Unit 5 The power of nature
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·长沙市四校高三模拟)
Reducing，reusing，and recycling is a way of life in Sweden.Recycling is required by law and garbage is sorted at home before it goes to a recycling center. Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas. “ Recycling almost everything is a must in Sweden now. It actually feels very uncomfortable when you visit another country and can't find easy ways to recycle，” said Owen Gaffney，an expert at Stockholm Resilience Centre and Future Earth.
But not all of its garbage is recycled. Sweden uses alternatives that include incinerating garbage to make electricity instead of using fossil fuels (化石燃料) to heat 1.2 million homes. About half of household garbage is sent to one of the 33 waste?to?heat plants. Sweden is importing garbage from other countries to keep these plants running. Sweden is also a world leader in turning food waste into eco?friendly biogas. It has made food waste collection compulsory beginning in 2021. There is a food waste biogas plant，which allows biogas to be used to run public buses and to heat apartment buildings.
Sweden now wants to deal with those remaining items that cannot be recycled by using a circular(循环论证的) economy approach. It means that products can be reused and only recycled when absolutely necessary. The Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a way of making this part of its environmental policy.
This will not work effectively unless people are taught to change their behavior. Now the government is reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things.The large Swedish clothing retailer (零售商) H&M operates a recycling program that gives customers discounts when they bring back old clothing.
Sweden is fighting climate change by doing all the right stuff. Waste recycling and the plans to switch to a circular economy will go a long way in reducing its carbon footprint and will help stop global warming.
1．What do we know about Sweden
A．Sweden imports household garbage for biogas.
B．It is convenient to recycle things in Sweden.
C．Half of garbage in Sweden is used to produce heat.
D．Everything is recycled after being used in Sweden.
2．What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean
A．Burning. B．Treating.
C．Throwing. D．Reusing.
3．What does the advisory group do
A．Teach people how to save fossil fuels.
B．Conduct a survey about the local economy.
C．Offer advice on environmental policy.
D．Make sure the citizens recycle wisely.
4．How does the government encourage its citizens to reuse
A．It provides various recycling programs.
B．It cuts down taxes on new products.
C．It gives discounts to regular buyers.
D．It offers lower prices for repairs.
B
(2020·东北三校高三第一次联合模拟)
Maybe you take vitamins regularly supporting brainpower, or stock up on these foods that boost brain health. But new guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN)suggest there's something better you can do to keep your mind sharp.
A quarter of adults aged 80 to 84 experience mild cognitive(认知的)impairment，according to AAN. To address the widespread problem, a group of neurologists and Alzheimer's (阿尔茨海默病) specialists went through existing studies to define the best ways to prevent and treat cognitive decline—and you might be surprised by what they included and what they didn't.
Surprisingly, the AAN guidelines don't include any medication (药物) or dietary recommendations. The authors stress that there haven't been any high?quality, long?term studies finding foods or medication can help cognitive decline. The guidelines also say doctors can consider suggesting cognitive training to patients with memory loss but not rely on it. At the present time, the report's authors say the evidence is too inconclusive to say for sure if brain exercises, like memory and attention training or problem?solving for everyday issues associated with memory loss, are beneficial. Still, these morning brain exercises can't do any harm.
But there was one big discovery from the new guidelines：Exercising just twice a week could improve cognitive decline.One study showed adults with mild cognitive impairment who did resistance training twice a week scored better on executive function and associative memory tests than a group that worked on balancing, stretching, and relaxing.
What's more, another study had older adults attend either biweekly health classes or sessions of aerobics, strength training，balance exercises, and multitasking training. Six months later，the ones who'd exercised regularly scored better on cognitive health and memory tests, and had less brain shrinkage.
AAN now recommends doctors tell patients with memory loss to exercise twice a week to keep their minds sharp. This is the best time to exercise if you want to improve your memory.It looks like you've got just one more reason to clear time in your schedule for a workout—even if it's only on the weekends.
5．What does the underlined word “impairment” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Error. B．Decline.
C．Development. D．Presence.
6．ANN may be uncertain about________．
A．strength training
B．resistance training
C．exercising twice a week
D．morning brain exercises
7．Which of the following may the author agree with
A．Daily exercises are beneficial to Alzheimer's.
B．The AAN guidelines attach importance to workouts.
C．Medication is of significance in the ANN guidelines.
D．Stocking up on vitamins supporting brainpower means nothing.
8．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Exercise. B．Entertainment.
C．Science. D．Health.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·成都市毕业班第二次诊断检测)
In any survey of self?made millionaires，you're likely to notice the key to their success is that they never stop learning.So how does one build a lifelong learning mindset
__1__ Seek out information that may be contrary to what you believe.Expand your horizons. Challenge yourself to find a better way.You will find a way around barriers!
Turn mistakes into opportunities.The practice of learning from mistakes is one of the best lifelong learning skills anyone can master. __2__ They show us better ways to think and work.They also provide insights into hidden knowledge and awareness.
Adopt a growth mindset.A mindset that is in line with how our brains really work really helps. Individuals with a fixed mindset believe their intelligence and talents are fixed. __3__ People with a growth mindset believe they can improve themselves through practice.
Establish goals.What do you want to learn？When do you want to learn it？Every year，set goals for yourself on skills and knowledge you want to acquire. __4__ Besides，I always have the daily goal of learning something new whether through reading or by talking to other people.
Avoid stress.As stress increases，the body releases chemicals to cause a fear response. This creates an environment in which a person simply can't focus or work，let alone learn.Keep relaxed and learning will follow.__5__
There are many other tips for successfully creating a learning plan，but those don't have a fighting chance if your mindset is passive.
A．Try new things.
B．Challenge conventional thinking.
C．This means having the end clearly in mind.
D．There is much to learn from mistakes.
E．I usually set three big learning goals each year.
F．They don't think they can improve with efforts.
G．In this way，success will happen much more naturally.
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2020·山东潍坊市高三期末)
假定你是李华，得知在你校交流学习的新西兰朋友Oliver对中国菜很感兴趣。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．邀请他周日到你家做客；
2．教他做一道中国菜。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Oliver，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
7Unit 5 The power of nature
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·长沙市四校高三模拟)
Reducing，reusing，and recycling is a way of life in Sweden.Recycling is required by law and garbage is sorted at home before it goes to a recycling center. Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas. “ Recycling almost everything is a must in Sweden now. It actually feels very uncomfortable when you visit another country and can't find easy ways to recycle，” said Owen Gaffney，an expert at Stockholm Resilience Centre and Future Earth.
But not all of its garbage is recycled. Sweden uses alternatives that include incinerating garbage to make electricity instead of using fossil fuels (化石燃料) to heat 1.2 million homes. About half of household garbage is sent to one of the 33 waste?to?heat plants. Sweden is importing garbage from other countries to keep these plants running. Sweden is also a world leader in turning food waste into eco?friendly biogas. It has made food waste collection compulsory beginning in 2021. There is a food waste biogas plant，which allows biogas to be used to run public buses and to heat apartment buildings.
Sweden now wants to deal with those remaining items that cannot be recycled by using a circular(循环论证的) economy approach. It means that products can be reused and only recycled when absolutely necessary. The Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a way of making this part of its environmental policy.
This will not work effectively unless people are taught to change their behavior. Now the government is reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things.The large Swedish clothing retailer (零售商) H&M operates a recycling program that gives customers discounts when they bring back old clothing.
Sweden is fighting climate change by doing all the right stuff. Waste recycling and the plans to switch to a circular economy will go a long way in reducing its carbon footprint and will help stop global warming.
语篇解读 在瑞典，减少、再利用和回收是一种生活方式。瑞典政府鼓励人们回收和使用二手商品，废品先分类，再回收。
1．What do we know about Sweden
A．Sweden imports household garbage for biogas.
B．It is convenient to recycle things in Sweden.
C．Half of garbage in Sweden is used to produce heat.
D．Everything is recycled after being used in Sweden.
B [考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Recyclables are sorted into seven categories and recycling stations are within just 300 meters of all residential areas”可知，在瑞典回收物品是很方便的。]
2．What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean
A．Burning. B．Treating.
C．Throwing. D．Reusing.
A [考查词义猜测。根据第二段的第二句可知，瑞典通过焚烧化石燃料的替代品——垃圾——来发电，为120万个家庭供热。画线词incinerating的意思是“焚烧”，与“Sweden now wants...approach”和burning同义。]
3．What does the advisory group do
A．Teach people how to save fossil fuels.
B．Conduct a survey about the local economy.
C．Offer advice on environmental policy.
D．Make sure the citizens recycle wisely.
C [考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Sweden now wants...approach”和“The Swedish government formed an advisory group to find a way of making this part of its environmental policy”可知，瑞典政府成立了一个咨询小组，目的是找到一个方法使通过循环经济法处理不能被回收利用的产品的做法成为政府环境政策的一部分，即咨询小组的职责就是为环境政策提供建议。]
4．How does the government encourage its citizens to reuse
A．It provides various recycling programs.
B．It cuts down taxes on new products.
C．It gives discounts to regular buyers.
D．It offers lower prices for repairs.
D [考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Now the government is reforming its tax code so that people could get cheaper repairs or buy used things”可知，政府正在改革其免税代码，以便使维修更便宜，并鼓励人们购买二手商品。 ]
B
(2020·东北三校高三第一次联合模拟)
Maybe you take vitamins regularly supporting brainpower, or stock up on these foods that boost brain health. But new guidelines from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN)suggest there's something better you can do to keep your mind sharp.
A quarter of adults aged 80 to 84 experience mild cognitive(认知的)impairment，according to AAN. To address the widespread problem, a group of neurologists and Alzheimer's (阿尔茨海默病) specialists went through existing studies to define the best ways to prevent and treat cognitive decline—and you might be surprised by what they included and what they didn't.
Surprisingly, the AAN guidelines don't include any medication (药物) or dietary recommendations. The authors stress that there haven't been any high?quality, long?term studies finding foods or medication can help cognitive decline. The guidelines also say doctors can consider suggesting cognitive training to patients with memory loss but not rely on it. At the present time, the report's authors say the evidence is too inconclusive to say for sure if brain exercises, like memory and attention training or problem?solving for everyday issues associated with memory loss, are beneficial. Still, these morning brain exercises can't do any harm.
But there was one big discovery from the new guidelines：Exercising just twice a week could improve cognitive decline.One study showed adults with mild cognitive impairment who did resistance training twice a week scored better on executive function and associative memory tests than a group that worked on balancing, stretching, and relaxing.
What's more, another study had older adults attend either biweekly health classes or sessions of aerobics, strength training，balance exercises, and multitasking training. Six months later，the ones who'd exercised regularly scored better on cognitive health and memory tests, and had less brain shrinkage.
AAN now recommends doctors tell patients with memory loss to exercise twice a week to keep their minds sharp. This is the best time to exercise if you want to improve your memory.It looks like you've got just one more reason to clear time in your schedule for a workout—even if it's only on the weekends.
语篇解读 研究发现，每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍。
5．What does the underlined word “impairment” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Error. B．Decline.
C．Development. D．Presence.
B [考查词义猜测。根据第二段第二句中的“To address the widespread problem，a group of neurologists and Alzheimer's(阿尔茨海默病)specialists went through existing studies to define the best ways to prevent and treat cognitive decline”可知，为了解决这个普遍性的问题，一群神经病学家和阿尔茨海默病专家仔细琢磨现有的研究来明确预防和治疗认知衰退的最佳方法，由此可推知，画线词应与decline词义相近，故选B。]
6．ANN may be uncertain about________．
A．strength training
B．resistance training
C．exercising twice a week
D．morning brain exercises
D [考查细节理解。根据第三段倒数第二句可知，报告的作者说目前还没有确凿的证据来确定大脑锻炼是否有益。故D项符合题意。]
7．Which of the following may the author agree with
A．Daily exercises are beneficial to Alzheimer's.
B．The AAN guidelines attach importance to workouts.
C．Medication is of significance in the ANN guidelines.
D．Stocking up on vitamins supporting brainpower means nothing.
B [考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But there was one big discovery from the new guidelines：Exercising just twice a week could improve cognitive decline”以及第六段第一句可知，AAN认为每周锻炼两次可以改善认知衰退并建议医生让丧失记忆的病人每周锻炼两次以保持大脑的敏锐。据此可知，AAN重视锻炼，故B项正确。]
8．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Exercise. B．Entertainment.
C．Science. D．Health.
D [考查文章出处。通读全文可知，文章第一段第二句为全文的主旨句，并结合文章其他内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项新发现——每周进行两次锻炼会让大脑保持敏锐，能够改善老年人的认知障碍；据此可推知，本文的主题为健康，故D项正确。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·成都市毕业班第二次诊断检测)
In any survey of self?made millionaires，you're likely to notice the key to their success is that they never stop learning.So how does one build a lifelong learning mindset
__1__ Seek out information that may be contrary to what you believe.Expand your horizons. Challenge yourself to find a better way.You will find a way around barriers!
Turn mistakes into opportunities.The practice of learning from mistakes is one of the best lifelong learning skills anyone can master. __2__ They show us better ways to think and work.They also provide insights into hidden knowledge and awareness.
Adopt a growth mindset.A mindset that is in line with how our brains really work really helps. Individuals with a fixed mindset believe their intelligence and talents are fixed. __3__ People with a growth mindset believe they can improve themselves through practice.
Establish goals.What do you want to learn？When do you want to learn it？Every year，set goals for yourself on skills and knowledge you want to acquire. __4__ Besides，I always have the daily goal of learning something new whether through reading or by talking to other people.
Avoid stress.As stress increases，the body releases chemicals to cause a fear response. This creates an environment in which a person simply can't focus or work，let alone learn.Keep relaxed and learning will follow.__5__
There are many other tips for successfully creating a learning plan，but those don't have a fighting chance if your mindset is passive.
A．Try new things.
B．Challenge conventional thinking.
C．This means having the end clearly in mind.
D．There is much to learn from mistakes.
E．I usually set three big learning goals each year.
F．They don't think they can improve with efforts.
G．In this way，success will happen much more naturally.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。介绍了建立终身学习的思维模式的方法：挑战常规思维、从失误中学习、有成长型思维模式、设定目标以及避免压力。
1．B [空处为该段的主题句，根据该段中的“Seek out information that may be contrary to what you believe”以及“Challenge yourself to find a better way”可知，本段讲的是要挑选出与你相信的事物可能相反的信息，并要求自己去寻求更好的解决方式。]
2．D [根据本段第一句可知，本段的主题是将失误变为机会；根据该空前的句子可知，从失误中学习是最好的终身学习技能之一，该空后的句子又进一步表明了失误的作用，由此可知该空需要表明从失误中学习哪些东西或者怎样从失误中学习，以实现其承上启下的作用。]
3．F [根据该空前的句子可知，有固定的思维模式的人认为人的智力与才能是固定不变的；而该空后的句子则通过对比，指出了具有成长型思维的人的看法，即他们认为能通过实践提升他们自己。由此可知，该空需要进一步指出有固定思维模式的人对思维与个人努力或实践之间的关系的看法，故F项符合语境。]
4．E [根据本段第一句可知，本段的主题是要设定目标；根据该空后的 “Besides，I always have the daily goal of learning something new”可知，这里提到了“我”的另外一种做法，即每日设定一个学习目标。再根据上文中的“Every year，set goals”可知，该空应是说明“我”每年设定学习目标的情况。]
5．G [根据本段第一句可知，本段的主题是要避免压力；本段第二和第三句指出了压力产生的负面影响；本段第四句则指出了应对策略，即保持放松然后学习就会跟进。由此可知，尾句需要进一步表明第四句所陈述的做法的作用。故G项符合语境。]
Ⅲ.应用文写作
(2020·山东潍坊市高三期末)
假定你是李华，得知在你校交流学习的新西兰朋友Oliver对中国菜很感兴趣。请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：
1．邀请他周日到你家做客；
2．教他做一道中国菜。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Oliver，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Oliver，
I've just learned that you like Chinese cuisine very much.Why not come to my home this Sunday and enjoy some Chinese dishes
I'm good at cooking.I will treat you to some typical dishes of Sichuan cuisine，which is popular with Chinese.If you are interested，I can teach you how to cook “Mapo Tofu”，which is widely recognized for its perfect combination of color，flavor，taste and appearance.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
PAGE
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