Unit 1 A land of diversity
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·济南市济钢中学高三3月模拟考试)
As a first responder，you never know what type of situation you might walk into，or who you'll meet along the way.That's definitely been the case for Jeffrey Lanenberg，a 51 year old paramedic(急救医务人员) since 1984.
Ten years into the job，Lanenberg received a call that reported that a man in his early 30s had fallen down in the Mall of America.When Lanenberg and his partner arrived at the scene，they found the young male face down on the ground.He had gone unconscious，making weak attempts to breathe.His wife stood beside him holding their small son in horror.They quickly rushed to defibrillate(除颤) and calm the man to keep him under control.After Lanenberg dropped the patient off at the neighboring hospital，he thought about the man and his family for a long time.
Lanenberg thought he had experienced everything under the sun until one random visit to Office Max three years ago，where he met a man repeatedly walk back and forth while staring at him.As it turned out，the man was the patient he had saved 20 years earlier.
“You gave me 20 years more than I ever thought I'd have，” the man said.He thanked Lanenberg repeatedly and told him he had someone he wanted him to meet.He stepped around the corner and reappeared with a 20 something year old man.Lanenberg instantly knew that it was the son he had seen standing by his mother all those years ago.
“That day changed my life，” Lanenberg said.“Before that，everything was about work...When I talk to my beginner training class，I tell them you never know the impact you can have on someone's life.”
1．What did Lanenberg do with the young man
A．He gave the man the first aid.
B．He cured the man at the scene.
C．He only sent the man to hospital.
D．He took care of the man's wife and son.
2．What did Lanenberg think of the encounter with the man
A．It was unbelievable.
B．It was a common routine.
C．It was a matter of course.
D．It was a dangerous situation.
3．Why was the man thankful to Lanenberg
A．Lanenberg helped bring up his little son.
B．Lanenberg donated to support his family.
C．Lanenberg gave him the present happy life.
D．Lanenberg taught his son to be a new doctor.
4．How did the meeting change Lanenberg's life
A．He changed his attitude to his job.
B．He was rewarded with much money.
C．He got a promotion to be a team leader.
D．He took up teaching work to train newcomers.
B
(2020·广州市综合检测二)
Texas rancher(牧场主) Charles Goodnight had a problem.He needed skilled cowboys to drive his herd of two thousand longhorn cattle to New Mexico to be sold.He couldn't offer high wages.He couldn't promise easy jobs or even nice weather.But he thought that decent，hot meals might entice men to work for him.
In the mid to late 1800s，cattle drives sometimes took three to four months，and once the drive began，there were no stores for hundreds of miles.All the food and supplies needed for the trip were carried on two wheeled carts.Usually，the cowboy's food was boring and unappetizing.
Goodnight went to work and solved the problem.His invention of a mobile kitchen，the chuck wagon(炊事用车)，got its name from the cowboy word for food—“chuck”．Goodnight took an old army wagon and rebuilt it with the Osage orange，which is so tough that Indians used it to make bows.The wagon's iron axles were stronger than the wooden ones found on standard wagons，and the wider wheels lasted longer.Besides food and eating utensils，it held everything from first aid supplies to needles and thread.It even contained a cooking stove.
The first chuck wagon was an instant success.Eighteen cowhands joined Goodnight and his partner，Oliver Loving，to drive the cattle to New Mexico，earning the pair a handsome profit.The route they took—later called the Goodnight Loving Trail—became one of the most heavily used cattle trails in the Southwest.
The chuck wagon soon was the backbone of all successful cattle drives.Other ranchers created their own moving kitchens，and eventually the Studebaker Company produced chuck wagons that sold for $75 to $100 apiece，about $1，000 today.
The chuck wagon was much more than a mobile kitchen.Sometimes called “the trail drive's mother ship”，it was like a magnet that drew the men together.The wagon and the ground around it were the cowboy's home.There he enjoyed hot meals，a warm fire，and good companionship.He could also get a bandage，a haircut，or liniment for his sore muscles.And there，under the stars and around the chuck wagon，he crawled into his bedroll each night.
5．What does the underlined word “entice” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Inform. B．Direct.
C．Enable. D．Attract.
6．Why were cattle drives in the mid to late 1800s so tough
A．All the cattle were carried on two wheeled vehicles.
B．Fresh food supplies were hard to find on the drive.
C．There were not enough cowboys to drive the cattle.
D.There was no place to store food and necessary supplies.
7．What do we know about Goodnight's chuck wagon from the text
A．It was stronger than the ordinary wagons.
B．It was mainly used to provide first aid.
C．It could be changed into a sleeping area.
D．It was sold to other ranchers by Goodnight.
8．What is the best title for the text
A．The Cowboys' Problem
B．Goodnight Loving Trail
C．The Cowboys' Home on Wheels
D．Exciting Cattle Drives in the West
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·菏泽市6月模拟)
It was a cold afternoon and the phone rang again.I sighed and was annoyed because it was either going to be for my wife，Susan，or the call__1__to sell me something I wasn't interested in with various means.
“Hello，” I said，a(n)__2__in my voice.“Hello，your wife and daughter were in a__3__on the 72nd street，” said a strange voice.“Uh，another__4__．I should blacklist her，” I thought，and was __5__ to hang up.“Daddy...” Then I heard Alyce，my daughter，sobbing.My heart stopped and then began__6__．
I ran a few blocks to what looks like a__7__for a disaster movie.Fire engines，police cars，and ambulances were__8__ parked.A bus was on the wrong side of the road.In front of it were the__9__of Susan's car.
Alyce was standing beside the destroyed vehicle，covered in broken glass，but__10__，with a middle aged woman.It was her that made a phone call to__11__me just now.She must have __12__ to the scene，still in her bathrobe (浴袍).Susan wasn't so lucky.It__13__her head was hit heavily.Medical staff said she might not awake__14__their timely arrival.
It made me think of the woman suddenly，who had left before I could__15__her and the call.That's the warmest thing in this cold season.
1．A.managing B．attempting
C．failing D．refusing
2．A.edge B．anxiety
C．concern D．surprise
3．A.celebration B．cinema
C．crash D．conference
4．A.notice B．entertainment
C．arrangement D．trick
5．A.hesitant B．ready
C．disappointed D．afraid
6．A.pounding B．wandering
C．striking D．imagining
7．A.display B．rescue
C．forecast D．shoot
8．A.randomly B．obviously
C．strangely D．regularly
9．A.recordings B．pictures
C．remains D．possessions
10．A.unconscious B．uninjured
C．disabled D．displeased
11．A.comfort B．bother
C．remind D．inform
12．A.referred B．pointed
C．attended D．rushed
13．A.turned out B．worked out
C．brought out D．held out
14．A.apart from B．regardless of
C．but for D．due to
15．A.introduce B．appreciate
C．applaud D．recognize
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·临沂市6月模拟)
We recognize our friends' faces.And we are not alone.Many social animals can also identify individuals of their own species by their facial 1.________(feature)，because they need to adjust their behavior 2.________(depend) on who they meet.And a study has shown that some domesticated(驯养的) animals can even distinguish among different faces in photographs.
Researchers first 3.________(teach) horses to “choose” between two side by side images on a computer screen.Then the horses that were shown photos of their keeper alongside faces of 4.________(familiar) humans ignored the strangers' faces，identifying 5.________(correct) their keeper about 75% of the time.What's more，the horses also preferentially picked photos of their previous keeper.And they 6.________(be) at least as accurate in picking out their previous keeper 7.________ they were in identifying their current one.
In addition，horses seem to have 8.________ strong long term memory for human faces，consistent with their long lifespan and history of domestication.In future experiments，the researchers may test whether looking at photos of people that they have had bad experiences with might cause horses 9.________(act) anxiously.So maybe think twice before doing anything 10.________ might give a horse a long face.
PAGE
10Unit 1 A land of diversity
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·济南市济钢中学高三3月模拟考试)
As a first responder，you never know what type of situation you might walk into，or who you'll meet along the way.That's definitely been the case for Jeffrey Lanenberg，a 51 year old paramedic(急救医务人员) since 1984.
Ten years into the job，Lanenberg received a call that reported that a man in his early 30s had fallen down in the Mall of America.When Lanenberg and his partner arrived at the scene，they found the young male face down on the ground.He had gone unconscious，making weak attempts to breathe.His wife stood beside him holding their small son in horror.They quickly rushed to defibrillate(除颤) and calm the man to keep him under control.After Lanenberg dropped the patient off at the neighboring hospital，he thought about the man and his family for a long time.
Lanenberg thought he had experienced everything under the sun until one random visit to Office Max three years ago，where he met a man repeatedly walk back and forth while staring at him.As it turned out，the man was the patient he had saved 20 years earlier.
“You gave me 20 years more than I ever thought I'd have，” the man said.He thanked Lanenberg repeatedly and told him he had someone he wanted him to meet.He stepped around the corner and reappeared with a 20 something year old man.Lanenberg instantly knew that it was the son he had seen standing by his mother all those years ago.
“That day changed my life，” Lanenberg said.“Before that，everything was about work...When I talk to my beginner training class，I tell them you never know the impact you can have on someone's life.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位急救医务人员和被他抢救的年轻人之间的故事。
1．What did Lanenberg do with the young man
A．He gave the man the first aid.
B．He cured the man at the scene.
C．He only sent the man to hospital.
D．He took care of the man's wife and son.
A [推理判断题。该题问的是Lanenberg对那个年轻人做了什么。根据关键句“They quickly rushed to defibrillate(除颤)and calm the man to keep him under control.”(第二段倒数第二句)可知，Lanenberg和他的同事在第一时间对这名男子实施了急救。由此可推知，Lanenberg对那个年轻人实施了急救。故选A。]
2．What did Lanenberg think of the encounter with the man
A．It was unbelievable.
B．It was a common routine.
C．It was a matter of course.
D．It was a dangerous situation.
A [推理判断题。该题问的是Lanenberg如何看待自己与那名男士的再次相遇。根据关键句“Lanenberg thought he had experienced everything under the sun until one random visit to Office Max three years ago，where he met a man repeatedly walk back and forth while staring at him.”(第三段第一句)可知，Lanenberg认为自己什么事情都经历过，没有什么事会让他大惊小怪了，直到他再次遇见二十多年前他救过的那名男子。由此可推知，Lanenberg认为再次见到二十多年前他救过的那名男子是令人难以置信的事。故选A。]
3．Why was the man thankful to Lanenberg
A．Lanenberg helped bring up his little son.
B．Lanenberg donated to support his family.
C．Lanenberg gave him the present happy life.
D．Lanenberg taught his son to be a new doctor.
C [推理判断题。该题问的是为什么那名男子要感谢Lanenberg。根据关键句“You gave me 20 years more than I ever thought I'd have，”the man said.He thanked Lanenberg repeatedly and told him he had someone he wanted him to meet.(第四段第一、二句)并结合第四段最后两句可知，那名男子认为 Lanenberg对他的急救让他多活了二十年，并且享受到了有家人相伴的幸福生活。故选C。]
4．How did the meeting change Lanenberg's life
A．He changed his attitude to his job.
B．He was rewarded with much money.
C．He got a promotion to be a team leader.
D．He took up teaching work to train newcomers.
A [推理判断题。该题问的是这次见面如何改变了Lanenberg的生活。根据最后一段内容可知，在这次见面之前，Lanenberg认为他所做的一切都跟工作有关，但是这次见面改变了他对工作和生活的看法。故选A。]
B
(2020·广州市综合检测二)
Texas rancher(牧场主) Charles Goodnight had a problem.He needed skilled cowboys to drive his herd of two thousand longhorn cattle to New Mexico to be sold.He couldn't offer high wages.He couldn't promise easy jobs or even nice weather.But he thought that decent，hot meals might entice men to work for him.
In the mid to late 1800s，cattle drives sometimes took three to four months，and once the drive began，there were no stores for hundreds of miles.All the food and supplies needed for the trip were carried on two wheeled carts.Usually，the cowboy's food was boring and unappetizing.
Goodnight went to work and solved the problem.His invention of a mobile kitchen，the chuck wagon(炊事用车)，got its name from the cowboy word for food—“chuck”．Goodnight took an old army wagon and rebuilt it with the Osage orange，which is so tough that Indians used it to make bows.The wagon's iron axles were stronger than the wooden ones found on standard wagons，and the wider wheels lasted longer.Besides food and eating utensils，it held everything from first aid supplies to needles and thread.It even contained a cooking stove.
The first chuck wagon was an instant success.Eighteen cowhands joined Goodnight and his partner，Oliver Loving，to drive the cattle to New Mexico，earning the pair a handsome profit.The route they took—later called the Goodnight Loving Trail—became one of the most heavily used cattle trails in the Southwest.
The chuck wagon soon was the backbone of all successful cattle drives.Other ranchers created their own moving kitchens，and eventually the Studebaker Company produced chuck wagons that sold for $75 to $100 apiece，about $1，000 today.
The chuck wagon was much more than a mobile kitchen.Sometimes called “the trail drive's mother ship”，it was like a magnet that drew the men together.The wagon and the ground around it were the cowboy's home.There he enjoyed hot meals，a warm fire，and good companionship.He could also get a bandage，a haircut，or liniment for his sore muscles.And there，under the stars and around the chuck wagon，he crawled into his bedroll each night.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。在十九世纪，得克萨斯州的牧场主查尔斯·古德奈特认为提供像样的热饭菜可能会吸引牛仔们为他工作，帮助他把牛赶到新墨西哥州。为此，他发明了炊事用车，车里带有食物、急救用品、炉子等，让赶牛的人能在沿途吃到像样的热饭菜、享受到温暖的炉火和良好的友谊。这种车不仅仅是一个可移动的厨房，它更为牛仔们提供了一个“家”。
5．What does the underlined word “entice” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Inform. B．Direct.
C．Enable. D．Attract.
D [考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的“He couldn't offer high wages.He couldn't promise easy jobs or even nice weather.But he thought that decent，hot meals might entice men to work for him”和语境可知，他不能提供高工资，也不能保证会有容易的活儿或好天气；但他认为，像样的热饭菜可能会吸引别人为他工作。据此可以判断，画线词的含义与D项的含义最为接近。]
6．Why were cattle drives in the mid to late 1800s so tough
A．All the cattle were carried on two wheeled vehicles.
B．Fresh food supplies were hard to find on the drive.
C．There were not enough cowboys to drive the cattle.
D.There was no place to store food and necessary supplies.
B [考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“there were no stores for hundreds of miles...was boring and unappetizing”可知，在赶牛的旅途中难以吃到新鲜的食物。故B项正确。]
7．What do we know about Goodnight's chuck wagon from the text
A．It was stronger than the ordinary wagons.
B．It was mainly used to provide first aid.
C．It could be changed into a sleeping area.
D．It was sold to other ranchers by Goodnight.
A [考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“rebuilt it with the Osage orange...and the wider wheels lasted longer”可知，古德奈特发明的炊事用车比一般的四轮运货车更坚固，故A项正确。]
8．What is the best title for the text
A．The Cowboys' Problem
B．Goodnight Loving Trail
C．The Cowboys' Home on Wheels
D．Exciting Cattle Drives in the West
C [考查标题判断。通读全文可知，牧场主查尔斯·古德奈特为解决牛仔们的吃饭问题而发明了炊事用车，而且这种车不仅仅是一个可移动的厨房，它更为牛仔们提供了一个“家”。故C项最适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·菏泽市6月模拟)
It was a cold afternoon and the phone rang again.I sighed and was annoyed because it was either going to be for my wife，Susan，or the call__1__to sell me something I wasn't interested in with various means.
“Hello，” I said，a(n)__2__in my voice.“Hello，your wife and daughter were in a__3__on the 72nd street，” said a strange voice.“Uh，another__4__．I should blacklist her，” I thought，and was __5__ to hang up.“Daddy...” Then I heard Alyce，my daughter，sobbing.My heart stopped and then began__6__．
I ran a few blocks to what looks like a__7__for a disaster movie.Fire engines，police cars，and ambulances were__8__ parked.A bus was on the wrong side of the road.In front of it were the__9__of Susan's car.
Alyce was standing beside the destroyed vehicle，covered in broken glass，but__10__，with a middle aged woman.It was her that made a phone call to__11__me just now.She must have __12__ to the scene，still in her bathrobe (浴袍).Susan wasn't so lucky.It__13__her head was hit heavily.Medical staff said she might not awake__14__their timely arrival.
It made me think of the woman suddenly，who had left before I could__15__her and the call.That's the warmest thing in this cold season.
语篇解读 本文是记叙文，主题语境是“人与自我”。一个寒冷的冬日，作者的妻子和女儿遭遇车祸，多亏了一位好心女士的帮助，让作者及时赶到现场，妻子得到了及时救助。
1．A.managing B．attempting
C．failing D．refusing
B [结合语境以及下文的“to sell me something I wasn't interested in with various means”可知，此处指试图用各种方法卖东西的推销电话。manage“设法做成，努力完成”；attempt“试图，尝试，企图”；fail“未做到”；refuse“拒绝”。]
2．A.edge B．anxiety
C．concern D．surprise
A [由上文的“I sighed and was annoyed”“I wasn't interested in”可知，作者不满意电话铃声响，所以他接电话时声音里有一丝怨气。edge在此处表示“(话音里的)怒气，怨气”，符合语境。]
3．A.celebration B．cinema
C．crash D．conference
C [由下文的描述可知，作者的妻子和女儿出了车祸。crash意为“(汽车的)撞车事故”，符合语境。celebration“庆祝会，庆祝活动”；conference“(尤指持续几天的大型、正式的)会议”。]
4．A.notice B．entertainment
C．arrangement D．trick
D [由上文的“sell me something...with various means”以及下文的“I should blacklist her”“hang up”可知，作者认为打电话的人说的话是骗人的。notice“通告，布告，通知”；entertainment“文娱节目，娱乐活动”；arrangement“安排，筹备”；trick“花招，骗局，把戏”。]
5．A.hesitant B．ready
C．disappointed D．afraid
B [由空前的“I should blacklist her”可知，作者以为打电话的人说的话是骗人的，想要拉黑她，并准备(ready)挂断电话。]
6．A.pounding B．wandering
C．striking D．imagining
A [由上文的“‘Daddy...’Then I heard Alyce，my daughter，sobbing.My heart stopped”可知，作者意识到妻子和女儿真的出了车祸，心怦怦直跳。pound在此处表示“(心脏)剧烈地跳动”。]
7．A.display B．rescue
C．forecast D．shoot
D [由下文的“Fire engines，police cars，and ambulances...A bus was on the wrong side of the road ”可知，此处作者用了一个比喻，车祸现场就像一个灾难电影的拍摄场面。display“展示，表演”；rescue“营救行动”；forecast“预报”；shoot“(照片或电影的)拍摄”。]
8．A.randomly B．obviously
C．strangely D．regularly
A [由于是车祸现场，所以消防车、警车和救护车都随便地停着。randomly“任意地，随意地”。]
9．A.recordings B．pictures
C．remains D．possessions
C [有一辆公交车在道路上逆行，它前面是妻子被撞毁的车。由描述可知，妻子的车和公交车相撞了，再结合下文提到的“the destroyed vehicle”可知，妻子的车被撞坏，不完整了，故用remains“剩余物，残留物”。recording“录制的音像，录像”；possession“个人财产，私人物品”。]
10．A.unconscious B．uninjured
C．disabled D．displeased
B [下文提到“Susan wasn't so lucky”，由上下文可知，虽然作者妻子伤势严重，但是女儿没有受伤。unconscious“无知觉的，昏迷的，不省人事的”；uninjured“安然无恙，毫无损伤”；disabled“丧失能力的”；displeased“气愤的”。]
11．A.comfort B．bother
C．remind D．inform
D [结合语境可知，那位中年女士打电话是为了通知作者车祸的消息。comfort“安慰，抚慰，宽慰”；bother“打扰，烦扰”；remind“提醒，使想起”；inform“通知，告知”。]
12．A.referred B．pointed
C．attended D．rushed
D [由下文的“still in her bathrobe(浴袍)”可知，这位女士还穿着浴袍，应该是看到车祸后飞快跑到现场。rush意为“(尤因赶路而)急速行进，冲，奔”，符合语境。]
13．A.turned out B．worked out
C．brought out D．held out
A [结果发现，作者妻子的头部受到了重击，turn out表示“结果是”，符合语境。work out“找到……的答案，解决”；bring out“使显现，使表现出”；hold out“维持，坚持”。]
14．A.apart from B．regardless of
C．but for D．due to
C [要不是他们及时赶到，作者的妻子可能就醒不过来了。but for表示“倘若没有，若非，要不是”，符合语境。apart from“除了……外(还)”；regardless of“不管，不顾，不理会”；due to“由于，因为”。]
15．A.introduce B．appreciate
C．applaud D．recognize
B [结合上文描述可知，作者想要感谢那位女士以及她打的电话。introduce“介绍，引见”；appreciate“感激，感谢”；applaud“称赞，赞许”；recognize“认出，认识，辨别出”。]
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·临沂市6月模拟)
We recognize our friends' faces.And we are not alone.Many social animals can also identify individuals of their own species by their facial 1.________(feature)，because they need to adjust their behavior 2.________(depend) on who they meet.And a study has shown that some domesticated(驯养的) animals can even distinguish among different faces in photographs.
Researchers first 3.________(teach) horses to “choose” between two side by side images on a computer screen.Then the horses that were shown photos of their keeper alongside faces of 4.________(familiar) humans ignored the strangers' faces，identifying 5.________(correct) their keeper about 75% of the time.What's more，the horses also preferentially picked photos of their previous keeper.And they 6.________(be) at least as accurate in picking out their previous keeper 7.________ they were in identifying their current one.
In addition，horses seem to have 8.________ strong long term memory for human faces，consistent with their long lifespan and history of domestication.In future experiments，the researchers may test whether looking at photos of people that they have had bad experiences with might cause horses 9.________(act) anxiously.So maybe think twice before doing anything 10.________ might give a horse a long face.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。许多群居动物可以通过面部特征来识别自己物种的个体。一项研究表明，一些驯养的动物甚至可以区分照片中不同的面孔。
1．解析： 考查名词复数。根据语境可知，面部特征不止一个，应用名词复数形式。
答案： features
2．解析： 考查非谓语动词。许多群居动物也可以通过面部特征来识别自己物种的个体，因为它们需要根据遇到的个体来调整自己的行为。because引导的从句的主干为they need to adjust their behavior。depend on的逻辑主语为they，两者之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
答案： depending
3．解析： 考查动词时态。根据下文的“Then the horses that were shown”可知，此处也应用一般过去时态。
答案： taught
4．解析： 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作定语。根据语境和下文的“strangers”可知，此处表示陌生人的面孔，故应用unfamiliar“陌生的，不熟悉的”。
答案： unfamiliar
5．解析： 考查副词。此处修饰动词，应用副词作状语。
答案： correctly
6．解析： 考查时态。根据空前连词And和前后文时态为一般过去时可知，此处应填were。
答案： were
7．解析： 考查连词。此处为as...as...结构，意为“和……一样……”，表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词，其基本结构为：as＋adj./adv.＋as。
答案： as
8．解析： 考查冠词。此处为泛指，应用不定冠词。
答案： a
9．解析： 考查非谓语动词。此处为cause sb./sth.to do结构，动词不定式作宾语补足语。
答案： to act
10．解析： 考查定语从句。此处为限制性定语从句，关系代词在从句中作主语，又由于先行词为anything，故关系代词通常用that。
答案： that
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