precision GPS equipment.
C．Create more ice for the ice sheet.
D．Cut down the greenhouse gas.
D [考查细节理解。根据最后一段第二句中的“Reducing the greenhouse gas will give the ice sheet a better chance of survival”可知，减少温室气体排放将使冰盖有更好的幸存机会。由此可知D项符合题意。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·淄博市高三模拟)
When you first hear the words “lung cancer”，you will think that's the end of the world.Camille，a 53 year old mother of two teens is not __1__．But fortunately，science is progressing rapidly.A series of tests help to __2__ that the right medicine reaches the right patient at the right time.Many people，like Camille，are __3__ from cancer diagnostic testing.
With proper __4__ and medical care，Camille is now able to keep her daily __5__ while treating her disease.She gets a CT scan every three months to __6__ her body for any changes.Now she's swimming a quarter of a mile twice a week and she can __7__ with her kids' school.She said，“There are some things that I know I should take slowly，but __8__，things are mostly back to __9__ for us.I couldn't even __10__ it when I was first diagnosed (诊断).However，I became very __11__．”
As part of that gratitude，__12__ has become even more important to Camille since her diagnosis.
“I've always been the caretaker and the volunteer，but people have helped me，particularly in the last couple of months，so I really want to __13__ that back，” she said.“I want to help people who are in the same __14__ as I am.I would tell them there're a lot of __15__ out there and that it's not hopeless.”
语篇解读 文章属于记叙文。53岁的Camille身患肺癌，在先进技术的帮助下，她的身体恢复得很好。心存感激的她投身于志愿者行动，帮助和她有相同经历的人。
1．A.asleep B．alone
C．lonely D．together
B [根据上文的“When you first...the end of the world”可知，人们听到“肺癌”就会认为那是世界末日，结合下文的“But fortunately”可知，此处表示不是Camille一个人这样认为。alone“独自，孤身一人的”。lonely“孤单的，寂寞的”，侧重于表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感彩。]
2．A.make sense B．make up
C．make sure D．make out
C [根据上下文可知，随着科学飞速进步，一系列的测试有助于确保给病人适时对症下药。make sure“确保，设法保证”。make sense“有道理，易于理解，讲得通”；make up“和解，编造(故事、谎言等)，凑足”；make out“分清，理解，明白”。]
3．A.benefiting B．escaping
C．traveling D．deserving
A [根据上文的“the right medicine reaches the right patient at the right time”以及下文Camille的经历可知，许多人正从癌症诊断测试中受益。 benefit from“从……中获益”。]
4．A.relaxation B．protection
C．entertainment D．treatment
D [根据上文的“cancer diagnostic testing”及下文的“medical care”可知，Camille接受了适当的治疗和医疗护理。treatment“治疗，疗法，诊治”。]
5．A.program B．process
C．routine D．service
C [根据下文的“Now she's swimming a quarter of a mile...with her kids' school”可知，Camille能在治疗疾病的同时进行日常活动。routine“惯例，常规”。]
6．A.manage B．monitor
C．follow D．record
B [她每三个月做一次CT扫描来监测身体是否有任何变化。monitor“监视，监测，检测，监督”。]
7．A.help B．accompany
C．greet D．save
A [根据上文的“a 53 year old mother of two teens”及常识可知，Camille可以帮助孩子进行课程学习。help with...“帮助……”。accompany“陪同，陪伴”；greet“欢迎，迎接”。]
8．A.besides B．moreover
C．otherwise D．instead
C [Camille知道有一些事情要慢慢来，但在其他方面，情况几乎恢复正常了。otherwise“除此之外，在其他方面”。besides“而且”；moreover“加之，再者”；instead“相反，而，却”。]
9．A.surprise B．nature
C．special D．normal
D [参见上题解析。normal“正常，常态，通常，标准”。]
10．A.stand B．remember
C．realize D．lie
A [根据下文的“However，I became very ________”“As part of that gratitude”可知，空处所在句的感彩与However后的内容的感彩相反，指初次确诊的时候，Camille简直受不了。stand意为“(一般用于否定句和疑问句)接受，忍受”。]
11．A.pitiful B．grateful
C．cautious D．impatient
B [根据下一段首句的“As part of that gratitude”可知，Camille内心充满感激。pitiful“令人同情的，可怜的”；grateful“感激的，表示感谢的”；cautious“小心的，谨慎的”；impatient“不耐烦的，没有耐心的”。]
12．A.struggling B．engineering
C．volunteering D．pioneering
C [根据下文的“I've always been the caretaker and the volunteer”“I want to help people”可知，志愿者工作对Camille来说更重要了。volunteer“自愿做，义务做”。]
13．A.take B．look
C．return D．give
D [根据上文的“but people have helped me”和下文的“I want to help people...as I am”可知，Camille在受人帮助后，想要回馈别人的帮助。give back表示“归还，还给”，此处引申为“回报，回馈”。]
14．A.situation B．occupation
C．relationship D．system
A [此处表示她帮助和她处境相同的人。situation“形势，情况，状况，局面”；occupation“工作，职业”；relationship“关系”；system“系统，体制，制度”。]
15．A.opinions B．options
C．difficulties D．decisions
B [根据下文的“that it's not hopeless”可知，Camille认为即使患了肺癌也有许多可选择的事物，而且肺癌并不是没有希望好转的。option“选择，可选择的东西”。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021·福州市高三毕业班适应性练习卷)
For a long time bats 1.________(be) one of the most fearful creatures in the animal kingdom.Many pop culture associations with them are 2.________ (relate) to vampires(吸血鬼). Though these associations are complete misunderstandings，bats do have a dark side as a 3.________ (danger) disease vector (介体). So there is good reason to be exceptionally cautious if you come into contact with bats.However，the fact is 4.________ bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem.
Many organic farmers have learned about the benefits of 5.________ (have) bats nearby to help manage the amount of pests that show up without pesticides.One brown bat—about 6.________ size of a human thumb—can consume about 600 mosquitoes and other unwanted insects within an hour. They make for a fantastic，almost essential 7.________ ( add) to pest management on any farm.
Even large government organizations have realized the economic benefits of bats. The United States Geological Survey estimates that bats' contributions 8.________pest management save the country 9.________(rough) 3.7 billion dollars per year. Without them，we would likely experience a dramatic drop in food production，which would eventually make 10.________(it) way into our weekly grocery bills.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蝙蝠在保持生态平衡及经济方面的重要作用。
1．解析： 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：很长一段时间以来，蝙蝠一直是动物王国里最可怕的动物之一。根据该句中的“For a long time”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为bats，所以填have been。
答案： have been
2．解析： 考查固定搭配。句意：许多关于它们的流行文化与吸血鬼有关。be related to意为“与……有关”，故填related。
答案： related
3．解析： 考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous。
答案： dangerous
4．解析： 考查连接词。句意：然而，事实是蝙蝠在保持生态系统平衡方面起着重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不做句子成分，所以填that。
答案： that
5．解析： 考查动名词。此处表示许多实行有机栽培的农民已经了解到(农场)附近有蝙蝠的好处。根据空前的介词“of”可知，此处用having。
答案： having
6．解析： 考查冠词。此处表示一只大约人类拇指大小的棕色蝙蝠。the size of意为“……的大小”，为固定用法，所以填the。
答案： the
7．解析： 考查名词。根据空前的形容词“essential”并结合语境可知，此处用名词addition“添加物”。
答案： addition
8．解析： 考查介词。此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献，所以填介词to。
答案： to
9．解析： 考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献为美国每年节省大约37亿美元。分析句子可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰数词。roughly意为“大约，差不多”。
答案： roughly
10．解析： 考查代词。句意：如果没有它们，我们可能会遭受食物产量急剧下降，这最终会影响到我们每周的食品杂货账单。根据空后的名词“way” 可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its。
答案： its
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