Unit 4 Sharing
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·普通高等学校招生全国统一考试)
Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non?organic food，but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200% more for organic food. However，there are people who think it is a waste of money.
There is one main difference between organic and non?organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals，such as pesticides (杀虫剂). In many countries organic foods have special labels. These guarantee that the products are natural.
Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren't enough organic ingredients (原料)，such as grain and cattle. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business.Today，many large companies have an organic line of products.
Is organic food more nutritious？This is part of the debate.Many farmers and consumers believe it is.They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems such as cancer.Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria(细菌)，such as E．coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non?organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too.
Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money This is a matter of opinion.Whether it is healthier or not may require more research.However，organic consumers argue that it is better to be safe than sorry.
1．What is probably the major concern of organic food consumers
A．Price. B．Safety.
C．Freshness. D．Variety.
2．What is the doctors' suggestion
A．Grow your own food.
B．Reduce the use of pesticides.
C．Make sure the food is clean.
D．Buy large companies' products.
3．Which of the following do most people agree on organic food
A．It tastes better. B．It is easier to grow.
C．It contains more fat. D．It is more nutritious.
4．Where does this text probably come from
A．A recipe book. B．A chemistry paper.
C．A medical report. D．A health magazine.
B
(2020·潍坊市6月模拟)
During the COVID 19 crisis，even the simple act of buying groceries has been completely transformed.For seniors，this task is even more challenging.Concordia University's ACT project team has joined with community partners in the neighbourhood to fill this gap.They've rapidly created a new program—COVID 19 Grocery Response NDG.
The program uses a model that pairs volunteers with seniors，based on availability and language.Those volunteers are trained by ACT's team via video conferencing and then given a list of older adults.The volunteer calls the individuals and takes their order，working with grocery offerings of a Provigo store in the area.When the call is over，the order gets sent to Provigo，which gathers and delivers the order to the senior.It won't take the place of the work of the food bank；seniors are paying for their groceries.
There is also an important social element in the call，which doubles as a friendly check in.The volunteer chats a bit with the senior，who may be very lonely and anxious.One volunteer says it has also been a rewarding experience and gives her the opportunity to help others while staying at home，which they are all being encouraged to do.
The program is a response to a number of factors，including the fact that many older adults are on a fixed income and may not have the Internet access needed to order groceries online.It is targeting seniors who aren't able to access New Hope's usual meals on wheels service.
So far the project is a success，with a growing number of volunteers and seniors.As for what's next，Concordia is optimistic but acknowledges that the team will need to be nimble to accommodate the changing realities of the COVID 19 pandemic.We are at a critical time and we need to do everything we can，together，to help out.
5．What do the volunteers do to help the seniors
A．Help them pay the bill.
B．Send their order to the store.
C.Write a shopping list for them.
D．Deliver their groceries to the door.
6．What can we infer about the program from Paragraph 3
A．It benefits both sides.
B．It helps the store survive.
C．It goes beyond expectation.
D．It encourages people to purchase online.
7．Who might be the potential client of the program
A．Daisy aged 45 with a heavy debt.
B．David who enjoys meals on wheels service.
C．Alexander aged 75 with a retirement pension.
D．Elspeth who knows nothing about online shopping.
8．What does the underlined word “nimble” probably mean
A．Flexible. B．Beneficial.
C．Accessible. D．Qualified.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·6月济南市高三针对性训练)
The lions and leopards (豹) of a national park in India normally do not get along.They __1__ each other for space and food.But about a year ago，a young lioness in the park __2__ a baby leopard.
The 2 month old baby with brown ears and blue eyes was __3__，and the lioness spent weeks nursing，__4__ and caring for him until he died.She treated him as if he were one of her own two sons，who were about the same age.This was a __5__ case of cross species adoption in the wild，the only documented example involving animals that are normally __6__．
__7__，the park workers thought the association would be brief，but this went on.The family were __8__ to tour the park.The lioness took care of the baby，and __9__ meat that she hunted.The new brothers played with him and occasionally followed him up trees.This unlikely __10__ was surely amazing.
Although this adoption was puzzling，it highlights the __11__ between the two species.Until they reach young adulthood，when social differences __12__，lions and leopards play and beg for milk in similar ways.For this mother lioness，she may have __13__ the baby's more leopard like features—his smell，size and spotted appearance.
The __14__ of the inter species adoption in the wild would be sweet enough for a children's book，yet __15__ enough to attract scientists.
1．A.put up with B．take advantage of
C．depend on D．fight with
2．A.scared B．adopted
C．spotted D．attacked
3．A.lazy B．brave
C．weak D．dangerous
4．A.feeding B．checking
C．following D．dressing
5．A.simple B．typical
C．famous D．rare
6．A.friends B．competitors
C．partners D．neighbors
7．A.Initially B．Luckily
C．Certainly D．Unexpectedly
8．A.expected B．observed
C．persuaded D．pushed
9．A.cooked B．packed
C．shared D．burned
10．A.experience B．affair
C．agreement D．connection
11．A.communication B．similarities
C．behavior D．differences
12．A.emerge B．remain
C．recover D．survive
13．A.compared B．disliked
C．ignored D．protected
14．A.incident B．experience
C．report D．tale
15．A.strange B．caring
C．reliable D．moving
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021·山东省历城二中第一次模拟)
What you spend rather than what you earn 1.________ (help) to determine how content you are with life, a new study says.
Research from the Office for National Statistics found spending on hotels, restaurants and household furnishings was associated with life satisfaction. 2.________ (unsurprising), spending on insurance and mobile phones was not. But the ONS said that overall spending and income mattered less than personal circumstances when 3.________ (measure) life satisfaction.Good health, marital status (婚姻状况) and economic activity had the strongest associations with how positively life satisfaction is rated.
Its analysis found that age also mattered: the young have 4.________(high) life satisfaction than those in their forties but life satisfaction rises again in later years，before falling again for those in their eighties. Living 5.________ (condition) were also important. Those who own their homes think their life satisfaction is more highly than 6.________ in poverty.
But while spending is more important than income, households with 7.________ income of between ￡24，000 and ￡44，000 would feel more 8.________ (satisfy) if their income increased, the ONS found. The ONS said, “There is no evidence of a significant association between household income 9.________ life satisfaction overall after accounting for other characteristics, such as age，10.________ (marry) and so on.”
PAGE
9Unit 4 Sharing
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·普通高等学校招生全国统一考试)
Organic food is very popular. It is also expensive. Some organic food costs twice as much as non?organic food，but new parents and pet owners are willing to pay up to 200% more for organic food. However，there are people who think it is a waste of money.
There is one main difference between organic and non?organic food. Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals，such as pesticides (杀虫剂). In many countries organic foods have special labels. These guarantee that the products are natural.
Some people think organic means locally grown. Originally this was true. Over time organic farming became more difficult. The demand for organic food grew larger than the supply. Small companies had to sell out to large companies. There weren't enough organic ingredients (原料)，such as grain and cattle. This made it difficult for many organic companies to stay in business.Today，many large companies have an organic line of products.
Is organic food more nutritious？This is part of the debate.Many farmers and consumers believe it is.They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems such as cancer.Many health professionals disagree. Few studies prove that organic foods prevent health problems. Health specialists worry more about bacteria(细菌)，such as E．coli and salmonella. These can get into contact with organic and non?organic food. Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too.
Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better. Is tastier food worth the extra money This is a matter of opinion.Whether it is healthier or not may require more research.However，organic consumers argue that it is better to be safe than sorry.
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。有机食品很受欢迎，但价格也相对昂贵。一些人愿意为此支付高额的费用，也有一些人认为这是在浪费钱财。
1．What is probably the major concern of organic food consumers
A．Price. B．Safety.
C．Freshness. D．Variety.
B [考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Organic farms do not use agricultural chemicals”和第四段中的“They think agricultural chemicals cause health problems such as cancer”可知，有机食品不使用农药，许多消费者认为农药会引起健康问题，故可推知购买有机食品的消费者主要关心的是安全问题。]
2．What is the doctors' suggestion
A．Grow your own food.
B．Reduce the use of pesticides.
C．Make sure the food is clean.
D．Buy large companies' products.
C [考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Doctors recommend washing produce very carefully. Handling meat carefully is important too”可知，医生建议要保证食品是干净的。]
3．Which of the following do most people agree on organic food
A．It tastes better. B．It is easier to grow.
C．It contains more fat. D．It is more nutritious.
A [考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Most people agree that naturally grown food tastes better”可知，大多数人认为有机食品尝起来味道更好。]
4．Where does this text probably come from
A．A recipe book. B．A chemistry paper.
C．A medical report. D．A health magazine.
D [考查文章出处。通读全文可知，本文主要在探究有机食品是否更安全、更有营养，故可推知本文最可能选自健康杂志。]
B
(2020·潍坊市6月模拟)
During the COVID 19 crisis，even the simple act of buying groceries has been completely transformed.For seniors，this task is even more challenging.Concordia University's ACT project team has joined with community partners in the neighbourhood to fill this gap.They've rapidly created a new program—COVID 19 Grocery Response NDG.
The program uses a model that pairs volunteers with seniors，based on availability and language.Those volunteers are trained by ACT's team via video conferencing and then given a list of older adults.The volunteer calls the individuals and takes their order，working with grocery offerings of a Provigo store in the area.When the call is over，the order gets sent to Provigo，which gathers and delivers the order to the senior.It won't take the place of the work of the food bank；seniors are paying for their groceries.
There is also an important social element in the call，which doubles as a friendly check in.The volunteer chats a bit with the senior，who may be very lonely and anxious.One volunteer says it has also been a rewarding experience and gives her the opportunity to help others while staying at home，which they are all being encouraged to do.
The program is a response to a number of factors，including the fact that many older adults are on a fixed income and may not have the Internet access needed to order groceries online.It is targeting seniors who aren't able to access New Hope's usual meals on wheels service.
So far the project is a success，with a growing number of volunteers and seniors.As for what's next，Concordia is optimistic but acknowledges that the team will need to be nimble to accommodate the changing realities of the COVID 19 pandemic.We are at a critical time and we need to do everything we can，together，to help out.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在加拿大新冠肺炎疫情期间帮助老年人在商店下单购物的一个志愿者服务项目，该项目使老年人和志愿者双方都有受益。
5．What do the volunteers do to help the seniors
A．Help them pay the bill.
B．Send their order to the store.
C.Write a shopping list for them.
D．Deliver their groceries to the door.
B [考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The volunteer calls the individuals and takes their order，working with grocery offerings of a Provigo store in the area.When the call is over，the order gets sent to Provigo, which gathers and delivers the order to the senior”可知，志愿者们先通过电话联系这些老年人，记下他们订购的商品，然后与当地的商店合作，将订单发送给商店，商店再对订单上的商品进行搜集，最后递送给老年人，故选B。]
6．What can we infer about the program from Paragraph 3
A．It benefits both sides.
B．It helps the store survive.
C．It goes beyond expectation.
D．It encourages people to purchase online.
A [考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“The volunteer chats a bit with the senior，who may be very lonely and anxious.One volunteer says it has also been a rewarding experience and gives her the opportunity to help others while staying at home”可知，在这个项目中，孤独、焦虑的老年人可以和志愿者聊天，志愿者也认为这是有益的经历，可以让他们待在家里的同时又有机会帮助别人，因此可推断，这个项目是使双方都受益的，故选A。]
7．Who might be the potential client of the program
A．Daisy aged 45 with a heavy debt.
B．David who enjoys meals on wheels service.
C．Alexander aged 75 with a retirement pension.
D．Elspeth who knows nothing about online shopping.
C [考查推理判断。根据第四段最后一句“It is targeting seniors who aren't able to access New Hope's usual meals on wheels service”可知，该项目的服务对象是不会使用通常的上门送餐服务的老年人，故选C。]
8．What does the underlined word “nimble” probably mean
A．Flexible. B．Beneficial.
C．Accessible. D．Qualified.
A [考查词义猜测。根据画线词后面的“accommodate the changing realities of the COVID 19 pandemic”可知，团队需要考虑新冠肺炎疫情期间不断变化的现实，由此可知，画线词的意思最接近 flexible“灵活的”，故选A。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·6月济南市高三针对性训练)
The lions and leopards (豹) of a national park in India normally do not get along.They __1__ each other for space and food.But about a year ago，a young lioness in the park __2__ a baby leopard.
The 2 month old baby with brown ears and blue eyes was __3__，and the lioness spent weeks nursing，__4__ and caring for him until he died.She treated him as if he were one of her own two sons，who were about the same age.This was a __5__ case of cross species adoption in the wild，the only documented example involving animals that are normally __6__．
__7__，the park workers thought the association would be brief，but this went on.The family were __8__ to tour the park.The lioness took care of the baby，and __9__ meat that she hunted.The new brothers played with him and occasionally followed him up trees.This unlikely __10__ was surely amazing.
Although this adoption was puzzling，it highlights the __11__ between the two species.Until they reach young adulthood，when social differences __12__，lions and leopards play and beg for milk in similar ways.For this mother lioness，she may have __13__ the baby's more leopard like features—his smell，size and spotted appearance.
The __14__ of the inter species adoption in the wild would be sweet enough for a children's book，yet __15__ enough to attract scientists.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。在印度的一个国家公园里，狮子和豹子通常不能和睦相处，它们为食物和空间而互相争斗，但一年前，一头母狮竟然收养了一只幼豹并照顾它直到它死去。
1．A.put up with B．take advantage of
C．depend on D．fight with
D [根据空前一句可知，在印度的一个国家公园里，狮子和豹子通常不能和睦相处；结合该句中的“for space and food”可知，它们常为食物和空间互相争斗，故D项正确。A项意为“容忍，忍受”，与语境不符。]
2．A.scared B．adopted
C．spotted D．attacked
B [根据第二段第一句中的“the lioness spent weeks nursing”可知，这头母狮用了数周时间照顾幼豹；结合下文中的“cross species adoption”可知，这头母狮收养了幼豹，B项意为“收养”，故B项正确。]
3．A.lazy B．brave
C．weak D．dangerous
C [根据空后的“the lioness spent weeks nursing，________ and caring for him until he died”可知，母狮花费数周照顾幼豹、喂养它直至它死去；据此可知，这只幼豹很虚弱，C项意为“虚弱的”，故C项正确。]
4．A.feeding B．checking
C．following D．dressing
A [参见上题解析。]
5．A.simple B．typical
C．famous D．rare
D [根据上文可知，母狮收养了幼豹并照顾它直到它死亡；结合常识可知，这种跨物种收养的行为是罕见的，D项意为“稀少的”，故D项正确。]
6．A.friends B．competitors
C．partners D．neighbors
B [根据该句中的“normally”并结合上文可知，这个跨物种收养的例子涉及的动物(狮子和豹子)在通常情况下是竞争者关系；B项意为“竞争者”，故B项正确。]
7．A.Initially B．Luckily
C．Certainly D．Unexpectedly
A [根据语境可知，起初，公园的工作人员认为这种跨物种收养过程很短，但是没想到这种过程在继续；A项意为“起初”，故A项正确。]
8．A.expected B．observed
C．persuaded D．pushed
B [根据下文的描述可知，这头母狮照顾幼豹，并和它分享自己猎捕来的肉，两只小狮子也陪它玩并时不时在树上跟着它，据此可知，这个家庭在公园里的活动被人们观察到。]
9．A.cooked B．packed
C．shared D．burned
C [参见上题解析。]
10．A.experience B．affair
C．agreement D．connection
D [根据第三段第一句中的“the association”并结合空前的“unlikely”可知，这种狮豹在一起的不太可能的联系必定令人大为惊奇。]
11．A.communication B．similarities
C．behavior D．differences
B [根据空后一句中的“lions and leopards play and beg for milk in similar ways”并结合语境可知，尽管这种(跨物种的)收养让人困惑，但它强调了两个物种之间的相似点，B项意为“相似点”，故B项正确。]
12．A.emerge B．remain
C．recover D．survive
A [结合语境和常识可知，幼狮幼豹在玩耍和讨要乳汁时的方式是相似的，直到它们到了成年早期，社会行为的不同之处开始出现；A项意为“出现”，故A项正确。]
13．A.compared B．disliked
C．ignored D．protected
C [上文表述了狮、豹两个物种之间有相似之处，因此，这头母狮可能忽略了这个幼崽的更多“像豹”的特点。]
14．A.incident B．experience
C．report D．tale
D [根据语境和上文表述的跨物种收养很罕见可知，跨物种收养是儿童读物中足够让人愉快的故事，但也是足够奇怪到吸引科学家的故事；D项意为“故事”，故D项正确。]
15．A.strange B．caring
C．reliable D．moving
A [参见上题解析。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021·山东省历城二中第一次模拟)
What you spend rather than what you earn 1.________ (help) to determine how content you are with life, a new study says.
Research from the Office for National Statistics found spending on hotels, restaurants and household furnishings was associated with life satisfaction. 2.________ (unsurprising), spending on insurance and mobile phones was not. But the ONS said that overall spending and income mattered less than personal circumstances when 3.________ (measure) life satisfaction.Good health, marital status (婚姻状况) and economic activity had the strongest associations with how positively life satisfaction is rated.
Its analysis found that age also mattered: the young have 4.________(high) life satisfaction than those in their forties but life satisfaction rises again in later years，before falling again for those in their eighties. Living 5.________ (condition) were also important. Those who own their homes think their life satisfaction is more highly than 6.________ in poverty.
But while spending is more important than income, households with 7.________ income of between ￡24，000 and ￡44，000 would feel more 8.________ (satisfy) if their income increased, the ONS found. The ONS said, “There is no evidence of a significant association between household income 9.________ life satisfaction overall after accounting for other characteristics, such as age，10.________ (marry) and so on.”
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了一项新的研究，并列举了几种主要的能决定一个人对生活的满意程度的因素。
1．解析： 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：一项新的研究表明，开支比收入更能决定一个人对生活的满意程度。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，根据本句的时态及空后的a new study says可知，本句介绍一般事实，应用一般现在时，且此处主语为从句，谓语动词应用单数形式，故填helps。
答案： helps
2．解析： 考查词性转换。句意为：保险和手机方面的支出与对生活的满意度没有关联，这不足为奇。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语修饰整个句子，应填副词，故填Unsurprisingly。
答案： Unsurprisingly
3．解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意为：但英国国家统计局表示，在衡量生活满意度时，总体支出和收入的重要性低于个人情况。分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词mattered，因此measure应用非谓语形式，且measure与其逻辑主语the ONS之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填measuring。
答案： measuring
4．解析： 考查形容词的比较级。句意为：分析发现年龄也很重要：年轻人的生活满意度比40岁的人高，但生活满意度在之后几年会再次上升，而80多岁的人则会再次下降。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作定语，根据设空处后的than可知，此处应用比较级，故填higher。
答案： higher
5．解析： 考查名词单复数。句意为：生活条件也很重要。分析句子结构可知，设空处作主语，应用名词。且空后谓语动词为复数形式，故此处名词也应用复数形式。故填conditions。living conditions意为“生活条件”。
答案： conditions
6．解析： 考查代词。句意为：那些拥有自己的家的人认为自己的生活满意度比贫困人口高。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句子中作宾语，指代“贫困的人”，表示泛指，故填those。
答案： those
7．解析： 考查冠词。句意为：但英国国家统计局发现，尽管支出比收入更重要，但收入在2.4万至4.4万英镑之间的家庭，如果收入增加，会感到更满足。an income of...为固定搭配，意为“……的收入”，故填an。
答案： an
8．解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句子中作表语，应用形容词。结合句意可知，此处表示“感到满意的”，故填satisfied。
答案： satisfied
9．解析： 考查连词。句意为：英国国家统计局说“没有证据表明，在考虑到年龄、婚姻等其他特征后，家庭收入与总体生活满意度之间存在显著的关联。”分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处为between... and...结构，表示“在……之间”，故填and。
答案： and
10．解析： 考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中与age作并列宾语，应用名词。故填marriage。
答案： marriage
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